Merge pull request #3871 from raspberrypi/develop

Release latest develop changes to production

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/ai-camera/about.adoc

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [[ai-camera]]
 == About
 
-The Raspberry Pi AI Camera uses the Sony IMX500 imaging sensor to provide low-latency and high-performance AI capabilities to any camera application. Tight integration with xref:../computers/camera_software.adoc[Raspberry Pi's camera software stack] allows users to deploy their own neural network models with minimal effort.
+The Raspberry Pi AI Camera uses the Sony IMX500 imaging sensor to provide low-latency, high-performance AI capabilities to any camera application. Tight integration with xref:../computers/camera_software.adoc[Raspberry Pi's camera software stack] allows users to deploy their own neural network models with minimal effort.
 
 image::images/ai-camera.png[The Raspberry Pi AI Camera]
 

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/audio/configuration.adoc

@@ -37,7 +37,11 @@ All the necessary mounting hardware including spacers, screws and connectors is
 
 === Hardware versions
 
-There are multiple versions of the audio cards, and the version that you possess determines the actions required to configure it. Older IQaudIO-marked boards (black PCB) are electrically equivalent to the Raspberry Pi-branded boards (green PCB) but have different EEPROM contents. The following command can be used to confirm which version you have:
+There are multiple versions of the audio cards. Your specific version determines the actions required for configuration. Older, IQaudIO-branded boards have a black PCB. Newer Raspberry Pi-branded boards have a green PCB. These boards are electrically equivalent, but have different EEPROM contents.
+
+After attaching the HAT and applying power, check that the power LED on your audio card is illuminated, if it has one. For example, the Codec Zero has an LED marked `PWR`.
+
+After establishing the card has power, use the following command to check the version of your board:
 
 [source,console]
 ----
@@ -98,6 +102,21 @@ The following command will set your device to use the on-board MEMS microphone a
 $ sudo alsactl restore -f /home/<username>/Pi-Codec/Codec_Zero_OnboardMIC_record_and_SPK_playback.state
 ----
 
+This command may result in erroneous messages, including the following:
+
+* "failed to import hw"
+* "No state is present for card"
+
+In most cases, these warnings are harmless; you can safely ignore them.
+
+However, the following warnings may indicate a hardware failure:
+
+* "Remote I/O error"
+
+In Linux, the following warnings indicate that the kernel can't communicate with an I2C device:
+
+* "Remote I/O error" (`REMOTEIO`)
+
 In order for your project to operate with your required settings when it is powered on, edit the `/etc/rc.local` file. The contents of this file are run at the end of every boot process, so it is ideal for this purpose. Edit the file:
 
 [source,console]
@@ -109,7 +128,7 @@ Add the chosen script command above the exit 0 line and then *Ctrl X*, *Y* and *
 
 [source,bash]
 ----
-#!/bin/sh -e
+#!/bin/sh
 #
 # rc.local
 #
@@ -152,6 +171,16 @@ pcm.!default {
 
 Press `Ctrl+X`, then the `Y` key, then *Enter* to save. Reboot once more to complete the configuration:
 
+Modern Linux distributions such as Raspberry Pi OS typically use PulseAudio or PipeWire for audio control. These frameworks are capable of mixing and switching audio from multiple sources. They provide a high-level API for audio applications to use. Many audio apps use these frameworks by default.
+
+Only create `~/.asoundrc` if an audio application needs to:
+
+* communicate directly with ALSA
+* run in an environment where PulseAudio or PipeWire are not present
+
+This file can interfere with the UI's view of underlying audio resources. As a result, we do not recommend creating `~/.asoundrc` when running the Raspberry Pi OS desktop.
+The UI may automatically clean up and remove this file if it exists.
+
 [source,console]
 ----
 $ sudo reboot

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/bumper.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include::bumper/about.adoc[]

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/bumper/about.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+== About
+
+.The Raspberry Pi Bumper for Raspberry Pi 5
+image::images/bumper.jpg[width="80%"]
+
+The Raspberry Pi Bumper for Raspberry Pi 5 is a snap-on silicone cover that protects
+the bottom and edges of the board. When attached, the mounting holes of the Raspberry Pi remain accessible through the bumper.
+
+The Bumper is only compatible with Raspberry Pi 5.
+
+== Assembly instructions
+
+.Assembling the bumper
+image::images/assembly.png[width="80%"]
+
+To attach the Raspberry Pi Bumper to your Raspberry Pi:
+
+. Turn off your Raspberry Pi and disconnect the power cable.
+. Remove the SD card from the SD card slot of your Raspberry Pi.
+. Align the bumper with the board.
+. Press the board gently but firmly into the bumper, taking care to avoid contact between the bumper and any of the board’s components.
+. Insert your SD card back into the SD card slot of your Raspberry Pi.
+. Reconnect your Raspberry Pi to power.
+
+To remove the Raspberry Pi Bumper from your Raspberry Pi:
+
+. Turn off your Raspberry Pi and disconnect the power cable.
+. Remove the SD card from the SD card slot of your Raspberry Pi.
+. Gently but firmly peel the bumper away from the board, taking care to avoid contact between the bumper and any of the board’s components.
+. Insert your SD card back into the SD card slot of your Raspberry Pi.
+. Reconnect your Raspberry Pi to power.

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/camera/camera_hardware.adoc

@@ -11,12 +11,15 @@ image::images/cm3.jpg[Camera Module 3 normal and wide angle]
 .Camera Module 3 NoIR (left) and Camera Module 3 NoIR Wide (right)
 image::images/cm3_noir.jpg[Camera Module 3 NoIR normal and wide angle]
 
-
-Additionally a 12-megapixel https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera/[High Quality Camera] with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-product-raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera-on-sale-now-at-50/[released in 2020] and https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-autofocus-camera-modules/[2023] respectively. There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the xref:camera.adoc#filter-removal[IR Filter can be removed] if required.
+Additionally, a 12-megapixel https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera/[High Quality Camera] with CS- or M12-mount variants for use with external lenses was https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-product-raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera-on-sale-now-at-50/[released in 2020] and https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-autofocus-camera-modules/[2023] respectively. There is no infrared version of the HQ Camera, however the xref:camera.adoc#filter-removal[IR Filter can be removed] if required.
 
 .HQ Camera, M12-mount (left) and C/CS-mount (right)
 image::images/hq.jpg[M12- and C/CS-mount versions of the HQ Camera]
 
+The Raspberry Pi AI Camera uses the Sony IMX500 imaging sensor to provide low-latency and high-performance AI capabilities to any camera application. Tight integration with xref:../computers/camera_software.adoc[Raspberry Pi's camera software stack] allows users to deploy their own neural network models with minimal effort.
+
+image::images/ai-camera-hero.png[The Raspberry Pi AI Camera]
+
 Finally, there is the Global Shutter camera, which was http://raspberrypi.com/news/new-raspberry-pi-global-shutter-camera[released in 2023]. There is no infrared version of the GS Camera, however the IR Filter can be removed if required.
 
 .Global Shutter Camera
@@ -59,86 +62,96 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 == Hardware Specification
 
 |===
-|  | Camera Module v1 | Camera Module v2 | Camera Module 3 | Camera Module 3 Wide | HQ Camera | GS Camera
+|  | Camera Module v1 | Camera Module v2 | Camera Module 3 | Camera Module 3 Wide | HQ Camera | AI Camera | GS Camera
 
 | Net price
 | $25
 | $25
 | $25 
 | $35
 | $50
+| $70
 | $50
 
 | Size
 | Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm
 | Around 25 × 24 × 9 mm
 | Around 25 × 24 × 11.5 mm
 | Around 25 × 24 × 12.4 mm
-| 38 x 38 x 18.4mm (excluding lens)
-| 38 x 38 x 19.8mm (29.5mm with adaptor and dust cap)
+| 38 × 38 × 18.4mm (excluding lens)
+| 25 × 24 × 11.9mm
+| 38 × 38 × 19.8mm (29.5mm with adaptor and dust cap)
 
 | Weight
 | 3g
 | 3g
 | 4g
 | 4g
 | 30.4g
+| 6g
 | 34g (41g with adaptor and dust cap)
 
 | Still resolution
-| 5 Megapixels
-| 8 Megapixels
-| 11.9 Megapixels
-| 11.9 Megapixels
-| 12.3 Megapixels
-| 1.58 Megapixels
+| 5 megapixels
+| 8 megapixels
+| 11.9 megapixels
+| 11.9 megapixels
+| 12.3 megapixels
+| 12.3 megapixels
+| 1.58 megapixels
 
 | Video modes
 | 1080p30, 720p60 and 640 × 480p60/90
 | 1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206
 | 2304 × 1296p56, 2304 × 1296p30 HDR, 1536 × 864p120
 | 2304 × 1296p56, 2304 × 1296p30 HDR, 1536 × 864p120
 | 2028 × 1080p50, 2028 × 1520p40 and 1332 × 990p120
-| 1456 x 1088p60
+| 2028 × 1520p30, 4056 × 3040p10
+| 1456 × 1088p60
 
 | Sensor
 | OmniVision OV5647
 | Sony IMX219
 | Sony IMX708
 | Sony IMX708
 | Sony IMX477
+| Sony IMX500
 | Sony IMX296
 
 | Sensor resolution
 | 2592 × 1944 pixels
 | 3280 × 2464 pixels
-| 4608 x 2592 pixels
-| 4608 x 2592 pixels
-| 4056 x 3040 pixels
-| 1456 x 1088 pixels
+| 4608 × 2592 pixels
+| 4608 × 2592 pixels
+| 4056 × 3040 pixels
+| 4056 × 3040 pixels
+| 1456 × 1088 pixels
 
 | Sensor image area
 | 3.76 × 2.74 mm
-| 3.68 x 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)
-| 6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
-| 6.45 x 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
-| 6.287mm x 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)
+| 3.68 × 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal)
+| 6.45 × 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
+| 6.45 × 3.63mm (7.4mm diagonal)
+| 6.287mm × 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)
+| 6.287mm × 4.712 mm (7.9mm diagonal)
 | 6.3mm diagonal
 
 | Pixel size
 | 1.4 µm × 1.4 µm
-| 1.12 µm x 1.12 µm
-| 1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
-| 1.4 µm x 1.4 µm
-| 1.55 µm x 1.55 µm
-| 3.45 µm x 3.45 µm
+| 1.12 µm × 1.12 µm
+| 1.4 µm × 1.4 µm
+| 1.4 µm × 1.4 µm
+| 1.55 µm × 1.55 µm
+| 1.55 µm × 1.55 µm
+| 3.45 µm × 3.45 µm
 
 | Optical size
 | 1/4"
 | 1/4"
 | 1/2.43"
 | 1/2.43"
 | 1/2.3"
+| 1/2.3"
 | 1/2.9"
 
 | Focus
@@ -148,13 +161,15 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | Motorized
 | Adjustable
 | Adjustable
+| Adjustable
 
 | Depth of field
 | Approx 1 m to ∞ 
 | Approx 10 cm to ∞ 
 | Approx 10 cm to ∞ 
 | Approx 5 cm to ∞ 
 | N/A
+| Approx 20 cm to ∞
 | N/A
 
 | Focal length
@@ -163,6 +178,7 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | 4.74 mm
 | 2.75 mmm
 | Depends on lens
+| 4.74 mm
 | Depends on lens
 
 | Horizontal Field of View (FoV)
@@ -171,6 +187,7 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | 66 degrees
 | 102 degrees
 | Depends on lens
+| 66 ±3 degrees
 | Depends on lens
 
 | Vertical Field of View (FoV)
@@ -179,6 +196,7 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | 41 degrees
 | 67 degrees
 | Depends on lens
+| 52.3 ±3 degrees
 | Depends on lens
 
 | Focal ratio (F-Stop)
@@ -187,14 +205,16 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | F1.8
 | F2.2
 | Depends on lens
+| F1.79
 | Depends on lens
 
-| Maximum exposure times (seconds)
+| Maximum exposure time (seconds)
 | 0.97
 | 11.76
 | 112
 | 112
 | 670.74
+| 112
 | 15.5 
 
 | Lens Mount
@@ -203,6 +223,7 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | N/A 
 | N/A
 | C/CS- or M12-mount
+| N/A
 | C/CS
 
 | NoIR version available?
@@ -212,6 +233,7 @@ Then, please follow the relevant setup instructions for xref:../computers/camera
 | Yes
 | No
 | No
+| No
 |===
 
 NOTE: There is https://github.com/raspberrypi/libcamera/issues/43[some evidence] to suggest that the Camera Module 3 may emit RFI at a harmonic of the CSI clock rate. This RFI is in a range to interfere with GPS L1 frequencies (1575 MHz). Please see the https://github.com/raspberrypi/libcamera/issues/43[thread on Github] for details and proposed workarounds.

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/sd-cards.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include::sd-cards/about.adoc[]

documentation/asciidoc/accessories/sd-cards/about.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+== About
+
+.A 64GB Raspberry Pi SD Card
+image::images/sd-cards.jpg[width="80%"]
+
+SD card quality is a critical factor in determining the overall user experience for a Raspberry Pi computer. Slow bus speeds and lack of command queueing can reduce the performance of even the most powerful Raspberry Pi models.
+
+Raspberry Pi's official microSD cards support DDR50 and SDR104 bus speeds. Additionally, Raspberry Pi SD cards support the command queueing (CQ) extension, which permits some pipelining of random read operations, ensuring optimal performance.
+
+You can even buy Raspberry Pi SD cards pre-programmed with the latest version of Raspberry Pi OS.
+
+Raspberry Pi SD cards are available in the following sizes:
+
+* 32GB
+* 64GB
+* 128GB
+
+== Specifications
+
+Raspberry Pi SD cards have the following specifications:
+
+Speed Class: C10, U3, V30, A2
+
+Random 4KB read performance:
+
+* 3,200 IOPS on Raspberry Pi 4 (DDR50)
+* 5,000 IOPS on Raspberry Pi 5 (SDR104)
+
+Random 4K write performance:
+
+* 1,200 IOPS on Raspberry Pi 4 (DDR50)
+* 2,000 IOPS on Raspberry Pi 5 (SDR104)
+
+Form factor: microSDHC/microSDXC
+
+SD specification: SD6.1

documentation/asciidoc/computers/camera/camera_usage.adoc

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Raspberry Pi produces several official camera modules, including:
 * the 12-megapixel https://raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/[Camera Module 3], with both standard and wide lenses, with or without an infrared filter
 * the 12-megapixel https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-high-quality-camera/[High Quality Camera] with CS and M12 mount variants for use with external lenses
 * the 1.6-megapixel https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-global-shutter-camera/[Global Shutter Camera] for fast motion photography
+* the 12-megapixel https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-camera/[AI Camera] uses the Sony IMX500 imaging sensor to provide low-latency, high-performance AI capabilities to any camera application
 
 For more information about camera hardware, see the xref:../accessories/camera.adoc#about-the-camera-modules[camera hardware documentation].
 

documentation/asciidoc/computers/camera/rpicam_apps_intro.adoc

@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ Raspberry Pi's implementation of `libcamera` supports the following cameras:
 * Official cameras:
 ** OV5647 (V1)
 ** IMX219 (V2)
+** IMX708 (V3)
 ** IMX477 (HQ)
+** IMX500 (AI)
 ** IMX296 (GS)
-** IMX708 (V3)
 * Third-party sensors:
 ** IMX290
 ** IMX327

documentation/asciidoc/computers/compute-module/cm-emmc-flashing.adoc

@@ -103,7 +103,10 @@ To set up software on a Windows host device:
 
 . Connect the IO Board to power. Windows should discover the hardware and configure the required drivers.
 
-. Double-click on `RPiBoot.exe` to run it. After a few seconds, the Compute Module eMMC should appear as a USB mass storage device.
+. On CM4 and later devices, select **Raspberry Pi - Mass Storage Gadget - 64-bit** from the start menu. After a few seconds, the Compute Module eMMC or NVMe will appear as USB mass storage devices. This also provides a debug console as a serial port gadget.
+
+. On CM3 and older devices, select **rpiboot**. Double-click on `RPiBoot.exe` to run it. After a few seconds, the Compute Module eMMC should appear as a USB mass storage device.
+
 
 TIP: Alternatively, you can https://github.com/raspberrypi/usbboot[build `rpiboot` from source].
 

documentation/asciidoc/computers/getting-started/setting-up.adoc

@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ image::images/peripherals/sd-card.png[alt="Inserting a microSD card into a Raspb
 
 We recommend using an SD card with at least 32GB of storage for Raspberry Pi OS installations. For Raspberry Pi OS Lite, we recommend at least 16GB. You can use any SD card with a capacity of less than 2TB. Capacities above 2TB are currently not supported due to limitations in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record[MBR]. As with any other boot media, you'll see improved performance on SD cards with faster read and write speeds.
 
+If you're unsure which SD card to buy, consider xref:../accessories/sd-cards.adoc[Raspberry Pi's official SD cards].
+
 Because of a hardware limitation, the following devices will only boot from a boot partition of 256GB or less:
 
 * Raspberry Pi Zero