Make Dockerfile Development Friendly

[JoeTice]

Description

Optimize the Dockerfile for development purposes to achieve slim builds and quick rebuild times without sacrificing functionality.

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Tasks

• Review and implement best practices for Docker multi-stage builds.
• Optimize layer caching strategies for development builds.
• Test rebuild times and compare with current benchmarks.

Acceptance Criteria

• Dockerfile supports efficient development builds with optimized layer caching.
• Rebuild times are significantly improved without losing build functionality.
• Documentation is updated with instructions for development builds using the optimized Dockerfile.

[ryan-mcneil]

Perhaps we could have thought the criteria through better for this ticket.

This PR has a new Dockerfile prepared for development (well, mostly). I'm not sure if we want to merge it at this time.

[JoeTice]

SPRINT 50 UPDATE - IN PROGRESS: Troubleshooting an issue that surfaced, expect to be completed in Sprint 51

[ryan-mcneil]

AC met, but we'll keep this PR in a DRAFT state until we're ready to swap out all CI pieces