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fix typo, clarify empty input (#371)
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rzach committed May 1, 2024
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16 changes: 8 additions & 8 deletions content/turing-machines/undecidability/trakhtenbrot.tex
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Turing machines that don't halt on some input~$w$, but $!T(M,w)
\land !E(M,w)$ still has a finite model. For instance, consider the
machine~$M$ with the single state $q_0$ and instruction
$\delta(q_0,\TMblank) = \tuple{q,\TMblank,\TMstay}$. Started on
empty input, this machine never halts: it is in an infinite loop,
but does not change the tape or move the head. All configurations
are the same (same state, same head position, same tape contents).
We can define a finite !!{structure}~$\Struct{M''}$ that satisfies
$!T(M,\emptyseq) \land !E(M,\emptyseq)$ (exercise). We can
change~$!T(M,w)$ in a suitable way so that such !!{structure}s
are ruled out.
$\delta(q_0,\TMblank) = \tuple{q_0,\TMblank,\TMstay}$. Started on
empty input~$w = \emptyseq$, this machine never halts: it is in an
infinite loop, but does not change the tape or move the head. All
configurations are the same (same state, same head position, same
tape contents). We can define a finite !!{structure}~$\Struct{M''}$
that satisfies $!T(M,\emptyseq) \land !E(M,\emptyseq)$ (exercise).
We can, however, change~$!T(M,w)$ in a suitable way so that such
!!{structure}s are ruled out.

\begin{prob}
Let $M$ be a Turing machine with the single state $q_0$ and single
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