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How to integrate Azure Functions with your Teams app

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Zhijie Huang edited this page Jul 21, 2023 · 19 revisions

Integrate Azure Functions with your Teams app

Introduction

Azure Functions is a server-less, event-driven compute solution that allows you to write less code. It's a great way to add server-side behaviors to any Teams application. Learn more from Azure Functions Overview

Prerequisites

Add your first Function to your Teams app

Create a function app project with HTTP trigger in the api folder with Azure Function Core Tools.

```
> mkdir api
> cd ./api
> func new --template "Http Trigger" --name getUserProfile --authlevel anonymous
```

After adding function app project, your folder structure may be like:

```
.
|-- .vscode/
|-- env/
|-- infra/
|-- api/                      <!--function app source code-->
|   |-- getUserProfile/       <!--HTTP trigger name-->
|   |   |-- function.json
|   |   |-- index.ts
|   |-- package.json
|   |-- tsconfig.json
|-- src/                      <!--your current source code-->
|   |-- index.ts
|-- package.json
|-- teamsapp.yml
|-- tsconfig.json
```

For TypeScript developer, it is recommended to specify the typeRoots in api/tsconfig.json to avoid type conflict. Adding following config may help when there are compile errors like Module '"xxx"' has no exported member.

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    ...
    "typeRoots": ["./node_modules/@types"]
  }
}

Setup local debug environment in VSC

You can find a complete sample debug profile for VSC here.

  1. In launch.json file, add Attach to Backend configuration and ensure the it is cascaded by Attach to Frontend and be depended by Debug compounds.

    "configurations": [
  ...
  {
    "name": "Attach to Frontend (Edge)",
    "cascadeTerminateToConfigurations": [
      "Attach to Backend"
    ],
    ...
  },
  {
    "name": "Attach to Backend",
    "type": "node",
    "request": "attach",
    "port": 9229,
    "restart": true,
    "presentation": {
      "group": "all",
      "hidden": true
    },
    "internalConsoleOptions": "neverOpen"
  }
],
"compounds": [
  {
    "name": "Debug (Edge)",
    "configurations": [
      "Attach to Frontend (Edge)",
      "Attach to Backend"
    ],
  },
  ...
]

  2. In tasks.json file, add Start backend and Watch backend tasks.

    ※ Watch backend task is dedicated for TypeScript project. It is no need to add it if you are using JavaScript.

    {
  "label": "Start backend",
  "type": "shell",
  "command": "npm run dev:teamsfx",
  "isBackground": true,
  "options": {
    "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/api",
    "env": {
      "PATH": "${workspaceFolder}/devTools/func:${env:PATH}"
    }
  },
  "problemMatcher": {
    "pattern": {
      "regexp": "^.*$",
      "file": 0,
      "location": 1,
      "message": 2
    },
    "background": {
      "activeOnStart": true,
      "beginsPattern": "^.*(Job host stopped|signaling restart).*$",
      "endsPattern": "^.*(Worker process started and initialized|Host lock lease acquired by instance ID).*$"
    }
  },
  "presentation": {
    "reveal": "silent"
  },
  "dependsOn": ["Watch backend"]
},
{
  "label": "Watch backend",
  "type": "shell",
  "command": "npm run watch",
  "isBackground": true,
  "options": {
    "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/api"
  },
  "problemMatcher": "$tsc-watch",
  "presentation": {
    "reveal": "silent"
  }
}

  3. Add Start backend task to the dependsOn list of Start application task.

    {
    "label": "Start application",
    "dependsOn": [
        "Start frontend",
        "Start backend"
    ]
},

  4. Add file/createOrUpdateEnvironmentFile actions to deploy lifecycle in ./teamsapp.local.yml file. This action generates environment variables.

    deploy:
  - uses: file/createOrUpdateEnvironmentFile # Generate runtime environment variables
    with:
      target: ./api/.localConfigs
      envs:
        M365_CLIENT_ID: ${{AAD_APP_CLIENT_ID}}
        M365_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{SECRET_AAD_APP_CLIENT_SECRET}}
        M365_TENANT_ID: ${{AAD_APP_TENANT_ID}}
        M365_AUTHORITY_HOST: ${{AAD_APP_OAUTH_AUTHORITY_HOST}}
        ALLOWED_APP_IDS: 1fec8e78-bce4-4aaf-ab1b-5451cc387264;5e3ce6c0-2b1f-4285-8d4b-75ee78787346;0ec893e0-5785-4de6-99da-4ed124e5296c;4345a7b9-9a63-4910-a426-35363201d503;4765445b-32c6-49b0-83e6-1d93765276ca;d3590ed6-52b3-4102-aeff-aad2292ab01c;00000002-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000;bc59ab01-8403-45c6-8796-ac3ef710b3e3

  5. Add NPM scripts to ./api/package.json for the function app start. It is recommended to leverage env-cmd to using the environment from the env file.

    "scripts": {
  "dev:teamsfx": "env-cmd --silent -f .localConfigs npm run dev",
  "dev": "func start --typescript --language-worker=\"--inspect=9229\" --port \"7071\" --cors \"*\"",
  ...
}

  6. Add a cli/runNpmCommand action to deploy lifecycle in ./teamsapp.local.yml file. This action trigger npm install before launching your function app.

    deploy:
  - uses: cli/runNpmCommand # Run npm command
    with:
      args: install --no-audit
      workingDirectory: api

  7. Start debugging, you will find your tab app launching with function app running behind.

Add Authorization for http trigger

Yet, your Azure Function app is public to any client. With TeamsFx binding extension, your function is able to reject unauthorized client. Here are the steps to add authorization.

  1. Remove the extensionBundle section in host.json file.

  2. Install TeamsFx binding extension.

    > cd api
> func extensions install --package Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.TeamsFx --version 1.0.*

  3. Refer TeamsFx binding in function.json.

    {
  "bindings": [
    ...,
    {
      "direction": "in",
      "name": "teamsfxContext",
      "type": "TeamsFx"
    }
  ]
}

Remember in ./teamsapp.local.yml, we have set variables M365_CLIENT_ID and ALLOWED_APP_IDS in environment. Now the Function App can only be called by those client whose client id is in the list of ALLOWED_APP_IDS or equals to M365_CLIENT_ID. M365_CLIENT_ID should be the client id of your Teams app. So that your Teams tab app is able to call your function.

Call the function from your client with TeamsFx SDK

  1. We recommend setting function endpoint and function name in environment variables. In teamsapp.local.yml file, find the action file/createOrUpdateEnvironmentFile and add new envs.

    - uses: file/createOrUpdateEnvironmentFile # Generate runtime environment variables
  with:
    target: ./.localConfigs
    envs:
      BROWSER: none
      HTTPS: true
      PORT: 53000
      SSL_CRT_FILE: ${{SSL_CRT_FILE}}
      SSL_KEY_FILE: ${{SSL_KEY_FILE}}
      REACT_APP_CLIENT_ID: ${{AAD_APP_CLIENT_ID}}
      REACT_APP_START_LOGIN_PAGE_URL: ${{TAB_ENDPOINT}}/auth-start.html
      REACT_APP_FUNC_NAME: getUserProfile
      REACT_APP_FUNC_ENDPOINT: http://localhost:7071

  2. Call your Azure Function with TeamsFx SDK.

    const functionName = process.env.REACT_APP_FUNC_NAME;
const functionEndpoint = process.env.REACT_APP_FUNC_ENDPOINT;

const teamsfx = useContext(TeamsFxContext).teamsfx
const credential = teamsfx.getCredential();
const apiClient = createApiClient(
   `${functionEndpoint}/api/`,
   new BearerTokenAuthProvider(async () => (await credential.getToken(""))!.token));
 const response = await apiClient.get(functionName);

    The createApiClient will handle the authorization header. You can find a complete React component for calling Azure Function here.

  3. Start debugging to test the logic.

Call Graph API with TeamsFx SDK

You can find a complete sample here.

  1. Install TeamsFx SDK and isomorphic-fetch, which is required by msgraph-sdk-javascript. More information

    > cd api/
> npm i @microsoft/teamsfx isomorphic-fetch

  2. Here is an example for calling the Graph API with TeamsFx SDK. We have set the environment variables in ./teamsapp.local.yml.

    import "isomorphic-fetch";
import {
  createMicrosoftGraphClientWithCredential,
  OnBehalfOfCredentialAuthConfig,
  OnBehalfOfUserCredential,
} from "@microsoft/teamsfx";

const httpTrigger: AzureFunction = async function (
  context: Context,
  req: HttpRequest,
  teamsfxContext: { [key: string]: any },
): Promise<void> {
  // Get accessToken from TeamsFxContext.
  const accessToken = teamsfxContext["AccessToken"];
  const oboAuthConfig: OnBehalfOfCredentialAuthConfig = {
    authorityHost: process.env.M365_AUTHORITY_HOST,
    tenantId: process.env.M365_TENANT_ID,
    clientId: process.env.M365_CLIENT_ID,
    clientSecret: process.env.M365_CLIENT_SECRET,
  };
  const oboCredential = new OnBehalfOfUserCredential(accessToken, oboAuthConfig);
  // Create a graph client with default scope to access user's Microsoft 365 data after user has consented.
  const graphClient = createMicrosoftGraphClientWithCredential(
    oboCredential,
    [".default"]
  );
  const profile: any = await graphClient.api("/me").get();
  context.res.body = { graphClientMessage: profile };
}

Move the application to Azure

  1. Update bicep to configure Azure Function App. You will need a Storage Account, an App Service Plan and a Function App Service. You can find the complete sample here.

    param resourceBaseName string
param functionStorageSKU string
param functionAppSKU string

param aadAppClientId string
param aadAppTenantId string
param aadAppOauthAuthorityHost string
@secure()
param aadAppClientSecret string

param location string = resourceGroup().location
param serverfarmsName string = resourceBaseName
param functionAppName string = resourceBaseName
param functionStorageName string = '${resourceBaseName}api'
var oauthAuthority = uri(aadAppOauthAuthorityHost, aadAppTenantId)

var teamsMobileOrDesktopAppClientId = '1fec8e78-bce4-4aaf-ab1b-5451cc387264'
var teamsWebAppClientId = '5e3ce6c0-2b1f-4285-8d4b-75ee78787346'
var officeWebAppClientId1 = '4345a7b9-9a63-4910-a426-35363201d503'
var officeWebAppClientId2 = '4765445b-32c6-49b0-83e6-1d93765276ca'
var outlookDesktopAppClientId = 'd3590ed6-52b3-4102-aeff-aad2292ab01c'
var outlookWebAppClientId = '00000002-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000'
var authorizedClientApplicationIds = '${teamsMobileOrDesktopAppClientId};${teamsWebAppClientId};${officeWebAppClientId1};${officeWebAppClientId2};${outlookDesktopAppClientId};${outlookWebAppClientId}'
var allowedClientApplications = '"${teamsMobileOrDesktopAppClientId}","${teamsWebAppClientId}","${officeWebAppClientId1}","${officeWebAppClientId2}","${outlookDesktopAppClientId}","${outlookWebAppClientId}"'

var tabEndpoint = ${TabAppEndpoint}
var aadApplicationIdUri = 'api://${TabAppDomain}/${aadAppClientId}'

// Compute resources for Azure Functions
resource serverfarms 'Microsoft.Web/serverfarms@2021-02-01' = {
  name: serverfarmsName
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: functionAppSKU // You can follow https://aka.ms/teamsfx-bicep-add-param-tutorial to add functionServerfarmsSku property to provisionParameters to override the default value "Y1".
  }
  properties: {}
}

// Azure Functions that hosts your function code
resource functionApp 'Microsoft.Web/sites@2021-02-01' = {
  name: functionAppName
  kind: 'functionapp'
  location: location
  properties: {
    serverFarmId: serverfarms.id
    httpsOnly: true
    siteConfig: {
      alwaysOn: true
      cors: {
        allowedOrigins: [ tabEndpoint ]
      }
      appSettings: [
        {
          name: ' AzureWebJobsDashboard'
          value: 'DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=${functionStorage.name};AccountKey=${listKeys(functionStorage.id, functionStorage.apiVersion).keys[0].value};EndpointSuffix=${environment().suffixes.storage}' // Azure Functions internal setting
        }
        {
          name: 'AzureWebJobsStorage'
          value: 'DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=${functionStorage.name};AccountKey=${listKeys(functionStorage.id, functionStorage.apiVersion).keys[0].value};EndpointSuffix=${environment().suffixes.storage}' // Azure Functions internal setting
        }
        {
          name: 'FUNCTIONS_EXTENSION_VERSION'
          value: '~4' // Use Azure Functions runtime v4
        }
        {
          name: 'FUNCTIONS_WORKER_RUNTIME'
          value: 'node' // Set runtime to NodeJS
        }
        {
          name: 'WEBSITE_CONTENTAZUREFILECONNECTIONSTRING'
          value: 'DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=${storage.name};AccountKey=${listKeys(storage.id, storage.apiVersion).keys[0].value};EndpointSuffix=${environment().suffixes.storage}' // Azure Functions internal setting
        }
        {
          name: 'WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE'
          value: '1' // Run Azure Functions from a package file
        }
        {
          name: 'WEBSITE_NODE_DEFAULT_VERSION'
          value: '~16' // Set NodeJS version to 16.x
        }
        {
          name: 'M365_CLIENT_ID'
          value: aadAppClientId
        }
        {
          name: 'M365_CLIENT_SECRET'
          value: aadAppClientSecret
        }
        {
          name: 'M365_TENANT_ID'
          value: aadAppTenantId
        }
        {
          name: 'M365_AUTHORITY_HOST'
          value: aadAppOauthAuthorityHost
        }
        {
          name: 'M365_APPLICATION_ID_URI'
          value: aadApplicationIdUri
        }
        {
          name: 'WEBSITE_AUTH_AAD_ACL'
          value: '{"allowed_client_applications": [${allowedClientApplications}]}'
        }
      ]
      ftpsState: 'FtpsOnly'
    }
  }
}
var apiEndpoint = 'https://${functionApp.properties.defaultHostName}'

resource authSettings 'Microsoft.Web/sites/config@2021-02-01' = {
  name: '${functionApp.name}/authsettings'
  properties: {
    enabled: true
    defaultProvider: 'AzureActiveDirectory'
    clientId: aadAppClientId
    issuer: '${oauthAuthority}/v2.0'
    allowedAudiences: [
      aadAppClientId
      aadApplicationIdUri
    ]
  }
}

// Azure Storage is required when creating Azure Functions instance
resource functionStorage 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts@2021-06-01' = {
  name: functionStorageName
  kind: 'StorageV2'
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: functionStorageSKU// You can follow https://aka.ms/teamsfx-bicep-add-param-tutorial to add functionStorageSKUproperty to provisionParameters to override the default value "Standard_LRS".
  }
}

// The output will be persisted in .env.{envName}. Visit https://aka.ms/teamsfx-actions/arm-deploy for more details.
output API_FUNCTION_ENDPOINT string = apiEndpoint
output API_FUNCTION_RESOURCE_ID string = functionApp.id

    Add new parameters in azure.parameter.json file.

    {
  "parameters": {
    "aadAppClientId": {
      "value": "${{AAD_APP_CLIENT_ID}}"
    },
    "aadAppClientSecret": {
      "value": "${{SECRET_AAD_APP_CLIENT_SECRET}}"
    },
    "aadAppTenantId": {
      "value": "${{AAD_APP_TENANT_ID}}"
    },
    "aadAppOauthAuthorityHost": {
      "value": "${{AAD_APP_OAUTH_AUTHORITY_HOST}}"
    },
    "functionAppSKU": {
      "value": "B1"
    },
    "functionStorageSKU": {
      "value": "Standard_LRS"
    }
  }
}

  2. Run Teams: Provision in the cloud command in Visual Studio Code to apply the bicep to Azure.

  3. Add new actions in teamsapp.yaml to setup deployment. You can find the complete sample here

    deploy:
  - uses: cli/runNpmCommand # Run npm command
    with:
      workingDirectory: ./api
      args: install
  - uses: cli/runNpmCommand # Run npm command
    with:
      workingDirectory: ./api
      args: run build --if-present
  - uses: azureFunctions/deploy
    with:
      # deploy base folder
      artifactFolder: ./api
      # the resource id of the cloud resource to be deployed to
      resourceId: ${{API_FUNCTION_RESOURCE_ID}}

  4. Add function name and function endpoint to tab app's environment, so that your tab app can call your function http trigger.

    deploy:
  - uses: cli/runNpmCommand # Run npm command
    env:
      REACT_APP_CLIENT_ID: ${{AAD_APP_CLIENT_ID}}
      REACT_APP_START_LOGIN_PAGE_URL: ${{TAB_ENDPOINT}}/auth-start.html
      REACT_APP_FUNC_NAME: getUserProfile
      REACT_APP_FUNC_ENDPOINT: ${{API_FUNCTION_ENDPOINT}}

  5. Run Teams: Deploy to cloud command in Visual Studio Code to deploy your Tab app code to Azure.

  6. Open the Run and Debug Activity Panel and select Launch Remote (Edge) or Launch Remote (Chrome). Press F5 to preview your Teams app.

What's next

Build Apps for Microsoft Teams | Build or Extend Microsoft Copilot for Microsoft 365 | Microsoft 365 Platform Blogs | Microsoft 365 Developer YouTube Channel

Build Custom Engine Copilots

Scenario-based Tutorials

Extend your app across Microsoft 365

App settings and Microsoft Entra Apps

Configure multiple capabilities

Add Authentication to your app

Connect to cloud resources

Deploy apps to production

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