v0.32.4

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -23,6 +23,23 @@ Classify the change according to the following categories:
     ### Deprecated
     ### Removed
 
+## Develop
+### Changed
+- Changed unit test expected values due to update to PVWatts v8, which slightly changed expected PV production factors.
+- Changed **fuel_avail_gal** default to 1e9 for on-grid scenarios (same as off-grid)
+### Fixed
+- Corrected `Generator` **installed_cost_per_kw** from 500 to 650 if **only_runs_during_grid_outage** is _true_ or 800 if _false_
+
+## v0.32.4
+### Changed
+- Consolidated PVWatts API calls to 1 call (previously 3 separate calls existed). API call occurs in `src/core/utils.jl/call_pvwatts_api()`. This function is called for PV in `src/core/production_factor.jl/get_production_factor(PV)` and for GHP in `src/core/scenario.jl`. If GHP and PV are evaluated together, the GHP PVWatts call for ambient temperature is also used to assign the pv.production_factor_series in Scenario.jl so that the PVWatts API does not get called again downstream in `get_production_factor(PV)`.  
+- In `src/core/utils.jl/call_pvwatts_api()`, updated NSRDB bounds used in PVWatts query (now includes southern New Zealand)
+- Updated PV Watts version from v6 to v8. PVWatts V8 updates the weather data to 2020 TMY data from the NREL NSRDB for locations covered by the database. (The NSRDB weather data used in PVWatts V6 is from around 2015.) See other differences at https://developer.nrel.gov/docs/solar/pvwatts/.
+- Made PV struct mutable: This allows for assigning pv.production_factor_series when calling PVWatts for GHP, to avoid a extra PVWatts calls later.
+### Fixed
+- Issue with using a leap year with a URDB rate - the URDB rate was creating energy_rate of length 8784 instead of intended 8760
+- Don't double add adjustments to urdb rates with non-standard units 
+
 ## v0.32.3
 ### Fixed
 - Calculate **num_battery_bins** default in `backup_reliability.jl` based on battery duration to prevent significant discretization error (and add test)

Project.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name = "REopt"
 uuid = "d36ad4e8-d74a-4f7a-ace1-eaea049febf6"
 authors = ["Nick Laws", "Hallie Dunham <[email protected]>", "Bill Becker <[email protected]>", "Bhavesh Rathod <[email protected]>", "Alex Zolan <[email protected]>", "Amanda Farthing <[email protected]>"]
-version = "0.32.3"
+version = "0.32.4"
 
 [deps]
 ArchGDAL = "c9ce4bd3-c3d5-55b8-8973-c0e20141b8c3"

src/core/generator.jl

@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@
 """
 `Generator` is an optional REopt input with the following keys and default values:
 ```julia
+    only_runs_during_grid_outage::Bool = true,
     existing_kw::Real = 0,
     min_kw::Real = 0,
     max_kw::Real = 1.0e6,
-    installed_cost_per_kw::Real = 500.0,
+    installed_cost_per_kw::Real = only_runs_during_grid_outage ? 650.0 : 800.0,
     om_cost_per_kw::Real = off_grid_flag ? 20.0 : 10.0,
     om_cost_per_kwh::Real = 0.0,
     fuel_cost_per_gallon::Real = 3.0,
     electric_efficiency_full_load::Real = 0.3233,
     electric_efficiency_half_load::Real = electric_efficiency_full_load,
-    fuel_avail_gal::Real = off_grid_flag ? 1.0e9 : 660.0,
+    fuel_avail_gal::Real = 1.0e9,
     fuel_higher_heating_value_kwh_per_gal::Real = 40.7,
     min_turn_down_fraction::Real = off_grid_flag ? 0.15 : 0.0,
-    only_runs_during_grid_outage::Bool = true,
     sells_energy_back_to_grid::Bool = false,
     can_net_meter::Bool = false,
     can_wholesale::Bool = false,
@@ -125,19 +125,19 @@ struct Generator <: AbstractGenerator
     function Generator(;
         off_grid_flag::Bool = false,
         analysis_years::Int = 25, 
+        only_runs_during_grid_outage::Bool = true,
         existing_kw::Real = 0,
         min_kw::Real = 0,
         max_kw::Real = 1.0e6,
-        installed_cost_per_kw::Real = 500.0,
+        installed_cost_per_kw::Real = only_runs_during_grid_outage ? 650.0 : 800.0,
         om_cost_per_kw::Real= off_grid_flag ? 20.0 : 10.0,
         om_cost_per_kwh::Real = 0.0,
         fuel_cost_per_gallon::Real = 3.0,
         electric_efficiency_full_load::Real = 0.3233,
         electric_efficiency_half_load::Real = electric_efficiency_full_load,
-        fuel_avail_gal::Real = off_grid_flag ? 1.0e9 : 660.0,
+        fuel_avail_gal::Real = 1.0e9,
         fuel_higher_heating_value_kwh_per_gal::Real = KWH_PER_GAL_DIESEL,
         min_turn_down_fraction::Real = off_grid_flag ? 0.15 : 0.0,
-        only_runs_during_grid_outage::Bool = true,
         sells_energy_back_to_grid::Bool = false,
         can_net_meter::Bool = false,
         can_wholesale::Bool = false,

src/core/production_factor.jl

@@ -35,44 +35,13 @@ function get_production_factor(pv::PV, latitude::Real, longitude::Real; timefram
         return pv.production_factor_series
     end
 
-    # Check if site is beyond the bounds of the NRSDB dataset. If so, use the international dataset.
-    dataset = "nsrdb"
-    if longitude < -179.5 || longitude > -21.0 || latitude < -21.5 || latitude > 60.0
-        if longitude < 81.5 || longitude > 179.5 || latitude < -43.8 || latitude > 60.0 
-            if longitude < 67.0 || longitude > 81.5 || latitude < -43.8 || latitude > 38.0
-                dataset = "intl"
-            end
-        end
-    end
+    watts, ambient_temp_celcius = call_pvwatts_api(latitude, longitude; tilt=pv.tilt, azimuth=pv.azimuth, module_type=pv.module_type, 
+        array_type=pv.array_type, losses=round(pv.losses*100, digits=3), dc_ac_ratio=pv.dc_ac_ratio,
+        gcr=pv.gcr, inv_eff=pv.inv_eff*100, timeframe=timeframe, radius=pv.radius,
+        time_steps_per_hour=time_steps_per_hour)
 
-    url = string("https://developer.nrel.gov/api/pvwatts/v6.json", "?api_key=", nrel_developer_key,
-        "&lat=", latitude , "&lon=", longitude, "&tilt=", pv.tilt,
-        "&system_capacity=1", "&azimuth=", pv.azimuth, "&module_type=", pv.module_type,
-        "&array_type=", pv.array_type, "&losses=", round(pv.losses*100, digits=3), "&dc_ac_ratio=", pv.dc_ac_ratio,
-        "&gcr=", pv.gcr, "&inv_eff=", pv.inv_eff*100, "&timeframe=", timeframe, "&dataset=", dataset,
-        "&radius=", pv.radius
-    )
+    return watts
 
-    try
-        @info "Querying PVWatts for production_factor with " pv.name
-        r = HTTP.get(url, keepalive=true, readtimeout=10)
-        @info "Response received from PVWatts"
-        response = JSON.parse(String(r.body))
-        if r.status != 200
-            throw(@error("Bad response from PVWatts: $(response["errors"])"))
-        end
-        @info "PVWatts success."
-        watts = collect(get(response["outputs"], "ac", []) / 1000)  # scale to 1 kW system (* 1 kW / 1000 W)
-        if length(watts) != 8760
-            throw(@error("PVWatts did not return a valid production factor. Got $watts"))
-        end
-        if time_steps_per_hour > 1
-            watts = repeat(watts, inner=time_steps_per_hour)
-        end
-        return watts
-    catch e
-        throw(@error("Error occurred when calling PVWatts: $e"))
-    end
 end
 
 

src/core/pv.jl

@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
     array_type::Int=1, # PV Watts array type (0: Ground Mount Fixed (Open Rack); 1: Rooftop, Fixed; 2: Ground Mount 1-Axis Tracking; 3 : 1-Axis Backtracking; 4: Ground Mount, 2-Axis Tracking)
     tilt::Real= array_type == 1 ? 10 : abs(latitude), # tilt = 10 deg for rooftop systems, abs(lat) for ground-mount
     module_type::Int=0, # PV module type (0: Standard; 1: Premium; 2: Thin Film)
-    losses::Real=0.14,
+    losses::Real=0.14, # System losses
     azimuth::Real = latitude≥0 ? 180 : 0, # set azimuth to zero for southern hemisphere
-    gcr::Real=0.4,
-    radius::Int=0,
-    name::String="PV",
-    location::String="both",
+    gcr::Real=0.4,  # Ground coverage ratio
+    radius::Int=0, # Radius, in miles, to use when searching for the closest climate data station. Use zero to use the closest station regardless of the distance
+    name::String="PV", # for use with multiple pvs 
+    location::String="both", # one of ["roof", "ground", "both"]
     existing_kw::Real=0,
     min_kw::Real=0,
     max_kw::Real=1.0e9,
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
     If `azimuth` is not provided, then it is set to 180 if the site is in the northern hemisphere and 0 if in the southern hemisphere.
 
 """
-struct PV <: AbstractTech
+mutable struct PV <: AbstractTech
     tilt
     array_type
     module_type
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ struct PV <: AbstractTech
         acres_per_kw::Real=6e-3,
         inv_eff::Real=0.96,
         dc_ac_ratio::Real=1.2,
-        production_factor_series::Union{Nothing, Array{Real,1}} = nothing,
+        production_factor_series::Union{Nothing, Array{<:Real,1}} = nothing,
         federal_itc_fraction::Real = 0.3,
         federal_rebate_per_kw::Real = 0.0,
         state_ibi_fraction::Real = 0.0,

src/core/scenario.jl

@@ -454,37 +454,27 @@ function Scenario(d::Dict; flex_hvac_from_json=false)
             number_of_ghpghx = length(d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"])
         end
         # Call PVWatts for hourly dry-bulb outdoor air temperature
-        ambient_temperature_f = []
+        ambient_temp_degF = []
         if !haskey(d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][1], "ambient_temperature_f") || isempty(d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][1]["ambient_temperature_f"])
-            url = string("https://developer.nrel.gov/api/pvwatts/v6.json", "?api_key=", nrel_developer_key,
-                    "&lat=", d["Site"]["latitude"] , "&lon=", d["Site"]["longitude"], "&tilt=", d["Site"]["latitude"],
-                    "&system_capacity=1", "&azimuth=", 180, "&module_type=", 0,
-                    "&array_type=", 0, "&losses=", 0.14, "&dc_ac_ratio=", 1.1,
-                    "&gcr=", 0.4, "&inv_eff=", 99, "&timeframe=", "hourly", "&dataset=nsrdb",
-                    "&radius=", 100)
-            try
-                @info "Querying PVWatts for ambient temperature"
-                r = HTTP.get(url)
-                response = JSON.parse(String(r.body))
-                if r.status != 200
-                    throw(@error("Bad response from PVWatts: $(response["errors"])"))
+            # If PV is evaluated and we need to call PVWatts for ambient temperature, assign PV production factor here too with the same call
+            # By assigning pv.production_factor_series here, it will skip the PVWatts call in get_production_factor(PV) call from reopt_input.jl
+            if !isempty(pvs)
+                for pv in pvs
+                    pv.production_factor_series, ambient_temp_celcius = call_pvwatts_api(site.latitude, site.longitude; tilt=pv.tilt, azimuth=pv.azimuth, module_type=pv.module_type, 
+                        array_type=pv.array_type, losses=round(pv.losses*100, digits=3), dc_ac_ratio=pv.dc_ac_ratio,
+                        gcr=pv.gcr, inv_eff=pv.inv_eff*100, timeframe="hourly", radius=pv.radius, time_steps_per_hour=settings.time_steps_per_hour)
                 end
-                @info "PVWatts success."
-                temp_c = get(response["outputs"], "tamb", [])
-                if length(temp_c) != 8760 || isempty(temp_c)
-                    throw(@error("PVWatts did not return a valid temperature profile. Got $temp_c"))
-                end
-                ambient_temperature_f = temp_c * 1.8 .+ 32.0
-            catch e
-                throw(@error("Error occurred when calling PVWatts: $e"))
+            else
+                pv_prodfactor, ambient_temp_celcius = call_pvwatts_api(site.latitude, site.longitude; time_steps_per_hour=settings.time_steps_per_hour)    
             end
+            ambient_temp_degF = ambient_temp_celcius * 1.8 .+ 32.0
         else
-            ambient_temperature_f = d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][1]["ambient_temperature_f"]
+            ambient_temp_degF = d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][1]["ambient_temperature_f"]
         end
 
         for i in 1:number_of_ghpghx
             ghpghx_inputs = d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][i]
-            d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][i]["ambient_temperature_f"] = ambient_temperature_f
+            d["GHP"]["ghpghx_inputs"][i]["ambient_temperature_f"] = ambient_temp_degF
             # Only SpaceHeating portion of Heating Load gets served by GHP, unless allowed by can_serve_dhw
             if get(ghpghx_inputs, "heating_thermal_load_mmbtu_per_hr", []) in [nothing, []]
                 if haskey(d["GHP"], "can_serve_dhw") && d["GHP"]["can_serve_dhw"]

src/core/site.jl

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Inputs related to the physical location:
     longitude::Real, 
     land_acres::Union{Real, Nothing} = nothing, # acres of land available for PV panels and/or Wind turbines. Constraint applied separately to PV and Wind, meaning the two technologies are assumed to be able to be co-located.
     roof_squarefeet::Union{Real, Nothing} = nothing,
-    min_resil_time_steps::Int=0,
+    min_resil_time_steps::Int=0, # The minimum number consecutive timesteps that load must be fully met once an outage begins. Only applies to multiple outage modeling using inputs outage_start_time_steps and outage_durations.
     mg_tech_sizes_equal_grid_sizes::Bool = true,
     node::Int = 1,
     CO2_emissions_reduction_min_fraction::Union{Float64, Nothing} = nothing,

src/core/urdb.jl

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ function URDBrate(urdb_response::Dict, year::Int; time_steps_per_hour=1)
     n_monthly_demand_tiers, monthly_demand_tier_limits, monthly_demand_rates,
       n_tou_demand_tiers, tou_demand_tier_limits, tou_demand_rates, tou_demand_ratchet_time_steps =
       parse_demand_rates(urdb_response, year, time_steps_per_hour=time_steps_per_hour)
-
+    
     energy_rates, energy_tier_limits, n_energy_tiers, sell_rates = 
         parse_urdb_energy_costs(urdb_response, year; time_steps_per_hour=time_steps_per_hour)
 
@@ -270,6 +270,9 @@ function parse_urdb_energy_costs(d::Dict, year::Int; time_steps_per_hour=1, bigM
 
         for month in range(1, stop=12)
             n_days = daysinmonth(Date(string(year) * "-" * string(month)))
+            if month == 2 && isleapyear(year)
+                n_days -= 1
+            end
 
             for day in range(1, stop=n_days)
 
@@ -292,10 +295,12 @@ function parse_urdb_energy_costs(d::Dict, year::Int; time_steps_per_hour=1, bigM
                     end
                     if non_kwh_units
                         rate = rate_average
+                        total_rate = rate 
                     else
                         rate = get(d["energyratestructure"][period][tier_use], "rate", 0)
+                        total_rate = rate + get(d["energyratestructure"][period][tier_use], "adj", 0)
                     end
-                    total_rate = rate + get(d["energyratestructure"][period][tier_use], "adj", 0)
+
                     sell = get(d["energyratestructure"][period][tier_use], "sell", 0)
 
                     for step in range(1, stop=time_steps_per_hour)  # repeat hourly rates intrahour

src/core/utils.jl

@@ -377,54 +377,57 @@ function generate_year_profile_hourly(year::Int64, consecutive_periods::Abstract
 end
 
 
-function get_ambient_temperature(latitude::Real, longitude::Real; timeframe="hourly")
-    url = string("https://developer.nrel.gov/api/pvwatts/v6.json", "?api_key=", nrel_developer_key,
-        "&lat=", latitude , "&lon=", longitude, "&tilt=", latitude,
-        "&system_capacity=1", "&azimuth=", 180, "&module_type=", 0,
-        "&array_type=", 0, "&losses=", 14,
-        "&timeframe=", timeframe, "&dataset=nsrdb"
-    )
-
-    try
-        @info "Querying PVWatts for ambient temperature... "
-        r = HTTP.get(url)
-        response = JSON.parse(String(r.body))
-        if r.status != 200
-            throw(@error("Bad response from PVWatts: $(response["errors"])"))
-        end
-        @info "PVWatts success."
-        tamb = collect(get(response["outputs"], "tamb", []))  # Celcius
-        if length(tamb) != 8760
-            throw(@error("PVWatts did not return a valid temperature. Got $tamb"))
+"""
+    call_pvwatts_api(latitude::Real, longitude::Real; tilt=latitude, azimuth=180, module_type=0, array_type=1, 
+        losses=14, dc_ac_ratio=1.2, gcr=0.4, inv_eff=96, timeframe="hourly", radius=0, time_steps_per_hour=1)
+This calls the PVWatts API and returns both:
+ - PV production factor
+ - Ambient outdoor air dry bulb temperature profile [Celcius] 
+"""
+function call_pvwatts_api(latitude::Real, longitude::Real; tilt=latitude, azimuth=180, module_type=0, array_type=1, 
+    losses=14, dc_ac_ratio=1.2, gcr=0.4, inv_eff=96, timeframe="hourly", radius=0, time_steps_per_hour=1)
+    # Check if site is beyond the bounds of the NRSDB TMY dataset. If so, use the international dataset.
+    dataset = "nsrdb"
+    if longitude < -179.5 || longitude > -21.0 || latitude < -21.5 || latitude > 60.0
+        if longitude < 81.5 || longitude > 179.5 || latitude < -60.0 || latitude > 60.0 
+            if longitude < 67.0 || latitude < -40.0 || latitude > 38.0
+                dataset = "intl"
+            end
         end
-        return tamb
-    catch e
-        throw(@error("Error occurred when calling PVWatts: $e"))
     end
-end
-
-
-function get_pvwatts_prodfactor(latitude::Real, longitude::Real; timeframe="hourly")
-    url = string("https://developer.nrel.gov/api/pvwatts/v6.json", "?api_key=", nrel_developer_key,
-        "&lat=", latitude , "&lon=", longitude, "&tilt=", latitude,
-        "&system_capacity=1", "&azimuth=", 180, "&module_type=", 0,
-        "&array_type=", 0, "&losses=", 14,
-        "&timeframe=", timeframe, "&dataset=nsrdb"
-    )
+    url = string("https://developer.nrel.gov/api/pvwatts/v8.json", "?api_key=", nrel_developer_key,
+        "&lat=", latitude , "&lon=", longitude, "&tilt=", tilt,
+        "&system_capacity=1", "&azimuth=", azimuth, "&module_type=", module_type,
+        "&array_type=", array_type, "&losses=", losses, "&dc_ac_ratio=", dc_ac_ratio,
+        "&gcr=", gcr, "&inv_eff=", inv_eff, "&timeframe=", timeframe, "&dataset=", dataset,
+        "&radius=", radius
+        )
 
     try
-        @info "Querying PVWatts for production factor of 1 kW system with tilt set to latitude... "
-        r = HTTP.get(url)
+        @info "Querying PVWatts for production factor and ambient air temperature... "
+        r = HTTP.get(url, keepalive=true, readtimeout=10)
         response = JSON.parse(String(r.body))
         if r.status != 200
             throw(@error("Bad response from PVWatts: $(response["errors"])"))
         end
         @info "PVWatts success."
+        # Get both possible data of interest
         watts = collect(get(response["outputs"], "ac", []) / 1000)  # scale to 1 kW system (* 1 kW / 1000 W)
+        tamb_celcius = collect(get(response["outputs"], "tamb", []))  # Celcius
+        # Validate outputs
         if length(watts) != 8760
             throw(@error("PVWatts did not return a valid prodfactor. Got $watts"))
         end
-        return watts
+        # Validate tamb_celcius
+        if length(tamb_celcius) != 8760
+            throw(@error("PVWatts did not return a valid temperature. Got $tamb_celcius"))
+        end 
+        # Upsample or downsample based on model time_steps_per_hour
+        if time_steps_per_hour > 1
+            watts = repeat(watts, inner=time_steps_per_hour)
+            tamb_celcius = repeat(tamb_celcius, inner=time_steps_per_hour)
+        end
+        return watts, tamb_celcius
     catch e
         throw(@error("Error occurred when calling PVWatts: $e"))
     end

src/mpc/structs.jl

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ function MPCGenerator(;
     fuel_cost_per_gallon::Real = 3.0,
     electric_efficiency_full_load::Real = 0.3233,
     electric_efficiency_half_load::Real = electric_efficiency_full_load,
-    fuel_avail_gal::Real = 660.0,
+    fuel_avail_gal::Real = 1.0e9,
     fuel_higher_heating_value_kwh_per_gal::Real = KWH_PER_GAL_DIESEL,
     min_turn_down_fraction::Real = 0.0,  # TODO change this to non-zero value
     only_runs_during_grid_outage::Bool = true,
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ struct MPCGenerator <: AbstractGenerator
         fuel_cost_per_gallon::Real = 3.0,
         electric_efficiency_full_load::Real = 0.3233,
         electric_efficiency_half_load::Real = electric_efficiency_full_load,
-        fuel_avail_gal::Real = 660.0,
+        fuel_avail_gal::Real = 1.0e9,
         fuel_higher_heating_value_kwh_per_gal::Real = KWH_PER_GAL_DIESEL,
         min_turn_down_fraction::Real = 0.0,  # TODO change this to non-zero value
         only_runs_during_grid_outage::Bool = true,