Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT #235

adfarth · 2023-06-23T20:59:07Z

Changed

Change default source for CO2 grid emissions values to NREL's Cambium 2022 Database (by default: CO2e, long-run marginal emissions rates levelized (averaged) over the analysis period, assuming start year 2024). Add new emissions inputs and call to Cambium API in src/core/electric_utility.jl. Include option for user to use AVERT data for CO2 using co2_from_avert boolian.
Update electric_utility emissions_region to avert_emissions_region and distance_to_emissions_region_meters to distance_to_avert_emissions_region_meters.
Update default emissions_factor_XXX_decrease_fraction (where XXX is CO2, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5) from 0.01174 to 0.02163 based on Cambium 2022 Mid-Case scenario, LRMER CO2e (Combustion+Precombustion) 2024-2049 projected values. CO2 projected decrease defaults to 0 if Cambium data are used for CO2 (Cambium API call will levelize values).
Update AVERT emissions data to v4.1, which uses Regional Data Files (RDFs) for year 2022. Data is saved in data/emissions/AVERT_Data. For Alaska and Hawaii (regions AKGD, HIMS, HIOA), updated eGRID data to eGRID2021 datafile and adjusted CO2 values to CO2e values to align with default used for Cambium data.
Updated default fuel emissions factors from CO2 to CO2-equivalent (CO2e) values. In src/core/generator.jl, updated emissions_factor_lb_CO2_per_gal from 22.51 to 22.58. In src/REopt.jl updated emissions_factor_lb_CO2_per_mmbtu => Dict(
"natural_gas"=>116.9 to 117.03,
"landfill_bio_gas"=>114,8 to 115.38,
"propane"=>138.6 to 139.16,
"diesel_oil"=>163.1 to 163.61
)
Changed all annual emissions results to simple annual averages (lifecycle emissions divided by analysis_years). This is because the default climate emissions from Cambium are already levelized over the analysis horizon and therefore "year_one" emissions cannot be easily obtained.

Added

In src/REopt.jl, added cambium_emissions_profile as an export for use via the REopt_API.
In src/results/electric_utility.jl cambium_emissions_region

Fixed

Adjust grid emissions profiles for day of week alignment with load_year.
In test_with_xpress.jl, updated "Emissions and Renewable Energy Percent" expected values to account for load year adjustment.
In src/core/electric_utility.jl, error when user-provided emissions series does not match timestep per hour, as is done in other cases of incorrect user-provided data.

using Cambium instead of AVERT for CO2 emissions by default

Based on Cambium 2022 Mid-Case Scenario, LRMER CO2e (Combustion+Precombustion) 2024-2049 values

no longer an output under Site

under ElectricUtility

end use or busbar

This will prevent a Cambium API call with each unit test

For tests: - changed "region_abbreviation" to "avert_region_abbreviation" - Updated RE and Emissions expected values to account for alignment between load year and emissions year (tested with assumed AVERT emissions year of 2017 to ensure that this is why the emissions values changed) - Added 0 grid emissions to scenario.jl when off_grid_flag is true

should help with test stability

zolanaj

Thanks for this @adfarth! I've trued a few different locations including slightly-offshore locations within 5 miles of an AVERT region and things generally look good. I have one clarifying question and a few comments throughout which I tried to directly address. Assuming tests past and you agree with the edits, this is ok to merge.

zolanaj · 2024-02-28T16:34:23Z

src/REopt.jl

    "emissions_factor_lb_CO2_per_mmbtu" => Dict(
-        "natural_gas"=>116.9,
-        "landfill_bio_gas"=>114.8,
-        "propane"=>138.6,
-        "diesel_oil"=>163.1
+        "natural_gas"=>117.03,
+        "landfill_bio_gas"=>115.38,
+        "propane"=>139.16,
+        "diesel_oil"=>163.61


These numbers match the PR description but regarding the migration to CO2-equivalent emissions: the costs in the objective function for NOx here is health-related only like the two non-GHG pollutants (SO2 and PM25), is that correct? That would ensure we aren't double-counting if NOx is included in the CO2e calculation as it's an indirect GHG.

@zolanaj Yes, the NOx cost equation only accounts for health-related costs that are a direct result of the emissions (rather than health outcomes from climate change).

However, isn't CO2e a combination of CO2, CH4, and N2O (which is not a subset of NOx emissions?)?

@adfarth Yes, that matches my understanding of CO2e calculation too. I think the net-positive global warming impact is NOx triggering reactions in the atmosphere to make ozone at certain concentrations, and only molecules that directly trap heat are considered in the CO2e calculation. Sounds like we are on the same page here, thanks for confirming!

zolanaj · 2024-02-28T16:35:07Z

src/REopt.jl

+        "natural_gas"=>117.03,
+        "landfill_bio_gas"=>115.38,
+        "propane"=>139.16,
+        "diesel_oil"=>163.61
    ),


The other potentially obnoxious comment: is it worth changing CO2 to CO2e in the expressions and results?

As discussed we will bring this up in our next dev meeting. Will involve a breaking change to inputs and outputs

zolanaj · 2024-02-28T17:04:14Z

src/REopt.jl

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ export
    get_steam_turbine_defaults_size_class,
    simulated_load,
    get_absorption_chiller_defaults,
-    emissions_profiles,
+    avert_emissions_profiles,


Just a note that this change should be added to the Changelog entry

added in ab3ae64

zolanaj · 2024-02-28T18:36:01Z

src/results/electric_utility.jl

+        r["avert_emissions_region"] = p.s.electric_utility.avert_emissions_region
+        r["distance_to_avert_emissions_region_meters"] = p.s.electric_utility.distance_to_avert_emissions_region_meters


Add these naming changes changes to the changelog entry as well.

@zolanaj The change to avert_emissions_region and distance_to_avert_emissions_region_meters are already in there, and the mention of the change in calculation to the annual_... outputs are as well. Did I miss something else?

Nope, these are good! I edited the changelog for some of these comments and neglected to mention that in the commits I pushed, thanks for filling in blanks!

Oh thank you!

zolanaj · 2024-02-29T19:49:51Z

src/core/electric_utility.jl

+        emissions_factor_NOx_decrease_fraction::Real = 0.02163, 
+        emissions_factor_SO2_decrease_fraction::Real = 0.02163,
+        emissions_factor_PM25_decrease_fraction::Real = 0.02163,
        )


Since this is an assumption used elsewhere in the code and in testing, and is likely to be updated as often as yearly, I'll recommend we add this as a dictionary in the defaults the way we do for FUEL_DEFAULTS (same for CO2e above

zolanaj · 2024-02-29T21:43:47Z

test/runtests.jl

+            @test scen.electric_utility.cambium_emissions_region == "RMPAc"
+            @test sum(scen.electric_utility.emissions_factor_series_lb_CO2_per_kwh) / 8760 ≈ 0.394608 rtol=1e-3
+            @test scen.electric_utility.emissions_factor_series_lb_CO2_per_kwh[1] ≈ 0.677942 rtol=1e-4 # Should start on Friday
+            @test scen.electric_utility.emissions_factor_series_lb_CO2_per_kwh[8760] ≈ 0.6598207198 rtol=1e-5 # Should end on Friday 
+            @test sum(scen.electric_utility.emissions_factor_series_lb_SO2_per_kwh) / 8760 ≈ 0.00061165 rtol=1e-5 # check avg from AVERT data for RM region


I'm adding a few additional tests here and in the non-CONUS locations for things like the avert and cambium region ID's returned. Will the values here change with future defaults, or can we keep legacy files and refer to them in older model years? I ask only because I wonder if these test values will change if we refresh AVERT numbers.

@zolanaj Thank you for adding tests!

Yes, with this setup many of the test values will change with future updates to default values, for either changes in the Cambium data or AVERT data. I probably should set these tests up to not do that, but may punt on that unless you think it's high priority for this PR!

@adfarth Punt away! The new tests are for things like region detection which should be (more) stable, and I didn't see an easy way of pulling the test value from the data files so I punted on that myself in the review.

zolanaj · 2024-02-29T21:46:12Z

test/test_with_xpress.jl

@@ -1519,7 +1560,7 @@ end
            @test results["HotThermalStorage"]["size_gal"] ≈ 50000 atol=1e1
            @test results["ColdThermalStorage"]["size_gal"] ≈ 30000 atol=1e1
            yr1_nat_gas_mmbtu = results["ExistingBoiler"]["annual_fuel_consumption_mmbtu"] + results["CHP"]["annual_fuel_consumption_mmbtu"]
-            nat_gas_emissions_lb_per_mmbtu = Dict("CO2"=>116.9, "NOx"=>0.09139, "SO2"=>0.000578592, "PM25"=>0.007328833)
+            nat_gas_emissions_lb_per_mmbtu = Dict("CO2"=>117.03, "NOx"=>0.09139, "SO2"=>0.000578592, "PM25"=>0.007328833)
            TONNE_PER_LB = 1/2204.62
            @test results["Site"]["annual_emissions_from_fuelburn_tonnes_CO2"] ≈ nat_gas_emissions_lb_per_mmbtu["CO2"] * yr1_nat_gas_mmbtu * TONNE_PER_LB atol=1
            @test results["Site"]["annual_emissions_from_fuelburn_tonnes_NOx"] ≈ nat_gas_emissions_lb_per_mmbtu["NOx"] * yr1_nat_gas_mmbtu * TONNE_PER_LB atol=1e-2


just a note that we'll need to refresh these tests in runtests.jl once they are moved back into the GitHub actions (after indicator constraints are worked around for solvers that cannot handle them). I'll add a TODO in runtests.jl for this.

adfarth · 2024-03-04T20:10:10Z

src/REopt.jl

@@ -96,6 +97,12 @@ const FUEL_DEFAULTS = Dict(
        "diesel_oil"=>0.0
    )
 )
+const EMISSIONS_DECREASE_DEFAULTS = Dict(


Thanks for adding this!

Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT

start descriptions

5744ba1

adfarth added this to the v1.0.0 release milestone Jun 23, 2023

This was linked to issues Jun 23, 2023

Switch from AVERT data to Cambium API #145

Open

update default emissions % increase to use Cambium 2021 data #163

Open

adfarth added 26 commits June 29, 2023 14:08

some initial changes

b821ea9

initial commit for cambium integration

14cba62

using Cambium instead of AVERT for CO2 emissions by default

include off_grid_flag in ElectricUtility call when true

9388d7d

include other struct inputs to ElectricUtility when key not provided

7bef890

pass include_health_in_obj to Financial when key not provided

e3ac9ff

update default projected emissions decrease

40e58d0

Based on Cambium 2022 Mid-Case Scenario, LRMER CO2e (Combustion+Precombustion) 2024-2049 values

remove grid emissions from Site key for BAU runs

cb2470b

no longer an output under Site

combine AVERT functions, align emissions with load year

2b054fb

add cambium emissions region as output

8b69e81

under ElectricUtility

update help text

cd3a60e

make grid_level an input

08af697

end use or busbar

add auto adjust for emissions series if 8760 and ts > 1

d341165

Update electric_utility.jl

cd7a519

update tests with co2_from_avert = true

9e6f97b

This will prevent a Cambium API call with each unit test

add cambium_emissions_profile to REopt exports

1b9812f

Update runtests.jl

79cfc21

Merge branch 'develop' into cambium

cbad810

Merge branch 'develop' into cambium

81ed59a

Merge branch 'develop' into cambium

c584dfa

set emissions to zero for areas outside of AVERT

1bce45d

zero emissions for international

e9f20d6

temporary avoiding Cambium API call

4bd8190

temporary avoiding of Cambium call

2b58410

Update electric_utility.jl

49d577c

account for HI and AK

80090de

Bill-Becker force-pushed the develop branch from b77814e to b528862 Compare January 30, 2024 04:46

Bill-Becker force-pushed the cambium branch from 3e3b219 to 30530fe Compare January 30, 2024 04:46

adfarth added 2 commits January 31, 2024 10:21

Update runtests.jl

85f3308

small updates to changelog and notes

bd1b3a4

adfarth marked this pull request as ready for review February 1, 2024 14:37

adfarth added 4 commits February 5, 2024 13:11

updt default location type to region

349c378

update tests and avert_emissions_profiles

bcc34f5

update tests

c04979e

rm Xpress from HiGHS test

434f108

adfarth requested a review from zolanaj February 7, 2024 19:21

adfarth and others added 10 commits February 22, 2024 15:45

update scenario names

0c59472

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into cambium

569301c

update dates in changelog

31c2c2b

add default emissions decrease

5e3c480

should help with test stability

use emissions decrease defaults in electric utility and tests

77833eb

expand Cambium test suite

e74ed3e

Update CHANGELOG.md

919d859

Update CHANGELOG.md

556b37b

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into cambium

d7be87a

adding TODO for test values refresh for emissions and RE tests.

70cd420

zolanaj approved these changes Feb 29, 2024

View reviewed changes

zolanaj and others added 2 commits March 1, 2024 09:12

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into cambium

f9399c8

Update CHANGELOG.md

ab3ae64

adfarth commented Mar 4, 2024

View reviewed changes

Merge branch 'develop' into cambium

5fa7896

adfarth merged commit f6155e7 into develop Mar 8, 2024
4 checks passed

adfarth mentioned this pull request Mar 8, 2024

v0.41.0 master < develop #357

Merged

adfarth deleted the cambium branch March 14, 2024 19:17

zolanaj mentioned this pull request Apr 30, 2024

fix climate zone calculation #338

Open

indu-manogaran pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 16, 2024

Merge pull request #235 from NREL/cambium

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Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT

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Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT #235

Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT #235

adfarth commented Jun 23, 2023 •

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		r["avert_emissions_region"] = p.s.electric_utility.avert_emissions_region
		r["distance_to_avert_emissions_region_meters"] = p.s.electric_utility.distance_to_avert_emissions_region_meters

Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT #235

Cambium Grid Climate Emissions and Updated AVERT #235

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adfarth commented Jun 23, 2023 • edited Loading

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adfarth commented Jun 23, 2023 •

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