[release-19.0] Upgrade the Golang version to go1.22.9

[frouioui]

Description

This PR bumps the Golang version to go1.22.9.

[vitess-bot]

Review Checklist

Hello reviewers! 👋 Please follow this checklist when reviewing this Pull Request.

General

• Ensure that the Pull Request has a descriptive title.
• Ensure there is a link to an issue (except for internal cleanup and flaky test fixes), new features should have an RFC that documents use cases and test cases.

Tests

• Bug fixes should have at least one unit or end-to-end test, enhancement and new features should have a sufficient number of tests.

Documentation

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• There should be some code comments as to why things are implemented the way they are.
• There should be a comment at the top of each new or modified test to explain what the test does.

New flags

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Backward compatibility

• Protobuf changes should be wire-compatible.
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• RPC changes should be compatible with vitess-operator
• If a flag is removed, then it should also be removed from vitess-operator and arewefastyet, if used there.
• vtctl command output order should be stable and awk-able.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 65.16%. Comparing base (4909bb2) to head (11f0ebe).
Report is 1 commits behind head on release-19.0.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           release-19.0   #17214      +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage         65.12%   65.16%   +0.03%     
================================================
  Files              1560     1560              
  Lines            238294   238294              
================================================
+ Hits             155194   155276      +82     
+ Misses            83100    83018      -82     

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