Update NDK 23c patches

[EDLLT]

While testing different approaches to compile RNote, someone suggested that I attempt compiling it with an older NDK so I updated the patches needed for the NDK to work as the old patches don't apply anymore.
The patches needed were copied over from ndk 27's patches

[TomJo2000]

I've just now had the time to get back to this.

• If you have the time please have a look at
  [RFC] fix crossbuild prefix pollution #21835
  It likely has implications for this PR.

[twaik]

Ping @licy183 @fornwall @finagolfin @Grimler91 because you commited to ndk-patches folder.

[finagolfin]

Not needed, the Swift changes are mainly for compiling Swift source on a Termux device with the ndk-sysroot package. If you don't use Swift or compile on-device with this 23c sysroot, you don't need it.