chore: update CI for PHP 8.4

[phil-davis]

Similar to what was done for the v2 branch for release https://github.com/sabre-io/uri/releases/tag/2.3.4
Code from #116 and #117
And adjust phpstan config like in #120
For now, I am ignoring phpstan "errors" like: * will always evaluate to true
because it is telling that the code is overly cautious, and I will leave the overly-cautious code as it does no harm.

This now confirms in CI that everything is passing for PHP 8.4 in the master branch.

There are no actual code changes, so I will look to see what else has happened in the master branch since the latest 3.0.1 release. If there are code changes waiting, then I will make release 3.0.2

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 97.70%. Comparing base (254a670) to head (5639795).
Report is 8 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #122   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.70%   97.70%           
=======================================
  Files           1        1           
  Lines         174      174           
=======================================
  Hits          170      170           
  Misses          4        4           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.