Auto merge of #14730 - weihanglo:env, r=ehuss

refactor(env): remove unnecessary clones

### What does this PR try to resolve?

This was found during the review of #14701.

Not every environment variable access requires an owned type.
To be precise, most of our usages don't.

### How should we test and review this PR?

Refactor only. Should not have any change in behavior.

One drawback is that the fn signatures deviate from `std::env::var{_os}`.

src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/mod.rs

@@ -837,31 +837,26 @@ impl LocalFingerprint {
                 };
                 for (key, previous) in info.env.iter() {
                     let current = if key == CARGO_ENV {
-                        Some(
-                            cargo_exe
-                                .to_str()
-                                .ok_or_else(|| {
-                                    format_err!(
-                                        "cargo exe path {} must be valid UTF-8",
-                                        cargo_exe.display()
-                                    )
-                                })?
-                                .to_string(),
-                        )
+                        Some(cargo_exe.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+                            format_err!(
+                                "cargo exe path {} must be valid UTF-8",
+                                cargo_exe.display()
+                            )
+                        })?)
                     } else {
                         if let Some(value) = gctx.env_config()?.get(key) {
-                            value.to_str().and_then(|s| Some(s.to_string()))
+                            value.to_str()
                         } else {
                             gctx.get_env(key).ok()
                         }
                     };
-                    if current == *previous {
+                    if current == previous.as_deref() {
                         continue;
                     }
                     return Ok(Some(StaleItem::ChangedEnv {
                         var: key.clone(),
                         previous: previous.clone(),
-                        current,
+                        current: current.map(Into::into),
                     }));
                 }
                 if *checksum {

src/cargo/sources/git/utils.rs

@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ where
         debug_assert!(res.is_err());
         let mut attempts = vec![String::from("git")];
         if let Ok(s) = gctx.get_env("USER").or_else(|_| gctx.get_env("USERNAME")) {
-            attempts.push(s);
+            attempts.push(s.to_string());
         }
         if let Some(ref s) = cred_helper.username {
             attempts.push(s.clone());

src/cargo/util/context/environment.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ fn make_case_insensitive_and_normalized_env(
         .filter_map(|k| k.to_str())
         .map(|k| (k.to_uppercase(), k.to_owned()))
         .collect();
+
     let normalized_env = env
         .iter()
         // Only keep entries where both the key and value are valid UTF-8,
@@ -112,12 +113,12 @@ impl Env {
     ///
     /// This can be used similarly to [`std::env::var_os`].
     /// On Windows, we check for case mismatch since environment keys are case-insensitive.
-    pub fn get_env_os(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<OsString> {
+    pub fn get_env_os(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<&OsStr> {
         match self.env.get(key.as_ref()) {
-            Some(s) => Some(s.clone()),
+            Some(s) => Some(s),
             None => {
                 if cfg!(windows) {
-                    self.get_env_case_insensitive(key).cloned()
+                    self.get_env_case_insensitive(key)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -129,14 +130,14 @@ impl Env {
     ///
     /// This can be used similarly to `std::env::var`.
     /// On Windows, we check for case mismatch since environment keys are case-insensitive.
-    pub fn get_env(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> CargoResult<String> {
+    pub fn get_env(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> CargoResult<&str> {
         let key = key.as_ref();
         let s = self
             .get_env_os(key)
             .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("{key:?} could not be found in the environment snapshot"))?;
 
         match s.to_str() {
-            Some(s) => Ok(s.to_owned()),
+            Some(s) => Ok(s),
             None => bail!("environment variable value is not valid unicode: {s:?}"),
         }
     }
@@ -146,10 +147,10 @@ impl Env {
     /// This is relevant on Windows, where environment variables are case-insensitive.
     /// Note that this only works on keys that are valid UTF-8 and it uses Unicode uppercase,
     /// which may differ from the OS's notion of uppercase.
-    fn get_env_case_insensitive(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<&OsString> {
+    fn get_env_case_insensitive(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<&OsStr> {
         let upper_case_key = key.as_ref().to_str()?.to_uppercase();
         let env_key: &OsStr = self.case_insensitive_env.get(&upper_case_key)?.as_ref();
-        self.env.get(env_key)
+        self.env.get(env_key).map(|v| v.as_ref())
     }
 
     /// Get the value of environment variable `key` as a `&str`.

src/cargo/util/context/mod.rs

@@ -815,15 +815,15 @@ impl GlobalContext {
     /// [`GlobalContext`].
     ///
     /// This can be used similarly to [`std::env::var`].
-    pub fn get_env(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> CargoResult<String> {
+    pub fn get_env(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> CargoResult<&str> {
         self.env.get_env(key)
     }
 
     /// Get the value of environment variable `key` through the snapshot in
     /// [`GlobalContext`].
     ///
     /// This can be used similarly to [`std::env::var_os`].
-    pub fn get_env_os(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<OsString> {
+    pub fn get_env_os(&self, key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<&OsStr> {
         self.env.get_env_os(key)
     }