Merge branch 'master' into python-dicts

basic-input-output-in-python/adventure_game.py

@@ -4,7 +4,13 @@
 enemy_health = 3
 
 while health > 0 and enemy_health > 0:
-    if input("Attack or Run? ").lower() == "attack":
+    # Normalize input to handle extra spaces and case variations.
+    action = input("Attack or Run? ").strip().lower()
+    if action not in {"attack", "run"}:
+        print("Invalid choice. Please type 'Attack' or 'Run'.")
+        continue
+
+    if action == "attack":
         enemy_health -= 1
         print("You hit the enemy!")
         # Implement a 50% chance that the enemy strikes back.

basic-input-output-in-python/guess_the_number.py

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
 if guess == number:
     print("You got it!")
 else:
-    print(f"Sorry, the number was {number}.")
+    print("Sorry, the number was", number)

python-range/README.md

@@ -2,6 +2,22 @@
 
 This repository holds the code for Real Python's [Python `range()`: Represent Numerical Ranges](https://realpython.com/python-range/) tutorial.
 
+## reverse_range()
+
+In [`reverse_range.py`](reverse_range.py), you can find an explicit implementation of a function that can reverse a general range.
+
+```python
+>>> from reverse_range import reverse_range
+
+>>> reverse_range(range(1, 20, 4))
+range(17, 0, -4)
+
+>>> list(reverse_range(range(1, 20, 4)))
+[17, 13, 9, 5, 1]
+```
+
+In practical applications, you should use `reversed(range(1, 20, 4))` or `range(1, 20, 4)[::-1]` instead.
+
 ## PiDigits
 
 The file [`pi_digits.py`](pi_digits.py) shows the implementation of `PiDigits` which is an integer-like type that can be used as arguments to `range()`:

python-range/reverse_range.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+def reverse_range(rng):
+    """Explicitly calculate necessary parameters to reverse a general range.
+
+    In practice, you should use reversed() or [::-1] instead.
+    """
+    adj = 1 if rng.step > 0 else -1
+    return range(
+        (rng.stop - adj) - (rng.stop - rng.start - adj) % rng.step,
+        rng.start - adj,
+        -rng.step,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    numbers = range(1, 20, 4)
+
+    print("\nOriginal:")
+    print(numbers)
+    print(list(numbers))
+
+    print("\nReversed:")
+    print(reverse_range(numbers))
+    print(list(reverse_range(numbers)))
+
+    print("\nTwice reversed, has the same elements as the original:")
+    print(reverse_range(reverse_range(numbers)))
+    print(list(reverse_range(reverse_range(numbers))))

python-set-comprehension/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Python Set Comprehensions: How and When to Use Them
+
+This folder provides the code examples for the Real Python tutorial [Python Set Comprehensions: How and When to Use Them](https://realpython.com/python-set-comprehension/).

python-set-comprehension/colors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+colors = {"blue", "red", "green", "orange", "green"}
+print(colors)
+colors.add("purple")
+print(colors)

python-set-comprehension/complex_expression.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+
+print({number**2 if number % 2 == 0 else number**3 for number in numbers})
+
+result_set = set()
+for number in numbers:
+    if number % 2 == 0:
+        value = number**2
+    else:
+        value = number**3
+    result_set.add(value)
+
+print(result_set)

python-set-comprehension/emails.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+emails = {
+    " [email protected] ",
+    "[email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+    " [email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+}
+
+print({email.strip().lower() for email in emails})

python-set-comprehension/filter_emails.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+emails_set = {
+    "[email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+    "[email protected]",
+}
+
+print({email for email in emails_set if email.endswith(".com")})

python-set-comprehension/matrix.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+matrix = [
+    [9, 3, 8, 3],
+    [4, 5, 2, 8],
+    [6, 4, 3, 1],
+    [1, 0, 4, 5],
+]
+
+print({value**2 for row in matrix for value in row})

python-set-comprehension/text.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+unique_words = set()
+text = """
+Beautiful is better than ugly
+Explicit is better than implicit
+Simple is better than complex
+Complex is better than complicated
+""".lower()
+
+for word in text.split():
+    unique_words.add(word)
+
+print(unique_words)
+
+print(set(text.split()))
+
+unique_words = {word for word in text.split()}
+
+print(unique_words)

python-set-comprehension/tools.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+tools = ["Python", "Django", "Flask", "pandas", "NumPy"]
+tools_set = {tool.lower() for tool in tools}
+
+print(tools_set)
+print("python".lower() in tools_set)
+print("Pandas".lower() in tools_set)
+print("Numpy".lower() in tools_set)