PS-9190: JS Stored Routines: basic functionality

https://perconadev.atlassian.net/browse/PS-9190

Implement component that adds to Percona Server for MySQL support
of Stored Functions and Procedures written in JS language or,
more formally, ECMAScript by employing Google's V8 engine.

This is the first commit in a series which implements basic
functionality such as:

- Creation/dropping of JS stored functions and procedures.
- Execution of stored functions/procedures.
- Support for return values for stored functions, IN and OUT parameters for procedures,
  including charset and type mapping/conversions.
- New global dynamic privilege for JS routine creation and its checking.
- Correct isolation of between different security contexts.

components/js_lang/CMakeLists.txt

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+# Copyright (c) 2023, 2024 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates. All rights
+# reserved.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
+
+OPTION(WITH_JS_LANG "Build JS stored routine language component" OFF)
+
+IF(WITH_JS_LANG)
+  MESSAGE(STATUS "Building JS stored routine language component")
+  IF(NOT DEFINED V8_INCLUDE_DIR OR NOT DEFINED V8_LIB_DIR)
+    MESSAGE(FATAL_ERROR "No path to V8 headers and libraries. Please set V8_INCLUDE_DIR and V8_LIB_DIR.")
+  ENDIF()
+ELSE()
+  MESSAGE(STATUS "Not building JS stored routine language component")
+  RETURN()
+ENDIF()
+
+DISABLE_MISSING_PROFILE_WARNING()
+
+MYSQL_ADD_COMPONENT(js_lang
+  component.cc
+  js_lang_core.cc
+  js_lang_param.cc
+  LINK_LIBRARIES v8_monolith
+  MODULE_ONLY
+)
+
+target_include_directories(component_js_lang SYSTEM PRIVATE ${BOOST_PATCHES_DIR} ${BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR} ${V8_INCLUDE_DIR})
+target_link_directories(component_js_lang SYSTEM PRIVATE ${V8_LIB_DIR})
+
+# Uncomment below if you are playing with debug build of V8 library.
+# TODO: Add check which will determine if we need to use this option automagically?
+# target_compile_definitions(component_js_lang PRIVATE V8_ENABLE_CHECKS)

components/js_lang/README.md

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+About this component
+====================
+
+This component adds to Percona Server for MySQL support of Stored Functions
+and Procedures written in JS language or, more formally, ECMAScript by
+employing Google's V8 engine.
+
+JS is an abbreviation for JavaScript, but the latter is a trademark of Oracle.
+
+Support for JS language is provided by implementing External Program Execution
+service. OTOH the component uses MySQL Stored Program family of services as
+well as some other exposed by SQL core to achieve this.
+
+
+Building and installing
+=======================
+
+To enable support for JS Stored Programs in Percona Server for MySQL using
+this component one needs to configure the server project using `cmake` with
+the following additional flags:
+
+    -DWITH_JS_LANG=ON \
+    -DV8_INCLUDE_DIR=<path_to_v8>/include \
+    -DV8_LIB_DIR=<path_to_directory_with_libv8monolith_a_library>
+
+and then build the server as usual.
+
+After installing and starting-up the built server one needs to install the
+component using:
+
+    INSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_js_lang';
+
+One also needs to grant new global dynamic `CREATE_JS_ROUTINE` privilege after
+that to users who will be creating JS routines (in addition to standard
+`CREATE ROUTINE` privilege). For example:
+
+    GRANT CREATE_JS_ROUTINE ON *.* TO root@localhost;
+
+
+Recommended V8 version and build process for it
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+This component was developed and tested with 12.9.202.22 version of V8,
+newer versions might not work. Some older versions are known not to work.
+
+We use static, monolith version of V8 library in our component, which is
+configured and built using the following commands:
+
+    gn gen "out.gn/static" -vv --fail-on-unused-args \
+                           --args='v8_monolithic=true
+                                   v8_static_library=true
+                                   v8_enable_sandbox=false
+                                   v8_enable_pointer_compression=false
+                                   is_clang=false
+                                   is_asan=false
+                                   is_debug=false
+                                   is_official_build=false
+                                   treat_warnings_as_errors=false
+                                   v8_enable_i18n_support=false
+                                   v8_use_external_startup_data=false
+                                   use_custom_libcxx=false
+                                   v8_enable_maglev=false
+                                   use_sysroot=false
+                                   is_component_build=false'
+    ninja -C out.gn/static
+
+Note that using these non-default options solves potential problems with
+compatibility of our component with V8 library version built using default
+V8 build process, such as usage of clang compiler (moreover own version of
+it), custom libcxx and so on.
+
+It is good idea to use build steps (taking into account different V8 version
+used and minimal changes to build options) from the `build_v8.sh` script from
+Percona's https://github.com/percona/mysql-shell-packaging/ project to prepare
+version of V8 library which is compatible with this component.
+
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Some examples of routines in JS language implemented by this component are
+available in `component_js_lang` test suite and `js_lang_basic.test`
+specifically.
+
+
+TODO/Future work:
+=================
+
+Short-term
+----------
+
+- Better error reporting (stacktraces!)
+- Console support
+- Handling of KILL/timeouts.
+- Memory tracking/limiting?
+- Handling of async JS features
+- Execution of SQL
+
+Long-term
+---------
+
+- Observability improvements?
+- Debugging?
+- Environment support in general?
+- Modules support?
+- Function attributes and optional behavior (see TODOs)?
+- Custom classes for some of types (see TODOs)?
+
+License information:
+====================
+
+This component relies on Google V8 engine to execute JS code.
+We include V8 headers as well as link with V8 library(ies).
+
+The below you can find the license information for Google V8 engine
+(version 12.9.202.22):
+
+V8 License:
+-----------
+
+This license applies to all parts of V8 that are not externally
+maintained libraries.  The externally maintained libraries used by V8
+are:
+
+  - PCRE test suite, located in
+    test/mjsunit/third_party/regexp-pcre/regexp-pcre.js.  This is based on the
+    test suite from PCRE-7.3, which is copyrighted by the University
+    of Cambridge and Google, Inc.  The copyright notice and license
+    are embedded in regexp-pcre.js.
+
+  - Layout tests, located in test/mjsunit/third_party/object-keys.  These are
+    based on layout tests from webkit.org which are copyrighted by
+    Apple Computer, Inc. and released under a 3-clause BSD license.
+
+  - Strongtalk assembler, the basis of the files assembler-arm-inl.h,
+    assembler-arm.cc, assembler-arm.h, assembler-ia32-inl.h,
+    assembler-ia32.cc, assembler-ia32.h, assembler-x64-inl.h,
+    assembler-x64.cc, assembler-x64.h, assembler.cc and assembler.h.
+    This code is copyrighted by Sun Microsystems Inc. and released
+    under a 3-clause BSD license.
+
+  - Valgrind client API header, located at src/third_party/valgrind/valgrind.h
+    This is released under the BSD license.
+
+  - The Wasm C/C++ API headers, located at third_party/wasm-api/wasm.{h,hh}
+    This is released under the Apache license. The API's upstream prototype
+    implementation also formed the basis of V8's implementation in
+    src/wasm/c-api.cc.
+
+These libraries have their own licenses; we recommend you read them,
+as their terms may differ from the terms below.
+
+Further license information can be found in LICENSE files located in
+sub-directories.
+
+Copyright 2014, the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+      with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.