[KIP-XX] Calldata gas reduction

KIPs/kip-xx.md

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+---
+kip: to be assigned
+title: Transaction data gas cost reduction
+author: Lake (@hyunsooda) and Ollie (@blukat29)
+discussions-to: https://github.com/kaiachain/kips/issues/22
+status: Draft
+type: Standards Track
+category: Core
+created: 2024-10-18
+---
+
+## Simple Summary
+
+Changing to calldata gas cost.
+
+## Abstract
+
+This KIP introduces a new tag for calldata gas payment, defining a calculation method that distinguishes between zero and non-zero bytes, with distinct costs assigned to each byte.
+
+## Motivation
+
+TBD
+
+## Specification
+
+The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
+
+The gas cost distinguishes between non-zero and zero bytes, assigning 16 and 4 gas units to each, respectively.
+
+### Overview
+
+Since the genesis block, calldata gas calculation has followed two branches:
+
+- Non-zero bytes: 68 gas units per byte
+- Zero bytes: 4 gas units per byte
+
+With the Istanbul hardfork, the gas calculation was modified to no longer distinguish between zero and non-zero bytes, introducing a flat rate of 100 gas units per byte.
+
+The Prague hardfork reverted to the original logic from the genesis block, reintroducing the distinction between non-zero and zero bytes. However, the assigned costs were adjusted to 16 gas units per non-zero byte and 4 gas units per zero byte.
+
+In summary, these changes result in a reduction of 84 gas units per non-zero byte and 96 gas units per zero byte.
+
+## Backward Compatibility
+
+Since the Kaia client implementation applies different logic based on the hardfork state, the correct gas cost is determined according to the block number associated with each hardfork.
+
+## References
+[EIP-2028](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2028)
+
+## Copyright
+
+Copyright and related rights waived via [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).