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# 10.3 Kustomize | ||
# 10.3.1 Kustomize | ||
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最初 Kubernetes 对如何封装应用 的解决方案是用配置文件来配置文件,这并不是绕口令,可以理解为针对 yaml 模版引擎的变体。 | ||
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# 10.3.5 OAM | ||
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前面介绍的 Helm、Kustomize、CRD + Operator 在各自领域很好的承载一个“组件”的概念,但它们都没有解决一个完整的、面向业务场景的“应用”问题。 | ||
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OAM 的全称为开放应用模型(Open Application Model),由阿里巴巴联合微软共同推出。 | ||
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- Open,开放与云服务供应商无关。定义的开放标准应该是一套更高级别的抽象,可以跨越本地集群、异构平台、云服务提供商,不会被锁定到任何一个厂商的底座。 | ||
- Application,应用为先。一个应用的交付与部署应该是自包含的,其中的各类操作行为应该作为应用定义的一部分,这些内容与实际的基础设施无关。 | ||
- Model,标准的开放模型。模块化整个应用交付流程,根据个人的需要将这些模块自由组装,达成自己想要的结果。 | ||
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在 OAM 体系中大致分了三个角色,分别为: | ||
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基础设施运维人员 | ||
负责开发、安装和维护各种 Kubernetes 级别的功能。具体工作包括但不限于维护大规模的 K8s 集群、实现控制器/Operator,以及开发各种 K8s 插件。在公司内部,我们通常被称为“平台团队(Platform Builder) | ||
业务研发人员 | ||
以代码形式传递业务价值。大多数业务研发都对基础设施或 K8s 不甚了解,他们与 PaaS 和 CI 流水线交互以管理其应用程序。业务研发人员的生产效率对公司而言价值巨大。 | ||
应用运维人员 | ||
为业务研发人员提供有关集群容量、稳定性和性能的专业知识,帮助业务研发人员大规模配置、部署和运行应用程序(例如,更新、扩展、恢复)。请注意,尽管应用运维人员对 K8s 的 API 和功能具有一定了解,但他们并不直接在 K8s 上工作。在大多数情况下,他们利用 PaaS 系统为业务研发人员提供基础 K8s 功能。在这种情况下,许多应用运维人员实际上也是 PaaS 工程人员。 | ||
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OAM 使用自定义资源将原先 All-in-One 的复杂配置做了一定层次的解耦,开发工程师管理 Component、运维工程师将 Component 组合并绑定 Trait 变成 AppConfig;平台工程师提供 OAM 的解释能力,将上述自定义资源映射到实际的基础设施;不同角色分工协作,整体上简化单个角色关注的内容,使得不同角色可以更聚焦更专业的做好本角色的工作。 | ||
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:::center | ||
![](../assets/OAM-how-it-works.png)<br/> | ||
图 4-0 OAM | ||
::: | ||
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- 组件(Component): | ||
- 运维特征(运维特征):运维特征是可以随时绑定给待部署组件的模块化、可拔插的运维能力,比如:副本数调整、数据持久化、设置网关策略、自动设置 DNS 解析等。用户可以从社区获取成熟的能力,也可以自行定义。 |
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