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ASTM Protocol (ASTM E1394 ASTM E1381)
ASTM E1394 and ASTM E1381 are standards developed by ASTM International that focus on the electronic transmission of data between clinical laboratory instruments and computer systems. These standards are essential for ensuring interoperability and effective communication in clinical settings.
ASTM E1394 provides a framework for the two-way digital transmission of requests and results between clinical instruments and computer systems. It aims to standardize the conventions required for the interchange of clinical results and patient data, facilitating a logical link for communication in a standardized format. This standard is particularly relevant for text-oriented clinical instrumentation, covering aspects such as:
- Message Content: Specifies the structure and content of messages exchanged between instruments and computer systems.
- Data Elements: Defines how data elements should be represented within the message structures.
- Flexibility: Allows for the addition of new fields or record types to accommodate evolving testing methodologies.
The standard delineates a hierarchical message structure that includes various record types:
- Level 0: Message header and terminator.
- Level 1: Patient records, request information, and scientific records.
- Level 2: Test order records.
- Level 3: Result records.
Comment records can be inserted at any level, providing contextual information related to preceding records.
The significance of ASTM E1394 lies in its ability to enhance data flow between clinical instruments and computer systems, ensuring that demographic and test information can be transmitted efficiently. This standard supports the implementation of successful interfaces within clinical environments by providing clear guidelines on message content and structure.
ASTM E1381 focuses on the low-level protocol necessary for the electronic transmission of digital information between clinical laboratory instruments and computer systems. This standard is crucial for automated instruments that measure parameters from patient samples, ensuring that results can be processed, stored, or reported effectively[2][4].
The specification outlines several key components related to communication protocols:
- Physical Layer: Describes the electrical and mechanical connections between instruments and computers, including connector types and signal characteristics.
- Data Link Layer: Covers methods for establishing communication, error detection, error recovery, and message transmission. This layer manages how messages are sent and received, including handling acknowledgments and managing data link connections[2][3].
The communication process outlined in ASTM E1381 includes:
- Establishment Phase: Initiating a connection between devices.
- Transfer Phase: Sending messages in frames, with provisions for error checking through checksums.
- Termination Phase: Properly closing the connection after data transfer is complete.
Both ASTM E1394 and ASTM E1381 play critical roles in ensuring effective communication between clinical laboratory instruments and computer systems. While E1394 focuses on message content and structure, E1381 provides the necessary low-level protocols for data transmission. Together, these standards facilitate accurate data exchange, which is vital for patient care in clinical settings.
Citations:
[1] https://img.antpedia.com/standard/files/pdfs_ora/20230612/astm/E/E%201394%20-%2097.pdf
[2] https://www.astm.org/e1381-95.html
[3] https://www.medteh.info/_fr/140/XS_ASTM_Rev2.5.pdf
[4] https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/8091/36c8b26a235545f9945225dd34690a4c/ASTM-E1381-95.pdf
[5] https://clsi.org/media/2424/lis02a2e_sample.pdf
[6] https://standards.globalspec.com/std/160641/astm-e1394
[7] https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=teapotcon