Hera

Hera is an ewasm (revision 4) virtual machine implemented in C++ conforming to EVMC ABIv10.

It is designed to leverage various Wasm backends, both interpreters and AOT/JITs.

Client support

Hera has been tested with aleth and geth. It should however work with any client with compliant EVMC support.

Building Hera

First clone this repository and make sure the submodules are checked out:

$ git clone https://github.com/ewasm/hera
$ cd hera
$ git submodule update --init

The preferred way is building Hera as a shared library:

$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ..
$ cmake --build .

In this case the built library will be placed at build/src/libhera/libhera.so on Linux or build/src/libhera/libhera.dylib on MacOS.

Please also check the build options listed in the following section.

Build options

• -DHERA_DEBUGGING=ON will turn on debugging features and messages. This is off by default.
• -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON is a standard CMake option to build libraries as shared. This will build Hera shared library that can be then dynamically loaded by EVMC compatible Clients (e.g. aleth from aleth). This is the preferred way of compilation.

wabt support

Complete support.

wabt is built by default and needs no build options. It can be disabled with:

• -DHERA_WABT=OFF

Binaryen support

Complete support.

Binaryen support needs to be enabled via the following build option and requested at runtime with engine=binaryen:

• -DHERA_BINARYEN=ON will request the compilation of Binaryen support

WAVM support

Complete support.

WAVM support needs to be enabled via the following build option and requested at runtime with engine=wavm:

• -DHERA_WAVM=ON will request the compilation of WAVM support
• -DLLVM_DIR=... one will need to specify the path to LLVM's CMake file. In most installations this has to be within the lib/cmake/llvm directory, such as /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/6.0.1/lib/cmake/llvm on Homebrew.

Runtime options

These are to be used via EVMC set_option:

• engine=<engine> will select the underlying WebAssembly engine, where the only accepted values currently are binaryen, wabt, and wavm
• metering=true will enable metering of bytecode at deployment using the Sentinel system contract (set to false by default)
• benchmark=true will produce execution timings and output it to both standard error output and hera_benchmarks.log file.
• evm1mode=<evm1mode> will select how EVM1 bytecode is handled
• sys:<alias/address>=file.wasm will override the code executing at the specified address with code loaded from a filepath at runtime. This option supports aliases for system contracts as well, such that sys:sentinel=file.wasm and sys:evm2wasm=file.wasm are both valid. This option is intended for debugging purposes.

evm1mode

• reject will reject any EVM1 bytecode with an error (the default setting)
• fallback will allow EVM1 bytecode to be passed through to the client for execution
• evm2wasm will enable transformation of bytecode using the EVM Transcompiler
• runevm will transform EVM1 bytecode using runevm

Interfaces

Hera implements two interfaces: EEI and a debugging module.

Debugging module

• debug::print32(value: i32) - print value
• debug::print64(value: i64) - print value
• debug::printMem(offset: i32, len: i32) - print memory segment as printable characters
• debug::printMemHex(offset: i32, len: i32) - print memory segment as hex
• debug::printStorage(pathOffset: i32) - print storage value as printable characters
• debug::printStorageHex(pathOffset: i32) - print storage value as hex

These are only enabled if Hera is compiled with debugging on.

EVM Tracing

• debug::evmTrace(pc: i32, opcode: i32, cost: i32, sp: i32)

This is useful to trace the translated code by EVM Transcompiler. This is only enabled if Hera is compiled with debugging on.

Note: it is valid to invoke evmTrace with a negative value for sp. In this case, no stack values will be printed.

Fuzzing

To enable fuzzing you need clang compiler and provide -DHERA_FUZZING=ON option to CMake. You should also enable both Binaryen and WABT engines. This will build additional executable hera-fuzzer. Check out its help and libFuzzer documentation.

test/fuzzing/hera-fuzzer -help=1

Author(s)

• Alex Beregszaszi
• Jake Lang

License

Apache 2.0