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core: implement EIP-7623 increase calldata cost #30946

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core: implement EIP-7623 increase calldata cost #30946

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81baa03
core: implement eip-7623
MariusVanDerWijden Feb 20, 2024
55b4867
minor
s1na Jan 20, 2025
ee4f830
Move floor gas out of intrinsicGas
s1na Jan 22, 2025
4429474
comment fix
s1na Jan 23, 2025
71260cc
Update core/error.go
s1na Jan 23, 2025
269002b
apply review comment
s1na Jan 23, 2025
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13 changes: 13 additions & 0 deletions cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -145,6 +145,19 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
results = append(results, r)
continue
}
if chainConfig.IsPrague(new(big.Int), 0) {
if floorDataGas, err := core.FloorDataGas(tx.Data()); err != nil {
r.Error = err
results = append(results, r)
continue
} else {
if tx.Gas() < floorDataGas {
r.Error = fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", core.ErrDataFloorGas, tx.Gas(), floorDataGas)
results = append(results, r)
continue
}
}
}
}
// Validate <256bit fields
switch {
Expand Down
4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions core/error.go
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Expand Up @@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ var (
// than required to start the invocation.
ErrIntrinsicGas = errors.New("intrinsic gas too low")

// ErrDataFloorGas is returned if the transaction is specified to use less gas
// than required for the data floor cost.
ErrDataFloorGas = errors.New("insufficient gas for data floor cost")
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// ErrTxTypeNotSupported is returned if a transaction is not supported in the
// current network configuration.
ErrTxTypeNotSupported = types.ErrTxTypeNotSupported
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions core/state_processor_test.go
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Expand Up @@ -251,9 +251,9 @@ func TestStateProcessorErrors(t *testing.T) {
},
{ // ErrMaxInitCodeSizeExceeded
txs: []*types.Transaction{
mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 500000, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
mkDynamicCreationTx(0, 520000, common.Big0, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), tooBigInitCode[:]),
},
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0xd491405f06c92d118dd3208376fcee18a57c54bc52063ee4a26b1cf296857c25]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
want: "could not apply tx 0 [0x3a30404d42d6ccc843d7c391fd0c87b9b9795a0c174261b46d2ac95ca17b81cd]: max initcode size exceeded: code size 49153 limit 49152",
},
{ // ErrIntrinsicGas: Not enough gas to cover init code
txs: []*types.Transaction{
Expand Down
71 changes: 53 additions & 18 deletions core/state_transition.go
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Expand Up @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
package core

import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"math"
"math/big"
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -79,12 +80,9 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
// Bump the required gas by the amount of transactional data
if dataLen > 0 {
// Zero and non-zero bytes are priced differently
var nz uint64
for _, byt := range data {
if byt != 0 {
nz++
}
}
z := uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
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nz := dataLen - z

// Make sure we don't exceed uint64 for all data combinations
nonZeroGas := params.TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier
if isEIP2028 {
Expand All @@ -95,7 +93,6 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
}
gas += nz * nonZeroGas

z := dataLen - nz
if (math.MaxUint64-gas)/params.TxDataZeroGas < z {
return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
}
Expand All @@ -119,6 +116,21 @@ func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, accessList types.AccessList, authList []types.Set
return gas, nil
}

// FloorDataGas computes the minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
func FloorDataGas(data []byte) (uint64, error) {
var (
z = uint64(bytes.Count(data, []byte{0}))
nz = uint64(len(data)) - z
tokens = nz*params.TokenPerNonZeroByte7623 + z
)
// Check for overflow
if (math.MaxUint64-params.TxGas)/params.CostFloorPerToken7623 < tokens {
return 0, ErrGasUintOverflow
}
// Minimum gas required for a transaction based on its data tokens (EIP-7623).
return params.TxGas + tokens*params.CostFloorPerToken7623, nil
}

// toWordSize returns the ceiled word size required for init code payment calculation.
func toWordSize(size uint64) uint64 {
if size > math.MaxUint64-31 {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -414,6 +426,7 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
sender = vm.AccountRef(msg.From)
rules = st.evm.ChainConfig().Rules(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber, st.evm.Context.Random != nil, st.evm.Context.Time)
contractCreation = msg.To == nil
floorDataGas uint64
)

// Check clauses 4-5, subtract intrinsic gas if everything is correct
Expand All @@ -424,6 +437,16 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
if st.gasRemaining < gas {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrIntrinsicGas, st.gasRemaining, gas)
}
// Gas limit suffices for the floor data cost (EIP-7623)
if rules.IsPrague {
floorDataGas, err = FloorDataGas(msg.Data)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if st.gasRemaining < floorDataGas {
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nitpick, it's probably better to use msg.GasLimit rather than the gasRemaining

return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: have %d, want %d", ErrDataFloorGas, st.gasRemaining, floorDataGas)
}
}
if t := st.evm.Config.Tracer; t != nil && t.OnGasChange != nil {
t.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining-gas, tracing.GasChangeTxIntrinsicGas)
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -490,11 +513,28 @@ func (st *stateTransition) execute() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
var gasRefund uint64
if !rules.IsLondon {
// Before EIP-3529: refunds were capped to gasUsed / 2
gasRefund = st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotient)
gasRefund = st.refundAmount(params.RefundQuotient)
} else {
// After EIP-3529: refunds are capped to gasUsed / 5
gasRefund = st.refundGas(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
gasRefund = st.refundAmount(params.RefundQuotientEIP3529)
}

if st.evm.Config.Tracer != nil && st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil && gasRefund > 0 {
st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining+gasRefund, tracing.GasChangeTxRefunds)
}
st.gasRemaining += gasRefund
if rules.IsPrague {
// After EIP-7623: Data-heavy transactions pay the floor gas.
if st.gasUsed() < floorDataGas {
prev := st.gasRemaining
st.gasRemaining = st.initialGas - floorDataGas
if t := st.evm.Config.Tracer; t != nil && t.OnGasChange != nil {
t.OnGasChange(prev, st.gasRemaining, tracing.GasChangeTxDataFloor)
}
}
}
st.returnGas()

effectiveTip := msg.GasPrice
if rules.IsLondon {
effectiveTip = new(big.Int).Sub(msg.GasFeeCap, st.evm.Context.BaseFee)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -585,19 +625,16 @@ func (st *stateTransition) applyAuthorization(msg *Message, auth *types.SetCodeA
return nil
}

func (st *stateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) uint64 {
func (st *stateTransition) refundAmount(refundQuotient uint64) uint64 {
// Apply refund counter, capped to a refund quotient
refund := st.gasUsed() / refundQuotient
if refund > st.state.GetRefund() {
refund = st.state.GetRefund()
}
return refund
}

if st.evm.Config.Tracer != nil && st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange != nil && refund > 0 {
st.evm.Config.Tracer.OnGasChange(st.gasRemaining, st.gasRemaining+refund, tracing.GasChangeTxRefunds)
}

st.gasRemaining += refund

func (st *stateTransition) returnGas() {
// Return ETH for remaining gas, exchanged at the original rate.
remaining := uint256.NewInt(st.gasRemaining)
remaining.Mul(remaining, uint256.MustFromBig(st.msg.GasPrice))
Expand All @@ -610,8 +647,6 @@ func (st *stateTransition) refundGas(refundQuotient uint64) uint64 {
// Also return remaining gas to the block gas counter so it is
// available for the next transaction.
st.gp.AddGas(st.gasRemaining)

return refund
}

// gasUsed returns the amount of gas used up by the state transition.
Expand Down
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions core/tracing/hooks.go
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Expand Up @@ -314,6 +314,9 @@ const (
GasChangeWitnessCodeChunk GasChangeReason = 17
// GasChangeWitnessContractCollisionCheck flags the event of adding to the witness when checking for contract address collision.
GasChangeWitnessContractCollisionCheck GasChangeReason = 18
// GasChangeTxDataFloor is the amount of extra gas the transaction has to pay to reach the minimum gas requirement for the
// transaction data. This change will always be a negative change.
GasChangeTxDataFloor GasChangeReason = 19

// GasChangeIgnored is a special value that can be used to indicate that the gas change should be ignored as
// it will be "manually" tracked by a direct emit of the gas change event.
Expand Down
10 changes: 10 additions & 0 deletions core/txpool/validation.go
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Expand Up @@ -115,6 +115,16 @@ func ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, head *types.Header, signer types
if tx.Gas() < intrGas {
return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas %v, minimum needed %v", core.ErrIntrinsicGas, tx.Gas(), intrGas)
}
// Ensure the transaction can cover floor data gas.
if opts.Config.IsPrague(head.Number, head.Time) {
floorDataGas, err := core.FloorDataGas(tx.Data())
if err != nil {
return err
}
if tx.Gas() < floorDataGas {
return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas %v, minimum needed %v", core.ErrDataFloorGas, tx.Gas(), floorDataGas)
}
}
// Ensure the gasprice is high enough to cover the requirement of the calling pool
if tx.GasTipCapIntCmp(opts.MinTip) < 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("%w: gas tip cap %v, minimum needed %v", ErrUnderpriced, tx.GasTipCap(), opts.MinTip)
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion core/verkle_witness_test.go
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Expand Up @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func TestProcessVerkle(t *testing.T) {
params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* SSTORE in constructor */
params.WitnessChunkReadCost + params.WitnessChunkWriteCost + /* write code hash for tx creation */
15*(params.WitnessChunkReadCost+params.WitnessChunkWriteCost) + /* code chunks #0..#14 */
4844 /* execution costs */
uint64(4844) /* execution costs */
blockGasUsagesExpected := []uint64{
txCost1*2 + txCost2,
txCost1*2 + txCost2 + contractCreationCost + codeWithExtCodeCopyGas,
Expand Down
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getBlockReceipts-block-with-blob-tx.json
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Expand Up @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
{
"blobGasPrice": "0x1",
"blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
"blockHash": "0x17124e31fb075a301b1d7d4135683b0a09fe4e6d453c54e2e734d5ee00744a49",
"blockHash": "0x5f58514bcb3b216908f0aff6ced44666c3aa250df06093150ac850a7a7850f3c",
"blockNumber": "0x6",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b09d63b",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b0a08c4",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": "0x0d3ab14bbad3d99f4203bd7a11acb94882050e7e",
"transactionHash": "0xb51ee3d2a89ba5d5623c73133c8d7a6ba9fb41194c17f4302c21b30994a1180f",
"transactionHash": "0x80348f994fb5f3b05bd2e5f58bbdc73485e449c028612a2c0680f9ac6ff70add",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x3"
}
]
]
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getBlockReceipts-block-with-dynamic-fee-tx.json
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@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
[
{
"blockHash": "0x102e50de30318ee99a03a09db74387e79cad3165bf6840cc84249806a2a302f3",
"blockHash": "0x47cd44027bb55856a175e36be0396bad221e52172529d9c1bf12bf5424a041ae",
"blockNumber": "0x4",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x538d",
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5564",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x2325c42f",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x538d",
"gasUsed": "0x5564",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x0",
Expand All @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x2"
}
]
]
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getBlockReceipts-tag-latest.json
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Expand Up @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
{
"blobGasPrice": "0x1",
"blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
"blockHash": "0x17124e31fb075a301b1d7d4135683b0a09fe4e6d453c54e2e734d5ee00744a49",
"blockHash": "0x5f58514bcb3b216908f0aff6ced44666c3aa250df06093150ac850a7a7850f3c",
"blockNumber": "0x6",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b09d63b",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b0a08c4",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": "0x0d3ab14bbad3d99f4203bd7a11acb94882050e7e",
"transactionHash": "0xb51ee3d2a89ba5d5623c73133c8d7a6ba9fb41194c17f4302c21b30994a1180f",
"transactionHash": "0x80348f994fb5f3b05bd2e5f58bbdc73485e449c028612a2c0680f9ac6ff70add",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x3"
}
]
]
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getTransactionReceipt-blob-tx.json
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@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
{
"blobGasPrice": "0x1",
"blobGasUsed": "0x20000",
"blockHash": "0x17124e31fb075a301b1d7d4135683b0a09fe4e6d453c54e2e734d5ee00744a49",
"blockHash": "0x5f58514bcb3b216908f0aff6ced44666c3aa250df06093150ac850a7a7850f3c",
"blockNumber": "0x6",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5208",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b09d63b",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1b0a08c4",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x5208",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": "0x0d3ab14bbad3d99f4203bd7a11acb94882050e7e",
"transactionHash": "0xb51ee3d2a89ba5d5623c73133c8d7a6ba9fb41194c17f4302c21b30994a1180f",
"transactionHash": "0x80348f994fb5f3b05bd2e5f58bbdc73485e449c028612a2c0680f9ac6ff70add",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x3"
}
}
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getTransactionReceipt-create-contract-with-access-list.json
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@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
{
"blockHash": "0x53bffe54375c0a31fe7bc0db7455db7d48278234c2400efa4d40d1c57cbe868d",
"blockHash": "0x5bff93f8f94ba7ee52bef1a80062b9fed22c6d1eebb2b0e87a4a003365a7bd66",
"blockNumber": "0x5",
"contractAddress": "0xfdaa97661a584d977b4d3abb5370766ff5b86a18",
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0xe01c",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1ecb3fb4",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x1ecb7942",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0xe01c",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x1",
"to": null,
"transactionHash": "0xb5a1148819cfdfff9bfe70035524fec940eb735d89b76960b97751d01ae2a9f2",
"transactionHash": "0x173dffc76966c72542560c376ce512a871e31b86988f9169bf021da0937640f9",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x1"
}
}
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions internal/ethapi/testdata/eth_getTransactionReceipt-dynamic-tx-with-logs.json
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@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
{
"blockHash": "0x102e50de30318ee99a03a09db74387e79cad3165bf6840cc84249806a2a302f3",
"blockHash": "0x47cd44027bb55856a175e36be0396bad221e52172529d9c1bf12bf5424a041ae",
"blockNumber": "0x4",
"contractAddress": null,
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x538d",
"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x5564",
"effectiveGasPrice": "0x2325c42f",
"from": "0x703c4b2bd70c169f5717101caee543299fc946c7",
"gasUsed": "0x538d",
"gasUsed": "0x5564",
"logs": [],
"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"status": "0x0",
"to": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000031ec7",
"transactionHash": "0xdcde2574628c9d7dff22b9afa19f235959a924ceec65a9df903a517ae91f5c84",
"transactionIndex": "0x0",
"type": "0x2"
}
}
24 changes: 13 additions & 11 deletions params/protocol_params.go
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Expand Up @@ -28,17 +28,19 @@ const (
MaxGasLimit uint64 = 0x7fffffffffffffff // Maximum the gas limit (2^63-1).
GenesisGasLimit uint64 = 4712388 // Gas limit of the Genesis block.

MaximumExtraDataSize uint64 = 32 // Maximum size extra data may be after Genesis.
ExpByteGas uint64 = 10 // Times ceil(log256(exponent)) for the EXP instruction.
SloadGas uint64 = 50 // Multiplied by the number of 32-byte words that are copied (round up) for any *COPY operation and added.
CallValueTransferGas uint64 = 9000 // Paid for CALL when the value transfer is non-zero.
CallNewAccountGas uint64 = 25000 // Paid for CALL when the destination address didn't exist prior.
TxGas uint64 = 21000 // Per transaction not creating a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxGasContractCreation uint64 = 53000 // Per transaction that creates a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxDataZeroGas uint64 = 4 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that equals zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
QuadCoeffDiv uint64 = 512 // Divisor for the quadratic particle of the memory cost equation.
LogDataGas uint64 = 8 // Per byte in a LOG* operation's data.
CallStipend uint64 = 2300 // Free gas given at beginning of call.
MaximumExtraDataSize uint64 = 32 // Maximum size extra data may be after Genesis.
ExpByteGas uint64 = 10 // Times ceil(log256(exponent)) for the EXP instruction.
SloadGas uint64 = 50 // Multiplied by the number of 32-byte words that are copied (round up) for any *COPY operation and added.
CallValueTransferGas uint64 = 9000 // Paid for CALL when the value transfer is non-zero.
CallNewAccountGas uint64 = 25000 // Paid for CALL when the destination address didn't exist prior.
TxGas uint64 = 21000 // Per transaction not creating a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxGasContractCreation uint64 = 53000 // Per transaction that creates a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TxDataZeroGas uint64 = 4 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that equals zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions.
TokenPerNonZeroByte7623 uint64 = 4 // Token cost per non-zero byte as specified by EIP-7623.
CostFloorPerToken7623 uint64 = 10 // Cost floor per byte of data as specified by EIP-7623.
QuadCoeffDiv uint64 = 512 // Divisor for the quadratic particle of the memory cost equation.
LogDataGas uint64 = 8 // Per byte in a LOG* operation's data.
CallStipend uint64 = 2300 // Free gas given at beginning of call.

Keccak256Gas uint64 = 30 // Once per KECCAK256 operation.
Keccak256WordGas uint64 = 6 // Once per word of the KECCAK256 operation's data.
Expand Down