versions: default to k8s v1.29, support k8s v1.30, EOL v1.27

[burgerdev]

Context

Kubernetes released v1.30 on 2024-04-17.

Proposed change(s)

• Remove support for k8s v1.27.
• Add support for k8s v1.30.
• Upgrade k8s components and CCM images to latest patch versions.

Additional info

• AB#4073

Checklist

• Run the E2E tests that are relevant to this PR's changes
  • Azure @ v1.30
  • GCP @ v1.30
  • AWS @ v1.30
  • Azure @ v1.29
  • GCP @ v1.29
  • AWS @ v1.29
  • Upgrade from Azure v2.16.4
  • Upgrade from GCP v2.16.4
  • Upgrade from AWS v2.16.4
  • GCP with Edgeless CCM:
    • 1.28 https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/actions/runs/9583900227
    • 1.29 https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/actions/runs/9583904569
    • 1.30 https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/actions/runs/9583907513
• Update docs
• Add labels (e.g., for changelog category)
• Is PR title adequate for changelog?
• Link to Milestone

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[daniel-weisse]

Also need to update the default K8s version used in our e2e tests

[daniel-weisse]

lgtm when test pass

[msanft]

If we EOL 1.27, we should also remove it from the release and weekly test matrix and run 1.30 instead.

[burgerdev]

Good catch, fixed in eec9ccc. I triggered a couple of upgrade tests, but won't add any more unless somebody insists.

[github-actions]

Coverage report

Package	Old	New	Trend
internal/versions	8.70%	8.70%	🚧