Consistent python version checks and troubleshooting (apache#42944)

Follow up after apache#42766 and apache#42936.

* We do not have to check for minimum Python version for Python 3.9
  any more (as we do not support 3.8 any more)
* While Python 3.12 is not yet fully supported by Apache Beam, we
  should still not allow it for releasing providers, but all other
  commands should support Python 3.12
* When you had pre-commit installed with Python 3.8 before, various
  errors might appear when running pre-commit. Troubleshooting
  was added quoting the errors and explaining what to do.

dev/breeze/doc/04_troubleshooting.rst

@@ -72,6 +72,38 @@ describe your problem.
     stated in `This comment <https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/43361#issuecomment-1227617516>`_ and allows to
     run Breeze with no problems.
 
+Cannot import name 'cache' or Python >=3.9 required
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+When you see this error:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    ImportError: cannot import name 'cache' from 'functools' (/Users/jarek/Library/Application Support/hatch/pythons/3.8/python/lib/python3.8/functools.py)
+
+or
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    ERROR: Package 'blacken-docs' requires a different Python: 3.8.18 not in '>=3.9'
+
+
+It means that your pre-commit hook is installed with (already End-Of-Life) Python 3.8 and you should reinstall
+it and clean pre-commit cache.
+
+This can be done (if you use ``pipx`` to install ``pre-commit``):
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pipx uninstall pre-commit
+    pipx install pre-commit --python $(which python3.9) --force
+    pre-commit clean
+    pre-commit install
+
+If you installed ``pre-commit`` differently, you should remove and reinstall
+it (and clean cache) in the way you installed it.
+
+
 Bad Interpreter Error
 ---------------------
 

dev/breeze/src/airflow_breeze/commands/release_management_commands.py

@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ def prepare_provider_packages(
     skip_tag_check: bool,
     version_suffix_for_pypi: str,
 ):
-    check_python_version()
+    check_python_version(release_provider_packages=True)
     perform_environment_checks()
     fix_ownership_using_docker()
     cleanup_python_generated_files()

dev/breeze/src/airflow_breeze/utils/python_versions.py

@@ -45,14 +45,12 @@ def get_python_version_list(python_versions: str) -> list[str]:
     return python_version_list
 
 
-def check_python_version():
-    error = False
-    if not sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
-        get_console().print("[error]At least Python 3.9 is required to prepare reproducible archives.\n")
-        error = True
-    if error:
+def check_python_version(release_provider_packages: bool = False):
+    if not sys.version_info < (3, 12) and release_provider_packages:
+        get_console().print("[error]Python 3.12 is not supported.\n")
         get_console().print(
-            "[warning]Please reinstall Breeze using Python 3.9 - 3.11 environment.[/]\n\n"
+            "[warning]Please reinstall Breeze using Python 3.9 - 3.11 environment because not all "
+            "provider packages support Python 3.12 yet.[/]\n\n"
             "For example:\n\n"
             "pipx uninstall apache-airflow-breeze\n"
             "pipx install --python $(which python3.9) -e ./dev/breeze --force\n"

providers/src/airflow/providers/apache/beam/provider.yaml

@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ additional-extras:
       - apache-beam[gcp]
 
 # Apache Beam currently does not support Python 3.12
-# There is an issue tracking it https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/29149
+# There is an issue tracking it https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/29149.
+# While the original issue above is closed, Apache Beam still does not support Python 3.12
+# because the dill version used by them break our PythonVirtualenvOperator when dill is enabled
+# See https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/32617
 excluded-python-versions: ['3.12']
 
 integrations: