chore(go/adbc): bump minimum version to go1.21, update deps #2549

Job	Run time
clang-tidy	5m 58s
Common Libraries (Conda/macos-latest)	7m 55s
Go (No CGO) (macos-latest)	3m 55s
C/C++ (Conda/macos-latest)	3m 41s
Common Libraries (Conda/macos-14)	3m 45s
Go (No CGO) (macos-14)	1m 32s
C/C++ (Conda/macos-14)	3m 16s
Common Libraries (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	3m 11s
Go (No CGO) (ubuntu-latest)	1m 8s
C/C++ (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	2m 16s
Go (No CGO) (windows-latest)	3m 30s
GLib/Ruby (Conda/macos-latest)	7m 14s
Go (CGO) (Conda/macos-latest)	6m 21s
GLib/Ruby (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	3m 45s
Go (CGO) (Conda/macos-14)	3m 42s
Documentation 3.11 (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	7m 39s
Go (CGO) (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	3m 18s
Python 3.9 (Conda/macos-latest)	4m 49s
Python 3.11 (Conda/macos-latest)	4m 28s
Python 3.9 (Conda/macos-14)	4m 36s
Python 3.11 (Conda/macos-14)	4m 35s
Python 3.9 (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	3m 56s
Python 3.11 (Conda/ubuntu-latest)	4m 2s
	1h 38m 32s

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