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12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions pcm/Human Action/01_04_04.md
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### Action as an Exchange
### Action as one Exchange

Action is an attempt to substitute a more satisfactory state of affairs for a less satisfactory one. We call such a willfully induced alteration an exchange. A less desirable condition is bartered for a more desirable. What gratifies less is abandoned in order to attain something that pleases more. That which is abandoned is called the price paid for the attainment of the end sought. The value of the price paid is called costs. Costs are equal to the value attached to the satisfaction which one must forego in order to attain the end aimed at.
Action na attempt to substitute state of affairs wey dey more satisfactory for state of affairs wey dey less satisfactory. We dey call dat kin alteration wey dey willfully induced an exchange. One condition wey dey less desirable dey bartered for one wey dey more desirable. Wateva wey dey gratify less dey dey abandoned in order to reach someting wey dey pleases more. Dat ting wey dem abandon an em dem dey call de price wey dem pay for de attainment of the end wey we dey pursue. De value of de price paid, na cost dem dey call am. Cost dey dey equal to de value wey dem attach to de satisfaction wey peson gat forego in order to reach de end wey dem dey pursue.

The difference between the value of the price paid (the costs incurred) and that of the goal attained is called gain or profit or net yield. Profit in this primary sense is purely subjective, it is an increase in the acting man's happiness, it is a psychical phenomenon that can be neither measured nor weighed. There is a more and a less in the removal of uneasiness felt; but how much one satisfaction surpasses another one can only be felt; it cannot be established and determined in an objective way. A judgment of value does not measure, it arranges in a scale of degrees, it grades. It is expressive of an order of preference and sequence, but not expressive of measure and weight. Only the ordinal numbers can be applied to it, but not the cardinal numbers.
De difference between de value of de price paid (de cost wey dem incurr) and de goal wey dem attain, na gain or profit or net yield we dey call am. Profit for dis primary sense dey purely subjective, na increase for de happiness of de man wey dey act, na psychical phenomenon wey dem nor fit measur or weigh. More dey and less too dey for de removal of de uneasiness wey dem feel; but na only feel peson fit dey feel how much one peson satisfaction dey surpass another; e nor fit dey established and determined for one objective way. One judgment of value nor dey measure, e dey arrange for scale of degrees, and e dey grade. E dey expressive of one order of preference and sequence, but e nor dey expressive for measure and weight. Na only de ordinal numbers we fit applied to am, but nor be de cardinal numbers.

It is vain to speak of any calculation of values. Calculation is possible only with cardinal numbers. The difference between the valuation of two states of affairs is entirely psychical and personal. It is not open to any projection into the external world. It can be sensed only by the individual. It cannot be communicated or imparted to any fellow man. It is an intensive magnitude.
Na vain to speak of wateva calculation of values. Calculation dey possible only wit cardinal numbers. De difference between de valuation of two states of affairs dey entirely psychical and personal. E nor dey open to any projection for de external world. Na only de individual fit sense am. Dem nor fit communicate or impart am to any fellow man. Na intensive magnitude e be.

Physiology and psychology have developed various methods by means of which they pretend to have attained a substitute for the unfeasible measurement of intensive magnitudes. There is no need for economics to enter into an examination of these rather questionable makeshifts. Their supporters themselves realize that they are not applicable to value judgments. But even if they were, they would not have any bearing on economic problems. For economics deals with action as such, and not with the psychical facts that result in definite actions.
Physiology and psychology don develop various methods thru wich dem dey pretend say dem don attain one substitute for de unfeasible measurement of intensive magnitudes. Economics nor need to enter to dey run examination for dis rather questionable makeshifts. Dem supporters themselves dey realize say dem nor dey applicable for value judgments. But even if dem be, dem for nor get any bearing at all on economic problems. For economics deals wit action wey be like dis one, and nor be wit de psychical facts wey dey result in definite actions.

It happens again and again that an action does not attain the end sought. Sometimes the result, although inferior to the end aimed at, is still an improvement when compared with the previous state of affairs; then there is still a profit, although a smaller one than that expected. But it can happen that the action produces a state of affairs less desirable than the previous state it was intended to alter. Then the difference between the valuation of the result and the costs incurred is called loss.
E dey happen all de time say one action nor dey reach de end wey dem dey seek. Sometimes de result, even if e dey inferior to de goal wey dem dey pursue, still be one improvement if we compare wit de previous state of affairs; den one profit still dey, even if say na one wey smalll pass de one wey dem dey expect. But e nor fit happen say dat action produce one state of affairs wey dey less desirable dan de previous state wey dem want am to alter. Den de difference between de valuation of de result and na loss dem de call de cost incurred.