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curl使用指南
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# 重定向跟中(-L)
# 重定向跟踪(-L)

当请求一个 URL 返回 301 之类的重定向响应时，可以使用 `-L`参数来自动重定向跟踪响应头里的 `Location`时

Expand All @@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ curl kino.com
curl -L kino.com
```

# 储存响应体到文件(-O)
# 储存响应体到文件(-o and -O)

使用 `-O`参数指定文件名，可以将响应结果存储到文件中
使用 `-o`参数指定文件名，可以将响应结果存储到文件中

```bash
% curl -o baidu.com https://www.baidu.com
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -65,6 +65,16 @@ curl -L kino.com
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp; <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a>&nbsp;京ICP证030173号&nbsp; <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
```

# 下载文件并显示下载进度(-o)

```bash
curl -# -o image.jpg https://images.pexels.com/photos/301599/pexels-photo-301599.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-pixabay-301599.jpg&fm=jpg
```





# 获取 HTTP 响应头(-i)

使用 `-i`参数可以查看请求 URL 的响应头
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -239,28 +249,14 @@ curl -u user:pass https://collector.github.com/github/collect
使用 `-v` 参数可以打印出 curl 请求的所有请求与响应详细日志。它是`--verbose` 的简写。

```bash
curl -v -I https://www.google.com/search?q=apple
curl -v https://github.com
```

输出

```bash
* Uses proxy env variable https_proxy == 'http://127.0.0.1:7890'
* Trying 127.0.0.1:7890...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 7890 (#0)
* allocate connect buffer!
* Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.google.com:443
> CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.google.com:443
> User-Agent: curl/7.79.1
> Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
<

* Proxy replied 200 to CONNECT request
* CONNECT phase completed!
* Trying 20.205.243.166:443...
* Connected to github.com (20.205.243.166) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
Expand All @@ -270,60 +266,25 @@ HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
* (304) (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* (304) (IN), TLS handshake, Unknown (8):
* (304) (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* (304) (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* (304) (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* (304) (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / AEAD-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=www.google.com
* start date: Sep 12 08:19:33 2022 GMT
* expire date: Dec 5 08:19:32 2022 GMT
* subjectAltName: host "www.google.com" matched cert's "www.google.com"
* issuer: C=US; O=Google Trust Services LLC; CN=GTS CA 1C3
* SSL certificate verify ok.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multiplexing
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x11e811e00)
> HEAD /search?q=apple HTTP/2
> Host: www.google.com
> user-agent: curl/7.79.1
> accept: */*
>
< HTTP/2 200
HTTP/2 200
< content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
< content-security-policy: object-src 'none';base-uri 'self';script-src 'nonce-wUkC55A701sqS5Qln6pt_g' 'strict-dynamic' 'report-sample' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline' https: http:;report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/gws/xsrp
content-security-policy: object-src 'none';base-uri 'self';script-src 'nonce-wUkC55A701sqS5Qln6pt_g' 'strict-dynamic' 'report-sample' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline' https: http:;report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/gws/xsrp
< p3p: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."
p3p: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."
< date: Sun, 09 Oct 2022 04:06:51 GMT
date: Sun, 09 Oct 2022 04:06:51 GMT
< server: gws
server: gws
< x-xss-protection: 0
x-xss-protection: 0
< x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
< expires: Sun, 09 Oct 2022 04:06:51 GMT
expires: Sun, 09 Oct 2022 04:06:51 GMT
< cache-control: private
cache-control: private
< set-cookie: 1P_JAR=2022-10-09-04; expires=Tue, 08-Nov-2022 04:06:51 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; Secure
set-cookie: 1P_JAR=2022-10-09-04; expires=Tue, 08-Nov-2022 04:06:51 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; Secure
< set-cookie: AEC=AakniGPqghCzHz15NJDUX_xon5xRGBXvszny_ykPtKQJN2WXiH4oWe-tAc0; expires=Fri, 07-Apr-2023 04:06:51 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=lax
set-cookie: AEC=AakniGPqghCzHz15NJDUX_xon5xRGBXvszny_ykPtKQJN2WXiH4oWe-tAc0; expires=Fri, 07-Apr-2023 04:06:51 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=lax
< set-cookie: NID=511=SZ36T0r82h6oqmrS8GHleLymMiU-wAMSjME6bv4QEz5KwZva20eIEcVt4UsLox7JtNL_ozV4pWOl4ZMyx8DuOGFbWE55zLdcaTiJtKPEWGfriEk-hCfvKkzUETjuUEClG9vrl3XuAdDbuSFh-JIZgLLmCr5WY7mULs3T2oP2s8k; expires=Mon, 10-Apr-2023 04:06:51 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly
set-cookie: NID=511=SZ36T0r82h6oqmrS8GHleLymMiU-wAMSjME6bv4QEz5KwZva20eIEcVt4UsLox7JtNL_ozV4pWOl4ZMyx8DuOGFbWE55zLdcaTiJtKPEWGfriEk-hCfvKkzUETjuUEClG9vrl3XuAdDbuSFh-JIZgLLmCr5WY7mULs3T2oP2s8k; expires=Mon, 10-Apr-2023 04:06:51 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly
< alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000,quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43"
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000,quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43"
<
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
.....
```
如果你想要更详细的信息，可以通过下面的命令，查看更详细的通信过程：
```bash
curl --trace output.txt https://github.com
# or
curl --trace-ascii output.txt https://github.com
```
更进一步，如果想知道，一次传输中所消耗时间（毫秒数），添加 --trace-time 参数即可：
```bash
curl --trace-ascii output.txt --trace-time https://github.com
```
# 限制 HTTP 带宽 (--limit-rate)
默认情况下，curl 使用最大可用带宽，但是通常我们需要放慢速度进行测试。可以使用`--limit-rate` 来限制 curl 的请求和响应的带宽，让请求与响应变慢。
Expand All @@ -334,6 +295,97 @@ curl --limit-rate 200k https://github.com
上面的命令将 curl 限制在每秒 200K 字节。
# 上传二进制文件（-F）
-F 参数用来向服务器上传二进制文件。如下命令会给 HTTP 请求加上标头Content-Type: multipart/form-data，然后将文件example.png作为file字段上传。
```bash
curl -F '[email protected]' https://example.com/files
```
-F参数可以指定 MIME 类型。如下命令指定 MIME 类型为image/png，否则 curl 会把 MIME 类型设为application/octet-stream。
```bash
curl -F '[email protected];type=image/png' https://example.com/files
```
-F 参数也可以指定文件名。在下面的命令中，原始文件名为 example.png，但是服务器接收到的文件名为profile.png。
```bash
curl -F '[email protected];filename=me.png' https://example.com/files
```
托管线上文件
```bash
curl -F'url=http://example.cn/img.jpg' https://example.com/files
```
# **获取所在地 ip**
```bash
curl -L tool.lu/ip
# or
curl -L ip.tool.lu
```
# 获取天气预报
```bash
curl wttr.in
Weather report: Shenzhen, China

\ / Sunny
.-. +29(32) °C
― ( ) ― ↙ 11 km/h
`-’ 10 km
/ \ 0.0 mm
┌─────────────┐
┌──────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────┤ Sun 09 Oct ├───────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┐
│ Morning │ Noon └──────┬──────┘ Evening │ Night │
├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│ \ / Sunny │ \ / Sunny │ \ / Partly cloudy │ \ / Clear │
│ .-. +28(30) °C │ .-. +34(38) °C │ _ /"".-. +30(31) °C │ .-. +25(26) °C │
│ ― ( ) ― ↙ 9-10 km/h │ ― ( ) ― ↓ 10-12 km/h │ \_( ). ↙ 18-26 km/h │ ― ( ) ― ↓ 27-31 km/h │
│ `-’ 10 km │ `-’ 10 km │ /(___(__) 10 km │ `-’ 10 km │
│ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │ 0.0 mm | 0% │ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │
└──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────┐
┌──────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────┤ Mon 10 Oct ├───────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┐
│ Morning │ Noon └──────┬──────┘ Evening │ Night │
├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│ \ / Partly cloudy │ \ / Partly cloudy │ \ / Partly cloudy │ \ / Clear │
│ _ /"".-. +22(24) °C │ _ /"".-. 27 °C │ _ /"".-. 26 °C │ .-. 24 °C │
│ \_( ). ↓ 26-30 km/h │ \_( ). ↓ 23-26 km/h │ \_( ). ↓ 19-26 km/h │ ― ( ) ― ↓ 17-25 km/h │
│ /(___(__) 10 km │ /(___(__) 10 km │ /(___(__) 10 km │ `-’ 10 km │
│ 0.0 mm | 0% │ 0.0 mm | 0% │ 0.0 mm | 0% │ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │
└──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────┐
┌──────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────┤ Tue 11 Oct ├───────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┐
│ Morning │ Noon └──────┬──────┘ Evening │ Night │
├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│ \ / Sunny │ \ / Sunny │ \ / Sunny │ \ / Clear │
│ .-. +24(23) °C │ .-. +30(28) °C │ .-. +27(26) °C │ .-. +24(25) °C │
│ ― ( ) ― ↙ 14-17 km/h │ ― ( ) ― ↙ 13-14 km/h │ ― ( ) ― ← 6-7 km/h │ ― ( ) ― ← 8-11 km/h │
│ `-’ 10 km │ `-’ 10 km │ `-’ 10 km │ `-’ 10 km │
│ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │ / \ 0.0 mm | 0% │
└──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘
Follow @igor_chubin for wttr.in updates
```
**参考链接**
- Everything curl https://everything.curl.de
Expand Down

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