nginx 基础

README.md

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 <details>
 <summary>Nginx</summary>
 
+- [nginx 基础](note/nginx/nginx基础.md)
+
 - [nginx](note/nginx/nginx.md)
 - [nginx常用操作](note/nginx/nginx常用操作.md)
 - [alias和root的区别](note/nginx/alias和root的区别.md)

note/nginx/nginx基础.md

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+---
+# 一、Nginx 安装部署
+## 1.1 安装编译工具及库文件
+```bash
+$ yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel
+```
+## 1.2 安装 pcre
+pcre 作用是 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能
+```bash
+$ cd /usr/local/src
+$ wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
+$ tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
+$ cd pcre-8.35
+$ ./configure
+$ make && make install
+$ pcre-config --version
+8.35
+```
+## 1.3 编译安装 nginx
+[Nginx 下载地址](http://nginx.org/)
+```bash
+# 查看编译的帮助文档
+$ ./configure --help
+
+  # 如果下面几个参数没有设置, 默认都放在 --prefix 指定的路径下
+  --prefix=PATH                      set installation prefix
+  --sbin-path=PATH                   set nginx binary pathname
+  --modules-path=PATH                set modules path
+  --conf-path=PATH                   set nginx.conf pathname
+  --error-log-path=PATH              set error log pathname
+  --pid-path=PATH                    set nginx.pid pathname
+  --lock-path=PATH                   set nginx.lock pathname
+
+ # --with 和 --without 是确认需要使用什么模块和不使用哪些模块
+ # --with: 默认不会被编译进 nginx 中, 编译需要手动指定
+ --with-*****
+ # --without: 默认会被编译进 nginx 中, 不编译需要手动指定
+ --without-*****
+
+# 使用默认编译
+$ ./configure --prefix=/app/nginx/    # 将nginx 编译到 /app/nginx 目录下
+# 编译完成后会输出如下信息: 
+...
+Configuration summary
+  + using system PCRE library
+  + OpenSSL library is not used
+  + using system zlib library
+
+  nginx path prefix: "/app/nginx/"
+  nginx binary file: "/app/nginx//sbin/nginx"
+  nginx modules path: "/app/nginx//modules"
+  nginx configuration prefix: "/app/nginx//conf"
+  nginx configuration file: "/app/nginx//conf/nginx.conf"
+  nginx pid file: "/app/nginx//logs/nginx.pid"
+  nginx error log file: "/app/nginx//logs/error.log"
+  nginx http access log file: "/app/nginx//logs/access.log"
+  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
+  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
+  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
+  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
+  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
+
+# 编译完成后, 会在 nginx/objs/ 目录(中间文件)下生成 ngx_modules.c 文件, 这个文件包含了编译时会被编译进去的模块
+$ cat objs/ngx_modules.c
+...
+
+$ make && make install
+
+$ cd /app/nginx && ll
+drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月  20 18:56 conf
+drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   40 8月  20 18:56 html
+drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 8月  20 18:56 logs
+drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   19 8月  20 18:56 sbin
+```
+
+# 二、Nginx 目录结构
+```bash
+$ cd /usr/local/nginx && ls 
+client_body_temp conf fastcgi_temp html logs proxy_temp sbin scgi_temp uwsgi_temp
+```
+其中这几个文件夹在刚安装后是没有的，主要用来存放运行过程中的临时文件
+```bash
+client_body_temp fastcgi_temp proxy_temp scgi_temp
+```
+- conf: 用来存放配置文件相关
+- html: 用来存放静态文件的默认目录 html、css等
+- sbin: nginx的主程序
+
+# 三、Nginx 常用命令
+```bash
+$ cd /usr/local/nginx/
+```
+## 3.1 帮助
+```bash
+$ sbin/nginx -help
+nginx version: nginx/1.19.6
+Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-p prefix]
+             [-e filename] [-c filename] [-g directives]
+
+Options:
+  -?,-h         : this help
+  -v            : show version and exit
+  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
+  -t            : test configuration and exit
+  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit
+  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
+  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
+  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
+  -e filename   : set error log file (default: logs/error.log)
+  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
+  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
+```
+## 3.2 启动
+```bash
+$ ps -ef | grep nginx
+root      17986  11127  0 18:49 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
+$ sbin/nginx 
+$ ps -ef | grep nginx
+root      17989      1  0 18:49 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process sbin/nginx
+nobody    17990  17989  0 18:49 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
+root      17992  11127  0 18:49 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
+```
+## 3.3 暴力停止
+```bash
+$ sbin/nginx -s stop
+```
+## 3.4 优雅停止
+```bash
+$ sbin/nginx -s quit
+```
+## 3.4 重新加载配置文件
+```bash
+$ sbin/nginx -s reload
+```
+## 3.5 指定启动的配置文件
+```bash
+$ sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
+```
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+# 四、反向代理