digest: expose `AssociatedAlgorithmIdentifier` through `CoreWrapper` #1092

Job	Run time
build (1.66.0, thumbv7em-none-eabi)	1m 43s
build (1.66.0, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 32s
test (1.66.0)	1m 48s
build (stable, thumbv7em-none-eabi)	8s
test (stable)	29s
build (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	11s
	5m 51s

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