cargo: point `repository` metadata to clonable URLs #838

Job	Run time
build (1.72.0, thumbv7em-none-eabi)	19s
build (1.72.0, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	16s
build (stable, thumbv7em-none-eabi)	15s
build (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	22s
test (1.72.0)	22s
test (stable)	12s
minimal-versions / minimal-versions	27s
	2m 13s

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