Merge pull request #337 from NREL/develop

Add ElectricHeater Technology

.github/workflows/CI.yml

@@ -23,18 +23,4 @@ jobs:
       - uses: julia-actions/julia-buildpkg@latest
       # - uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3  # for interactive debugging
       - run: julia --project=. -e 'using Pkg; Pkg.activate("test"); Pkg.rm("Xpress"); Pkg.activate("."); using TestEnv; TestEnv.activate(); cd("test"); include("runtests.jl")'
-        shell: bash
-
-  xpresstests:
-      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-      steps:
-        - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        - name: Decrypt
-          env:
-            TRANSCRYPT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.TRANSCRYPT_PASSWORD }}
-          run: ./.github/scripts/decrypt.sh 
-        - name: Build containers
-          run: docker-compose up -d
-        - name: Execute tests in container
-          run: docker exec jul julia --project=. -e 'import Pkg; Pkg.test("REopt"; test_args=["Xpress"])'
+        shell: bash

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ Classify the change according to the following categories:
     ### Deprecated
     ### Removed
 
+## v0.39.0
+### Added
+- Added new technology `ElectricHeater` which uses electricity as input and provides heating as output; load balancing constraints have been updated accordingly
+
 ## v0.38.2
 ### Added 
 - Added the following BAU outputs:  lifecycle_chp_standby_cost_after_tax, lifecycle_elecbill_after_tax, lifecycle_production_incentive_after_tax, lifecycle_outage_cost, lifecycle_MG_upgrade_and_fuel_cost

Project.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name = "REopt"
 uuid = "d36ad4e8-d74a-4f7a-ace1-eaea049febf6"
 authors = ["Nick Laws", "Hallie Dunham <[email protected]>", "Bill Becker <[email protected]>", "Bhavesh Rathod <[email protected]>", "Alex Zolan <[email protected]>", "Amanda Farthing <[email protected]>"]
-version = "0.38.2"
+version = "0.39.0"
 
 [deps]
 ArchGDAL = "c9ce4bd3-c3d5-55b8-8973-c0e20141b8c3"

data/electric_heater/electric_heater_defaults.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+    "installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour": 154902,
+    "om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour": 0.0,
+    "macrs_option_years": 0,
+    "macrs_bonus_fraction": 0.0,
+    "can_supply_steam_turbine": false,
+    "cop": 1.0
+}

docs/src/developer/organization.md

@@ -35,6 +35,3 @@ System Advisor Model libraries used by this package for the Wind model.
 
 ## test
 Built-in tests for several different solvers.
-
-## transcrypt
-A small executable for encrypting the xpauth.xpr license file that is used by NREL developers.

src/REopt.jl

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ include("core/electric_tariff.jl")
 include("core/chp.jl")
 include("core/ghp.jl")
 include("core/steam_turbine.jl")
+include("core/electric_heater.jl")
 include("core/scenario.jl")
 include("core/bau_scenario.jl")
 include("core/reopt_inputs.jl")
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ include("results/chp.jl")
 include("results/flexible_hvac.jl")
 include("results/ghp.jl")
 include("results/steam_turbine.jl")
+include("results/electric_heater.jl")
 include("results/heating_cooling_load.jl")
 
 include("core/reopt.jl")

src/constraints/load_balance.jl

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ function add_elec_load_balance_constraints(m, p; _n="")
                 + m[Symbol("dvCurtail"*_n)][t, ts] for t in p.techs.elec)
             + sum(m[Symbol("dvGridToStorage"*_n)][b, ts] for b in p.s.storage.types.elec)
             + sum(m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t, ts] / p.cop[t] for t in p.techs.cooling)
+            + sum(m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t,ts] / p.heating_cop[t] for t in p.techs.electric_heater)
             + p.s.electric_load.loads_kw[ts]
             - p.s.cooling_load.loads_kw_thermal[ts] / p.cop["ExistingChiller"]
             + sum(p.ghp_electric_consumption_kw[g,ts] * m[Symbol("binGHP"*_n)][g] for g in p.ghp_options)
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ function add_elec_load_balance_constraints(m, p; _n="")
                 + m[Symbol("dvCurtail"*_n)][t, ts] for t in p.techs.elec)
             + sum(m[Symbol("dvGridToStorage"*_n)][b, ts] for b in p.s.storage.types.elec)
             + sum(m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t, ts] / p.cop[t] for t in p.techs.cooling)
+            + sum(m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t,ts] / p.heating_cop[t] for t in p.techs.electric_heater)
             + p.s.electric_load.loads_kw[ts]
             - p.s.cooling_load.loads_kw_thermal[ts] / p.cop["ExistingChiller"]
             + sum(p.ghp_electric_consumption_kw[g,ts] * m[Symbol("binGHP"*_n)][g] for g in p.ghp_options)

src/constraints/storage_constraints.jl

@@ -119,6 +119,22 @@ function add_hot_thermal_storage_dispatch_constraints(m, p, b; _n="")
         end
     end
 
+    if !isempty(p.techs.electric_heater)
+        for t in p.techs.electric_heater
+            if !isempty(p.techs.steam_turbine) && (t in p.techs.can_supply_steam_turbine)
+                @constraint(m, [b in p.s.storage.types.hot, ts in p.time_steps],
+                        m[Symbol("dvProductionToStorage"*_n)][b,t,ts] + m[Symbol("dvThermalToSteamTurbine"*_n)][t,ts]  <=
+                        m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t,ts]
+                        )
+            else
+                @constraint(m, [b in p.s.storage.types.hot, ts in p.time_steps],
+                        m[Symbol("dvProductionToStorage"*_n)][b,t,ts]  <=
+                        m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t,ts]
+                        )
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
     # Constraint (4f)-1b: SteamTurbineTechs
 	if !isempty(p.techs.steam_turbine)
 		@constraint(m, SteamTurbineTechProductionFlowCon[b in p.s.storage.types.hot, t in p.techs.steam_turbine, ts in p.time_steps],

src/constraints/thermal_tech_constraints.jl

@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@ function add_boiler_tech_constraints(m, p; _n="")
         )
     )
 
-    # Constraint (7_heating_prod_size): Production limit based on size for boiler
-    @constraint(m, [t in p.techs.boiler, ts in p.time_steps],
-        m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t,ts] <= m[Symbol("dvSize"*_n)][t]
-    )
-
     m[:TotalBoilerPerUnitProdOMCosts] = 0.0
     if "Boiler" in p.techs.boiler  # ExistingBoiler does not have om_cost_per_kwh
         m[:TotalBoilerPerUnitProdOMCosts] = @expression(m, p.third_party_factor * p.pwf_om *
@@ -28,6 +23,13 @@ function add_boiler_tech_constraints(m, p; _n="")
     end
 end
 
+function add_heating_tech_constraints(m, p; _n="")
+    # Constraint (7_heating_prod_size): Production limit based on size for non-electricity-producing heating techs
+    @constraint(m, [t in setdiff(p.techs.heating, p.techs.elec), ts in p.time_steps],
+        m[Symbol("dvThermalProduction"*_n)][t,ts] <= m[Symbol("dvSize"*_n)][t]
+    )
+end
+
 function add_cooling_tech_constraints(m, p; _n="")
     # Constraint (7_cooling_prod_size): Production limit based on size for boiler
     @constraint(m, [t in p.techs.cooling, ts in p.time_steps_with_grid],

src/core/bau_inputs.jl

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ function BAUInputs(p::REoptInputs)
     om_cost_per_kw = Dict(t => 0.0 for t in techs.all)
     cop = Dict(t => 0.0 for t in techs.cooling)
     thermal_cop = Dict{String, Float64}()
+    heating_cop = Dict{String, Float64}()
     production_factor = DenseAxisArray{Float64}(undef, techs.all, p.time_steps)
     tech_renewable_energy_fraction = Dict(t => 0.0 for t in techs.all)
     # !!! note: tech_emissions_factors are in lb / kWh of fuel burned (gets multiplied by kWh of fuel burned, not kWh electricity consumption, ergo the use of the HHV instead of fuel slope)
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ function BAUInputs(p::REoptInputs)
         tech_emissions_factors_SO2, 
         tech_emissions_factors_PM25,
         p.techs_operating_reserve_req_fraction,
+        heating_cop,
         unavailability
     )
 end

src/core/electric_heater.jl

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# REopt®, Copyright (c) Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. See also https://github.com/NREL/REopt.jl/blob/master/LICENSE.
+
+struct ElectricHeater <: AbstractThermalTech
+    min_kw::Real
+    max_kw::Real
+    installed_cost_per_kw::Real
+    om_cost_per_kw::Real
+    macrs_option_years::Int
+    macrs_bonus_fraction::Real
+    can_supply_steam_turbine::Bool
+    cop::Real
+end
+
+
+"""
+ElectricHeater
+
+If a user provides the `ElectricHeater` key then the optimal scenario has the option to purchase 
+this new `ElectricHeater` to meet the heating load in addition to using the `ExistingBoiler`
+ to meet the heating load. 
+
+```julia
+function ElectricHeater(;
+    min_mmbtu_per_hour::Real = 0.0, # Minimum thermal power size
+    max_mmbtu_per_hour::Real = BIG_NUMBER, # Maximum thermal power size
+    installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour::Union{Real, nothing} = nothing, # Thermal power-based cost
+    om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour::Union{Real, nothing} = nothing, # Thermal power-based fixed O&M cost
+    macrs_option_years::Int = 0, # MACRS schedule for financial analysis. Set to zero to disable
+    macrs_bonus_fraction::Real = 0.0, # Fraction of upfront project costs to depreciate under MACRS
+    can_supply_steam_turbine::Union{Bool, nothing} = nothing # If the boiler can supply steam to the steam turbine for electric production
+    cop::Union{Real, nothing} = nothing # COP of the heating (i.e., thermal produced / electricity consumed)
+)
+```
+"""
+function ElectricHeater(;
+        min_mmbtu_per_hour::Real = 0.0,
+        max_mmbtu_per_hour::Real = BIG_NUMBER,
+        installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour::Union{Real, Nothing} = nothing,
+        om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour::Union{Real, Nothing} = nothing,
+        macrs_option_years::Int = 0,
+        macrs_bonus_fraction::Real = 0.0,
+        can_supply_steam_turbine::Union{Bool, Nothing} = nothing,
+        cop::Union{Real, Nothing} = nothing
+    )
+
+    defaults = get_electric_heater_defaults()
+
+    # populate defaults as needed
+    if isnothing(installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour)
+        installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour = defaults["installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour"]
+    end
+    if isnothing(om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour)
+        om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour = defaults["om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour"]
+    end
+    if isnothing(can_supply_steam_turbine)
+        can_supply_steam_turbine = defaults["can_supply_steam_turbine"]
+    end
+    if isnothing(cop)
+        cop = defaults["cop"]
+    end
+
+    # Convert max sizes, cost factors from mmbtu_per_hour to kw
+    min_kw = min_mmbtu_per_hour * KWH_PER_MMBTU
+    max_kw = max_mmbtu_per_hour * KWH_PER_MMBTU
+
+
+    installed_cost_per_kw = installed_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour / KWH_PER_MMBTU
+    om_cost_per_kw = om_cost_per_mmbtu_per_hour / KWH_PER_MMBTU
+
+
+    ElectricHeater(
+        min_kw,
+        max_kw,
+        installed_cost_per_kw,
+        om_cost_per_kw,
+        macrs_option_years,
+        macrs_bonus_fraction,
+        can_supply_steam_turbine,
+        cop
+    )
+end
+
+
+
+"""
+function get_electric_heater_defaults()
+
+Obtains defaults for the electric heater from a JSON data file. 
+
+inputs
+None
+
+returns
+eh_defaults::Dict -- Dictionary containing defaults for electric heater
+"""
+function get_electric_heater_defaults()
+    eh_defaults = JSON.parsefile(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "..", "..", "data", "electric_heater", "electric_heater_defaults.json"))
+    return eh_defaults
+end

src/core/reopt.jl

@@ -274,6 +274,10 @@ function build_reopt!(m::JuMP.AbstractModel, p::REoptInputs)
 			m[:TotalTechCapCosts] += sum(p.s.chp.supplementary_firing_capital_cost_per_kw * m[:dvSupplementaryFiringSize][t] for t in p.techs.chp)
         end
 
+        if !isempty(setdiff(p.techs.heating, p.techs.elec))
+            add_heating_tech_constraints(m, p)
+        end
+
         if !isempty(p.techs.boiler)
             add_boiler_tech_constraints(m, p)
 			m[:TotalPerUnitProdOMCosts] += m[:TotalBoilerPerUnitProdOMCosts]