The OLCUT is a group of utilities that facilitate making pluggable software components with standard and interoperable command line interfaces. It has its roots in the Sphinx 4 speech recognizer but has been significantly extended. These pieces can be used in concert or independently:
- The Configuration System provides runtime configuration management without recompilation
- The Options Processor cleanly processes command-line arguments, including configuration changes
- The Command Interpreter provides an Annotation-based interactive shell with tab completion
- Additional Odds & Ends provide helpful utility classes
This toolkit has been used for many projects over the years and has grown to suit the needs of a varied user-base.
OLCUT's main components (i.e. olcut-core, olcut-config-json, olcut-config-protobuf and olcut-config-edn) are available on Maven Central.
Maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.oracle.labs.olcut</groupId>
<artifactId>olcut-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.0</version>
</dependency>or from Gradle:
implementation 'com.oracle.labs.olcut:olcut-core:5.3.0'The olcut-extras artifact is designed as a small tool for developers, as such you should compile the appropriate
version based on your needs.
The OLCUT Configuration System uses runtime dependency-injection to instantiate configurable components on the fly based on the contents of your configuration file. It allows you to both specify the parameters ("properties") that should be given to the components at initialization time as well as which types of objects should actually be instantiated for each component. By default it uses an XML file to describe the configuration, though edn, json and protobuf formats are available. OLCUT uses Java Annotations extensively to facilitate code integration.
<config>
<component name="myArchive" type="com.example.ArchiveImpl">
<property name="store" value="diskStore"/>
<property name="maxAgeYears" value="10"/>
</component>
<component name="diskStore" type="com.example.DiskStore">
<property name="path" value="/tmp/diskStore"/>
</component>
<component name="dbStore" type="com.example.DatabaseStore">
<property name="jdbcURL" value="jdbc:foodb:/connection/string"/>
</component>
</config>This simple example shows how a class representing an Archive of some sort can be parameterized via the configuration file to specify, at runtime, whether it should use a storage mechanism on disk or in a database. The disk and database components are also declared and can be referenced by name. Those components, when pointing at a properly annotated class, are loaded automatically when the Archive is loaded:
ConfigurationManager cm = new ConfiguratonManager("/path/to/my/config.xml");
ArchiveImpl archive = (ArchiveImpl)cm.lookup("myArchive");To be able to load your ArchiveImpl concrete class like this, simply annotate the appropriate fields.
public class ArchiveImpl implements Archive {
@Config
protected int maxAgeYears = 5;
@Config(mandatory = true)
protected Store store = null;
// ...
}This is just a small sample of what the Configuration system can do. It supports inheritance, many configurable types, command line overrides, self-description, and multiple file formats including JSON, edn, and protobuf.
Read all about the Configuration System.
While technically part of the Configuration System, OLCUT's Options mechanism can be used independently of it as well. It allows for clean processing of command line arguments and fully understands the Configuration system. While there's a lot the options processing can do, getting started with it is pretty straightforward.
public class ArchiveMain {
public static class ArchiveOptions implements Options {
@Option(charName='a', longName='add', usage="add a file to the archive")
public File fileToAdd = null;
@Option(charName='d', longName='delete', usage="remove a file from the archive")
public String fileNameToRemove = null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ArchiveOptions opts = new ArchiveOptions();
ConfigurationManager cm = new ConfigurationManager(args, opts);
// ... check fields in opts for option values ...
}
}The Options mechanism can automatically generate usage messages, override values in configuration files, and supports almost all of the object types that the Configuration System supports.
Read all about Options Processing.
OLCUT provides a Command Interpreter that can be used for invoking or interacting with your software. It can be used as a test harness to poke and prod different parts of your code, or can be used inside a JVM that is also running other pieces of software that you'd like to monitor or in some other way interact with. It is also a great way to build simple shell-based utilities without having to make a million different main classes or command line arguments.
Start by defining some commands inside any class where they make sense:
public class ArchiveImpl implements Archive, CommandGroup {
// ...
@Command(usage="<ageInYears> - list all docs older than age")
public String listOlderThan(CommandInterpreter ci, int years) {
int count = 0;
for (Doc d : store.documents()) {
if (d.age() > years) {
ci.println(d.getName());
count++;
}
}
return "Found " + count + " documents";
}
@Command(usage="<file> - add a file to the archive")
public String add(CommandInterpreter ci, File path) {
store.addFile(path);
return "";
}
} Note that ArchiveImpl is now also a CommandGroup. CommandGroup also needs simple methods that define its name and description, not shown.
Commands are any methods that return a String, take a CommandInterpreter as their first argument, and take any supported primitive as additional arguments.
Start a shell that knows those commands like this:
CommandInterpreter shell = new CommandInterpreter();
shell.setPrompt("archsh%% "); // need to escape the %
shell.add(archiveImplInstance);
shell.start();When you run this code, you'll get your Archive shell prompt and can type your commands:
archsh% listOlderThan 5
<output here ...>
archsh% add /tmp/some-file.pdf
The Command Interpreter provides help based on your usage statements, supports custom tab completion, many primitive types as arguments, history, readline-style editing, optional parameters, and more.
The Command Interpreter is built around JLine3 and supports the native platforms that JLine3 supports: Solaris, Linux, OS X, FreeBSD, and Windows.
Read more about the Command Interpreter.
OLCUT provides a system for extracting the state of configurable objects into immutable Provenance objects used to record the state of a computation. It's heavily used in Tribuo to record a trainer and dataset configuration. It can optionally include non-configurable state. It supports conversion to a marshalled format which can be easily serialised and deserialised from JSON, xml or protobuf.
Provenance objects can be converted back into a list of configurations, which can be used to recreate the config file that generated that provenance. This can be used to recover the training configuration of an ML system from a model, and regenerate the model (either on new data, or with tweaked parameters).
OLCUT provides a number of odds-and-ends utility classes that we find ourselves using
over and over. These are found in the com.oracle.labs.mlrg.olcut.util package.
In no particular order, they are as follows:
| Utility | Description |
|---|---|
| Channel, File, & IO Utils | ChannelUtil has helpers for interacting with java.nio.channels. FileUtil has methods for operating on directories. IOUtil has many many functions for building Input and OutputStreams of various kinds. These are particularly helpful for finding resources that might be in your jar, on your filesystem, or at a particular URL. Many of these methods automatically un-gzip input streams if they are gzipped. |
| Log Formatter | There are two java.util.logging log formatters (LabsLogFormatter and SimpleLabsLogFormatter that have a nice single line logging output. They also have a static method that sets all the loggers to use the appropriate formatter, which makes integrating them simpler. |
| LRA Cache | An extension of a LinkedHashMap that acts as a least recently accessed cache. |
| Date Parser | The CDateParser can parse dates in almost 90 different formats that we've seen, returning a Java Date object without complaining. |
| Getopt | Getopt is now deprecated. Use Options Processing instead. This is still here if you need something small and simple. |
| Mutable Primitive Objects | Mutable types for Double, Long, and Number for use in, for example, Maps when you don't want to unbox and rebox the true primitives with every update. |
| Pair | It's a pair class. The fields are final and it has equals and hash code so you can use it as a key in a map or store it in a set. Having Pair here greatly reduces the number of other places you have a Pair class defined. |
| Timers | StopWatch and NanoWatch provide handy timers, at millisecond or nanosecond granularity. |
| Sort Utilities | SortUtil rovides a sort function which returns the indices that the input elements should be rearranged. Very useful for finding the original position of a sorted object without zipping it yourself. |
| Stream Utilities | In Java 8 the stream API can run inside a Fork-Join Pool to bound the parallelism, but it does not bound the computation of the chunk size correctly. StreamUtil provides a bounded stream which knows how many threads are allocated, and so calculates the correct work chunk size. It also has methods for zipping two streams, and a special spliterator (IOSpliterator) which chunks work appropriately for reading from a IO system like a DB or a file. |
| SubprocessConnection | Provides a simple mechanism for communicating over stdio with a subprocess (e.g. python script or an executable). |
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