Cryptology

Type	Function
RNG	$S \rightarrow R$
Hash	$P \rightarrow H$ or $P \xrightarrow{K} H$
Symmetric	$P \xrightarrow{K} C \xrightarrow{K} P$
Asymmetric	$P \xrightarrow{K_e} C \xrightarrow{K_d} P$
Functional	$P \xrightarrow{K} C \xrightarrow{K_{f(x)}} f(P)$
Homomorphic	$P \xrightarrow{K} C \xrightarrow{f} f(C) \xrightarrow{K} f(P)$
Protocol	$P,S \xrightarrow{?} C,H \xrightarrow{?} P \ \text{or}\ f(P)\ \text{or}\ C$
Cryptanalysis	$C \rightarrow P\ $ or $\ C,P \rightarrow K$

Random Number Generation

• True Random Number Generators
• Pseudorandom Number Generators
  • Linear Congruential Generator
  • Linear Feedback Shift Registers (Python)
  • Cryptographically Secure Pseudorandom Number Generator

Hash Functions

• Universal Hashing

Checksums

• Cyclic redundancy checks
  • CRC-16
  • CRC-32
  • CRC-64
• Internet checksum

Non-cryptographic Hash Functions

• wyhash
• xxHash

Unkeyed Cryptographic Hash Functions

• Message-Digest
  • MD2
  • MD4
  • MD5
  • MD6
• Secure Hash Algorithm
  • SHA-0
  • SHA-1
  • SHA-2
    • SHA-224
    • SHA-256
    • SHA-384
    • SHA-512
  • SHA-3 (Keccak)

Keyed Cryptographic Hash Functions

• CBC-MAC
• HMAC
• MD6
• One-key MAC
  • OMAC1 (CMAC)
  • OMAC2

Symmetric Cryptography

Stream Ciphers

Ciphers

• XOR
• RC4
• Salsa20
  • ChaCha
• Trivium

eSTREAM portfolio:

• Software

  • HC-128
  • Rabbit
  • Salsa20
  • SOSEMANUK

• Hardware

  • Grain
  • MICKEY
  • Trivium

Block Ciphers

Ciphers

• AES (Rijndael)
• Blowfish
  • Twofish
  • Threefish
• DES
  • Triple DES
  • DES-X
• IDEA
• Rivert Ciphers
  • RC2
  • RC5
  • RC6
• SM4
• TEA
  • TEA
  • XTEA
  • XXTEA

Asymmetric Cryptography

• Integer Factorization
  • RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman)
    • PKCS #1
• Discrete Logarithms
  • DH
  • Elliptic Curves
    • Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
• Lattice
• Key Encapsulation Mechanism

Functional Encryption

Homomorphic Encryption

Cryptographic Protocols

• Authenticated Encryption
• Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
• Transport Layer Security (TLS)
• Messaging Layer Security (MLS)
• Man-in-the-Middle Attack

Cryptanalysis

• Kerckhoffs's Principle
• Security Level
• Attack Models