add example of generating Q&As on IRS pdf #140
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goldmermaid
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| " {'output': [{'response': [\"instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## 6.\\nGenerally, you can only deduct taxes in the year you pay them. This applies whether you use the cash method or an accrual method of accounting.\\nUnder an accrual method, you can deduct a tax before you pay it if you meet the exception for recurring items discussed under _Economic Performance_ in Pub. 538. You can also elect to atably accrue real estate taxes as discussed later under _Real Estate Taxes_. See also _Foreign income taxes_, discussed later.\\n**Limitation on acceleration of accreval of taxes.** A taxing jurisdiction can require the use of a date for accreving taxes that is earlier than the date it originally required. However, if you use an accreval method, and can deduct the tax before you pay it, use the original accreval date for the year of change and all future years to determine when you can deduct the tax.\\n_Example._ Your state imposes a tax on personal property used in a trade or business conducted in the state. This tax is assessed and becomes a len of July 1 (accreval date). In 2022, the state changed the assessment and alien dates from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2022, for property tax year 2023. Use the original accreval date (July 1, 2023) to determine when you can deduct the tax. You must also use the July 1 accreval date for all future years to determine when you can deduct the tax.\\n**Uniform capitalization rules.** Uniform capitalization rules apply to certain taxpayers who produce real property or tangible personal property for use in a trade or business or for sale to customers. They also apply to certain taxpayers who acquire property for resale. Under these rules, you either include certain costs in inventory or capitalize certain expenses related to the property, such as taxes. For more information, see chapter 1.\\n**Carrying charges.** Carrying charges include taxes you pay to carry or develop real estate or to carry, transport, or install personal property. You can elect to capitalize carrying charges not subject to the uniform capitalization rules if they are otherwise deductible. For more information, see chapter 7.\\n**Refunds of taxes.** If you receive a refund for any taxes you deducted in an earlier year, include the refund in income to the extent the deduction reduced your federal income tax in the earlier year. For more information, see _Recovery of amount deducted (tax benefit rule)_ in chapter 1.\\n_You must include in income any inter-set you receive on tax refunds._ \\nquestion: 1. When can I deduct taxes paid using the cash method of accounting?\\n2. Can I deduct taxes before paying them under the accrual method, and if so, what are the conditions?\\n3. What is the limitation on the acceleration of accrual of taxes, and how does it affect my tax deductions?\\n4. How do uniform capitalization rules apply to me if I produce real property or tangible personal property for use in a trade or business or for sale to customers?\\n5. Do uniform capitalization rules also apply to certain taxpayers who acquire property for resale?\\n6. Which costs should be included in inventory or capitalized under the uniform capitalization rules?\\n7. What are carrying charges, and how can I elect to capitalize them if they're not subject to the uniform capitalization rules?\\n8. What happens if I receive a refund for taxes I had previously deducted?\\n9. Do I need to report any interest received on tax refunds as income?\\n10. Is there a specific form or reporting requirement for taxes, tax refunds, or carrying charges?\\n11. Are there any exceptions or special considerations for foreign income taxes mentioned in the context?\\n12. How does the change in assessment and payment dates for personal property taxes impact my tax deductions?\\n13. Can I choose between the cash method and accrual method for determining when to deduct taxes?\\n14. Are there any penalties or consequences for failing to follow the rules regarding tax deductions outlined in this context?\\n15. Does the example provided in the text illustrate a common situation involving changes to tax assessment and payment dates?\"],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Real Estate Taxes\\nDeductible real estate taxes are any state or local taxes, including taxes imposed by U.S. possessions, on real estate levied for the general public welfare. The taxing authority must base the taxes on the assessed value of the real estate and charge them uniformly against all property under its jurisdiction. Decoitube real estate taxes generally do not include taxes charged for local benefits and improvements that increase the value of the property. See _Taxes for local benefits_, later.\\nReal estate taxes imposed by a foreign country are not deductible unless paid or accreved in connection with the conduct of a trade or business or for the production of income. For individual tax fliers, the amount of deductible state and local real estate taxes may be subject to a $10,000 limitation. See _State and local income taxes_, later.\\nIf you use an accreval method, you generally cannot accreval netlude with loan elect to accreule real estate tax related to a definite period ratably over that period.\\n_Example._ Lea and Joey are calendar year taxpayers who use an accreval method. Their real estate taxes for the real property tax year, july 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, are $1,200. July 1 is the assessment and join date.\\nIf the Lea and Joey elect to ratably accreule the taxes, $600 will accre in 2022 ($1,200 x $\\\\(\\\\%_{2}\\\\), July 1-December 31) and the balance will accre in 2023.\\n_Separate elections._ You can elect to ratably by accreule taxes for each separate trade or business and for nonbusiness activities if you account for them separately. Once you elect to ratably accreule real estate taxes, you must use that method unless you get permission from the IRS to change your accounting method. See _Form 3115_, later.\\n_Making the election._ If you elect to ratably accreule the taxes for the first year in which you incur real estate taxes, attach a statement to your income tax return for that year. The statement should show all the following items.\\n* The trades or businesses to which the election applies and the accounting method or methods used.\\n* The period to which the taxes relate.\\n* The calculation of the real estate tax deduction for that first year.\\nGenerally, you must file your return by the due date (including extensions). However, if you timely filed your return for the year without electing to ratably accreule, you can still make the election by filing an amended return within 6 months after the due date of the return (excluding extensions). Atch the statement to the amended return and write \"Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2\" on the statement. File the amended return at the same address where you filed the original return.\\n_Form 3115._ If you elect to ratably accreule real estate taxes for a year after the first year in which you incur real estate taxes, or if you want to revoke your election to ratably accreule real estate taxes, file Form 3115. For more information, including applicable time frames for filing, see the instructions for Form 3115. \\nquestion: 1. What types of real estate taxes are considered deductible for federal income tax purposes?\\n2. Can real estate taxes imposed by a foreign country be deducted if they\\'re not connected to conducting a trade or business or producing income?\\n3. Is there a limit to the amount of deductible state and local real estate taxes for individual tax filers?\\n4. How does the accrual method affect the way real estate taxes are treated for tax purposes?\\n5. Can real estate taxes be accrued ratably for each separate trade or business and for nonbusiness activities when using the accrual method?\\n6. When and how should one make the election to ratably accrue real estate taxes?\\n7. Where should the statement showing the details of the real estate tax election be attached when making the election?\\n8. What happens if someone fails to make the real estate tax election in a timely manner?\\n9. Are there specific timeframes for filing Form 3115 to elect or revoke the real estate tax accrual method?\\n10. Under what circumstances might it be necessary to obtain permission from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to change the accounting method for real estate taxes?\\n11. Do real estate taxes for local benefits and improvements increase the value of the property and qualify as deductible real estate taxes?\\n12. In what situations would real estate taxes be considered taxes for local benefits and improvements?\\n13. Does the real estate tax assessment and payment date impact the timing of the tax deduction?\\n14. Can real estate taxes be claimed as a deduction even if they have not yet been paid?\\n15. How does the treatment of real estate taxes differ between cash basis and accrual accounting methods?'],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Income Taxes\\nThis section discusses federal, state, local, and foreign income taxes.\\n**Federal income taxes.** You cannot deduct federal income taxes.\\n**State and local income taxes.** A corporation or partnership can deduct state and local income taxes imposed on the corporation or partnership as business expenses.\\nAn individual can deduct state and local income taxes only as an itemized deduction on Schedule A (Form 1040), subject to limitations. The deduction is limited to $10,000 as a total of the following taxes.\\n1. State and local income taxes or general sales taxes. See the Schedule A (Form 1040) instructions.\\n2. State and local real estate taxes. See the Schedule A (Form 1040) instructions. See also _Real estate taxes_, earlier.\\n3. State and local personal property taxes.\\nHowever, an individual can deduct a state tax on gross income (as distinguished from net income) directly attributable to a trade or business as a business expense.\\n_Accural of contested income taxes_. If you use an accrual method, and you contest a state or local income tax liability, you must accrue and deduct any contested amount in the tax year in which the liability is finally determined.\\nIf additional state or local income taxes for a prior year are assessed in a later year, you can deduct the taxes in the year in which they were originally imposed (the prior year) if the tax liability is not contested. You cannot deduct them in the year in which the liability is finally determined.\\nThe filling of an income tax return is not considered a contest and, in the absence of an overt act of protest, you can deduct the tax in the prior year. Also, you can deduct any additional taxes in the prior year if you do not show some affirmative evidence of denial of the liability.\\nHowever, if you consistently deduct additional assessments in the year they are paid or finally determined (including those for which there was no contest), you must continue to do so. You cannot take a deduction in the earlier year unless you receive permission to change your method of accounting. For more information on accounting methods, see _When Cam 1 Deduct an Expense in chapter 1_.\\nIf you contest a state or local tax liability, and you transfer money or other property as a provisional payment of the contested tax liability, you can accrue and deduct the amount of the contested tax liability for which you made the provisional payment in the year in which you made the payment, even though the liability is not determined until a later year.\\nIf any portion of the contested amount which was deducted in the year the provisional payment was made is later refunded when the contest is settled, you must include such portion in your gross income in the year the refund is re-ceived.\\nNotwithstanding the exception that allows accrual and deduction of contested state or local income tax liability upon payment, current accrual and deduction is not allowed for income, war profits, and excess profits taxes imposed by a foreign country or possession of the United States.\\nForgen income taxes.Generally, you can take either a deduction or a credit for income taxes imposed on you by a foreign country or a U.S. possession, subject to limitations. However, an individual cannot take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes paid on income that is exempt from U.S. tax under the foreign earned income exclusion or the foreign housing exclusion. For information on these exclusions, see Pub. 54. For information on the foreign tax credit, see Pub. 54. For more information on self-employment tax, see Pub. 54.\\nFor more information on self-employment tax, see Pub. 334.\\nAdditional Medicare Tax.You may be required to pay Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income. See Form 8959 and the instructions for Form 8959 for more information on the Additional Medicare Tax. \\nquestion: 1. Can I deduct federal income taxes as a business expense?\\n2. What is the limit for deducting state and local income taxes for individuals on Schedule A (Form 1040)?\\n3. Can I deduct state and local income taxes as a business expense for my corporation or partnership?\\n4. How does the limitation on state and local income tax deductions apply to real estate taxes?\\n5. Is it necessary to file a contest to claim the deduction for state or local income taxes?\\n6. When should I deduct additional state or local income taxes assessed in a later year?\\n7. What happens if I consistently deduct additional assessments in the wrong year without receiving permission to change my method of accounting?\\n8. Can I accrue and deduct contested state or local income tax liabilities before they are determined through a provisional payment?\\n9. What should I do with any refunded portions of contested amounts that were previously deducted?\\n10. Are there any exceptions to the rule regarding the accrual and deduction of contested foreign income taxes?\\n11. Can I take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes on all types of foreign income?\\n12. Which publications provide further information on foreign income taxes, foreign tax credits, and self-employment tax?\\n13. At what point am I required to pay Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income?\\n14. Where can I find more information about Form 8959 related to the Additional Medicare Tax?'],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Other Taxes\\nThe following are other taxes you can deduct if you incur them in the ordinary course of your trade or business.\\nExcise taxes.Generally, you can deduct as a business expense all excise taxes that are ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on your trade or business. However, see _Fluid taxes_, later.\\nFor more information on excise taxes, see Pub. 510.\\nFranchise taxes.You can deduct corporate franchise taxes as a business expense.\\nFuel taxes.Generally, taxes on gasoline, diesel fuel, and other motor fuels that you use in your business are included as part of the cost of the fuel. Do not deduct these taxes as a separate item.\\nYou may be entitled to a credit or refund for federal excise tax you paid on fuels used for certain purposes. For more information, see Pub. 510.\\nOccupational taxes.You can deduct as a business expense an occupational tax charged at a flat rate by a locality for the privilege of working or conducting a business in the locality.\\nPersonal property tax.You can deduct any tax imposed by a state or local government on personal property used in your trade or business.\\nSales tax.Any sales tax you pay on a service for your business, or on the purchase or use of property in your business is treated as part of the cost of the service or property. If the service or the cost or use of the property is a deductible business expense, you can deduct the tax as part of that service or cost. If the property is merchandise bought for |
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this part is useful. can you uncomment it?
goldmermaid
reviewed
Jan 22, 2024
Comment on lines
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| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
| " 'root': <uniflow.node.Node at 0x7fb05c4e2380>},\n", | ||
| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: # Allocation of Interest\\nThe rules for deducting interest vary, depending on whether the loan proceeds are used for business, personal, or investment activities. If you use the proceeds of a loan for more than one type of expense, you must allocate the interest based on the use of the loan\\'s proceeds.\\nAllocate your interest expense to the following categories.\\nNompassive trade or business activity interest.\\nPassive trade or business activity interest.\\nInvestment interest.\\nPortfolio interest.\\nPersonal interest.\\nIn general, you allocate interest on a loan the same way you allocate the loan proceeds. You allocate loan proceeds by tracing disbursments to specific uses.\\nThe easiest way to trace disbursements to specific uses is to keep the proceeds of a particular loan separate from any other funds.\\nSecured loan.The allocation of loan proceeds and the related interest is generally not affected by the use of property that secures the loan.\\nMarge and Jeff secure a loan with property used in their business. They use the loan proceeds to buy an automobile for personal use. Jeff and Margo must allocate interest expense on the loan to personal use (purchase of the automobile) even though the loan is secured by business property.\\nP.L. 115-97, section 11043, limited the deduction for mortgage interest paid on home equity loans and line of credit. For more information, see Pub. 936.\\nAllocation period.The period for which a loan is allocated to a particular use begins on the date the proceeds are used and ends on the earlier of the following dates.\\nThe date the loan is repaid.\\nThe date the loan is reallocated to another use.\\nProceeds not disbursed to borrower.Even if the leader disburses the loan proceeds to a third party, the allocation of the loan is still based on your use of the funds. This applies whether you pay for property, services, or anything else by invorning a loan, or you take property subject to a debt.\\nProceeds deposited in borrower\\'s account.Treat loan proceeds deposited in an account as property held for investment. It does not matter whether the account pays interest. Any interest you pay on the loan is investment interest expense. If you withdraw the proceeds of the loan, you must reallocate the loan based on the use of the funds.\\nCelina, a calendar-year taxplayer, borrows $100,000 on January 4 and immediately uses the proceeds to open a checking account. No other amounts are deposited in the account during the year and no part of the loan principal is repaid during the year. On April 2, Celina uses $20,000 from the checking account for a passive activity expenditure. On September 4, Celina uses an additional $40,000 from the account for personal purposes.\\nUnder the interest allocation rules, the entire $100,000 loan is treated as property held for investment for the period from January 4 through April 1. From April 2 through September 3, Celina must treat $20,000 of the loan as used in the passive activity and $80,000 of the loan as property held for investment. From September 4 through December 31, the must treat $40,000 of the loan as used for personal purposes, $20,000 as used in the passive activity, and $40,000 as property held for investment.\\nOrder of funds spent.Generally, you treat loan proceeds deposited in an account as used (spend) before either of the following amounts.\\nAny unborrowed amounts held in the same account.\\nAny amounts deposited after these loan proceeds.\\nExample.On January 9, 9, 9 and 9 are the only one-to-you withdrew it until you either repay it or real-cate it to another use is personal interest expense. The interest charged on the loan proceeds you left in the account (S867) continues to be investment interest expense until you either repay it or real-cate it to another use.\\n**Loan repayment.** When you repay any part of a loan allocated to more than one use, treat it as being prepaid in the following order.\\n1. Personal use.\\n2. Investments and passive activities (other than those included in (3)).\\n3. Passive activities in connection with a rental real estate activity in which you actively participate.\\n4. Former passive activities.\\n5. Trade or business use and expenses for certain low-income housing projects.\\n**Line of credit (continuous borrowings).** The following rules apply if you have a line of credit or similar arrangement.\\n1. Treat all borrowed funds on which interest accrues at the same fixed or variable rate as a single loan.\\n2. Treat borrowed funds or parts of borrowed funds on which interest accrues at different fixed or variable rates as different loans. Treat these loans as repaid in the order shown on the loan agreement.\\n**Loan refinancing.** Allocate the replacement loan to the same uses to which the repaid loan was allocated. Make this allocation only to the extent you use the proceeds of the new loan to repay any part of the original loan.\\n**Debt-financed distribution.** A debt-financed distribution occurs when a partnership or S corporation borrows funds and allocates those funds to distributions made to partners or shareholders. The manner in which you report the interest expense associated with the distributed debt proceeds depends on your use of those proceeds.\\n_How to report._ If the proceeds were used in a nonpassive trade or business activity, report the interest on Schedule E (Form 1040), one 28; enter \"interest expense\" and the name of the partnership or S corporation in column (a) and the amount in column (i). If the proceeds were used in a passive activity, follow the instructions for Form 8582 to determine the amount of interest expense that can be reported on Schedule E (Form 1040), line 28; enter \"interest expense\" and the name of the partnership in column (a) and the amount in column (g). If the proceeds were used in an investment activity, enter the interest on Form 4952. If the proceeds are used for personal purposes, the interest is generally not deductible.\\nIf you receive a refund of interest you over-paid in an earlier year, this amount will be reported in how 44 of Form 1098. You cannot deduct this amount. For information on how to report this refund, see _Refunds.of interest_, later, in this chapter.\\n_Expenses paid to obtain a mortgage._ Certain expenses you pay to obtain a mortgage cannot be deducted as interest. These expenses, which include mortgage commissions, abstract fees, and recording fees, are capital expenses. If the property mortgaged is business or income-producing property, you can amortize the costs over the life of the mortgage.\\n_Prepayment penalty._ If you pay off your mortgage early and pay the lender a penalty for doing this, you can deduct the penalty as interest.\\n**Interest on employment tax deficiency.** Interest charged on employment taxes assessed on your business is deductible.\\n**Original issue discount (OID).** OID is a form of interest. A loan (mortgage or other debt) generally has OID when its proceeds are less than its principal amount. The OID is the difference between the stated redemption price at maturity and the issue price of the loan.\\nA loan\\'s stated redemption price at maturity is the sum of all amounts (principal and interest) payable on it other than qualified stated interest. Qualified stated interest is standardised that is unconditionally payable in cash or property (other than another loan of the issuser) at least annually over the term of the loan at a single fixed rate.\\nYou generally deduct OID over the term of the loan. Figure the amount to deduct each year using the constant-yield method, unless the OID on the loan is de minimis.\\n_De minimis OID._ The OID is de minimis if it is less than one-fourth of 1% (0.0025) of the stated redemption price of the loan at maturity multiplied by the number of full years from the date of original issue to maturity (the term of the loan).\\nIf the OID is de minimis, you can choose one of the following ways to figure the amount you can deduct each year.\\n* On a constant-yield basis over the term of the loan.\\n* On a straight-line basis over the term of the loan.\\n* In proportion to stated interest payments.\\n* In its entirety at maturity of the loan.\\nYou make this choice by deducting the OID in a manner consistent with the method chosen on your timely filed tax return for the tax year in which the loan is issued.\\n_Example._ On January 1, 2022, you took out a $100,000 discounted loan and received $98,500 in proceeds. The loan will mature on January 1, 2032 (a 10-year term), and the $100,000 principal is payable on that date. Interest of $10,000 is payable on January 1 of each year, beginning January 1, 2023. The $1,500 OID on the loan is de minimis because it is less than $2,500 ($100,000 \\\\(\\\\times\\\\) 0.0025 \\\\(\\\\times\\\\) 10). You choose to deduct the OID on a straight-linebasis over the term of the loan. Beginning in 2022, you can deduct $150 each year for 10 years.\\n_Constant-yield method._ If the OID is not de minimis, you must use the constant-yield method to figure how much you can deduct each year. You figure your deduction for the first year using the following steps.\\n1. Determine the issue price of the loan. Generally, this equals the proceeds of the loan. If you paid points on the loan (as discussed later), the issue price is generally the difference between the proceeds and the points.\\n2. Multiply the result in (1) by the yield to maturity.\\n3. Subtract any qualified stated interest payments from the result in (2). This is the OID you can deduct in the first year.\\nTo figure your deduction in any subsequent year, follow the steps above, except determine the adjusted issue price in step 1. To get the adjusted issue price, add to the issue price any OID previously deducted. Then follow steps 2 and 3 above.\\nThe yield to maturity is generally shown in the literature you receive from your lender. If you do not have this information, consult your tender or tax advisor. In general, the yield to maturity is the discount rate that, when used in figuring the present value of all principal and interest payments, produces an amount equal to the principal amount of the loan.\\n_Example._ The facts are the same as in the previous example, except that you deduct the OID on a constant-yield basis over the term of the loan. The yield to maturity on your loan is 10.2467%, compound annually. For 2022, you can deduct $93 ($98,500 \\\\(\\\\times\\\\Interest you paid or incurred during the production period must be capitalized if the property produced is designated property. Designated property is any of the following.\\n* Real property.\\n* Tangible personal property with a class life of 20 years or more.\\n* Tangible personal property with an estimated production period of more than 2 years.\\n* Tangible personal property with an estimated production period of more than 1 year if the estimated cost of production is more than 8T million.\\n**Property you produce.** You produce property if you construct, build, install, manufacture, develop, improve, create, raise, or grow it. Treat property produced for you under a contract as produced by you up to the amount you pay or incur for the property.\\n**Carrying charges.** Carrying charges include taxes you pay to carry or develop real estate or to carry, transport, or install personal property. You can choose to capitalize carrying charges not subject to the uniform capitalization rules if they are otherwise deductible. For more information, see _matter_.\\n**Capitalized interest:** Treat capitalized interest as a cost of the property produced. You recover your interest when you sell or use the property. If the property is inventory, recover capitalized interest through cost of goods sold. If the property is used in your trade or business, recover capitalized interest through an adjustment to basis, depreciation, amortization, or other method.\\n**Partnerships and S corporations.** The interest capitalization rules are applied first at the partnership or S corporation level. The rules are then applied at the partners or shareholders\\' level to the extent the partnership or S corporation has insufficient debt to support the production or construction costs.\\nIf you are a partner or a shareholder, you may have to capitalize interest you incur during the tax year for the production costs of the partnership or S corporation. You may also have to capitalize interest incurred by the partnership or S corporation for your own production costs. To properly capitalize interest under these rules, you must be given the required information in an attachment to the Schedule K-1 you receive from the partnership or S corporation.\\n**Additional information.** The procedures for applying the uniform capitalization rules are beyond the scope of this publication. For more information, see Repiquations sections 1.263A-8 through 1.263A-15 and Notice 88-99, which is in Cumulative Bulletin 1988-2. \\nquestion: 1. How should I allocate my interest expense for a loan used for multiple types of expenses?\\n2. What are the different categories for allocating interest expense according to the context?\\n3. Can the allocation of loan proceeds and related interest be affected by securing a loan with business property?\\n4. How long is the allocation period for a loan to a particular use?\\n5. Does the allocation change if loan proceeds are not fully disbursed to the borrower but instead paid to a third party?\\n6. How should I treat loan proceeds deposited in a borrower\\'s account?\\n7. How does the order of funds spent affect the allocation of loan proceeds and interest expense?\\n8. Which category should be considered when repaying a portion of a loan allocated to multiple uses?\\n9. How should I handle a line of credit or continuous borrowing situation regarding interest allocation?\\n10. What happens to the allocation when a loan is refinanced?\\n11. How should interest expense be reported for a partnership or S corporation distribution?\\n12. Are there any exceptions to the rule of reporting interest expense on Schedule E (Form 1040)?\\n13. What expenses paid to obtain a mortgage cannot be deducted as interest?\\n14. Is a prepayment penalty for paying off a mortgage early considered interest and therefore deductible?\\n15. How is interest charged on employment taxes assessed on businesses handled for tax purposes?\\n16. What is Original Issue Discount (OID) and how should it be dealt with in terms of interest allocation?\\n17. What determines whether OID is de minimis or not?\\n18. How can I choose to calculate the annual deduction for OID?\\n19. What is the yield to maturity and where can I find it to help me calculate OID deductions?\\n20. Do I need to capitalize interest for producing designated property?\\n21. What constitutes designated property?\\n22. How do I recover capitalized interest once the property is sold or used?\\n23. Who is responsible for capitalizing interest at the partnership or S corporation level versus individual partners or shareholders?\\n24. Where can I find further information about applying the Uniform Capitalization Rules?'],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## 1 When To Deduct Interest\\nIf the uniform capitalization rules, discussed under _Capitalization of Interest_, earlier, and the business interest expense deduction limitation rules discussed under _Interest Expense Limitation_, earlier, do not apply, deduct interest as follows:\\n**Cash method.** Under the cash method, you can generally deduct any the interest you actually paid during the tax year. You cannot deduct a promissory note you gave as payment because it is a promise to pay and not an actual payment.\\n**Prepaid interest.** You generally cannot deduct any interest paid before the year it is due. Interest paid in advance can be deducted only in the tax year in which it is due.\\n**Discounted loan.** If interest or a discount is subtracted from your loan proceeds, it is not a payment of interest and you cannot deduct it when you get the loan. For more information, see _Original issue discount (OID)_ under _Interest Expense Limitation_.\\n**Response interest.** For any period, forgoin Interest is:\\n1. The interest that would be payable for that period if interest accrued on the loan at the AFB and was payable annually on December 31, minus\\n2. Any interest actually payable on the loan for the period.\\nlender and borrower total $100,000 or less. If the borrowers\\' net investment income is $1,000 or less, it is treated as zero. This limit does not apply to a loan if the avoidance of any federal tax is one of the main purposes of the interest arrangement.\\nTreatment of term loans.If you receive a below-market term loan other than a gift or demand loan, you are treated as receiving an additional cash payment (as a dividend, etc.) on the date the loan is made. This payment is equal to the loan amount minus the present value, at the AFR, of all payments due under the loan. The same amount is treated as OID on the loan. See _Original issue discount (OID) under Interest You Can Deduct_, earlier.\\nExceptions for loans of $10,000 or less.The rules for below-market loans do not apply to any day on which the total outstanding loans between the borrower and lender is $10,000 or less. This exception applies only to the following.\\n1. Gift loans between individuals if the loan is not directly used to buy or carry income-producing assets.\\n2. Compensation-related loans or corporation-shareholder loans if the avoidance of any federal tax is not a principal purpose of the interest arrangement.\\nThis exception does not apply to a term loan described in (2) above that was previously subject to the below-market loan rules. Those rules will continue to apply even if the outstanding balance is reduced to $10,000 or less.\\nExceptions for loans without significant tax effect.The following loans are specifically explored from the rules for below-market loans because their interest arrangements do not have a significant effect on the federal tax liability of the borrower or the lender.\\n1. Loans made available by lenders to the general public on the same terms and conditions that are consistent with the lender\\'s customary business practices.\\n2. Loans subsidized by a federal, state, or municipal government that are made available under a program of general application to the public.\\n3. Certain employee-relocation loans.\\n4. Certain loans to or from a foreign person, unless the interest income would be effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business and not exempt from U.S. tax under an income tax treaty.\\n5. Any other loan if the taxayer can show that the interest arrangement has no significant effect on the federal tax liability of the lender or the borrower. Whether an interest arrangement has a significant effect on the federal tax liability of the lender or the borrower will be determined by all the facts and circumstances. Consider all the following factors.\\n1. Whether items of income and deduction generated by the loan offset each other.\\n2. The amount of the items.\\n3. The cost of complying with the below-market loan provisions if they were to apply.\\n4. Any reasons, other than taxes, for structuring the transaction as a below-market loan.\\nException for loans to qualified continuing care facilities.The below-market interest rules do not apply to a loan owed by a qualified continuing care facility under a continuing care contract if the lender or lenders\\'s exposure is age 62 or older by the end of the calendar year.\\nA qualified continuing care facility is one or more facilities (excluding nursing homes) meeting the requirements listed below.\\n1. Designed to provide services under continuing care contracts (defined below).\\n2. Includes an independent living unit, and either an assisted living or nursing facility, or both.\\n3. Substantially all of the independent living unit residents are covered by continuing care contracts.\\nA \"continuing care contract\" is a written contract between an individual and a qualified continuing care facility that includes all of the following conditions.\\n1. The individual or individual\\'s spouse must be entitled to use the facility for the rest of their life or lives.\\n2. The individual or individual\\'s spouse will be provided with housing, as appropriate for the health of the individual or individual\\'s spouse in an: 1. Independent living unit (which has additional available facilities outside the unit for the provision of meals and other personal care), and 2. Assisted living or nursing facility available in the continuing care facility.\\n3. The individual or individual\\'s spouse will be provided with assisted living or nursing care available in the continuing care facility, as required for the health of the individual or the individual\\'s spouse.\\nFor more information, see section 7872(h).\\nSale or exchange of property.Different rules generally apply to a loan connected with the sale or exchange of property. If the loan does not provide adequate stated interest, part of the principal payment may be considered interest. However, there are exceptions that may require you to apply the below-market interest rate rules to these loans. See _Unstated Interest and Original Issue Discount (OID)_ in Pub. 537.\\nMore information.For more information on below-market loans, see section 7872 and Regulations section 1.7872-5. \\nquestion: 1. In what scenario should I follow the cash method to deduct interest? \\n2. What type of interest payments cannot be deducted under the cash method? \\n3. Is prepaid interest fully deductible in the year it becomes due? \\n4. How is interest calculated for response interest? \\n5. What happens if the total outstanding loans between a borrower and a lender are $10,000 or less? Are there any exceptions to this rule? \\n6. What is the treatment of below-market term loans? \\n7. Which types of loans are excluded from the below-market loan rules? \\n8. What factors determine whether an interest arrangement significantly affects the federal tax liability of the borrower or the lender? \\n9. Does the below-market interest rule apply to loans to qualified continuing care facilities? \\n10. What is a continuing care contract, and how does it relate to the below-market interest rules? \\n11. How does the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 7872 and its regulations apply to below-market loans? \\n12. What are the consequences of failing to comply with the below-market loan provisions? \\n13. Can the below-market loan rules be applied retroactively? \\n14. Do the below-market loan rules apply differently depending on the type of loan (e.g., mortgage, line of credit)? \\n15. How might the below-market loan rules impact estate planning strategies involving intergenerational loans? \\n16. What role does the Avoidance of Federal Tax play in determining whether the below-market loan rules apply? \\n17. Are there any special considerations for below-market loans involving nonresident alien borrowers or lenders? \\n18. How do the below-market loan rules interact with other tax laws, such as the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) or passive activity loss rules? \\n19. Can the below-market loan rules be negotiated or modified through a private letter ruling from the IRS? \\n20. Are there any ongoing reporting requirements related to below-market loans?'],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## 5. \\nquestion: 1. What types of taxes does this section refer to? \\n2. Is there a specific tax rate mentioned in this context? \\n3. Are there any exemptions or deductions applicable under this section? \\n4. Who is liable to pay the taxes according to this context? \\n5. Does this context specify a particular filing deadline for tax returns? \\n6. How often are taxes required to be paid based on the information given here? \\n7. Are there any penalties or interest charges for late payment or non-compliance with tax obligations as per this context? \\n8. What documentation is needed to prove eligibility for tax benefits or deductions mentioned in the context? \\n9. Can taxpayers choose to make voluntary disclosures or corrections if they have made errors in their previous filings? \\n10. Are there any provisions for appeals or objections against assessments made under this section? \\n11. What happens if a taxpayer is unable to pay their taxes due to financial hardship? \\n12. Are there any international tax implications that need to be considered based on the context? \\n13. What is the process for resolving disputes related to tax matters as outlined in the context? \\n14. Are there any special rules or considerations for certain industries or sectors as stated in the context? \\n15. How does this context align with current tax laws and regulations? \\n16. What steps should taxpayers take to ensure compliance with their tax obligations based on the information provided here? \\n17. Are there any consequences for failing to file tax returns or not paying taxes on time as indicated in the context? \\n18. What resources or support are available to help taxpayers understand and comply with their tax obligations according to the context? \\n19. How do changes in personal circumstances (such as marriage, divorce, death) affect tax obligations as described in the context? \\n20. Are there any opportunities for tax planning or optimization based on the information presented in the context?'],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ### Taxes\\nThe amount of the items.\\n* The cost of complying with the below-market loan provisions if they were to apply.\\n* Any reasons, other than taxes, for structuring the transaction as a below-market loan.\\nException for loans to qualified continuing care facilities.The below-market interest rules do not apply to a loan owed by a qualified continuing care facility under a continuing care contract if the tender or lenders\\' spouse is age 62 or older by the end of the calendar year.\\nA qualified continuing care facility is one or more facilities (excluding nursing homes) meeting the requirements listed below.\\n1. Designed to provide services under continuing care contracts (defined below).\\n2. Includes an independent living unit, and either an assisted living or nursing facility, or both.\\n3. Substantially all of the independent living unit residents are covered by continuing care contracts.\\nA \"continuing care contract\" is a written contract between an individual and a qualified continuing care facility that includes all of the following conditions.\\n1. The individual or individual\\'s spouse must be entitled to use the facility for the rest of their life or lives.\\n2. The individual or individual\\'s spouse will be provided with housing, as appropriate for the health of the individual or individual\\'s spouse in an: 1. Independent living unit (which has additional available facilities outside the unit for the provision of meals and other personal care), and 2. Assisted living or nursing facility available in the continuing care facility.\\n3. The individual or individual\\'s spouse will be provided with assisted living or nursing care available in the continuing care facility, as required for the health of the individual or the individual\\'s spouse.\\nFor more information, see section 7872(h).\\nSale or exchange of property.Different rules generally apply to a loan connected with the sale or exchange of property. If the loan does not provide adequate stated interest, part of the principal payment may be considered interest. However, there are exceptions that may require you to apply the below-market interest rate rules to these loans. See _Unstated Interest and Original Issue Discount (OID)_ in Pub. 537.\\nMore information.For more information on below-market loans, see section 7872 and Regulations section 1.7872-5. \\nquestion: 1. What specific tax laws pertain to below-market loans according to the given context?\\n2. How does the age requirement affect the application of below-market interest rules for loans to qualified continuing care facilities?\\n3. Can a below-market loan still be subject to taxation even if it is made to a qualified continuing care facility where the borrower or their spouse is aged 62 or above?\\n4. What types of facilities qualify as a \\'qualified continuing care facility\\' under this context?\\n5. Are there any specific requirements for the written contract between an individual and a qualified continuing care facility regarding continuity of residence and availability of different levels of care?\\n6. Does the definition of a \\'continuing care contract\\' vary depending on the tax code section being referred to?\\n7. In what scenarios would a loan connected to the sale or exchange of property fall under the below-market interest rules?\\n8. Under which circumstances might part of the principal payment from such a loan be treated as interest instead of principal?\\n9. Which IRS publications should be consulted for further guidance on unstated interest and original issue discount (OID) related to below-market loans?\\n10. Is there a difference in how below-market loans are handled when they involve real estate transactions versus non-real estate transactions?\\n11. Could the lack of adequate documentation about the terms of a below-market loan potentially lead to unwanted tax implications?\\n12. Do state tax codes follow similar guidelines as federal tax codes concerning below-market loans?\\n13. Are there any potential penalties associated with failing to comply with the below-market loan provisions?\\n14. Would the tax treatment of a below-market loan change if the lender was a related party rather than an arm\\'s length third party?\\n15. How could changes in tax regulations impact the taxability of below-market loans going forward?'],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': [\"instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## 6.\\nGenerally, you can only deduct taxes in the year you pay them. This applies whether you use the cash method or an accrual method of accounting.\\nUnder an accrual method, you can deduct a tax before you pay it if you meet the exception for recurring items discussed under _Economic Performance_ in Pub. 538. You can also elect to atably accrue real estate taxes as discussed later under _Real Estate Taxes_. See also _Foreign income taxes_, discussed later.\\n**Limitation on acceleration of accreval of taxes.** A taxing jurisdiction can require the use of a date for accreving taxes that is earlier than the date it originally required. However, if you use an accreval method, and can deduct the tax before you pay it, use the original accreval date for the year of change and all future years to determine when you can deduct the tax.\\n_Example._ Your state imposes a tax on personal property used in a trade or business conducted in the state. This tax is assessed and becomes a len of July 1 (accreval date). In 2022, the state changed the assessment and alien dates from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2022, for property tax year 2023. Use the original accreval date (July 1, 2023) to determine when you can deduct the tax. You must also use the July 1 accreval date for all future years to determine when you can deduct the tax.\\n**Uniform capitalization rules.** Uniform capitalization rules apply to certain taxpayers who produce real property or tangible personal property for use in a trade or business or for sale to customers. They also apply to certain taxpayers who acquire property for resale. Under these rules, you either include certain costs in inventory or capitalize certain expenses related to the property, such as taxes. For more information, see chapter 1.\\n**Carrying charges.** Carrying charges include taxes you pay to carry or develop real estate or to carry, transport, or install personal property. You can elect to capitalize carrying charges not subject to the uniform capitalization rules if they are otherwise deductible. For more information, see chapter 7.\\n**Refunds of taxes.** If you receive a refund for any taxes you deducted in an earlier year, include the refund in income to the extent the deduction reduced your federal income tax in the earlier year. For more information, see _Recovery of amount deducted (tax benefit rule)_ in chapter 1.\\n_You must include in income any inter-set you receive on tax refunds._ \\nquestion: 1. When can I deduct taxes paid using the cash method of accounting?\\n2. Can I deduct taxes before paying them under the accrual method, and if so, what are the conditions?\\n3. What is the limitation on the acceleration of accrual of taxes, and how does it affect my tax deductions?\\n4. How do uniform capitalization rules apply to me if I produce real property or tangible personal property for use in a trade or business or for sale to customers?\\n5. Do uniform capitalization rules also apply to certain taxpayers who acquire property for resale?\\n6. Which costs should be included in inventory or capitalized under the uniform capitalization rules?\\n7. What are carrying charges, and how can I elect to capitalize them if they're not subject to the uniform capitalization rules?\\n8. What happens if I receive a refund for taxes I had previously deducted?\\n9. Do I need to report any interest received on tax refunds as income?\\n10. Is there a specific form or reporting requirement for taxes, tax refunds, or carrying charges?\\n11. Are there any exceptions or special considerations for foreign income taxes mentioned in the context?\\n12. How does the change in assessment and payment dates for personal property taxes impact my tax deductions?\\n13. Can I choose between the cash method and accrual method for determining when to deduct taxes?\\n14. Are there any penalties or consequences for failing to follow the rules regarding tax deductions outlined in this context?\\n15. Does the example provided in the text illustrate a common situation involving changes to tax assessment and payment dates?\"],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Real Estate Taxes\\nDeductible real estate taxes are any state or local taxes, including taxes imposed by U.S. possessions, on real estate levied for the general public welfare. The taxing authority must base the taxes on the assessed value of the real estate and charge them uniformly against all property under its jurisdiction. Decoitube real estate taxes generally do not include taxes charged for local benefits and improvements that increase the value of the property. See _Taxes for local benefits_, later.\\nReal estate taxes imposed by a foreign country are not deductible unless paid or accreved in connection with the conduct of a trade or business or for the production of income. For individual tax fliers, the amount of deductible state and local real estate taxes may be subject to a $10,000 limitation. See _State and local income taxes_, later.\\nIf you use an accreval method, you generally cannot accreval netlude with loan elect to accreule real estate tax related to a definite period ratably over that period.\\n_Example._ Lea and Joey are calendar year taxpayers who use an accreval method. Their real estate taxes for the real property tax year, july 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, are $1,200. July 1 is the assessment and join date.\\nIf the Lea and Joey elect to ratably accreule the taxes, $600 will accre in 2022 ($1,200 x $\\\\(\\\\%_{2}\\\\), July 1-December 31) and the balance will accre in 2023.\\n_Separate elections._ You can elect to ratably by accreule taxes for each separate trade or business and for nonbusiness activities if you account for them separately. Once you elect to ratably accreule real estate taxes, you must use that method unless you get permission from the IRS to change your accounting method. See _Form 3115_, later.\\n_Making the election._ If you elect to ratably accreule the taxes for the first year in which you incur real estate taxes, attach a statement to your income tax return for that year. The statement should show all the following items.\\n* The trades or businesses to which the election applies and the accounting method or methods used.\\n* The period to which the taxes relate.\\n* The calculation of the real estate tax deduction for that first year.\\nGenerally, you must file your return by the due date (including extensions). However, if you timely filed your return for the year without electing to ratably accreule, you can still make the election by filing an amended return within 6 months after the due date of the return (excluding extensions). Atch the statement to the amended return and write \"Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2\" on the statement. File the amended return at the same address where you filed the original return.\\n_Form 3115._ If you elect to ratably accreule real estate taxes for a year after the first year in which you incur real estate taxes, or if you want to revoke your election to ratably accreule real estate taxes, file Form 3115. For more information, including applicable time frames for filing, see the instructions for Form 3115. \\nquestion: 1. What types of real estate taxes are considered deductible for federal income tax purposes?\\n2. Can real estate taxes imposed by a foreign country be deducted if they\\'re not connected to conducting a trade or business or producing income?\\n3. Is there a limit to the amount of deductible state and local real estate taxes for individual tax filers?\\n4. How does the accrual method affect the way real estate taxes are treated for tax purposes?\\n5. Can real estate taxes be accrued ratably for each separate trade or business and for nonbusiness activities when using the accrual method?\\n6. When and how should one make the election to ratably accrue real estate taxes?\\n7. Where should the statement showing the details of the real estate tax election be attached when making the election?\\n8. What happens if someone fails to make the real estate tax election in a timely manner?\\n9. Are there specific timeframes for filing Form 3115 to elect or revoke the real estate tax accrual method?\\n10. Under what circumstances might it be necessary to obtain permission from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to change the accounting method for real estate taxes?\\n11. Do real estate taxes for local benefits and improvements increase the value of the property and qualify as deductible real estate taxes?\\n12. In what situations would real estate taxes be considered taxes for local benefits and improvements?\\n13. Does the real estate tax assessment and payment date impact the timing of the tax deduction?\\n14. Can real estate taxes be claimed as a deduction even if they have not yet been paid?\\n15. How does the treatment of real estate taxes differ between cash basis and accrual accounting methods?'],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Income Taxes\\nThis section discusses federal, state, local, and foreign income taxes.\\n**Federal income taxes.** You cannot deduct federal income taxes.\\n**State and local income taxes.** A corporation or partnership can deduct state and local income taxes imposed on the corporation or partnership as business expenses.\\nAn individual can deduct state and local income taxes only as an itemized deduction on Schedule A (Form 1040), subject to limitations. The deduction is limited to $10,000 as a total of the following taxes.\\n1. State and local income taxes or general sales taxes. See the Schedule A (Form 1040) instructions.\\n2. State and local real estate taxes. See the Schedule A (Form 1040) instructions. See also _Real estate taxes_, earlier.\\n3. State and local personal property taxes.\\nHowever, an individual can deduct a state tax on gross income (as distinguished from net income) directly attributable to a trade or business as a business expense.\\n_Accural of contested income taxes_. If you use an accrual method, and you contest a state or local income tax liability, you must accrue and deduct any contested amount in the tax year in which the liability is finally determined.\\nIf additional state or local income taxes for a prior year are assessed in a later year, you can deduct the taxes in the year in which they were originally imposed (the prior year) if the tax liability is not contested. You cannot deduct them in the year in which the liability is finally determined.\\nThe filling of an income tax return is not considered a contest and, in the absence of an overt act of protest, you can deduct the tax in the prior year. Also, you can deduct any additional taxes in the prior year if you do not show some affirmative evidence of denial of the liability.\\nHowever, if you consistently deduct additional assessments in the year they are paid or finally determined (including those for which there was no contest), you must continue to do so. You cannot take a deduction in the earlier year unless you receive permission to change your method of accounting. For more information on accounting methods, see _When Cam 1 Deduct an Expense in chapter 1_.\\nIf you contest a state or local tax liability, and you transfer money or other property as a provisional payment of the contested tax liability, you can accrue and deduct the amount of the contested tax liability for which you made the provisional payment in the year in which you made the payment, even though the liability is not determined until a later year.\\nIf any portion of the contested amount which was deducted in the year the provisional payment was made is later refunded when the contest is settled, you must include such portion in your gross income in the year the refund is re-ceived.\\nNotwithstanding the exception that allows accrual and deduction of contested state or local income tax liability upon payment, current accrual and deduction is not allowed for income, war profits, and excess profits taxes imposed by a foreign country or possession of the United States.\\nForgen income taxes.Generally, you can take either a deduction or a credit for income taxes imposed on you by a foreign country or a U.S. possession, subject to limitations. However, an individual cannot take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes paid on income that is exempt from U.S. tax under the foreign earned income exclusion or the foreign housing exclusion. For information on these exclusions, see Pub. 54. For information on the foreign tax credit, see Pub. 54. For more information on self-employment tax, see Pub. 54.\\nFor more information on self-employment tax, see Pub. 334.\\nAdditional Medicare Tax.You may be required to pay Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income. See Form 8959 and the instructions for Form 8959 for more information on the Additional Medicare Tax. \\nquestion: 1. Can I deduct federal income taxes as a business expense?\\n2. What is the limit for deducting state and local income taxes for individuals on Schedule A (Form 1040)?\\n3. Can I deduct state and local income taxes as a business expense for my corporation or partnership?\\n4. How does the limitation on state and local income tax deductions apply to real estate taxes?\\n5. Is it necessary to file a contest to claim the deduction for state or local income taxes?\\n6. When should I deduct additional state or local income taxes assessed in a later year?\\n7. What happens if I consistently deduct additional assessments in the wrong year without receiving permission to change my method of accounting?\\n8. Can I accrue and deduct contested state or local income tax liabilities before they are determined through a provisional payment?\\n9. What should I do with any refunded portions of contested amounts that were previously deducted?\\n10. Are there any exceptions to the rule regarding the accrual and deduction of contested foreign income taxes?\\n11. Can I take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes on all types of foreign income?\\n12. Which publications provide further information on foreign income taxes, foreign tax credits, and self-employment tax?\\n13. At what point am I required to pay Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income?\\n14. Where can I find more information about Form 8959 related to the Additional Medicare Tax?'],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
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| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Other Taxes\\nThe following are other taxes you can deduct if you incur them in the ordinary course of your trade or business.\\nExcise taxes.Generally, you can deduct as a business expense all excise taxes that are ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on your trade or business. However, see _Fluid taxes_, later.\\nFor more information on excise taxes, see Pub. 510.\\nFranchise taxes.You can deduct corporate franchise taxes as a business expense.\\nFuel taxes.Generally, taxes on gasoline, diesel fuel, and other motor fuels that you use in your business are included as part of the cost of the fuel. Do not deduct these taxes as a separate item.\\nYou may be entitled to a credit or refund for federal excise tax you paid on fuels used for certain purposes. For more information, see Pub. 510.\\nOccupational taxes.You can deduct as a business expense an occupational tax charged at a flat rate by a locality for the privilege of working or conducting a business in the locality.\\nPersonal property tax.You can deduct any tax imposed by a state or local government on personal property used in your trade or business.\\nSales tax.Any sales tax you pay on a service for your business, or on the purchase or use of property in your business is treated as part of the cost of the service or property. If the service or the cost or use of the property is a deductible business expense, you can deduct the tax as part of that service or cost. If the property is merchandise bought for |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
this part is a bit distractive. can you remove these three cells?
goldmermaid
reviewed
Jan 22, 2024
| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Income Taxes\\nThis section discusses federal, state, local, and foreign income taxes.\\n**Federal income taxes.** You cannot deduct federal income taxes.\\n**State and local income taxes.** A corporation or partnership can deduct state and local income taxes imposed on the corporation or partnership as business expenses.\\nAn individual can deduct state and local income taxes only as an itemized deduction on Schedule A (Form 1040), subject to limitations. The deduction is limited to $10,000 as a total of the following taxes.\\n1. State and local income taxes or general sales taxes. See the Schedule A (Form 1040) instructions.\\n2. State and local real estate taxes. See the Schedule A (Form 1040) instructions. See also _Real estate taxes_, earlier.\\n3. State and local personal property taxes.\\nHowever, an individual can deduct a state tax on gross income (as distinguished from net income) directly attributable to a trade or business as a business expense.\\n_Accural of contested income taxes_. If you use an accrual method, and you contest a state or local income tax liability, you must accrue and deduct any contested amount in the tax year in which the liability is finally determined.\\nIf additional state or local income taxes for a prior year are assessed in a later year, you can deduct the taxes in the year in which they were originally imposed (the prior year) if the tax liability is not contested. You cannot deduct them in the year in which the liability is finally determined.\\nThe filling of an income tax return is not considered a contest and, in the absence of an overt act of protest, you can deduct the tax in the prior year. Also, you can deduct any additional taxes in the prior year if you do not show some affirmative evidence of denial of the liability.\\nHowever, if you consistently deduct additional assessments in the year they are paid or finally determined (including those for which there was no contest), you must continue to do so. You cannot take a deduction in the earlier year unless you receive permission to change your method of accounting. For more information on accounting methods, see _When Cam 1 Deduct an Expense in chapter 1_.\\nIf you contest a state or local tax liability, and you transfer money or other property as a provisional payment of the contested tax liability, you can accrue and deduct the amount of the contested tax liability for which you made the provisional payment in the year in which you made the payment, even though the liability is not determined until a later year.\\nIf any portion of the contested amount which was deducted in the year the provisional payment was made is later refunded when the contest is settled, you must include such portion in your gross income in the year the refund is re-ceived.\\nNotwithstanding the exception that allows accrual and deduction of contested state or local income tax liability upon payment, current accrual and deduction is not allowed for income, war profits, and excess profits taxes imposed by a foreign country or possession of the United States.\\nForgen income taxes.Generally, you can take either a deduction or a credit for income taxes imposed on you by a foreign country or a U.S. possession, subject to limitations. However, an individual cannot take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes paid on income that is exempt from U.S. tax under the foreign earned income exclusion or the foreign housing exclusion. For information on these exclusions, see Pub. 54. For information on the foreign tax credit, see Pub. 54. For more information on self-employment tax, see Pub. 54.\\nFor more information on self-employment tax, see Pub. 334.\\nAdditional Medicare Tax.You may be required to pay Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income. See Form 8959 and the instructions for Form 8959 for more information on the Additional Medicare Tax. \\nquestion: 1. Can I deduct federal income taxes as a business expense?\\n2. What is the limit for deducting state and local income taxes for individuals on Schedule A (Form 1040)?\\n3. Can I deduct state and local income taxes as a business expense for my corporation or partnership?\\n4. How does the limitation on state and local income tax deductions apply to real estate taxes?\\n5. Is it necessary to file a contest to claim the deduction for state or local income taxes?\\n6. When should I deduct additional state or local income taxes assessed in a later year?\\n7. What happens if I consistently deduct additional assessments in the wrong year without receiving permission to change my method of accounting?\\n8. Can I accrue and deduct contested state or local income tax liabilities before they are determined through a provisional payment?\\n9. What should I do with any refunded portions of contested amounts that were previously deducted?\\n10. Are there any exceptions to the rule regarding the accrual and deduction of contested foreign income taxes?\\n11. Can I take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes on all types of foreign income?\\n12. Which publications provide further information on foreign income taxes, foreign tax credits, and self-employment tax?\\n13. At what point am I required to pay Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income?\\n14. Where can I find more information about Form 8959 related to the Additional Medicare Tax?'],\n", | ||
| " 'error': 'No errors.'}],\n", | ||
| " 'root': <uniflow.node.Node at 0x7fb05c4e28c0>},\n", | ||
| " {'output': [{'response': ['instruction: Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \\nMake sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\\ncontext: ## Other Taxes\\nThe following are other taxes you can deduct if you incur them in the ordinary course of your trade or business.\\nExcise taxes.Generally, you can deduct as a business expense all excise taxes that are ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on your trade or business. However, see _Fluid taxes_, later.\\nFor more information on excise taxes, see Pub. 510.\\nFranchise taxes.You can deduct corporate franchise taxes as a business expense.\\nFuel taxes.Generally, taxes on gasoline, diesel fuel, and other motor fuels that you use in your business are included as part of the cost of the fuel. Do not deduct these taxes as a separate item.\\nYou may be entitled to a credit or refund for federal excise tax you paid on fuels used for certain purposes. For more information, see Pub. 510.\\nOccupational taxes.You can deduct as a business expense an occupational tax charged at a flat rate by a locality for the privilege of working or conducting a business in the locality.\\nPersonal property tax.You can deduct any tax imposed by a state or local government on personal property used in your trade or business.\\nSales tax.Any sales tax you pay on a service for your business, or on the purchase or use of property in your business is treated as part of the cost of the service or property. If the service or the cost or use of the property is a deductible business expense, you can deduct the tax as part of that service or cost. If the property is merchandise bought for |
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the cell 16's output is way too long (almost 90% of the whole notebook) - can you remove this cell?
goldmermaid
reviewed
Jan 22, 2024
| } | ||
| ], | ||
| "source": [ | ||
| "!{sys.executable} -m pip install langchain pandas pypdf" |
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can you change this cell to !{sys.executable} -m pip install -q langchain pandas pypdf and rerun this cell? this output is too long and distractive.
CambioML
reviewed
Feb 2, 2024
Comment on lines
+294
to
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| "source": [ | ||
| "sample_instruction = \"\"\"Assume you are an expert on tax, please generate as many question as possible based on the context. \n", | ||
| "Make sure those questions can cover any question people can think of by reading the context.\"\"\"\n", | ||
| "\n", | ||
| "guided_prompt = PromptTemplate(instruction=sample_instruction)" | ||
| ] |
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You should consider use few shot prompt to stabilize the output. Check the example here for the Prepare sample prompts section. With this, your output should be more stable, so you will not need the complicated postprocessing logic.
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| { | |||
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check out https://github.com/CambioML/uniflow/blob/main/example/pipeline/pipeline_pdf.ipynb regarding how to use MultiFlowsPipeline to chain multiple flow together.
frank-suwen
requested review from
SayaZhang,
CluckRookie and
SeisSerenata
as code owners
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