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JavaEE_Tutorial.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<body id="JavaEE_Tutorial" class="book toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>JavaEE 7 Tutorial</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">WildFly team</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 19.1.0.Final,</span>
<span id="revdate">2020-05-04T20:24:20Z</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">JavaEE 7 Tutorial</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#Java_API_for_RESTful_Web_Services_JAX-RS">1. Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#content-java-api-restful-web-services">1.1. Content</a></li>
<li><a href="#tutorial-overview">1.2. Tutorial Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#what-are-restful-web-services">1.3. What are RESTful Web Services?</a></li>
<li><a href="#creating-a-restful-endpoint">1.4. Creating a RESTful endpoint</a></li>
<li><a href="#package-and-build-the-endpoint">1.5. Package and build the endpoint</a></li>
<li><a href="#deploy-the-endpoint-to-openshift">1.6. Deploy the endpoint to OpenShift</a></li>
<li><a href="#building-the-mobile-client">1.7. Building the mobile client</a></li>
<li><a href="#exploring-the-mobile-client">1.8. Exploring the mobile client</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#Java_Servlet_Technology">2. Java Servlet Technology</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#content-java-servlet-technology">2.1. Content</a></li>
<li><a href="#asynchronous-support">2.2. Asynchronous Support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#Managed_Beans">3. Managed Beans</a></li>
<li><a href="#Bean_Validation">4. Bean Validation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#configure-jbossas-for-messaging">4.1. Configure JBossAS for Messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="#adding-the-message-destinations">4.2. Adding the message destinations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#JavaMail_API">5. JavaMail API</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#session-beans">5.1. Session Beans</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#stateful-session-beans">5.1.1. Stateful Session Beans</a></li>
<li><a href="#stateless-session-beans">5.1.2. Stateless Session Beans</a></li>
<li><a href="#singleton-session-beans">5.1.3. Singleton Session Beans</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#message-driven-beans">5.2. Message Driven Beans</a></li>
<li><a href="#how-can-enterprise-javabeans-can-be-accessed">5.3. How can Enterprise JavaBeans can be accessed?</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#remote-call-invocation">5.3.1. Remote call invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#local-call-invocation">5.3.2. Local call invocation</a></li>
<li><a href="#web-services">5.3.3. Web Services</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#packaging">5.4. Packaging</a></li>
<li><a href="#developing-web-service-implementations">5.5. Developing web service implementations</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#the-service-implementation-class">5.5.1. The service implementation class</a></li>
<li><a href="#deploying-service-implementations">5.5.2. Deploying service implementations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#consuming-web-services">5.6. Consuming web services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#creating-the-client-artifacts">5.6.1. Creating the client artifacts</a></li>
<li><a href="#constructing-a-service-stub">5.6.2. Constructing a service stub</a></li>
<li><a href="#appendix">5.6.3. Appendix</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>© 2017 The original authors.</p>
</div>
<!-- toc disabled -->
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Coming Soon</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This guide is still under development, check back soon!</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="Java_API_for_RESTful_Web_Services_JAX-RS">1. Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="content-java-api-restful-web-services">1.1. Content</h3>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="tutorial-overview">1.2. Tutorial Overview</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This chapter describes the Java API for RESTful web services (JAX-RS,
defined in <a href="http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=311">JSR331</a>).
<a href="http://www.jboss.org/resteasy">RESTEasy</a> is an portable implementation of
this specification which can run in any Servlet container. Tight
integration with JBoss Application Server is available for optimal user
experience in that environment. While JAX-RS is only a server-side
specification, RESTeasy has innovated to bring JAX-RS to the client
through the RESTEasy JAX-RS Client Framework.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Detailed documentation on RESTEasy is available
<a href="http://www.jboss.org/resteasy/docs.html">here</a>.<br>
The source for this tutorial is in github repository
<a href="https://github.com/tdiesler/javaee-tutorial">git://github.com/tdiesler/javaee-tutorial.git</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="https://openshift.redhat.com/app">OpenShift</a>, is a portfolio of portable
cloud services for deploying and managing applications in the cloud.
This tutorial shows how to deploy a RESTful web service on the free
OpenShift Express JavaEE cartridge that runs
<a href="http://www.jboss.org/jbossas">JBossAS 7</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An application running on <a href="http://www.android.com">Android</a> shows how to
leverage JBoss technology on mobile devices. Specifically, we show how
use the RESTEasy client API from an Android device to integrate with a
RESTful service running on a JBossAS 7 instance in the cloud.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following topics are addressed</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>What are RESTful web services</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Creating a RESTful server endpoint</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Deploying a RESTful endpoint to a JBossAS instance in the cloud</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>RESTEasy client running on an Android mobile device</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="what-are-restful-web-services">1.3. What are RESTful Web Services?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Coming Soon</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
This section is still under development.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>RESTful web services are designed to expose APIs on the web. REST stands
for <strong>Re</strong>presentational <strong>S</strong>tate <strong>T</strong>ransfer. It aims to provide
better performance, scalability, and flexibility than traditinoal web
services, by allowing clients to access data and resources using
predictable URLs. Many well-known public web services expose RESTful
APIs.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Jakarta specification for RESTful services is
JAX-RS. It is covered by JSR-311 ( <a href="http://jcp.org/jsr/detail/311.jsp" class="bare">http://jcp.org/jsr/detail/311.jsp</a>).
In the REST model, the server exposes APIs through specific URIs
(typically URLs), and clients access those URIs to query or modify data.
REST uses a stateless communication protocol. Typically, this is HTTP.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following is a summary of RESTful design principles:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>A URL is tied to a resource using the <code>@Path</code> annotation. Clients
access the resource using the URL.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operations are accessed via
<code>PUT</code>, <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, and <code>DELETE</code> requests in the HTTP protocol.</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>PUT</code> creates a new resource.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DELETE</code> deletes a resource.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>GET</code> retrieves the current state of a resource.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>POST</code> updates a resources’s state.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resources are decoupled from their representation, so that clients can
request the data in a variety of different formats.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Stateful interactions require explicit state transfer, in the form of
URL rewriting, cookies, and hidden form fields. State can also be
embedded in response messages.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="creating-a-restful-endpoint">1.4. Creating a RESTful endpoint</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A RESTful endpoint is deployed as JavaEE web archive (WAR). For this
tutorial we use a simple library application to manage some books. There
are two classes in this application:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Library</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Book</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Book is a plain old Java object (POJO) with two attributes. This is
a simple Java representation of a RESTful entity.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight nowrap"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">Book</span> {
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> isbn;
<span class="directive">private</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> title;
<span class="error"> </span>
...
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Library is the RESTful Root Resource. Here we use a set of standard
JAX-RS annotations to define</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The root path to the library resource</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The wire representation of the data (MIME type)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Http methods and corresponding paths</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight nowrap"><code data-lang="java"><span class="annotation">@Path</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">/library</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)
<span class="annotation">@Consumes</span>({ <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">application/json</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> })
<span class="annotation">@Produces</span>({ <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">application/json</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> })
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">Library</span> {
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="annotation">@GET</span>
<span class="annotation">@Path</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">/books</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">Collection</span><<span class="predefined-type">Book</span>> getBooks() {
...
}
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="annotation">@GET</span>
<span class="annotation">@Path</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">/book/{isbn}</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">Book</span> getBook(<span class="annotation">@PathParam</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">isbn</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>) <span class="predefined-type">String</span> id) {
...
}
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="annotation">@PUT</span>
<span class="annotation">@Path</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">/book/{isbn}</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">Book</span> addBook(<span class="annotation">@PathParam</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">isbn</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>) <span class="predefined-type">String</span> id, <span class="annotation">@QueryParam</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">title</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>) <span class="predefined-type">String</span> title) {
...
}
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="annotation">@POST</span>
<span class="annotation">@Path</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">/book/{isbn}</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">Book</span> updateBook(<span class="annotation">@PathParam</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">isbn</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>) <span class="predefined-type">String</span> id, <span class="predefined-type">String</span> title) {
...
}
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="annotation">@DELETE</span>
<span class="annotation">@Path</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">/book/{isbn}</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">Book</span> removeBook(<span class="annotation">@PathParam</span>(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">isbn</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>) <span class="predefined-type">String</span> id) {
...
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Library root resource uses these JAX-RS annotations:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 50%;">
<col style="width: 50%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Annotation</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@Path</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Identifies the URI path that a resource class or class method
will serve requests for</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@Consumes</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Defines the media types that the methods of a resource class
can accept</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@Produces</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Defines the media type(s) that the methods of a resource
class can produce</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@GET</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Indicates that the annotated method responds to HTTP GET requests</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@PUT</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Indicates that the annotated method responds to HTTP PUT requests</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@POST</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Indicates that the annotated method responds to HTTP POST
requests</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">@DELETE</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Indicates that the annotated method responds to HTTP DELETE
requests</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For a full description of the available JAX-RS annotations, see the
<a href="http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ws/rs/package-summary.html">JAX-RS
API</a> documentation.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="package-and-build-the-endpoint">1.5. Package and build the endpoint</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To package the endpoint we create a simple web archive and include a
web.xml with the following content</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Review</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<a href="https://issues.redhat.com/browse/AS7-1674">AS7-1674</a> Remove or explain why
web.xml is needed for RESTful endpoints
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight nowrap"><code data-lang="java"><web-app version=<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">2.4</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span> xmlns=<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>
xmlns:xsi=<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>
xsi:schemaLocation=<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>javax.ws.rs.core.Application</servlet-name>
<url-pattern><span class="comment">/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The root context is defined in jboss-web.xml</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight nowrap"><code data-lang="java"><jboss-web>
<context-root>jaxrs-sample</context-root>
</jboss-web></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The code for the JAX-RS part of this tutorial is available on
<a href="https://github.com/tdiesler/javaee-tutorial/tree/master/jaxrs" class="bare">https://github.com/tdiesler/javaee-tutorial/tree/master/jaxrs</a>. In this
step we clone the repository and build the endpoint using
<a href="http://maven.apache.org">maven</a>. There are a number of JAX-RS client
tests that run against a local JBossAS 7 instance. Before we build the
project, we set the JBOSS_HOME environment variable accordingly.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="http://www.jboss.org/arquillian">Arquillian</a>, the test framework we use
throughout this tutorial, can manage server startup/shutdown. It is
however also possible to startup the server instance manually before you
run the tests. The latter allows you to look at the console and see what
log output the deployment phase and JAX-RS endpoint invocations produce.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight nowrap"><code data-lang="java"><span class="error">$</span> git clone git:<span class="comment">//github.com/tdiesler/javaee-tutorial.git</span>
Cloning into javaee-tutorial...
<span class="error"> </span>
<span class="error">$</span> cd javaee-tutorial/jaxrs
<span class="error">$</span> <span class="keyword">export</span> JBOSS_HOME=~/workspace/jboss-as-<span class="float">7.0</span><span class="float">.1</span>.Final
<span class="error">$</span> mvn install
...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] JavaEE Tutorial - JAX-RS .......................... SUCCESS [<span class="float">1.694</span>s]
[INFO] JavaEE Tutorial - JAX-RS Server ................... SUCCESS [<span class="float">2.392</span>s]
[INFO] JavaEE Tutorial - JAX-RS Client ................... SUCCESS [<span class="float">7.304</span>s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: <span class="float">12.142</span>s</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="deploy-the-endpoint-to-openshift">1.6. Deploy the endpoint to OpenShift</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>First we need to create a free
<a href="https://openshift.redhat.com/app/express">OpenShift Express</a> account and
select the JavaEE cartridge that runs JBossAS 7. Once we have received
the confirmation email from OpenShift we can continue to create our
subdomain and deploy the RESTful endpoint. A series of videos on the
OpenShift Express page shows you how to do this. There is also an
excellent <a href="https://openshift.redhat.com/app/express#quickstart">quick
start document</a> that you have access to after login.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For this tutorial we assume you have done the above and that we can
continue by creating the OpenShift application. This step sets up your
JBossAS 7 instance in the cloud. Additionally a <a href="http://git-scm.com">Git</a>
repository is configured that gives access to your deployed application.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight nowrap"><code data-lang="java"><span class="error">$</span> rhc-create-app -a tutorial -t jbossas-<span class="float">7.0</span>
Password:
<span class="error"> </span>
Attempting to create remote application space: tutorial
Successfully created application: tutorial
Now your <span class="keyword">new</span> domain name is being propagated worldwide (<span class="local-variable">this</span> might take a minute)...