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rationale.adoc.html
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<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>test</title>
<style>
#wrapper {width: 960px; margin: 0 auto;}
/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, nav, section, summary { display: block; }
audio, canvas, video { display: inline-block; }
audio:not([controls]) { display: none; height: 0; }
[hidden], template { display: none; }
script { display: none !important; }
html { font-family: sans-serif; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body { margin: 0; }
a { background: transparent; }
a:focus { outline: thin dotted; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0; }
h1 { font-size: 2em; margin: 0.67em 0; }
abbr[title] { border-bottom: 1px dotted; }
b, strong { font-weight: bold; }
dfn { font-style: italic; }
hr { -moz-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0; }
mark { background: #ff0; color: #000; }
code, kbd, pre, samp { font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 1em; }
pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
q { quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"; }
small { font-size: 80%; }
sub, sup { font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; }
sup { top: -0.5em; }
sub { bottom: -0.25em; }
img { border: 0; }
svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden; }
figure { margin: 0; }
fieldset { border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; margin: 0 2px; padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em; }
legend { border: 0; padding: 0; }
button, input, select, textarea { font-family: inherit; font-size: 100%; margin: 0; }
button, input { line-height: normal; }
button, select { text-transform: none; }
button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"] { -webkit-appearance: button; cursor: pointer; }
button[disabled], html input[disabled] { cursor: default; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0; }
input[type="search"] { -webkit-appearance: textfield; -moz-box-sizing: content-box; -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box; }
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { -webkit-appearance: none; }
button::-moz-focus-inner, input::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0; padding: 0; }
textarea { overflow: auto; vertical-align: top; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
meta.foundation-mq-small { font-family: "only screen and (min-width: 768px)"; width: 768px; }
meta.foundation-mq-medium { font-family: "only screen and (min-width:1280px)"; width: 1280px; }
meta.foundation-mq-large { font-family: "only screen and (min-width:1440px)"; width: 1440px; }
*, *:before, *:after { -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body { font-size: 100%; }
body { background: white; color: #222222; padding: 0; margin: 0; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; line-height: 1; position: relative; cursor: auto; }
a:hover { cursor: pointer; }
img, object, embed { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
object, embed { height: 100%; }
img { -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; }
#map_canvas img, #map_canvas embed, #map_canvas object, .map_canvas img, .map_canvas embed, .map_canvas object { max-width: none !important; }
.left { float: left !important; }
.right { float: right !important; }
.text-left { text-align: left !important; }
.text-right { text-align: right !important; }
.text-center { text-align: center !important; }
.text-justify { text-align: justify !important; }
.hide { display: none; }
.antialiased, body { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
img { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
textarea { height: auto; min-height: 50px; }
select { width: 100%; }
p.lead, .paragraph.lead > p, #preamble > .sectionbody > .paragraph:first-of-type p { font-size: 1.21875em; line-height: 1.6; }
.subheader, #content #toctitle, .admonitionblock td.content > .title, .exampleblock > .title, .imageblock > .title, .listingblock > .title, .literalblock > .title, .mathblock > .title, .openblock > .title, .paragraph > .title, .quoteblock > .title, .sidebarblock > .title, .tableblock > .title, .verseblock > .title, .videoblock > .title, .dlist > .title, .olist > .title, .ulist > .title, .qlist > .title, .hdlist > .title, .tableblock > caption { line-height: 1.4; color: #7a2518; font-weight: 300; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6, pre, form, p, blockquote, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; direction: ltr; }
a { color: #005498; text-decoration: underline; line-height: inherit; }
a:hover, a:focus { color: #00467f; }
a img { border: none; }
p { font-family: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.25em; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; }
p aside { font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.35; font-style: italic; }
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h1 small, h2 small, h3 small, #toctitle small, .sidebarblock > .content > .title small, h4 small, h5 small, h6 small { font-size: 60%; color: #e99b8f; line-height: 0; }
h1 { font-size: 2.125em; }
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h6 { font-size: 1em; }
hr { border: solid #dddddd; border-width: 1px 0 0; clear: both; margin: 1.25em 0 1.1875em; height: 0; }
em, i { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; }
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code { font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-weight: normal; color: #6d180b; }
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ul, ol { margin-left: 1.5em; }
ul.no-bullet, ol.no-bullet { margin-left: 1.5em; }
ul li ul, ul li ol { margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 1em; }
ul.square li ul, ul.circle li ul, ul.disc li ul { list-style: inherit; }
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ul.circle { list-style-type: circle; }
ul.disc { list-style-type: disc; }
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dl dt { margin-bottom: 0.3125em; font-weight: bold; }
dl dd { margin-bottom: 1.25em; }
abbr, acronym { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 90%; color: #222222; border-bottom: 1px dotted #dddddd; cursor: help; }
abbr { text-transform: none; }
blockquote { margin: 0 0 1.25em; padding: 0.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em; border-left: 1px solid #dddddd; }
blockquote cite { display: block; font-size: inherit; color: #555555; }
blockquote cite:before { content: "\2014 \0020"; }
blockquote cite a, blockquote cite a:visited { color: #555555; }
blockquote, blockquote p { line-height: 1.6; color: #6f6f6f; }
.vcard { display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 1.25em 0; border: 1px solid #dddddd; padding: 0.625em 0.75em; }
.vcard li { margin: 0; display: block; }
.vcard .fn { font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.9375em; }
.vevent .summary { font-weight: bold; }
.vevent abbr { cursor: auto; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border: none; padding: 0 0.0625em; }
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { h1, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title, h4, h5, h6 { line-height: 1.4; }
h1 { font-size: 2.75em; }
h2 { font-size: 2.3125em; }
h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title { font-size: 1.6875em; }
h4 { font-size: 1.4375em; } }
.print-only { display: none !important; }
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a, a:visited { text-decoration: underline; }
a[href]:after { content: " (" attr(href) ")"; }
abbr[title]:after { content: " (" attr(title) ")"; }
.ir a:after, a[href^="javascript:"]:after, a[href^="#"]:after { content: ""; }
pre, blockquote { border: 1px solid #999; page-break-inside: avoid; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
tr, img { page-break-inside: avoid; }
img { max-width: 100% !important; }
@page { margin: 0.5cm; }
p, h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title { orphans: 3; widows: 3; }
h2, h3, #toctitle, .sidebarblock > .content > .title { page-break-after: avoid; }
.hide-on-print { display: none !important; }
.print-only { display: block !important; }
.hide-for-print { display: none !important; }
.show-for-print { display: inherit !important; } }
table { background: white; margin-bottom: 1.25em; border: solid 1px #dddddd; }
table thead, table tfoot { background: whitesmoke; font-weight: bold; }
table thead tr th, table thead tr td, table tfoot tr th, table tfoot tr td { padding: 0.5em 0.625em 0.625em; font-size: inherit; color: #222222; text-align: left; }
table tr th, table tr td { padding: 0.5625em 0.625em; font-size: inherit; color: #222222; }
table tr.even, table tr.alt, table tr:nth-of-type(even) { background: #f9f9f9; }
table thead tr th, table tfoot tr th, table tbody tr td, table tr td, table tfoot tr td { display: table-cell; line-height: 1.6; }
.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after, .float-group:before, .float-group:after { content: " "; display: table; }
.clearfix:after, .float-group:after { clear: both; }
*:not(pre) > code { font-size: 0.9375em; padding: 1px 3px 0; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid #cccccc; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; text-shadow: none; }
pre, pre > code { line-height: 1.4; color: inherit; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-weight: normal; }
kbd.keyseq { color: #555555; }
kbd:not(.keyseq) { display: inline-block; color: #222222; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.4; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px solid #ccc; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px white inset; box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 0 2px white inset; margin: -0.15em 0.15em 0 0.15em; padding: 0.2em 0.6em 0.2em 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; }
kbd kbd:first-child { margin-left: 0; }
kbd kbd:last-child { margin-right: 0; }
.menuseq, .menu { color: #090909; }
b.button:before { content: '[ '; }
b.button:after { content: ' ]'; }
p a > code:hover { color: #561309; }
#header, #content, #footnotes, #footer { width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; max-width: 62.5em; *zoom: 1; position: relative; padding-left: 0.9375em; padding-right: 0.9375em; }
#header:before, #header:after, #content:before, #content:after, #footnotes:before, #footnotes:after, #footer:before, #footer:after { content: " "; display: table; }
#header:after, #content:after, #footnotes:after, #footer:after { clear: both; }
#header { margin-bottom: 2.5em; }
#header > h1 { color: black; font-weight: normal; border-bottom: 1px solid #dddddd; margin-bottom: -28px; padding-bottom: 32px; }
#header span { color: #6f6f6f; }
#header #revnumber { text-transform: capitalize; }
#header br { display: none; }
#header br + span { padding-left: 3px; }
#header br + span:before { content: "\2013 \0020"; }
#header br + span.author { padding-left: 0; }
#header br + span.author:before { content: ", "; }
#toc { border-bottom: 3px double #ebebeb; padding-bottom: 1.25em; }
#toc > ul { margin-left: 0.25em; }
#toc ul.sectlevel0 > li > a { font-style: italic; }
#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1 { margin-left: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
#toc ul { list-style-type: none; }
#toctitle { color: #7a2518; }
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { body.toc2 { padding-left: 15em; padding-right: 0; }
#toc.toc2 { position: fixed; width: 15em; left: 0; top: 0; border-right: 1px solid #ebebeb; border-bottom: 0; z-index: 1000; padding: 1em; height: 100%; overflow: auto; }
#toc.toc2 #toctitle { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.2em; }
#toc.toc2 > ul { font-size: .90em; }
#toc.toc2 ul ul { margin-left: 0; padding-left: 1em; }
#toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1 { padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
body.toc2.toc-right { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 15em; }
body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2 { border-right: 0; border-left: 1px solid #ebebeb; left: auto; right: 0; } }
@media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { body.toc2 { padding-left: 20em; padding-right: 0; }
#toc.toc2 { width: 20em; }
#toc.toc2 #toctitle { font-size: 1.375em; }
#toc.toc2 > ul { font-size: 0.95em; }
#toc.toc2 ul ul { padding-left: 1.25em; }
body.toc2.toc-right { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 20em; } }
#content #toc { border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: #d9d9d9; margin-bottom: 1.25em; padding: 1.25em; background: #f2f2f2; border-width: 0; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; }
#content #toc > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
#content #toc > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
#content #toc a { text-decoration: none; }
#content #toctitle { font-weight: bold; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; padding-left: 0.125em; }
#footer { max-width: 100%; background-color: #222222; padding: 1.25em; }
#footer-text { color: #dddddd; line-height: 1.44; }
.sect1 { padding-bottom: 1.25em; }
.sect1 + .sect1 { border-top: 3px double #ebebeb; }
#content h1 > a.anchor, h2 > a.anchor, h3 > a.anchor, #toctitle > a.anchor, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor, h4 > a.anchor, h5 > a.anchor, h6 > a.anchor { position: absolute; width: 1em; margin-left: -1em; display: block; text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; text-align: center; font-weight: normal; }
#content h1 > a.anchor:before, h2 > a.anchor:before, h3 > a.anchor:before, #toctitle > a.anchor:before, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor:before, h4 > a.anchor:before, h5 > a.anchor:before, h6 > a.anchor:before { content: '\00A7'; font-size: .85em; vertical-align: text-top; display: block; margin-top: 0.05em; }
#content h1:hover > a.anchor, #content h1 > a.anchor:hover, h2:hover > a.anchor, h2 > a.anchor:hover, h3:hover > a.anchor, #toctitle:hover > a.anchor, .sidebarblock > .content > .title:hover > a.anchor, h3 > a.anchor:hover, #toctitle > a.anchor:hover, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.anchor:hover, h4:hover > a.anchor, h4 > a.anchor:hover, h5:hover > a.anchor, h5 > a.anchor:hover, h6:hover > a.anchor, h6 > a.anchor:hover { visibility: visible; }
#content h1 > a.link, h2 > a.link, h3 > a.link, #toctitle > a.link, .sidebarblock > .content > .title > a.link, h4 > a.link, h5 > a.link, h6 > a.link { color: #ba3925; text-decoration: none; }
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<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div class="article">
<h1>VECNet - Open Source License</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes the rationale behind the selection of <u>Mozilla Public License 2.0</u> as the open source license for VECNet software developed by VECNet institutions.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Alexander Vyushkov , James Domingo , Notre Dame Center for Research Computing</em></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_current_status">1. Current Status</a></li>
<li><a href="#_executive_summary">2. Executive Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#_rationale_details">3. Rationale Details</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_osi_s_popular_licenses">3.1. OSI’s Popular Licenses</a></li>
<li><a href="#_3_groups_of_popular_licenses">3.2. 3 Groups of Popular Licenses</a></li>
<li><a href="#_legal_ambiguities_with_gpl">3.3. Legal Ambiguities with GPL</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_current_status">1. Current Status</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document is a draft.
It currently only accounts for Notre Dame’s policies, and therefore, it currently only applies to VECNet software written by Notre Dame employees.
The policies of other VECNet institutions need to be reviewed, so this document can be updated to ensure compliance with all relevant policies.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_executive_summary">2. Executive Summary</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The project’s proposal / contract requires the use of an open-source software license approved by the Open Source Initiative (<a href="http://opensource.org/" class="bare">http://opensource.org/</a>).
Per Notre Dame’s IP policy (<a href="http://policy.nd.edu/policy_files/IntellectualPropertyPolicy.pdf" class="bare">http://policy.nd.edu/policy_files/IntellectualPropertyPolicy.pdf</a>), the University of Notre Dame holds copyright to the software written by staff programmers at CRC.
Therefore, project staff at ND consulted the Office of Technology Transfer (OTT, <a href="http://ott.nd.edu/" class="bare">http://ott.nd.edu/</a>), whose mission includes “providing guidance in matters relating to University Intellectual Property”.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Per OTT’s guidance, the project leadership at ND should choose among the OSI’s list of Popular Licenses (<a href="http://opensource.org/licenses" class="bare">http://opensource.org/licenses</a>) since VECNet is a new project (as opposed to contributing software to an existing open-source project which already has a license).
The list contains 7 popular, widely-used licenses and 2 licenses with strong, active communities.
Since VECNet software is not part of either of the latter two communities, then its license should be one from the 7 popular licenses.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>These 7 licenses were categorized into 3 groups based on their requirements for sharing of source code when software is distributed:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Reciprocal (GPL)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Limited Reciprocal (LGPL, MPL)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Permissive (Apache, BSD 2-clause, BSD 3-clause, MIT)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Reciprocal group was eliminated (rejected) because of legal ambiguities associated with GPL (cite Van Lindberg’s book).
Both of the remaining license groups — Limited Reciprocal and Permissive — would be satisfactory/acceptable for the project.
In order to make a license recommendation, we consulted other project documents for guidance.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In Master Collaborative Agreement (MCA), the "Data Sharing Guiding Principles" in Appendix B <span class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnote_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</span> state:</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
The intent of VECNet is to create a publically available facility for analysis and dissemination of data and information about vector-borne diseases and that the results of their work should similarly be broadly and publicly available.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the spirit of keeping our work (our source code) as broadly and publicly available, we recommend a Limited Reciprocal license.
This type of license will require external developers that modify VECNet software and distribute it, to contribute their VECNet modifications back to the project, thus ensuring these modifications continue to benefit the public.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Either one of the two Limited Reciprocal licenses (LGPL or MPL) would be satisfactory/ acceptable for the project.
We recommend <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/">MPL 2.0</a> because it is much shorter and simpler to understand, than <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">LGPLv3</a>.
LGLPv3 is “a set of additional permissions added to <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html">version 3 of the GNU General Public License</a>”, so the GPLv3 has to be distributed with LGPLv3.
Furthermore, Lindberg recommends MPL because:</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
The careful wording and excellent legal work that went into the MPL make it a good choice for open source licensing in a corporate context.
</blockquote>
<div class="attribution">
— pg 211
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that Lindberg is talking about MPL 1.1; MPL 2.0 was a major revision in 2012 that made the license even better. Lindberg also notes:</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
In practice, the MPL is most often used for larger platform or infrastructural projects, whereas the LGPL is used for libraries and small pieces of well-defined accessory code.
</blockquote>
<div class="attribution">
— pg 211
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Given the scale of the VecNet project, MPL is the more appropriate license.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_rationale_details">3. Rationale Details</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Additional information that expands on stuff presented in the executive summary.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_osi_s_popular_licenses">3.1. OSI’s Popular Licenses</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Open Source Initiative (OSI) approves licenses for open-source software.
Approved licenses are grouped into <a href="http://opensource.org/licenses/category">several categories</a>.
The categories were developed by OSI’s License Proliferation Committee because it “… <em>thought that these more descriptive categories would help people initially picking a license to use one of the more popular licenses, thereby helping to reduce the numbers of different licenses commonly used.</em>”
<span class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnote_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</span></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Accordingly, the licenses in the popular category are also listed on <a href="http://opensource.org/licenses">OSI’s license home page</a>:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 66%;">
<col style="width: 33%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0">Apache License 2.0</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" license</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause">BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" license</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license">GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT">MIT license</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MPL-2.0">Mozilla Public License 2.0</a><br></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">popular and widely used</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0">Common Development and Distribution License</a><br>
<a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/EPL-1.0">Eclipse Public License</a></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">have strong communities</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In its 2006 <a href="http://opensource.org/proliferation-report">License Proliferation Report</a>, the committee explained why popularity was considered a category:</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
While it might at first sight not seem appropriate for the popularity of a license to be significant in categorizing it, popular and long-established licenses have an important thing going for them: the existence of an established interpretive tradition and a well-developed set of expectations about correct behavior with respect to them.
This is significant in reducing confusion and (especially in common-law countries) is even likely to condition judicial interpretation of the licenses.
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To identify “licenses that are popular and widely used or with strong communities”, the committee “… <em>used statistics obtained from public sources to determine which licenses are widely used.
We believed that there were a few licenses that, while not the most popular, were widely used within their communities and that these also belonged in this group.”</em>
The few licenses "with strong communities" are the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) and the Eclipse Public License (EPL).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The CDDL was developed <span class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnote_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</span> by Sun Microsystems in 2004, and is used by various open- source projects that originated at Sun, e.g., OpenSolaris (operating system), NetBeans (IDE <span class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_4" class="footnote" href="#_footnote_4" title="View footnote.">4</a>]</span>), GlassFish (Java application server).
The Eclipse Public License (EPL) is used within the <a href="http://eclipse.org/">Eclipse community</a>, which formed in 2001 when IBM released the source code for its Eclipse IDE under the Common Public License (CPL).
Initially, the project was stewarded by the Eclipse Consortium.
In 2004, the Eclipse Foundation replaced the consortium, and the EPL was developed to replace the CPL.<br></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If a new open source project was developing software for one of these two communities, then the license used within that community is definitely a reasonable candidate for the new project’s license.
But in the case of VecNet, since its software is not part of either of those communities, its open-source license should, instead, be one of the 7 popular and widely-used licenses.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_3_groups_of_popular_licenses">3.2. 3 Groups of Popular Licenses</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The 7 popular and widely-used licenses can be grouped based on their requirements for sharing source code.</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33%;">
<col style="width: 33%;">
<col style="width: 33%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Reciprocal</strong><br>
<em>Strong Copyleft</em></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Limited Reciprocal</strong><br>
<em>Weak Copyleft</em></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Permissive</strong><br>
<em>Academic, Research</em></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock">GPL</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock">LGPL<br>
MPL (Mozilla)</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Apache<br>
BSD (2-clause)<br>
BSD (3-clause)<br>
MIT</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The alternative names for the groups (shown in italics above) are described in this very useful article: <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1002598">A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To illustrate their requirements about sharing source code, consider the scenario where one developer, Harry, has written and distributed a software library outside his organization.
Another developer at a different organization, Sally, has written a program that uses Harry’s library.
Sally wants to distribute her program outside her organization.
The license that Sally can distribute her program with depends upon which license Harry distributed his library with, and whether Sally made any modifications to his library.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_sally_uses_harry_s_code_as_is_unmodified">3.2.1. Sally uses Harry’s code as is (unmodified)</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 50%;">
<col style="width: 16%;">
<col style="width: 16%;">
<col style="width: 16%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">If Harry distributes his library
with this license:</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Reciprocal</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Limited
Reciprocal</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Permissive</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Does Sally have to share the source code for her program?</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Yes</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her decision</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her decision</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">If so, under what license?</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Same</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her choice</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her choice</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_sally_modifies_harry_s_code">3.2.2. Sally modifies Harry’s code</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 50%;">
<col style="width: 16%;">
<col style="width: 16%;">
<col style="width: 16%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">If Harry distributes his library
with this license:</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Reciprocal</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Limited
Reciprocal</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Permissive</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Does Sally have to share the source code for <strong>her program</strong>?</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Yes</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her decision</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her decision</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">If so, under what license?</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Same</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her choice</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her choice</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Does Sally have to share the source code for <strong>her changes to Harry’s library</strong>?</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Yes</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Yes</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her decision</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">If so, under what license?</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Same</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #FFEFC1;"><p class="tableblock">Same</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" style="background-color: #C5DAF0;"><p class="tableblock">Her choice</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_legal_ambiguities_with_gpl">3.3. Legal Ambiguities with GPL</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This section should summarize the legal ambiguities that Lindberg describes in his book (chapter 12).
We don’t want to replicate the whole chapter; just present the key points:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Legal experts disagree whether linking to GPL code creates a derivative work under copyright law.</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Free Software Foundation says in GPL that it does.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>But Lindberg, and a Stanford law professor he cites, disagree (linking does NOT create a derivative work)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><em>“In considering the differences between the LGPLv2 and LGPLv3, the best answer is probably dual licensing under both version 2 and version 3 as discussed relative to the GPL below.” (pg 212)</em>
Dual licensing means more effort to explain why there are two licenses to developers.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes">
<hr>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnote_1">
<a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a> Appendix B, "VECNet DATA ACCESS AND CONTRIBUTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES"
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnote_2">
<a href="#_footnoteref_2">2</a> Section 4, "The Groups" in the OSI <a href="http://opensource.org/proliferation-report">License Proliferation Report</a>
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnote_3">
<a href="#_footnoteref_3">3</a> From Mozilla Public License 1.1
</div>
<div class="footnote" id="_footnote_4">
<a href="#_footnoteref_4">4</a> Integrated Development Environment = set of integrated tools used by programmers to write software
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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