diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index f7bf8364552..34c3be775be 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pd-analysis:
 pd-heartbeat-bench:
 	cd tools && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/pd-heartbeat-bench pd-heartbeat-bench/main.go
 simulator:
-	cd tools && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/pd-simulator pd-simulator/main.go
+	cd tools && GOEXPERIMENT=$(BUILD_GOEXPERIMENT) CGO_ENABLED=$(BUILD_CGO_ENABLED) go build $(BUILD_FLAGS) -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/pd-simulator pd-simulator/main.go
 regions-dump:
 	cd tools && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -gcflags '$(GCFLAGS)' -ldflags '$(LDFLAGS)' -o $(BUILD_BIN_PATH)/regions-dump regions-dump/main.go
 stores-dump:
diff --git a/pkg/core/region.go b/pkg/core/region.go
index 73f2fdd62e7..f0c78f443bd 100644
--- a/pkg/core/region.go
+++ b/pkg/core/region.go
@@ -2211,8 +2211,10 @@ func NewTestRegionInfo(regionID, storeID uint64, start, end []byte, opts ...Regi
 }
 
 // TraverseRegions executes a function on all regions.
-// ONLY for simulator now and function need to be self-locked.
+// ONLY for simulator now and only for READ.
 func (r *RegionsInfo) TraverseRegions(lockedFunc func(*RegionInfo)) {
+	r.t.RLock()
+	defer r.t.RUnlock()
 	for _, item := range r.regions {
 		lockedFunc(item.RegionInfo)
 	}
diff --git a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/client.go b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/client.go
index 77166f38674..8acf3ccd9ab 100644
--- a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/client.go
+++ b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/client.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pingcap/errors"
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ type Client interface {
 }
 
 const (
-	pdTimeout             = time.Second
+	pdTimeout             = 3 * time.Second
 	maxInitClusterRetries = 100
 	// retry to get leader URL
 	leaderChangedWaitTime = 100 * time.Millisecond
@@ -62,13 +63,13 @@ var (
 	errFailInitClusterID = errors.New("[pd] failed to get cluster id")
 	PDHTTPClient         pdHttp.Client
 	SD                   pd.ServiceDiscovery
-	ClusterID            uint64
+	ClusterID            atomic.Uint64
 )
 
 // requestHeader returns a header for fixed ClusterID.
 func requestHeader() *pdpb.RequestHeader {
 	return &pdpb.RequestHeader{
-		ClusterId: ClusterID,
+		ClusterId: ClusterID.Load(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -205,12 +206,11 @@ func (c *client) reportRegionHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, stream pdpb.PD_Regio
 	defer wg.Done()
 	for {
 		select {
-		case r := <-c.reportRegionHeartbeatCh:
-			if r == nil {
+		case region := <-c.reportRegionHeartbeatCh:
+			if region == nil {
 				simutil.Logger.Error("report nil regionHeartbeat error",
 					zap.String("tag", c.tag), zap.Error(errors.New("nil region")))
 			}
-			region := r.Clone()
 			request := &pdpb.RegionHeartbeatRequest{
 				Header:          requestHeader(),
 				Region:          region.GetMeta(),
@@ -281,9 +281,8 @@ func (c *client) PutStore(ctx context.Context, store *metapb.Store) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *client) StoreHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, stats *pdpb.StoreStats) error {
+func (c *client) StoreHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, newStats *pdpb.StoreStats) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, pdTimeout)
-	newStats := typeutil.DeepClone(stats, core.StoreStatsFactory)
 	resp, err := c.pdClient().StoreHeartbeat(ctx, &pdpb.StoreHeartbeatRequest{
 		Header: requestHeader(),
 		Stats:  newStats,
@@ -382,8 +381,8 @@ func getLeaderURL(ctx context.Context, conn *grpc.ClientConn) (string, *grpc.Cli
 	if members.GetHeader().GetError() != nil {
 		return "", nil, errors.New(members.GetHeader().GetError().String())
 	}
-	ClusterID = members.GetHeader().GetClusterId()
-	if ClusterID == 0 {
+	ClusterID.Store(members.GetHeader().GetClusterId())
+	if ClusterID.Load() == 0 {
 		return "", nil, errors.New("cluster id is 0")
 	}
 	if members.GetLeader() == nil {
@@ -413,9 +412,9 @@ func (rc *RetryClient) PutStore(ctx context.Context, store *metapb.Store) error
 	return err
 }
 
-func (rc *RetryClient) StoreHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, stats *pdpb.StoreStats) error {
+func (rc *RetryClient) StoreHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, newStats *pdpb.StoreStats) error {
 	_, err := rc.requestWithRetry(func() (any, error) {
-		err := rc.client.StoreHeartbeat(ctx, stats)
+		err := rc.client.StoreHeartbeat(ctx, newStats)
 		return nil, err
 	})
 	return err
@@ -466,10 +465,10 @@ retry:
 			break retry
 		}
 	}
-	if ClusterID == 0 {
+	if ClusterID.Load() == 0 {
 		return "", nil, errors.WithStack(errFailInitClusterID)
 	}
-	simutil.Logger.Info("get cluster id successfully", zap.Uint64("cluster-id", ClusterID))
+	simutil.Logger.Info("get cluster id successfully", zap.Uint64("cluster-id", ClusterID.Load()))
 
 	// Check if the cluster is already bootstrapped.
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, pdTimeout)
@@ -543,7 +542,7 @@ func PutPDConfig(config *sc.PDConfig) error {
 }
 
 func ChooseToHaltPDSchedule(halt bool) {
-	HaltSchedule = halt
+	HaltSchedule.Store(halt)
 	PDHTTPClient.SetConfig(context.Background(), map[string]any{
 		"schedule.halt-scheduling": strconv.FormatBool(halt),
 	})
diff --git a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/drive.go b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/drive.go
index 738c06533d2..8c511b5ac5c 100644
--- a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/drive.go
+++ b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/drive.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pingcap/errors"
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ func (d *Driver) allocID() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), requestTimeout)
-	rootPath := path.Join("/pd", strconv.FormatUint(ClusterID, 10))
+	rootPath := path.Join("/pd", strconv.FormatUint(ClusterID.Load(), 10))
 	allocIDPath := path.Join(rootPath, "alloc_id")
 	_, err = etcdClient.Put(ctx, allocIDPath, string(typeutil.Uint64ToBytes(maxID+1000)))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -176,24 +177,20 @@ func (d *Driver) Tick() {
 	d.wg.Wait()
 }
 
-var HaltSchedule = false
+var HaltSchedule atomic.Bool
 
 // Check checks if the simulation is completed.
 func (d *Driver) Check() bool {
-	if !HaltSchedule {
+	if !HaltSchedule.Load() {
 		return false
 	}
-	length := uint64(len(d.conn.Nodes) + 1)
+	var stats []info.StoreStats
 	var stores []*metapb.Store
-	for index, s := range d.conn.Nodes {
-		if index >= length {
-			length = index + 1
-		}
+	for _, s := range d.conn.Nodes {
+		s.statsMutex.RLock()
 		stores = append(stores, s.Store)
-	}
-	stats := make([]info.StoreStats, length)
-	for index, node := range d.conn.Nodes {
-		stats[index] = *node.stats
+		stats = append(stats, *s.stats)
+		s.statsMutex.RUnlock()
 	}
 	return d.simCase.Checker(stores, d.raftEngine.regionsInfo, stats)
 }
@@ -252,11 +249,13 @@ func (d *Driver) GetBootstrapInfo(r *RaftEngine) (*metapb.Store, *metapb.Region,
 
 func (d *Driver) updateNodeAvailable() {
 	for storeID, n := range d.conn.Nodes {
+		n.statsMutex.Lock()
 		if n.hasExtraUsedSpace {
 			n.stats.StoreStats.Available = n.stats.StoreStats.Capacity - uint64(d.raftEngine.regionsInfo.GetStoreRegionSize(storeID)) - uint64(d.simConfig.RaftStore.ExtraUsedSpace)
 		} else {
 			n.stats.StoreStats.Available = n.stats.StoreStats.Capacity - uint64(d.raftEngine.regionsInfo.GetStoreRegionSize(storeID))
 		}
+		n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/event.go b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/event.go
index 408da5c2e62..86da86ed20d 100644
--- a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/event.go
+++ b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/event.go
@@ -240,7 +240,8 @@ func (e *DownNode) Run(raft *RaftEngine, _ int64) bool {
 	}
 	node.Stop()
 
-	raft.TraverseRegions(func(region *core.RegionInfo) {
+	regions := raft.GetRegions()
+	for _, region := range regions {
 		storeIDs := region.GetStoreIDs()
 		if _, ok := storeIDs[node.Id]; ok {
 			downPeer := &pdpb.PeerStats{
@@ -250,6 +251,6 @@ func (e *DownNode) Run(raft *RaftEngine, _ int64) bool {
 			region = region.Clone(core.WithDownPeers(append(region.GetDownPeers(), downPeer)))
 			raft.SetRegion(region)
 		}
-	})
+	}
 	return true
 }
diff --git a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/node.go b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/node.go
index c055d345425..2059107227e 100644
--- a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/node.go
+++ b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/node.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/core"
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/ratelimit"
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/utils/syncutil"
+	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/utils/typeutil"
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/cases"
 	sc "github.com/tikv/pd/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/config"
 	"github.com/tikv/pd/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/info"
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ type Node struct {
 	cancel            context.CancelFunc
 	raftEngine        *RaftEngine
 	limiter           *ratelimit.RateLimiter
-	sizeMutex         syncutil.Mutex
+	statsMutex        syncutil.RWMutex
 	hasExtraUsedSpace bool
 	snapStats         []*pdpb.SnapshotStat
 	// PD client
@@ -179,12 +180,15 @@ func (n *Node) storeHeartBeat() {
 	if n.GetNodeState() != metapb.NodeState_Preparing && n.GetNodeState() != metapb.NodeState_Serving {
 		return
 	}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(n.ctx, pdTimeout)
+	n.statsMutex.Lock()
 	stats := make([]*pdpb.SnapshotStat, len(n.snapStats))
 	copy(stats, n.snapStats)
 	n.snapStats = n.snapStats[:0]
 	n.stats.SnapshotStats = stats
-	err := n.client.StoreHeartbeat(ctx, &n.stats.StoreStats)
+	newStats := typeutil.DeepClone(&n.stats.StoreStats, core.StoreStatsFactory)
+	n.statsMutex.Unlock()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(n.ctx, pdTimeout)
+	err := n.client.StoreHeartbeat(ctx, newStats)
 	if err != nil {
 		simutil.Logger.Info("report store heartbeat error",
 			zap.Uint64("node-id", n.GetId()),
@@ -194,8 +198,8 @@ func (n *Node) storeHeartBeat() {
 }
 
 func (n *Node) compaction() {
-	n.sizeMutex.Lock()
-	defer n.sizeMutex.Unlock()
+	n.statsMutex.Lock()
+	defer n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	n.stats.Available += n.stats.ToCompactionSize
 	n.stats.UsedSize -= n.stats.ToCompactionSize
 	n.stats.ToCompactionSize = 0
@@ -211,7 +215,7 @@ func (n *Node) regionHeartBeat() {
 			if region == nil {
 				simutil.Logger.Fatal("region not found")
 			}
-			err := n.client.RegionHeartbeat(ctx, region)
+			err := n.client.RegionHeartbeat(ctx, region.Clone())
 			if err != nil {
 				simutil.Logger.Info("report region heartbeat error",
 					zap.Uint64("node-id", n.Id),
@@ -267,19 +271,21 @@ func (n *Node) Stop() {
 }
 
 func (n *Node) incUsedSize(size uint64) {
-	n.sizeMutex.Lock()
-	defer n.sizeMutex.Unlock()
+	n.statsMutex.Lock()
+	defer n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	n.stats.Available -= size
 	n.stats.UsedSize += size
 }
 
 func (n *Node) decUsedSize(size uint64) {
-	n.sizeMutex.Lock()
-	defer n.sizeMutex.Unlock()
+	n.statsMutex.Lock()
+	defer n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	n.stats.ToCompactionSize += size
 }
 
 func (n *Node) registerSnapStats(generate, send, total uint64) {
+	n.statsMutex.Lock()
+	defer n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	stat := pdpb.SnapshotStat{
 		GenerateDurationSec: generate,
 		SendDurationSec:     send,
diff --git a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/raft.go b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/raft.go
index 45afc4d5216..727cc6ab805 100644
--- a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/raft.go
+++ b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/raft.go
@@ -82,10 +82,11 @@ func NewRaftEngine(conf *cases.Case, conn *Connection, storeConfig *config.SimCo
 }
 
 func (r *RaftEngine) stepRegions() {
-	r.TraverseRegions(func(region *core.RegionInfo) {
+	regions := r.GetRegions()
+	for _, region := range regions {
 		r.stepLeader(region)
 		r.stepSplit(region)
-	})
+	}
 }
 
 func (r *RaftEngine) stepLeader(region *core.RegionInfo) {
@@ -228,7 +229,10 @@ func (r *RaftEngine) electNewLeader(region *core.RegionInfo) *metapb.Peer {
 func (r *RaftEngine) GetRegion(regionID uint64) *core.RegionInfo {
 	r.RLock()
 	defer r.RUnlock()
-	return r.regionsInfo.GetRegion(regionID)
+	if region := r.regionsInfo.GetRegion(regionID); region != nil {
+		return region.Clone()
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // GetRegionChange returns a list of RegionID for a given store.
@@ -256,6 +260,13 @@ func (r *RaftEngine) TraverseRegions(lockedFunc func(*core.RegionInfo)) {
 	r.regionsInfo.TraverseRegions(lockedFunc)
 }
 
+// GetRegions gets all RegionInfo from regionMap
+func (r *RaftEngine) GetRegions() []*core.RegionInfo {
+	r.RLock()
+	defer r.RUnlock()
+	return r.regionsInfo.GetRegions()
+}
+
 // SetRegion sets the RegionInfo with regionID
 func (r *RaftEngine) SetRegion(region *core.RegionInfo) []*core.RegionInfo {
 	r.Lock()
diff --git a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/task.go b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/task.go
index c0bfa1e691b..0921838c70b 100644
--- a/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/task.go
+++ b/tools/pd-simulator/simulator/task.go
@@ -517,20 +517,25 @@ func processSnapshot(n *Node, stat *snapshotStat, speed uint64) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 	if stat.status == pending {
-		if stat.action == generate && n.stats.SendingSnapCount > maxSnapGeneratorPoolSize {
+		n.statsMutex.RLock()
+		sendSnapshot, receiveSnapshot := n.stats.SendingSnapCount, n.stats.ReceivingSnapCount
+		n.statsMutex.RUnlock()
+		if stat.action == generate && sendSnapshot > maxSnapGeneratorPoolSize {
 			return false
 		}
-		if stat.action == receive && n.stats.ReceivingSnapCount > maxSnapReceivePoolSize {
+		if stat.action == receive && receiveSnapshot > maxSnapReceivePoolSize {
 			return false
 		}
 		stat.status = running
 		stat.generateStart = time.Now()
+		n.statsMutex.Lock()
 		// If the statement is true, it will start to send or Receive the snapshot.
 		if stat.action == generate {
 			n.stats.SendingSnapCount++
 		} else {
 			n.stats.ReceivingSnapCount++
 		}
+		n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	}
 
 	// store should Generate/Receive snapshot by chunk size.
@@ -548,11 +553,13 @@ func processSnapshot(n *Node, stat *snapshotStat, speed uint64) bool {
 		totalSec := uint64(time.Since(stat.start).Seconds()) * speed
 		generateSec := uint64(time.Since(stat.generateStart).Seconds()) * speed
 		n.registerSnapStats(generateSec, 0, totalSec)
+		n.statsMutex.Lock()
 		if stat.action == generate {
 			n.stats.SendingSnapCount--
 		} else {
 			n.stats.ReceivingSnapCount--
 		}
+		n.statsMutex.Unlock()
 	}
 	return true
 }