diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index a808c39..42269ab 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,37 +1,4 @@ # layer2 -### 一. Layer2 研究总结资料 - -#### [第一章：跨链和侧链技术简单介绍](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/cross-chain.md) -#### [第二章：常见的几种跨链方式](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/normal-crosschain.md) -#### [第三章：Layer2 主要实现方式](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/layer2-main.md) -#### [第四章：Layer2 实现方式之状态通道](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/state-chain.md) -#### [第五章：Layer2 实现方式之 Plasma](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/plasma.md) -#### [第六章：Layer2 实现方式之 Rollup](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/rollup-all.md) -#### [第七章：Optimistic Rollup 和 Zk rollup 的区别联系](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/oz-rollup.md) -#### [第八章：欺诈证明简介](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/fraud-proof.md) -#### [第九章：有效证明简介](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/valid-proof.md) -#### [第十章：Layer2 实现方式之 Validium](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/validium.md) -#### [第十一章：Optimistic Rollup， Zk rollup 和 Validium总结](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/ozv.md) -#### [第十二章：Plasma 代表项目 Polygon](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/polygon.md) -#### [第十三章：Validium 代表项目 StarkEx](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/starkex.md) -#### [第十四章：Optimistic Rollup 代表项目 arbitrum](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/arbitrum.md) -#### [第十五章：Optimistic Rollup 代表项目 optimistim(Boba, Metis)](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/optimistim-metis-boba.md) -#### [第十六章：arbitrum 和 optimistim 对比](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/arbitrum-optimistim.md) -#### [第十七章：Zk Rollup 代表项目 zk sync](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/zksync.md) -#### [第十八章：zk sync 和 arbitrum 和 optimistim 对比](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/arbi-op-zk.md) -#### [第十九章：钱包接入中 Layer2 各条链的区别(Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimistim, Boba, Metis, zkSync)](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/layer2-chain.md) -#### [第十九章：Layer2 生态概览](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/layer2-eco.md) -#### [第二十章：如何设计一条 layer2 的公链](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/layer2-design.md) -#### [第二十一章：总结](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/src/last-ret.md) -#### [附录：零知识证明](https://github.com/guoshijiang/cryptography) - - -### 二. 代码 - -#### [第一章：Arbitrum 的 Nitro 本地网络启动与 ETH/ERC20 充提测试教程](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/code/arbitrum/setup.md) -#### [第二章：Arbitrum 的 Nitro 项目启动和交易执行源码解析](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/code/arbitrum/tx.md) -#### [第三章：Arbitrum 的 Nitro 项目 Rollup 细节深入](https://github.com/guoshijiang/layer2/blob/main/code/arbitrum/rollup.md) - ### 联系作者，一起研究 Layer2，完成该书写作 diff --git a/docs/404.html b/docs/404.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba9c2c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/404.html @@ -0,0 +1,693 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Y([t,r.pipe(N(Oe()),x(n=>!!n.searchParams.get("h")))]).pipe(m(([n,o])=>rn(n.config,!0)(o.searchParams.get("h"))),m(n=>{var s;let o=new Map,i=document.createNodeIterator(e,NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT);for(let a=i.nextNode();a;a=i.nextNode())if((s=a.parentElement)!=null&&s.offsetHeight){let c=a.textContent,f=n(c);f.length>c.length&&o.set(a,f)}for(let[a,c]of o){let{childNodes:f}=M("span",null,c);a.replaceWith(...Array.from(f))}return{ref:e,nodes:o}}))}function Ps(e,{viewport$:t,main$:r}){let n=e.parentElement,o=n.offsetTop-n.parentElement.offsetTop;return Y([r,t]).pipe(m(([{offset:i,height:s},{offset:{y:a}}])=>(s=s+Math.min(o,Math.max(0,a-i))-o,{height:s,locked:a>=i+o})),B((i,s)=>i.height===s.height&&i.locked===s.locked))}function nn(e,n){var o=n,{header$:t}=o,r=un(o,["header$"]);let i=K(".md-sidebar__scrollwrap",e),{y:s}=qe(i);return P(()=>{let a=new E;return 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"sourcesContent": ["(function (global, factory) {\n typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory() :\n typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(factory) :\n (factory());\n}(this, (function () { 'use strict';\n\n /**\n * Applies the :focus-visible polyfill at the given scope.\n * A scope in this case is either the top-level Document or a Shadow Root.\n *\n * @param {(Document|ShadowRoot)} scope\n * @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible\n */\n function applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(scope) {\n var hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n var hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n var hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = null;\n\n var inputTypesAllowlist = {\n text: true,\n search: true,\n url: true,\n tel: true,\n email: true,\n password: true,\n number: true,\n date: true,\n month: true,\n week: true,\n time: true,\n datetime: true,\n 'datetime-local': true\n };\n\n /**\n * Helper function for legacy browsers and iframes which sometimes focus\n * elements like document, body, and non-interactive SVG.\n * @param {Element} el\n */\n function isValidFocusTarget(el) {\n if (\n el &&\n el !== document &&\n el.nodeName !== 'HTML' &&\n el.nodeName !== 'BODY' &&\n 'classList' in el &&\n 'contains' in el.classList\n ) {\n return true;\n }\n return false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Computes whether the given element should automatically trigger the\n * `focus-visible` class being added, i.e. whether it should always match\n * `:focus-visible` when focused.\n * @param {Element} el\n * @return {boolean}\n */\n function focusTriggersKeyboardModality(el) {\n var type = el.type;\n var tagName = el.tagName;\n\n if (tagName === 'INPUT' && inputTypesAllowlist[type] && !el.readOnly) {\n return true;\n }\n\n if (tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && !el.readOnly) {\n return true;\n }\n\n if (el.isContentEditable) {\n return true;\n }\n\n return false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Add the `focus-visible` class to the given element if it was not added by\n * the author.\n * @param {Element} el\n */\n function addFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n if (el.classList.contains('focus-visible')) {\n return;\n }\n el.classList.add('focus-visible');\n el.setAttribute('data-focus-visible-added', '');\n }\n\n /**\n * Remove the `focus-visible` class from the given element if it was not\n * originally added by the author.\n * @param {Element} el\n */\n function removeFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n if (!el.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')) {\n return;\n }\n el.classList.remove('focus-visible');\n el.removeAttribute('data-focus-visible-added');\n }\n\n /**\n * If the most recent user interaction was via the keyboard;\n * and the key press did not include a meta, alt/option, or control key;\n * then the modality is keyboard. Otherwise, the modality is not keyboard.\n * Apply `focus-visible` to any current active element and keep track\n * of our keyboard modality state with `hadKeyboardEvent`.\n * @param {KeyboardEvent} e\n */\n function onKeyDown(e) {\n if (e.metaKey || e.altKey || e.ctrlKey) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (isValidFocusTarget(scope.activeElement)) {\n addFocusVisibleClass(scope.activeElement);\n }\n\n hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n }\n\n /**\n * If at any point a user clicks with a pointing device, ensure that we change\n * the modality away from keyboard.\n * This avoids the situation where a user presses a key on an already focused\n * element, and then clicks on a different element, focusing it with a\n * pointing device, while we still think we're in keyboard modality.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onPointerDown(e) {\n hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n }\n\n /**\n * On `focus`, add the `focus-visible` class to the target if:\n * - the target received focus as a result of keyboard navigation, or\n * - the event target is an element that will likely require interaction\n * via the keyboard (e.g. a text box)\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onFocus(e) {\n // Prevent IE from focusing the document or HTML element.\n if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (hadKeyboardEvent || focusTriggersKeyboardModality(e.target)) {\n addFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * On `blur`, remove the `focus-visible` class from the target.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onBlur(e) {\n if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (\n e.target.classList.contains('focus-visible') ||\n e.target.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')\n ) {\n // To detect a tab/window switch, we look for a blur event followed\n // rapidly by a visibility change.\n // If we don't see a visibility change within 100ms, it's probably a\n // regular focus change.\n hadFocusVisibleRecently = true;\n window.clearTimeout(hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout);\n hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = window.setTimeout(function() {\n hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n }, 100);\n removeFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * If the user changes tabs, keep track of whether or not the previously\n * focused element had .focus-visible.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onVisibilityChange(e) {\n if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {\n // If the tab becomes active again, the browser will handle calling focus\n // on the element (Safari actually calls it twice).\n // If this tab change caused a blur on an element with focus-visible,\n // re-apply the class when the user switches back to the tab.\n if (hadFocusVisibleRecently) {\n hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n }\n addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Add a group of listeners to detect usage of any pointing devices.\n * These listeners will be added when the polyfill first loads, and anytime\n * the window is blurred, so that they are active when the window regains\n * focus.\n */\n function addInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n document.addEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n }\n\n function removeInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n }\n\n /**\n * When the polfyill first loads, assume the user is in keyboard modality.\n * If any event is received from a pointing device (e.g. mouse, pointer,\n * touch), turn off keyboard modality.\n * This accounts for situations where focus enters the page from the URL bar.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onInitialPointerMove(e) {\n // Work around a Safari quirk that fires a mousemove on whenever the\n // window blurs, even if you're tabbing out of the page. \u00AF\\_(\u30C4)_/\u00AF\n if (e.target.nodeName && e.target.nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'html') {\n return;\n }\n\n hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n removeInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n }\n\n // For some kinds of state, we are interested in changes at the global scope\n // only. For example, global pointer input, global key presses and global\n // visibility change should affect the state at every scope:\n document.addEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('mousedown', onPointerDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onPointerDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('touchstart', onPointerDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', onVisibilityChange, true);\n\n addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n\n // For focus and blur, we specifically care about state changes in the local\n // scope. This is because focus / blur events that originate from within a\n // shadow root are not re-dispatched from the host element if it was already\n // the active element in its own scope:\n scope.addEventListener('focus', onFocus, true);\n scope.addEventListener('blur', onBlur, true);\n\n // We detect that a node is a ShadowRoot by ensuring that it is a\n // DocumentFragment and also has a host property. This check covers native\n // implementation and polyfill implementation transparently. If we only cared\n // about the native implementation, we could just check if the scope was\n // an instance of a ShadowRoot.\n if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE && scope.host) {\n // Since a ShadowRoot is a special kind of DocumentFragment, it does not\n // have a root element to add a class to. So, we add this attribute to the\n // host element instead:\n scope.host.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n } else if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_NODE) {\n document.documentElement.classList.add('js-focus-visible');\n document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n }\n }\n\n // It is important to wrap all references to global window and document in\n // these checks to support server-side rendering use cases\n // @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible/issues/199\n if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n // Make the polyfill helper globally available. This can be used as a signal\n // to interested libraries that wish to coordinate with the polyfill for e.g.,\n // applying the polyfill to a shadow root:\n window.applyFocusVisiblePolyfill = applyFocusVisiblePolyfill;\n\n // Notify interested libraries of the polyfill's presence, in case the\n // polyfill was loaded lazily:\n var event;\n\n try {\n event = new CustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready');\n } catch (error) {\n // IE11 does not support using CustomEvent as a constructor directly:\n event = document.createEvent('CustomEvent');\n event.initCustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready', false, false, {});\n }\n\n window.dispatchEvent(event);\n }\n\n if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n // Apply the polyfill to the global document, so that no JavaScript\n // coordination is required to use the polyfill in the top-level document:\n applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(document);\n }\n\n})));\n", "(function(global) {\r\n /**\r\n * Polyfill URLSearchParams\r\n *\r\n * Inspired from : https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params/blob/master/src/url-search-params.js\r\n */\r\n\r\n var checkIfIteratorIsSupported = function() {\r\n try {\r\n return !!Symbol.iterator;\r\n } catch (error) {\r\n return false;\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n\r\n var iteratorSupported = checkIfIteratorIsSupported();\r\n\r\n var createIterator = function(items) {\r\n var iterator = {\r\n next: function() {\r\n var value = items.shift();\r\n return { done: value === void 0, value: value };\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n if (iteratorSupported) {\r\n iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function() {\r\n return iterator;\r\n };\r\n }\r\n\r\n return iterator;\r\n };\r\n\r\n /**\r\n * Search param name and values should be encoded according to https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlencoded-serializing\r\n * encodeURIComponent() produces the same result except encoding spaces as `%20` instead of `+`.\r\n */\r\n var serializeParam = function(value) {\r\n return encodeURIComponent(value).replace(/%20/g, '+');\r\n };\r\n\r\n var deserializeParam = function(value) {\r\n return decodeURIComponent(String(value).replace(/\\+/g, ' '));\r\n };\r\n\r\n var polyfillURLSearchParams = function() {\r\n\r\n var URLSearchParams = function(searchString) {\r\n Object.defineProperty(this, '_entries', { writable: true, value: {} });\r\n var typeofSearchString = typeof searchString;\r\n\r\n if (typeofSearchString === 'undefined') {\r\n // do nothing\r\n } else if (typeofSearchString === 'string') {\r\n if (searchString !== '') {\r\n this._fromString(searchString);\r\n }\r\n } else if (searchString instanceof URLSearchParams) {\r\n var _this = this;\r\n searchString.forEach(function(value, name) {\r\n _this.append(name, value);\r\n });\r\n } else if ((searchString !== null) && (typeofSearchString === 'object')) {\r\n if (Object.prototype.toString.call(searchString) === '[object Array]') {\r\n for (var i = 0; i < searchString.length; i++) {\r\n var entry = searchString[i];\r\n if ((Object.prototype.toString.call(entry) === '[object Array]') || (entry.length !== 2)) {\r\n this.append(entry[0], entry[1]);\r\n } else {\r\n throw new TypeError('Expected [string, any] as entry at index ' + i + ' of URLSearchParams\\'s input');\r\n }\r\n }\r\n } else {\r\n for (var key in searchString) {\r\n if (searchString.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\r\n this.append(key, searchString[key]);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n } else {\r\n throw new TypeError('Unsupported input\\'s type for URLSearchParams');\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n var proto = URLSearchParams.prototype;\r\n\r\n proto.append = function(name, value) {\r\n if (name in this._entries) {\r\n this._entries[name].push(String(value));\r\n } else {\r\n this._entries[name] = [String(value)];\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.delete = function(name) {\r\n delete this._entries[name];\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.get = function(name) {\r\n return (name in this._entries) ? this._entries[name][0] : null;\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.getAll = function(name) {\r\n return (name in this._entries) ? this._entries[name].slice(0) : [];\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.has = function(name) {\r\n return (name in this._entries);\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.set = function(name, value) {\r\n this._entries[name] = [String(value)];\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.forEach = function(callback, thisArg) {\r\n var entries;\r\n for (var name in this._entries) {\r\n if (this._entries.hasOwnProperty(name)) {\r\n entries = this._entries[name];\r\n for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {\r\n callback.call(thisArg, entries[i], name, this);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.keys = function() {\r\n var items = [];\r\n this.forEach(function(value, name) {\r\n items.push(name);\r\n });\r\n return createIterator(items);\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.values = function() {\r\n var items = [];\r\n this.forEach(function(value) {\r\n items.push(value);\r\n });\r\n return createIterator(items);\r\n };\r\n\r\n proto.entries = function() {\r\n var items = [];\r\n this.forEach(function(value, name) {\r\n items.push([name, value]);\r\n });\r\n return createIterator(items);\r\n };\r\n\r\n if (iteratorSupported) {\r\n proto[Symbol.iterator] = proto.entries;\r\n }\r\n\r\n proto.toString = function() {\r\n var searchArray = [];\r\n this.forEach(function(value, name) {\r\n searchArray.push(serializeParam(name) + '=' + serializeParam(value));\r\n });\r\n return searchArray.join('&');\r\n };\r\n\r\n\r\n global.URLSearchParams = URLSearchParams;\r\n };\r\n\r\n var checkIfURLSearchParamsSupported = function() {\r\n try {\r\n var URLSearchParams = global.URLSearchParams;\r\n\r\n return (\r\n (new URLSearchParams('?a=1').toString() === 'a=1') &&\r\n (typeof URLSearchParams.prototype.set === 'function') &&\r\n (typeof URLSearchParams.prototype.entries === 'function')\r\n );\r\n } catch (e) {\r\n return false;\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n if (!checkIfURLSearchParamsSupported()) {\r\n polyfillURLSearchParams();\r\n }\r\n\r\n var proto = global.URLSearchParams.prototype;\r\n\r\n if (typeof proto.sort !== 'function') {\r\n proto.sort = function() {\r\n var _this = this;\r\n var items = [];\r\n this.forEach(function(value, name) {\r\n items.push([name, value]);\r\n if (!_this._entries) {\r\n _this.delete(name);\r\n }\r\n });\r\n items.sort(function(a, b) {\r\n if (a[0] < b[0]) {\r\n return -1;\r\n } else if (a[0] > b[0]) {\r\n return +1;\r\n } else {\r\n return 0;\r\n }\r\n });\r\n if (_this._entries) { // force reset because IE keeps keys index\r\n _this._entries = {};\r\n }\r\n for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {\r\n this.append(items[i][0], items[i][1]);\r\n }\r\n };\r\n }\r\n\r\n if (typeof proto._fromString !== 'function') {\r\n Object.defineProperty(proto, '_fromString', {\r\n enumerable: false,\r\n configurable: false,\r\n writable: false,\r\n value: function(searchString) {\r\n if (this._entries) {\r\n this._entries = {};\r\n } else {\r\n var keys = [];\r\n this.forEach(function(value, name) {\r\n keys.push(name);\r\n });\r\n for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {\r\n this.delete(keys[i]);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n searchString = searchString.replace(/^\\?/, '');\r\n var attributes = searchString.split('&');\r\n var attribute;\r\n for (var i = 0; i < attributes.length; i++) {\r\n attribute = attributes[i].split('=');\r\n this.append(\r\n deserializeParam(attribute[0]),\r\n (attribute.length > 1) ? deserializeParam(attribute[1]) : ''\r\n );\r\n }\r\n }\r\n });\r\n }\r\n\r\n // HTMLAnchorElement\r\n\r\n})(\r\n (typeof global !== 'undefined') ? global\r\n : ((typeof window !== 'undefined') ? window\r\n : ((typeof self !== 'undefined') ? self : this))\r\n);\r\n\r\n(function(global) {\r\n /**\r\n * Polyfill URL\r\n *\r\n * Inspired from : https://github.com/arv/DOM-URL-Polyfill/blob/master/src/url.js\r\n */\r\n\r\n var checkIfURLIsSupported = function() {\r\n try {\r\n var u = new global.URL('b', 'http://a');\r\n u.pathname = 'c d';\r\n return (u.href === 'http://a/c%20d') && u.searchParams;\r\n } catch (e) {\r\n return false;\r\n }\r\n };\r\n\r\n\r\n var polyfillURL = function() {\r\n var _URL = global.URL;\r\n\r\n var URL = function(url, base) {\r\n if (typeof url !== 'string') url = String(url);\r\n if (base && typeof base !== 'string') base = String(base);\r\n\r\n // Only create another document if the base is different from current location.\r\n var doc = document, baseElement;\r\n if (base && (global.location === void 0 || base !== global.location.href)) {\r\n base = base.toLowerCase();\r\n doc = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument('');\r\n baseElement = doc.createElement('base');\r\n baseElement.href = base;\r\n doc.head.appendChild(baseElement);\r\n try {\r\n if (baseElement.href.indexOf(base) !== 0) throw new Error(baseElement.href);\r\n } catch (err) {\r\n throw new Error('URL unable to set base ' + base + ' due to ' + err);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n var anchorElement = doc.createElement('a');\r\n anchorElement.href = url;\r\n if (baseElement) {\r\n doc.body.appendChild(anchorElement);\r\n anchorElement.href = anchorElement.href; // force href to refresh\r\n }\r\n\r\n var inputElement = doc.createElement('input');\r\n inputElement.type = 'url';\r\n inputElement.value = url;\r\n\r\n if (anchorElement.protocol === ':' || !/:/.test(anchorElement.href) || (!inputElement.checkValidity() && !base)) {\r\n throw new TypeError('Invalid URL');\r\n }\r\n\r\n Object.defineProperty(this, '_anchorElement', {\r\n value: anchorElement\r\n });\r\n\r\n\r\n // create a linked searchParams which reflect its changes on URL\r\n var searchParams = new global.URLSearchParams(this.search);\r\n var enableSearchUpdate = true;\r\n var enableSearchParamsUpdate = true;\r\n var _this = this;\r\n ['append', 'delete', 'set'].forEach(function(methodName) {\r\n var method = searchParams[methodName];\r\n searchParams[methodName] = function() {\r\n method.apply(searchParams, arguments);\r\n if (enableSearchUpdate) {\r\n enableSearchParamsUpdate = false;\r\n _this.search = searchParams.toString();\r\n enableSearchParamsUpdate = true;\r\n }\r\n };\r\n });\r\n\r\n Object.defineProperty(this, 'searchParams', {\r\n value: searchParams,\r\n enumerable: true\r\n });\r\n\r\n var search = void 0;\r\n Object.defineProperty(this, '_updateSearchParams', {\r\n enumerable: false,\r\n configurable: false,\r\n writable: false,\r\n value: function() {\r\n if (this.search !== search) {\r\n search = this.search;\r\n if (enableSearchParamsUpdate) {\r\n enableSearchUpdate = false;\r\n this.searchParams._fromString(this.search);\r\n enableSearchUpdate = true;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n }\r\n });\r\n };\r\n\r\n var proto = URL.prototype;\r\n\r\n var linkURLWithAnchorAttribute = function(attributeName) {\r\n Object.defineProperty(proto, attributeName, {\r\n get: function() {\r\n return this._anchorElement[attributeName];\r\n },\r\n set: function(value) {\r\n this._anchorElement[attributeName] = value;\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n });\r\n };\r\n\r\n ['hash', 'host', 'hostname', 'port', 'protocol']\r\n .forEach(function(attributeName) {\r\n linkURLWithAnchorAttribute(attributeName);\r\n });\r\n\r\n Object.defineProperty(proto, 'search', {\r\n get: function() {\r\n return this._anchorElement['search'];\r\n },\r\n set: function(value) {\r\n this._anchorElement['search'] = value;\r\n this._updateSearchParams();\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n });\r\n\r\n Object.defineProperties(proto, {\r\n\r\n 'toString': {\r\n get: function() {\r\n var _this = this;\r\n return function() {\r\n return _this.href;\r\n };\r\n }\r\n },\r\n\r\n 'href': {\r\n get: function() {\r\n return this._anchorElement.href.replace(/\\?$/, '');\r\n },\r\n set: function(value) {\r\n this._anchorElement.href = value;\r\n this._updateSearchParams();\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n },\r\n\r\n 'pathname': {\r\n get: function() {\r\n return this._anchorElement.pathname.replace(/(^\\/?)/, '/');\r\n },\r\n set: function(value) {\r\n this._anchorElement.pathname = value;\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n },\r\n\r\n 'origin': {\r\n get: function() {\r\n // get expected port from protocol\r\n var expectedPort = { 'http:': 80, 'https:': 443, 'ftp:': 21 }[this._anchorElement.protocol];\r\n // add port to origin if, expected port is different than actual port\r\n // and it is not empty f.e http://foo:8080\r\n // 8080 != 80 && 8080 != ''\r\n var addPortToOrigin = this._anchorElement.port != expectedPort &&\r\n this._anchorElement.port !== '';\r\n\r\n return this._anchorElement.protocol +\r\n '//' +\r\n this._anchorElement.hostname +\r\n (addPortToOrigin ? (':' + this._anchorElement.port) : '');\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n },\r\n\r\n 'password': { // TODO\r\n get: function() {\r\n return '';\r\n },\r\n set: function(value) {\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n },\r\n\r\n 'username': { // TODO\r\n get: function() {\r\n return '';\r\n },\r\n set: function(value) {\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true\r\n },\r\n });\r\n\r\n URL.createObjectURL = function(blob) {\r\n return _URL.createObjectURL.apply(_URL, arguments);\r\n };\r\n\r\n URL.revokeObjectURL = function(url) {\r\n return _URL.revokeObjectURL.apply(_URL, arguments);\r\n };\r\n\r\n global.URL = URL;\r\n\r\n };\r\n\r\n if (!checkIfURLIsSupported()) {\r\n polyfillURL();\r\n }\r\n\r\n if ((global.location !== void 0) && !('origin' in global.location)) {\r\n var getOrigin = function() {\r\n return global.location.protocol + '//' + global.location.hostname + (global.location.port ? 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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\r\nINDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\r\nLOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\r\nOTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\r\nPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\r\n***************************************************************************** */\r\n/* global global, define, System, Reflect, Promise */\r\nvar __extends;\r\nvar __assign;\r\nvar __rest;\r\nvar __decorate;\r\nvar __param;\r\nvar __metadata;\r\nvar __awaiter;\r\nvar __generator;\r\nvar __exportStar;\r\nvar __values;\r\nvar __read;\r\nvar __spread;\r\nvar __spreadArrays;\r\nvar __spreadArray;\r\nvar __await;\r\nvar __asyncGenerator;\r\nvar __asyncDelegator;\r\nvar __asyncValues;\r\nvar __makeTemplateObject;\r\nvar __importStar;\r\nvar __importDefault;\r\nvar __classPrivateFieldGet;\r\nvar __classPrivateFieldSet;\r\nvar __createBinding;\r\n(function (factory) {\r\n var root = typeof global === \"object\" ? global : typeof self === \"object\" ? self : typeof this === \"object\" ? this : {};\r\n if (typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\r\n define(\"tslib\", [\"exports\"], function (exports) { factory(createExporter(root, createExporter(exports))); });\r\n }\r\n else if (typeof module === \"object\" && typeof module.exports === \"object\") {\r\n factory(createExporter(root, createExporter(module.exports)));\r\n }\r\n else {\r\n factory(createExporter(root));\r\n }\r\n function createExporter(exports, previous) {\r\n if (exports !== root) {\r\n if (typeof Object.create === \"function\") {\r\n Object.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", { value: true });\r\n }\r\n else {\r\n exports.__esModule = true;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n return function (id, v) { return exports[id] = previous ? previous(id, v) : v; };\r\n }\r\n})\r\n(function (exporter) {\r\n var extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||\r\n ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||\r\n function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(b, p)) d[p] = b[p]; };\r\n\r\n __extends = function (d, b) {\r\n if (typeof b !== \"function\" && b !== null)\r\n throw new TypeError(\"Class extends value \" + String(b) + \" is not a constructor or null\");\r\n extendStatics(d, b);\r\n function __() { this.constructor = d; }\r\n d.prototype = b === null ? 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'copy' : _options$action,\n container = options.container,\n target = options.target,\n text = options.text; // Sets the `action` to be performed which can be either 'copy' or 'cut'.\n\n if (action !== 'copy' && action !== 'cut') {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"action\" value, use either \"copy\" or \"cut\"');\n } // Sets the `target` property using an element that will be have its content copied.\n\n\n if (target !== undefined) {\n if (target && _typeof(target) === 'object' && target.nodeType === 1) {\n if (action === 'copy' && target.hasAttribute('disabled')) {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"target\" attribute. Please use \"readonly\" instead of \"disabled\" attribute');\n }\n\n if (action === 'cut' && (target.hasAttribute('readonly') || target.hasAttribute('disabled'))) {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"target\" attribute. You can\\'t cut text from elements with \"readonly\" or \"disabled\" attributes');\n }\n } else {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"target\" value, use a valid Element');\n }\n } // Define selection strategy based on `text` property.\n\n\n if (text) {\n return actions_copy(text, {\n container: container\n });\n } // Defines which selection strategy based on `target` property.\n\n\n if (target) {\n return action === 'cut' ? actions_cut(target) : actions_copy(target, {\n container: container\n });\n }\n};\n\n/* harmony default export */ var actions_default = (ClipboardActionDefault);\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/clipboard.js\nfunction clipboard_typeof(obj) { \"@babel/helpers - typeof\"; if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") { clipboard_typeof = function _typeof(obj) { return typeof obj; }; } else { clipboard_typeof = function _typeof(obj) { return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj; }; } return clipboard_typeof(obj); }\n\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\"); } }\n\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } }\n\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }\n\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) { if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) { throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\"); } subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, { constructor: { value: subClass, writable: true, configurable: true } }); if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass); }\n\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) { _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) { o.__proto__ = p; return o; }; return _setPrototypeOf(o, p); }\n\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) { var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct(); return function _createSuperInternal() { var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived), result; if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) { var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor; result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget); } else { result = Super.apply(this, arguments); } return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result); }; }\n\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) { if (call && (clipboard_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) { return call; } return _assertThisInitialized(self); }\n\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) { if (self === void 0) { throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\"); } return self; }\n\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() { if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false; if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false; if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true; try { Date.prototype.toString.call(Reflect.construct(Date, [], function () {})); return true; } catch (e) { return false; } }\n\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) { _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) { return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o); }; return _getPrototypeOf(o); }\n\n\n\n\n\n\n/**\n * Helper function to retrieve attribute value.\n * @param {String} suffix\n * @param {Element} element\n */\n\nfunction getAttributeValue(suffix, element) {\n var attribute = \"data-clipboard-\".concat(suffix);\n\n if (!element.hasAttribute(attribute)) {\n return;\n }\n\n return element.getAttribute(attribute);\n}\n/**\n * Base class which takes one or more elements, adds event listeners to them,\n * and instantiates a new `ClipboardAction` on each click.\n */\n\n\nvar Clipboard = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Emitter) {\n _inherits(Clipboard, _Emitter);\n\n var _super = _createSuper(Clipboard);\n\n /**\n * @param {String|HTMLElement|HTMLCollection|NodeList} trigger\n * @param {Object} options\n */\n function Clipboard(trigger, options) {\n var _this;\n\n _classCallCheck(this, Clipboard);\n\n _this = _super.call(this);\n\n _this.resolveOptions(options);\n\n _this.listenClick(trigger);\n\n return _this;\n }\n /**\n * Defines if attributes would be resolved using internal setter functions\n * or custom functions that were passed in the constructor.\n * @param {Object} options\n */\n\n\n _createClass(Clipboard, [{\n key: \"resolveOptions\",\n value: function resolveOptions() {\n var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n this.action = typeof options.action === 'function' ? options.action : this.defaultAction;\n this.target = typeof options.target === 'function' ? options.target : this.defaultTarget;\n this.text = typeof options.text === 'function' ? options.text : this.defaultText;\n this.container = clipboard_typeof(options.container) === 'object' ? options.container : document.body;\n }\n /**\n * Adds a click event listener to the passed trigger.\n * @param {String|HTMLElement|HTMLCollection|NodeList} trigger\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"listenClick\",\n value: function listenClick(trigger) {\n var _this2 = this;\n\n this.listener = listen_default()(trigger, 'click', function (e) {\n return _this2.onClick(e);\n });\n }\n /**\n * Defines a new `ClipboardAction` on each click event.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"onClick\",\n value: function onClick(e) {\n var trigger = e.delegateTarget || e.currentTarget;\n var action = this.action(trigger) || 'copy';\n var text = actions_default({\n action: action,\n container: this.container,\n target: this.target(trigger),\n text: this.text(trigger)\n }); // Fires an event based on the copy operation result.\n\n this.emit(text ? 'success' : 'error', {\n action: action,\n text: text,\n trigger: trigger,\n clearSelection: function clearSelection() {\n if (trigger) {\n trigger.focus();\n }\n\n window.getSelection().removeAllRanges();\n }\n });\n }\n /**\n * Default `action` lookup function.\n * @param {Element} trigger\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"defaultAction\",\n value: function defaultAction(trigger) {\n return getAttributeValue('action', trigger);\n }\n /**\n * Default `target` lookup function.\n * @param {Element} trigger\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"defaultTarget\",\n value: function defaultTarget(trigger) {\n var selector = getAttributeValue('target', trigger);\n\n if (selector) {\n return document.querySelector(selector);\n }\n }\n /**\n * Allow fire programmatically a copy action\n * @param {String|HTMLElement} target\n * @param {Object} options\n * @returns Text copied.\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"defaultText\",\n\n /**\n * Default `text` lookup function.\n * @param {Element} trigger\n */\n value: function defaultText(trigger) {\n return getAttributeValue('text', trigger);\n }\n /**\n * Destroy lifecycle.\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"destroy\",\n value: function destroy() {\n this.listener.destroy();\n }\n }], [{\n key: \"copy\",\n value: function copy(target) {\n var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n container: document.body\n };\n return actions_copy(target, options);\n }\n /**\n * Allow fire programmatically a cut action\n * @param {String|HTMLElement} target\n * @returns Text cutted.\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"cut\",\n value: function cut(target) {\n return actions_cut(target);\n }\n /**\n * Returns the support of the given action, or all actions if no action is\n * given.\n * @param {String} [action]\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"isSupported\",\n value: function isSupported() {\n var action = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : ['copy', 'cut'];\n var actions = typeof action === 'string' ? [action] : action;\n var support = !!document.queryCommandSupported;\n actions.forEach(function (action) {\n support = support && !!document.queryCommandSupported(action);\n });\n return support;\n }\n }]);\n\n return Clipboard;\n}((tiny_emitter_default()));\n\n/* harmony default export */ var clipboard = (Clipboard);\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 828:\n/***/ (function(module) {\n\nvar DOCUMENT_NODE_TYPE = 9;\n\n/**\n * A polyfill for Element.matches()\n */\nif (typeof Element !== 'undefined' && !Element.prototype.matches) {\n var proto = Element.prototype;\n\n proto.matches = proto.matchesSelector ||\n proto.mozMatchesSelector ||\n proto.msMatchesSelector ||\n proto.oMatchesSelector ||\n proto.webkitMatchesSelector;\n}\n\n/**\n * Finds the closest parent that matches a selector.\n *\n * @param {Element} element\n * @param {String} selector\n * @return {Function}\n */\nfunction closest (element, selector) {\n while (element && element.nodeType !== DOCUMENT_NODE_TYPE) {\n if (typeof element.matches === 'function' &&\n element.matches(selector)) {\n return element;\n }\n element = element.parentNode;\n }\n}\n\nmodule.exports = closest;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 438:\n/***/ (function(module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\nvar closest = __webpack_require__(828);\n\n/**\n * Delegates event to a selector.\n *\n * @param {Element} element\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @param {Boolean} useCapture\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction _delegate(element, selector, type, callback, useCapture) {\n var listenerFn = listener.apply(this, arguments);\n\n element.addEventListener(type, listenerFn, useCapture);\n\n return {\n destroy: function() {\n element.removeEventListener(type, listenerFn, useCapture);\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Delegates event to a selector.\n *\n * @param {Element|String|Array} [elements]\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @param {Boolean} useCapture\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction delegate(elements, selector, type, callback, useCapture) {\n // Handle the regular Element usage\n if (typeof elements.addEventListener === 'function') {\n return _delegate.apply(null, arguments);\n }\n\n // Handle Element-less usage, it defaults to global delegation\n if (typeof type === 'function') {\n // Use `document` as the first parameter, then apply arguments\n // This is a short way to .unshift `arguments` without running into deoptimizations\n return _delegate.bind(null, document).apply(null, arguments);\n }\n\n // Handle Selector-based usage\n if (typeof elements === 'string') {\n elements = document.querySelectorAll(elements);\n }\n\n // Handle Array-like based usage\n return Array.prototype.map.call(elements, function (element) {\n return _delegate(element, selector, type, callback, useCapture);\n });\n}\n\n/**\n * Finds closest match and invokes callback.\n *\n * @param {Element} element\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Function}\n */\nfunction listener(element, selector, type, callback) {\n return function(e) {\n e.delegateTarget = closest(e.target, selector);\n\n if (e.delegateTarget) {\n callback.call(element, e);\n }\n }\n}\n\nmodule.exports = delegate;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 879:\n/***/ (function(__unused_webpack_module, exports) {\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a HTML element.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.node = function(value) {\n return value !== undefined\n && value instanceof HTMLElement\n && value.nodeType === 1;\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a list of HTML elements.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.nodeList = function(value) {\n var type = Object.prototype.toString.call(value);\n\n return value !== undefined\n && (type === '[object NodeList]' || type === '[object HTMLCollection]')\n && ('length' in value)\n && (value.length === 0 || exports.node(value[0]));\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a string.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.string = function(value) {\n return typeof value === 'string'\n || value instanceof String;\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a function.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.fn = function(value) {\n var type = Object.prototype.toString.call(value);\n\n return type === '[object Function]';\n};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 370:\n/***/ (function(module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\nvar is = __webpack_require__(879);\nvar delegate = __webpack_require__(438);\n\n/**\n * Validates all params and calls the right\n * listener function based on its target type.\n *\n * @param {String|HTMLElement|HTMLCollection|NodeList} target\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listen(target, type, callback) {\n if (!target && !type && !callback) {\n throw new Error('Missing required arguments');\n }\n\n if (!is.string(type)) {\n throw new TypeError('Second argument must be a String');\n }\n\n if (!is.fn(callback)) {\n throw new TypeError('Third argument must be a Function');\n }\n\n if (is.node(target)) {\n return listenNode(target, type, callback);\n }\n else if (is.nodeList(target)) {\n return listenNodeList(target, type, callback);\n }\n else if (is.string(target)) {\n return listenSelector(target, type, callback);\n }\n else {\n throw new TypeError('First argument must be a String, HTMLElement, HTMLCollection, or NodeList');\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds an event listener to a HTML element\n * and returns a remove listener function.\n *\n * @param {HTMLElement} node\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listenNode(node, type, callback) {\n node.addEventListener(type, callback);\n\n return {\n destroy: function() {\n node.removeEventListener(type, callback);\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Add an event listener to a list of HTML elements\n * and returns a remove listener function.\n *\n * @param {NodeList|HTMLCollection} nodeList\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listenNodeList(nodeList, type, callback) {\n Array.prototype.forEach.call(nodeList, function(node) {\n node.addEventListener(type, callback);\n });\n\n return {\n destroy: function() {\n Array.prototype.forEach.call(nodeList, function(node) {\n node.removeEventListener(type, callback);\n });\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Add an event listener to a selector\n * and returns a remove listener function.\n *\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listenSelector(selector, type, callback) {\n return delegate(document.body, selector, type, callback);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listen;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 817:\n/***/ (function(module) {\n\nfunction select(element) {\n var selectedText;\n\n if (element.nodeName === 'SELECT') {\n element.focus();\n\n selectedText = element.value;\n }\n else if (element.nodeName === 'INPUT' || element.nodeName === 'TEXTAREA') {\n var isReadOnly = element.hasAttribute('readonly');\n\n if (!isReadOnly) {\n element.setAttribute('readonly', '');\n }\n\n element.select();\n element.setSelectionRange(0, element.value.length);\n\n if (!isReadOnly) {\n element.removeAttribute('readonly');\n }\n\n selectedText = element.value;\n }\n else {\n if (element.hasAttribute('contenteditable')) {\n element.focus();\n }\n\n var selection = window.getSelection();\n var range = document.createRange();\n\n range.selectNodeContents(element);\n selection.removeAllRanges();\n selection.addRange(range);\n\n selectedText = selection.toString();\n }\n\n return selectedText;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = select;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 279:\n/***/ (function(module) {\n\nfunction E () {\n // Keep this empty so it's easier to inherit from\n // (via https://github.com/lipsmack from https://github.com/scottcorgan/tiny-emitter/issues/3)\n}\n\nE.prototype = {\n on: function (name, callback, ctx) {\n var e = this.e || (this.e = {});\n\n (e[name] || (e[name] = [])).push({\n fn: callback,\n ctx: ctx\n });\n\n return this;\n },\n\n once: function (name, callback, ctx) {\n var self = this;\n function listener () {\n self.off(name, listener);\n callback.apply(ctx, arguments);\n };\n\n listener._ = callback\n return this.on(name, listener, ctx);\n },\n\n emit: function (name) {\n var data = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);\n var evtArr = ((this.e || (this.e = {}))[name] || []).slice();\n var i = 0;\n var len = evtArr.length;\n\n for (i; i < len; i++) {\n evtArr[i].fn.apply(evtArr[i].ctx, data);\n }\n\n return this;\n },\n\n off: function (name, callback) {\n var e = this.e || (this.e = {});\n var evts = e[name];\n var liveEvents = [];\n\n if (evts && callback) {\n for (var i = 0, len = evts.length; i < len; i++) {\n if (evts[i].fn !== callback && evts[i].fn._ !== callback)\n liveEvents.push(evts[i]);\n }\n }\n\n // Remove event from queue to prevent memory leak\n // Suggested by https://github.com/lazd\n // Ref: https://github.com/scottcorgan/tiny-emitter/commit/c6ebfaa9bc973b33d110a84a307742b7cf94c953#commitcomment-5024910\n\n (liveEvents.length)\n ? e[name] = liveEvents\n : delete e[name];\n\n return this;\n }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = E;\nmodule.exports.TinyEmitter = E;\n\n\n/***/ })\n\n/******/ \t});\n/************************************************************************/\n/******/ \t// The module cache\n/******/ \tvar __webpack_module_cache__ = {};\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t// The require function\n/******/ \tfunction __webpack_require__(moduleId) {\n/******/ \t\t// Check if module is in cache\n/******/ \t\tif(__webpack_module_cache__[moduleId]) {\n/******/ \t\t\treturn __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId].exports;\n/******/ \t\t}\n/******/ \t\t// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)\n/******/ \t\tvar module = __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId] = {\n/******/ \t\t\t// no module.id needed\n/******/ \t\t\t// no module.loaded needed\n/******/ \t\t\texports: {}\n/******/ \t\t};\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t\t// Execute the module function\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_modules__[moduleId](module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t\t// Return the exports of the module\n/******/ \t\treturn module.exports;\n/******/ \t}\n/******/ \t\n/************************************************************************/\n/******/ \t/* webpack/runtime/compat get default export */\n/******/ \t!function() {\n/******/ \t\t// getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_require__.n = function(module) {\n/******/ \t\t\tvar getter = module && module.__esModule ?\n/******/ \t\t\t\tfunction() { return module['default']; } :\n/******/ \t\t\t\tfunction() { return module; };\n/******/ \t\t\t__webpack_require__.d(getter, { a: getter });\n/******/ \t\t\treturn getter;\n/******/ \t\t};\n/******/ \t}();\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t/* webpack/runtime/define property getters */\n/******/ \t!function() {\n/******/ \t\t// define getter functions for harmony exports\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_require__.d = function(exports, definition) {\n/******/ \t\t\tfor(var key in definition) {\n/******/ \t\t\t\tif(__webpack_require__.o(definition, key) && !__webpack_require__.o(exports, key)) {\n/******/ \t\t\t\t\tObject.defineProperty(exports, key, { enumerable: true, get: definition[key] });\n/******/ \t\t\t\t}\n/******/ \t\t\t}\n/******/ \t\t};\n/******/ \t}();\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t/* webpack/runtime/hasOwnProperty shorthand */\n/******/ \t!function() {\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_require__.o = function(obj, prop) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop); }\n/******/ \t}();\n/******/ \t\n/************************************************************************/\n/******/ \t// module exports must be returned from runtime so entry inlining is disabled\n/******/ \t// startup\n/******/ \t// Load entry module and return exports\n/******/ \treturn __webpack_require__(686);\n/******/ })()\n.default;\n});", "/*!\n * escape-html\n * Copyright(c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk\n * Copyright(c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe\n * Copyright(c) 2015 Tiancheng \"Timothy\" Gu\n * MIT Licensed\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Module variables.\n * @private\n */\n\nvar matchHtmlRegExp = /[\"'&<>]/;\n\n/**\n * Module exports.\n * @public\n */\n\nmodule.exports = escapeHtml;\n\n/**\n * Escape special characters in the given string of html.\n *\n * @param {string} string The string to escape for inserting into HTML\n * @return {string}\n * @public\n */\n\nfunction escapeHtml(string) {\n var str = '' + string;\n var match = matchHtmlRegExp.exec(str);\n\n if (!match) {\n return str;\n }\n\n var escape;\n var html = '';\n var index = 0;\n var lastIndex = 0;\n\n for (index = match.index; index < str.length; index++) {\n switch (str.charCodeAt(index)) {\n case 34: // \"\n escape = '"';\n break;\n case 38: // &\n escape = '&';\n break;\n case 39: // '\n escape = ''';\n break;\n case 60: // <\n escape = '<';\n break;\n case 62: // >\n escape = '>';\n break;\n default:\n continue;\n }\n\n if (lastIndex !== index) {\n html += str.substring(lastIndex, index);\n }\n\n lastIndex = index + 1;\n html += escape;\n }\n\n return lastIndex !== index\n ? html + str.substring(lastIndex, index)\n : html;\n}\n", "Array.prototype.flat||Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype,\"flat\",{configurable:!0,value:function r(){var t=isNaN(arguments[0])?1:Number(arguments[0]);return t?Array.prototype.reduce.call(this,function(a,e){return Array.isArray(e)?a.push.apply(a,r.call(e,t-1)):a.push(e),a},[]):Array.prototype.slice.call(this)},writable:!0}),Array.prototype.flatMap||Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype,\"flatMap\",{configurable:!0,value:function(r){return Array.prototype.map.apply(this,arguments).flat()},writable:!0})\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport \"array-flat-polyfill\"\nimport \"focus-visible\"\nimport \"unfetch/polyfill\"\nimport \"url-polyfill\"\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n NEVER,\n Subject,\n defer,\n delay,\n filter,\n map,\n merge,\n mergeWith,\n shareReplay,\n switchMap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration, feature } from \"./_\"\nimport {\n at,\n getOptionalElement,\n requestJSON,\n setToggle,\n watchDocument,\n watchKeyboard,\n watchLocation,\n watchLocationTarget,\n watchMedia,\n watchPrint,\n watchViewport\n} from \"./browser\"\nimport {\n getComponentElement,\n getComponentElements,\n mountAnnounce,\n mountBackToTop,\n mountConsent,\n mountContent,\n mountDialog,\n mountHeader,\n mountHeaderTitle,\n mountPalette,\n mountSearch,\n mountSearchHiglight,\n mountSidebar,\n mountSource,\n mountTableOfContents,\n mountTabs,\n watchHeader,\n watchMain\n} from \"./components\"\nimport {\n SearchIndex,\n setupClipboardJS,\n setupInstantLoading,\n setupVersionSelector\n} from \"./integrations\"\nimport {\n patchIndeterminate,\n patchScrollfix,\n patchScrolllock\n} from \"./patches\"\nimport \"./polyfills\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Application\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* Yay, JavaScript is available */\ndocument.documentElement.classList.remove(\"no-js\")\ndocument.documentElement.classList.add(\"js\")\n\n/* Set up navigation observables and subjects */\nconst document$ = watchDocument()\nconst location$ = watchLocation()\nconst target$ = watchLocationTarget()\nconst keyboard$ = watchKeyboard()\n\n/* Set up media observables */\nconst viewport$ = watchViewport()\nconst tablet$ = watchMedia(\"(min-width: 960px)\")\nconst screen$ = watchMedia(\"(min-width: 1220px)\")\nconst print$ = watchPrint()\n\n/* Retrieve search index, if search is enabled */\nconst config = configuration()\nconst index$ = document.forms.namedItem(\"search\")\n ? __search?.index || requestJSON(\n new URL(\"search/search_index.json\", config.base)\n )\n : NEVER\n\n/* Set up Clipboard.js integration */\nconst alert$ = new Subject()\nsetupClipboardJS({ alert$ })\n\n/* Set up instant loading, if enabled */\nif (feature(\"navigation.instant\"))\n setupInstantLoading({ document$, location$, viewport$ })\n\n/* Set up version selector */\nif (config.version?.provider === \"mike\")\n setupVersionSelector({ document$ })\n\n/* Always close drawer and search on navigation */\nmerge(location$, target$)\n .pipe(\n delay(125)\n )\n .subscribe(() => {\n setToggle(\"drawer\", false)\n setToggle(\"search\", false)\n })\n\n/* Set up global keyboard handlers */\nkeyboard$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ mode }) => mode === \"global\")\n )\n .subscribe(key => {\n switch (key.type) {\n\n /* Go to previous page */\n case \"p\":\n case \",\":\n const prev = getOptionalElement(\"[href][rel=prev]\")\n if (typeof prev !== \"undefined\")\n prev.click()\n break\n\n /* Go to next page */\n case \"n\":\n case \".\":\n const next = getOptionalElement(\"[href][rel=next]\")\n if (typeof next !== \"undefined\")\n next.click()\n break\n }\n })\n\n/* Set up patches */\npatchIndeterminate({ document$, tablet$ })\npatchScrollfix({ document$ })\npatchScrolllock({ viewport$, tablet$ })\n\n/* Set up header and main area observable */\nconst header$ = watchHeader(getComponentElement(\"header\"), { viewport$ })\nconst main$ = document$\n .pipe(\n map(() => getComponentElement(\"main\")),\n switchMap(el => watchMain(el, { viewport$, header$ })),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n/* Set up control component observables */\nconst control$ = merge(\n\n /* Consent */\n ...getComponentElements(\"consent\")\n .map(el => mountConsent(el, { target$ })),\n\n /* Dialog */\n ...getComponentElements(\"dialog\")\n .map(el => mountDialog(el, { alert$ })),\n\n /* Header */\n ...getComponentElements(\"header\")\n .map(el => mountHeader(el, { viewport$, header$, main$ })),\n\n /* Color palette */\n ...getComponentElements(\"palette\")\n .map(el => mountPalette(el)),\n\n /* Search */\n ...getComponentElements(\"search\")\n .map(el => mountSearch(el, { index$, keyboard$ })),\n\n /* Repository information */\n ...getComponentElements(\"source\")\n .map(el => mountSource(el))\n)\n\n/* Set up content component observables */\nconst content$ = defer(() => merge(\n\n /* Announcement bar */\n ...getComponentElements(\"announce\")\n .map(el => mountAnnounce(el)),\n\n /* Content */\n ...getComponentElements(\"content\")\n .map(el => mountContent(el, { viewport$, target$, print$ })),\n\n /* Search highlighting */\n ...getComponentElements(\"content\")\n .map(el => feature(\"search.highlight\")\n ? mountSearchHiglight(el, { index$, location$ })\n : EMPTY\n ),\n\n /* Header title */\n ...getComponentElements(\"header-title\")\n .map(el => mountHeaderTitle(el, { viewport$, header$ })),\n\n /* Sidebar */\n ...getComponentElements(\"sidebar\")\n .map(el => el.getAttribute(\"data-md-type\") === \"navigation\"\n ? at(screen$, () => mountSidebar(el, { viewport$, header$, main$ }))\n : at(tablet$, () => mountSidebar(el, { viewport$, header$, main$ }))\n ),\n\n /* Navigation tabs */\n ...getComponentElements(\"tabs\")\n .map(el => mountTabs(el, { viewport$, header$ })),\n\n /* Table of contents */\n ...getComponentElements(\"toc\")\n .map(el => mountTableOfContents(el, { viewport$, header$, target$ })),\n\n /* Back-to-top button */\n ...getComponentElements(\"top\")\n .map(el => mountBackToTop(el, { viewport$, header$, main$, target$ }))\n))\n\n/* Set up component observables */\nconst component$ = document$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => content$),\n mergeWith(control$),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n/* Subscribe to all components */\ncomponent$.subscribe()\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Exports\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\nwindow.document$ = document$ /* Document observable */\nwindow.location$ = location$ /* Location subject */\nwindow.target$ = target$ /* Location target observable */\nwindow.keyboard$ = keyboard$ /* Keyboard observable */\nwindow.viewport$ = viewport$ /* Viewport observable */\nwindow.tablet$ = tablet$ /* Media tablet observable */\nwindow.screen$ = screen$ /* Media screen observable */\nwindow.print$ = print$ /* Media print observable */\nwindow.alert$ = alert$ /* Alert subject */\nwindow.component$ = component$ /* Component observable */\n", "self.fetch||(self.fetch=function(e,n){return n=n||{},new Promise(function(t,s){var r=new XMLHttpRequest,o=[],u=[],i={},a=function(){return{ok:2==(r.status/100|0),statusText:r.statusText,status:r.status,url:r.responseURL,text:function(){return Promise.resolve(r.responseText)},json:function(){return Promise.resolve(r.responseText).then(JSON.parse)},blob:function(){return Promise.resolve(new Blob([r.response]))},clone:a,headers:{keys:function(){return o},entries:function(){return u},get:function(e){return i[e.toLowerCase()]},has:function(e){return e.toLowerCase()in i}}}};for(var c in r.open(n.method||\"get\",e,!0),r.onload=function(){r.getAllResponseHeaders().replace(/^(.*?):[^\\S\\n]*([\\s\\S]*?)$/gm,function(e,n,t){o.push(n=n.toLowerCase()),u.push([n,t]),i[n]=i[n]?i[n]+\",\"+t:t}),t(a())},r.onerror=s,r.withCredentials=\"include\"==n.credentials,n.headers)r.setRequestHeader(c,n.headers[c]);r.send(n.body||null)})});\n", "import tslib from '../tslib.js';\r\nconst {\r\n __extends,\r\n __assign,\r\n __rest,\r\n __decorate,\r\n __param,\r\n __metadata,\r\n __awaiter,\r\n __generator,\r\n __exportStar,\r\n __createBinding,\r\n __values,\r\n __read,\r\n __spread,\r\n __spreadArrays,\r\n __spreadArray,\r\n __await,\r\n __asyncGenerator,\r\n __asyncDelegator,\r\n __asyncValues,\r\n __makeTemplateObject,\r\n __importStar,\r\n __importDefault,\r\n __classPrivateFieldGet,\r\n __classPrivateFieldSet,\r\n} = tslib;\r\nexport {\r\n __extends,\r\n __assign,\r\n __rest,\r\n __decorate,\r\n __param,\r\n __metadata,\r\n __awaiter,\r\n __generator,\r\n __exportStar,\r\n __createBinding,\r\n __values,\r\n __read,\r\n __spread,\r\n __spreadArrays,\r\n __spreadArray,\r\n __await,\r\n __asyncGenerator,\r\n __asyncDelegator,\r\n __asyncValues,\r\n __makeTemplateObject,\r\n __importStar,\r\n __importDefault,\r\n __classPrivateFieldGet,\r\n __classPrivateFieldSet,\r\n};\r\n", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n ReplaySubject,\n Subject,\n fromEvent\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch document\n *\n * Documents are implemented as subjects, so all downstream observables are\n * automatically updated when a new document is emitted.\n *\n * @returns Document subject\n */\nexport function watchDocument(): Subject {\n const document$ = new ReplaySubject(1)\n fromEvent(document, \"DOMContentLoaded\", { once: true })\n .subscribe(() => document$.next(document))\n\n /* Return document */\n return document$\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve all elements matching the query selector\n *\n * @template T - Element type\n *\n * @param selector - Query selector\n * @param node - Node of reference\n *\n * @returns Elements\n */\nexport function getElements(\n selector: T, node?: ParentNode\n): HTMLElementTagNameMap[T][]\n\nexport function getElements(\n selector: string, node?: ParentNode\n): T[]\n\nexport function getElements(\n selector: string, node: ParentNode = document\n): T[] {\n return Array.from(node.querySelectorAll(selector))\n}\n\n/**\n * Retrieve an element matching a query selector or throw a reference error\n *\n * Note that this function assumes that the element is present. If unsure if an\n * element is existent, use the `getOptionalElement` function instead.\n *\n * @template T - Element type\n *\n * @param selector - Query selector\n * @param node - Node of reference\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function getElement(\n selector: T, node?: ParentNode\n): HTMLElementTagNameMap[T]\n\nexport function getElement(\n selector: string, node?: ParentNode\n): T\n\nexport function getElement(\n selector: string, node: ParentNode = document\n): T {\n const el = getOptionalElement(selector, node)\n if (typeof el === \"undefined\")\n throw new ReferenceError(\n `Missing element: expected \"${selector}\" to be present`\n )\n\n /* Return element */\n return el\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve an optional element matching the query selector\n *\n * @template T - Element type\n *\n * @param selector - Query selector\n * @param node - Node of reference\n *\n * @returns Element or nothing\n */\nexport function getOptionalElement(\n selector: T, node?: ParentNode\n): HTMLElementTagNameMap[T] | undefined\n\nexport function getOptionalElement(\n selector: string, node?: ParentNode\n): T | undefined\n\nexport function getOptionalElement(\n selector: string, node: ParentNode = document\n): T | undefined {\n return node.querySelector(selector) || undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * Retrieve the currently active element\n *\n * @returns Element or nothing\n */\nexport function getActiveElement(): HTMLElement | undefined {\n return document.activeElement instanceof HTMLElement\n ? document.activeElement || undefined\n : undefined\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n debounceTime,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getActiveElement } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch element focus\n *\n * Previously, this function used `focus` and `blur` events to determine whether\n * an element is focused, but this doesn't work if there are focusable elements\n * within the elements itself. A better solutions are `focusin` and `focusout`\n * events, which bubble up the tree and allow for more fine-grained control.\n *\n * `debounceTime` is necessary, because when a focus change happens inside an\n * element, the observable would first emit `false` and then `true` again.\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element focus observable\n */\nexport function watchElementFocus(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n return merge(\n fromEvent(document.body, \"focusin\"),\n fromEvent(document.body, \"focusout\")\n )\n .pipe(\n debounceTime(1),\n map(() => {\n const active = getActiveElement()\n return typeof active !== \"undefined\"\n ? el.contains(active)\n : false\n }),\n startWith(el === getActiveElement()),\n distinctUntilChanged()\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n animationFrameScheduler,\n auditTime,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Element offset\n */\nexport interface ElementOffset {\n x: number /* Horizontal offset */\n y: number /* Vertical offset */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve element offset\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element offset\n */\nexport function getElementOffset(\n el: HTMLElement\n): ElementOffset {\n return {\n x: el.offsetLeft,\n y: el.offsetTop\n }\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch element offset\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element offset observable\n */\nexport function watchElementOffset(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n return merge(\n fromEvent(window, \"load\"),\n fromEvent(window, \"resize\")\n )\n .pipe(\n auditTime(0, animationFrameScheduler),\n map(() => getElementOffset(el)),\n startWith(getElementOffset(el))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n animationFrameScheduler,\n auditTime,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { ElementOffset } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve element content offset (= scroll offset)\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element content offset\n */\nexport function getElementContentOffset(\n el: HTMLElement\n): ElementOffset {\n return {\n x: el.scrollLeft,\n y: el.scrollTop\n }\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch element content offset\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element content offset observable\n */\nexport function watchElementContentOffset(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n return merge(\n fromEvent(el, \"scroll\"),\n fromEvent(window, \"resize\")\n )\n .pipe(\n auditTime(0, animationFrameScheduler),\n map(() => getElementContentOffset(el)),\n startWith(getElementContentOffset(el))\n )\n}\n", "/**\r\n * A collection of shims that provide minimal functionality of the ES6 collections.\r\n *\r\n * These implementations are not meant to be used outside of the ResizeObserver\r\n * modules as they cover only a limited range of use cases.\r\n */\r\n/* eslint-disable require-jsdoc, valid-jsdoc */\r\nvar MapShim = (function () {\r\n if (typeof Map !== 'undefined') {\r\n return Map;\r\n }\r\n /**\r\n * Returns index in provided array that matches the specified key.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Array} arr\r\n * @param {*} key\r\n * @returns {number}\r\n */\r\n function getIndex(arr, key) {\r\n var result = -1;\r\n arr.some(function (entry, index) {\r\n if (entry[0] === key) {\r\n result = index;\r\n return true;\r\n }\r\n return false;\r\n });\r\n return result;\r\n }\r\n return /** @class */ (function () {\r\n function class_1() {\r\n this.__entries__ = [];\r\n }\r\n Object.defineProperty(class_1.prototype, \"size\", {\r\n /**\r\n * @returns {boolean}\r\n */\r\n get: function () {\r\n return this.__entries__.length;\r\n },\r\n enumerable: true,\r\n configurable: true\r\n });\r\n /**\r\n * @param {*} key\r\n * @returns {*}\r\n */\r\n class_1.prototype.get = function (key) {\r\n var index = getIndex(this.__entries__, key);\r\n var entry = this.__entries__[index];\r\n return entry && entry[1];\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * @param {*} key\r\n * @param {*} value\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n class_1.prototype.set = function (key, value) {\r\n var index = getIndex(this.__entries__, key);\r\n if (~index) {\r\n this.__entries__[index][1] = value;\r\n }\r\n else {\r\n this.__entries__.push([key, value]);\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * @param {*} key\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n class_1.prototype.delete = function (key) {\r\n var entries = this.__entries__;\r\n var index = getIndex(entries, key);\r\n if (~index) {\r\n entries.splice(index, 1);\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * @param {*} key\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n class_1.prototype.has = function (key) {\r\n return !!~getIndex(this.__entries__, key);\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n class_1.prototype.clear = function () {\r\n this.__entries__.splice(0);\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * @param {Function} callback\r\n * @param {*} [ctx=null]\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n class_1.prototype.forEach = function (callback, ctx) {\r\n if (ctx === void 0) { ctx = null; }\r\n for (var _i = 0, _a = this.__entries__; _i < _a.length; _i++) {\r\n var entry = _a[_i];\r\n callback.call(ctx, entry[1], entry[0]);\r\n }\r\n };\r\n return class_1;\r\n }());\r\n})();\n\n/**\r\n * Detects whether window and document objects are available in current environment.\r\n */\r\nvar isBrowser = typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined' && window.document === document;\n\n// Returns global object of a current environment.\r\nvar global$1 = (function () {\r\n if (typeof global !== 'undefined' && global.Math === Math) {\r\n return global;\r\n }\r\n if (typeof self !== 'undefined' && self.Math === Math) {\r\n return self;\r\n }\r\n if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.Math === Math) {\r\n return window;\r\n }\r\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\r\n return Function('return this')();\r\n})();\n\n/**\r\n * A shim for the requestAnimationFrame which falls back to the setTimeout if\r\n * first one is not supported.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {number} Requests' identifier.\r\n */\r\nvar requestAnimationFrame$1 = (function () {\r\n if (typeof requestAnimationFrame === 'function') {\r\n // It's required to use a bounded function because IE sometimes throws\r\n // an \"Invalid calling object\" error if rAF is invoked without the global\r\n // object on the left hand side.\r\n return requestAnimationFrame.bind(global$1);\r\n }\r\n return function (callback) { return setTimeout(function () { return callback(Date.now()); }, 1000 / 60); };\r\n})();\n\n// Defines minimum timeout before adding a trailing call.\r\nvar trailingTimeout = 2;\r\n/**\r\n * Creates a wrapper function which ensures that provided callback will be\r\n * invoked only once during the specified delay period.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Function} callback - Function to be invoked after the delay period.\r\n * @param {number} delay - Delay after which to invoke callback.\r\n * @returns {Function}\r\n */\r\nfunction throttle (callback, delay) {\r\n var leadingCall = false, trailingCall = false, lastCallTime = 0;\r\n /**\r\n * Invokes the original callback function and schedules new invocation if\r\n * the \"proxy\" was called during current request.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n function resolvePending() {\r\n if (leadingCall) {\r\n leadingCall = false;\r\n callback();\r\n }\r\n if (trailingCall) {\r\n proxy();\r\n }\r\n }\r\n /**\r\n * Callback invoked after the specified delay. It will further postpone\r\n * invocation of the original function delegating it to the\r\n * requestAnimationFrame.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n function timeoutCallback() {\r\n requestAnimationFrame$1(resolvePending);\r\n }\r\n /**\r\n * Schedules invocation of the original function.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n function proxy() {\r\n var timeStamp = Date.now();\r\n if (leadingCall) {\r\n // Reject immediately following calls.\r\n if (timeStamp - lastCallTime < trailingTimeout) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n // Schedule new call to be in invoked when the pending one is resolved.\r\n // This is important for \"transitions\" which never actually start\r\n // immediately so there is a chance that we might miss one if change\r\n // happens amids the pending invocation.\r\n trailingCall = true;\r\n }\r\n else {\r\n leadingCall = true;\r\n trailingCall = false;\r\n setTimeout(timeoutCallback, delay);\r\n }\r\n lastCallTime = timeStamp;\r\n }\r\n return proxy;\r\n}\n\n// Minimum delay before invoking the update of observers.\r\nvar REFRESH_DELAY = 20;\r\n// A list of substrings of CSS properties used to find transition events that\r\n// might affect dimensions of observed elements.\r\nvar transitionKeys = ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left', 'width', 'height', 'size', 'weight'];\r\n// Check if MutationObserver is available.\r\nvar mutationObserverSupported = typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined';\r\n/**\r\n * Singleton controller class which handles updates of ResizeObserver instances.\r\n */\r\nvar ResizeObserverController = /** @class */ (function () {\r\n /**\r\n * Creates a new instance of ResizeObserverController.\r\n *\r\n * @private\r\n */\r\n function ResizeObserverController() {\r\n /**\r\n * Indicates whether DOM listeners have been added.\r\n *\r\n * @private {boolean}\r\n */\r\n this.connected_ = false;\r\n /**\r\n * Tells that controller has subscribed for Mutation Events.\r\n *\r\n * @private {boolean}\r\n */\r\n this.mutationEventsAdded_ = false;\r\n /**\r\n * Keeps reference to the instance of MutationObserver.\r\n *\r\n * @private {MutationObserver}\r\n */\r\n this.mutationsObserver_ = null;\r\n /**\r\n * A list of connected observers.\r\n *\r\n * @private {Array}\r\n */\r\n this.observers_ = [];\r\n this.onTransitionEnd_ = this.onTransitionEnd_.bind(this);\r\n this.refresh = throttle(this.refresh.bind(this), REFRESH_DELAY);\r\n }\r\n /**\r\n * Adds observer to observers list.\r\n *\r\n * @param {ResizeObserverSPI} observer - Observer to be added.\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.addObserver = function (observer) {\r\n if (!~this.observers_.indexOf(observer)) {\r\n this.observers_.push(observer);\r\n }\r\n // Add listeners if they haven't been added yet.\r\n if (!this.connected_) {\r\n this.connect_();\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Removes observer from observers list.\r\n *\r\n * @param {ResizeObserverSPI} observer - Observer to be removed.\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.removeObserver = function (observer) {\r\n var observers = this.observers_;\r\n var index = observers.indexOf(observer);\r\n // Remove observer if it's present in registry.\r\n if (~index) {\r\n observers.splice(index, 1);\r\n }\r\n // Remove listeners if controller has no connected observers.\r\n if (!observers.length && this.connected_) {\r\n this.disconnect_();\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Invokes the update of observers. It will continue running updates insofar\r\n * it detects changes.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.refresh = function () {\r\n var changesDetected = this.updateObservers_();\r\n // Continue running updates if changes have been detected as there might\r\n // be future ones caused by CSS transitions.\r\n if (changesDetected) {\r\n this.refresh();\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Updates every observer from observers list and notifies them of queued\r\n * entries.\r\n *\r\n * @private\r\n * @returns {boolean} Returns \"true\" if any observer has detected changes in\r\n * dimensions of it's elements.\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.updateObservers_ = function () {\r\n // Collect observers that have active observations.\r\n var activeObservers = this.observers_.filter(function (observer) {\r\n return observer.gatherActive(), observer.hasActive();\r\n });\r\n // Deliver notifications in a separate cycle in order to avoid any\r\n // collisions between observers, e.g. when multiple instances of\r\n // ResizeObserver are tracking the same element and the callback of one\r\n // of them changes content dimensions of the observed target. Sometimes\r\n // this may result in notifications being blocked for the rest of observers.\r\n activeObservers.forEach(function (observer) { return observer.broadcastActive(); });\r\n return activeObservers.length > 0;\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Initializes DOM listeners.\r\n *\r\n * @private\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.connect_ = function () {\r\n // Do nothing if running in a non-browser environment or if listeners\r\n // have been already added.\r\n if (!isBrowser || this.connected_) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n // Subscription to the \"Transitionend\" event is used as a workaround for\r\n // delayed transitions. This way it's possible to capture at least the\r\n // final state of an element.\r\n document.addEventListener('transitionend', this.onTransitionEnd_);\r\n window.addEventListener('resize', this.refresh);\r\n if (mutationObserverSupported) {\r\n this.mutationsObserver_ = new MutationObserver(this.refresh);\r\n this.mutationsObserver_.observe(document, {\r\n attributes: true,\r\n childList: true,\r\n characterData: true,\r\n subtree: true\r\n });\r\n }\r\n else {\r\n document.addEventListener('DOMSubtreeModified', this.refresh);\r\n this.mutationEventsAdded_ = true;\r\n }\r\n this.connected_ = true;\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Removes DOM listeners.\r\n *\r\n * @private\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.disconnect_ = function () {\r\n // Do nothing if running in a non-browser environment or if listeners\r\n // have been already removed.\r\n if (!isBrowser || !this.connected_) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n document.removeEventListener('transitionend', this.onTransitionEnd_);\r\n window.removeEventListener('resize', this.refresh);\r\n if (this.mutationsObserver_) {\r\n this.mutationsObserver_.disconnect();\r\n }\r\n if (this.mutationEventsAdded_) {\r\n document.removeEventListener('DOMSubtreeModified', this.refresh);\r\n }\r\n this.mutationsObserver_ = null;\r\n this.mutationEventsAdded_ = false;\r\n this.connected_ = false;\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * \"Transitionend\" event handler.\r\n *\r\n * @private\r\n * @param {TransitionEvent} event\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.prototype.onTransitionEnd_ = function (_a) {\r\n var _b = _a.propertyName, propertyName = _b === void 0 ? '' : _b;\r\n // Detect whether transition may affect dimensions of an element.\r\n var isReflowProperty = transitionKeys.some(function (key) {\r\n return !!~propertyName.indexOf(key);\r\n });\r\n if (isReflowProperty) {\r\n this.refresh();\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Returns instance of the ResizeObserverController.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {ResizeObserverController}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.getInstance = function () {\r\n if (!this.instance_) {\r\n this.instance_ = new ResizeObserverController();\r\n }\r\n return this.instance_;\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Holds reference to the controller's instance.\r\n *\r\n * @private {ResizeObserverController}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverController.instance_ = null;\r\n return ResizeObserverController;\r\n}());\n\n/**\r\n * Defines non-writable/enumerable properties of the provided target object.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} target - Object for which to define properties.\r\n * @param {Object} props - Properties to be defined.\r\n * @returns {Object} Target object.\r\n */\r\nvar defineConfigurable = (function (target, props) {\r\n for (var _i = 0, _a = Object.keys(props); _i < _a.length; _i++) {\r\n var key = _a[_i];\r\n Object.defineProperty(target, key, {\r\n value: props[key],\r\n enumerable: false,\r\n writable: false,\r\n configurable: true\r\n });\r\n }\r\n return target;\r\n});\n\n/**\r\n * Returns the global object associated with provided element.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Object} target\r\n * @returns {Object}\r\n */\r\nvar getWindowOf = (function (target) {\r\n // Assume that the element is an instance of Node, which means that it\r\n // has the \"ownerDocument\" property from which we can retrieve a\r\n // corresponding global object.\r\n var ownerGlobal = target && target.ownerDocument && target.ownerDocument.defaultView;\r\n // Return the local global object if it's not possible extract one from\r\n // provided element.\r\n return ownerGlobal || global$1;\r\n});\n\n// Placeholder of an empty content rectangle.\r\nvar emptyRect = createRectInit(0, 0, 0, 0);\r\n/**\r\n * Converts provided string to a number.\r\n *\r\n * @param {number|string} value\r\n * @returns {number}\r\n */\r\nfunction toFloat(value) {\r\n return parseFloat(value) || 0;\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Extracts borders size from provided styles.\r\n *\r\n * @param {CSSStyleDeclaration} styles\r\n * @param {...string} positions - Borders positions (top, right, ...)\r\n * @returns {number}\r\n */\r\nfunction getBordersSize(styles) {\r\n var positions = [];\r\n for (var _i = 1; _i < arguments.length; _i++) {\r\n positions[_i - 1] = arguments[_i];\r\n }\r\n return positions.reduce(function (size, position) {\r\n var value = styles['border-' + position + '-width'];\r\n return size + toFloat(value);\r\n }, 0);\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Extracts paddings sizes from provided styles.\r\n *\r\n * @param {CSSStyleDeclaration} styles\r\n * @returns {Object} Paddings box.\r\n */\r\nfunction getPaddings(styles) {\r\n var positions = ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'];\r\n var paddings = {};\r\n for (var _i = 0, positions_1 = positions; _i < positions_1.length; _i++) {\r\n var position = positions_1[_i];\r\n var value = styles['padding-' + position];\r\n paddings[position] = toFloat(value);\r\n }\r\n return paddings;\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Calculates content rectangle of provided SVG element.\r\n *\r\n * @param {SVGGraphicsElement} target - Element content rectangle of which needs\r\n * to be calculated.\r\n * @returns {DOMRectInit}\r\n */\r\nfunction getSVGContentRect(target) {\r\n var bbox = target.getBBox();\r\n return createRectInit(0, 0, bbox.width, bbox.height);\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Calculates content rectangle of provided HTMLElement.\r\n *\r\n * @param {HTMLElement} target - Element for which to calculate the content rectangle.\r\n * @returns {DOMRectInit}\r\n */\r\nfunction getHTMLElementContentRect(target) {\r\n // Client width & height properties can't be\r\n // used exclusively as they provide rounded values.\r\n var clientWidth = target.clientWidth, clientHeight = target.clientHeight;\r\n // By this condition we can catch all non-replaced inline, hidden and\r\n // detached elements. Though elements with width & height properties less\r\n // than 0.5 will be discarded as well.\r\n //\r\n // Without it we would need to implement separate methods for each of\r\n // those cases and it's not possible to perform a precise and performance\r\n // effective test for hidden elements. E.g. even jQuery's ':visible' filter\r\n // gives wrong results for elements with width & height less than 0.5.\r\n if (!clientWidth && !clientHeight) {\r\n return emptyRect;\r\n }\r\n var styles = getWindowOf(target).getComputedStyle(target);\r\n var paddings = getPaddings(styles);\r\n var horizPad = paddings.left + paddings.right;\r\n var vertPad = paddings.top + paddings.bottom;\r\n // Computed styles of width & height are being used because they are the\r\n // only dimensions available to JS that contain non-rounded values. It could\r\n // be possible to utilize the getBoundingClientRect if only it's data wasn't\r\n // affected by CSS transformations let alone paddings, borders and scroll bars.\r\n var width = toFloat(styles.width), height = toFloat(styles.height);\r\n // Width & height include paddings and borders when the 'border-box' box\r\n // model is applied (except for IE).\r\n if (styles.boxSizing === 'border-box') {\r\n // Following conditions are required to handle Internet Explorer which\r\n // doesn't include paddings and borders to computed CSS dimensions.\r\n //\r\n // We can say that if CSS dimensions + paddings are equal to the \"client\"\r\n // properties then it's either IE, and thus we don't need to subtract\r\n // anything, or an element merely doesn't have paddings/borders styles.\r\n if (Math.round(width + horizPad) !== clientWidth) {\r\n width -= getBordersSize(styles, 'left', 'right') + horizPad;\r\n }\r\n if (Math.round(height + vertPad) !== clientHeight) {\r\n height -= getBordersSize(styles, 'top', 'bottom') + vertPad;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n // Following steps can't be applied to the document's root element as its\r\n // client[Width/Height] properties represent viewport area of the window.\r\n // Besides, it's as well not necessary as the itself neither has\r\n // rendered scroll bars nor it can be clipped.\r\n if (!isDocumentElement(target)) {\r\n // In some browsers (only in Firefox, actually) CSS width & height\r\n // include scroll bars size which can be removed at this step as scroll\r\n // bars are the only difference between rounded dimensions + paddings\r\n // and \"client\" properties, though that is not always true in Chrome.\r\n var vertScrollbar = Math.round(width + horizPad) - clientWidth;\r\n var horizScrollbar = Math.round(height + vertPad) - clientHeight;\r\n // Chrome has a rather weird rounding of \"client\" properties.\r\n // E.g. for an element with content width of 314.2px it sometimes gives\r\n // the client width of 315px and for the width of 314.7px it may give\r\n // 314px. And it doesn't happen all the time. So just ignore this delta\r\n // as a non-relevant.\r\n if (Math.abs(vertScrollbar) !== 1) {\r\n width -= vertScrollbar;\r\n }\r\n if (Math.abs(horizScrollbar) !== 1) {\r\n height -= horizScrollbar;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n return createRectInit(paddings.left, paddings.top, width, height);\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Checks whether provided element is an instance of the SVGGraphicsElement.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element to be checked.\r\n * @returns {boolean}\r\n */\r\nvar isSVGGraphicsElement = (function () {\r\n // Some browsers, namely IE and Edge, don't have the SVGGraphicsElement\r\n // interface.\r\n if (typeof SVGGraphicsElement !== 'undefined') {\r\n return function (target) { return target instanceof getWindowOf(target).SVGGraphicsElement; };\r\n }\r\n // If it's so, then check that element is at least an instance of the\r\n // SVGElement and that it has the \"getBBox\" method.\r\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-extra-parens\r\n return function (target) { return (target instanceof getWindowOf(target).SVGElement &&\r\n typeof target.getBBox === 'function'); };\r\n})();\r\n/**\r\n * Checks whether provided element is a document element ().\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element to be checked.\r\n * @returns {boolean}\r\n */\r\nfunction isDocumentElement(target) {\r\n return target === getWindowOf(target).document.documentElement;\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Calculates an appropriate content rectangle for provided html or svg element.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element content rectangle of which needs to be calculated.\r\n * @returns {DOMRectInit}\r\n */\r\nfunction getContentRect(target) {\r\n if (!isBrowser) {\r\n return emptyRect;\r\n }\r\n if (isSVGGraphicsElement(target)) {\r\n return getSVGContentRect(target);\r\n }\r\n return getHTMLElementContentRect(target);\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Creates rectangle with an interface of the DOMRectReadOnly.\r\n * Spec: https://drafts.fxtf.org/geometry/#domrectreadonly\r\n *\r\n * @param {DOMRectInit} rectInit - Object with rectangle's x/y coordinates and dimensions.\r\n * @returns {DOMRectReadOnly}\r\n */\r\nfunction createReadOnlyRect(_a) {\r\n var x = _a.x, y = _a.y, width = _a.width, height = _a.height;\r\n // If DOMRectReadOnly is available use it as a prototype for the rectangle.\r\n var Constr = typeof DOMRectReadOnly !== 'undefined' ? DOMRectReadOnly : Object;\r\n var rect = Object.create(Constr.prototype);\r\n // Rectangle's properties are not writable and non-enumerable.\r\n defineConfigurable(rect, {\r\n x: x, y: y, width: width, height: height,\r\n top: y,\r\n right: x + width,\r\n bottom: height + y,\r\n left: x\r\n });\r\n return rect;\r\n}\r\n/**\r\n * Creates DOMRectInit object based on the provided dimensions and the x/y coordinates.\r\n * Spec: https://drafts.fxtf.org/geometry/#dictdef-domrectinit\r\n *\r\n * @param {number} x - X coordinate.\r\n * @param {number} y - Y coordinate.\r\n * @param {number} width - Rectangle's width.\r\n * @param {number} height - Rectangle's height.\r\n * @returns {DOMRectInit}\r\n */\r\nfunction createRectInit(x, y, width, height) {\r\n return { x: x, y: y, width: width, height: height };\r\n}\n\n/**\r\n * Class that is responsible for computations of the content rectangle of\r\n * provided DOM element and for keeping track of it's changes.\r\n */\r\nvar ResizeObservation = /** @class */ (function () {\r\n /**\r\n * Creates an instance of ResizeObservation.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element to be observed.\r\n */\r\n function ResizeObservation(target) {\r\n /**\r\n * Broadcasted width of content rectangle.\r\n *\r\n * @type {number}\r\n */\r\n this.broadcastWidth = 0;\r\n /**\r\n * Broadcasted height of content rectangle.\r\n *\r\n * @type {number}\r\n */\r\n this.broadcastHeight = 0;\r\n /**\r\n * Reference to the last observed content rectangle.\r\n *\r\n * @private {DOMRectInit}\r\n */\r\n this.contentRect_ = createRectInit(0, 0, 0, 0);\r\n this.target = target;\r\n }\r\n /**\r\n * Updates content rectangle and tells whether it's width or height properties\r\n * have changed since the last broadcast.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {boolean}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObservation.prototype.isActive = function () {\r\n var rect = getContentRect(this.target);\r\n this.contentRect_ = rect;\r\n return (rect.width !== this.broadcastWidth ||\r\n rect.height !== this.broadcastHeight);\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Updates 'broadcastWidth' and 'broadcastHeight' properties with a data\r\n * from the corresponding properties of the last observed content rectangle.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {DOMRectInit} Last observed content rectangle.\r\n */\r\n ResizeObservation.prototype.broadcastRect = function () {\r\n var rect = this.contentRect_;\r\n this.broadcastWidth = rect.width;\r\n this.broadcastHeight = rect.height;\r\n return rect;\r\n };\r\n return ResizeObservation;\r\n}());\n\nvar ResizeObserverEntry = /** @class */ (function () {\r\n /**\r\n * Creates an instance of ResizeObserverEntry.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element that is being observed.\r\n * @param {DOMRectInit} rectInit - Data of the element's content rectangle.\r\n */\r\n function ResizeObserverEntry(target, rectInit) {\r\n var contentRect = createReadOnlyRect(rectInit);\r\n // According to the specification following properties are not writable\r\n // and are also not enumerable in the native implementation.\r\n //\r\n // Property accessors are not being used as they'd require to define a\r\n // private WeakMap storage which may cause memory leaks in browsers that\r\n // don't support this type of collections.\r\n defineConfigurable(this, { target: target, contentRect: contentRect });\r\n }\r\n return ResizeObserverEntry;\r\n}());\n\nvar ResizeObserverSPI = /** @class */ (function () {\r\n /**\r\n * Creates a new instance of ResizeObserver.\r\n *\r\n * @param {ResizeObserverCallback} callback - Callback function that is invoked\r\n * when one of the observed elements changes it's content dimensions.\r\n * @param {ResizeObserverController} controller - Controller instance which\r\n * is responsible for the updates of observer.\r\n * @param {ResizeObserver} callbackCtx - Reference to the public\r\n * ResizeObserver instance which will be passed to callback function.\r\n */\r\n function ResizeObserverSPI(callback, controller, callbackCtx) {\r\n /**\r\n * Collection of resize observations that have detected changes in dimensions\r\n * of elements.\r\n *\r\n * @private {Array}\r\n */\r\n this.activeObservations_ = [];\r\n /**\r\n * Registry of the ResizeObservation instances.\r\n *\r\n * @private {Map}\r\n */\r\n this.observations_ = new MapShim();\r\n if (typeof callback !== 'function') {\r\n throw new TypeError('The callback provided as parameter 1 is not a function.');\r\n }\r\n this.callback_ = callback;\r\n this.controller_ = controller;\r\n this.callbackCtx_ = callbackCtx;\r\n }\r\n /**\r\n * Starts observing provided element.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element to be observed.\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.observe = function (target) {\r\n if (!arguments.length) {\r\n throw new TypeError('1 argument required, but only 0 present.');\r\n }\r\n // Do nothing if current environment doesn't have the Element interface.\r\n if (typeof Element === 'undefined' || !(Element instanceof Object)) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n if (!(target instanceof getWindowOf(target).Element)) {\r\n throw new TypeError('parameter 1 is not of type \"Element\".');\r\n }\r\n var observations = this.observations_;\r\n // Do nothing if element is already being observed.\r\n if (observations.has(target)) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n observations.set(target, new ResizeObservation(target));\r\n this.controller_.addObserver(this);\r\n // Force the update of observations.\r\n this.controller_.refresh();\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Stops observing provided element.\r\n *\r\n * @param {Element} target - Element to stop observing.\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.unobserve = function (target) {\r\n if (!arguments.length) {\r\n throw new TypeError('1 argument required, but only 0 present.');\r\n }\r\n // Do nothing if current environment doesn't have the Element interface.\r\n if (typeof Element === 'undefined' || !(Element instanceof Object)) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n if (!(target instanceof getWindowOf(target).Element)) {\r\n throw new TypeError('parameter 1 is not of type \"Element\".');\r\n }\r\n var observations = this.observations_;\r\n // Do nothing if element is not being observed.\r\n if (!observations.has(target)) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n observations.delete(target);\r\n if (!observations.size) {\r\n this.controller_.removeObserver(this);\r\n }\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Stops observing all elements.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.disconnect = function () {\r\n this.clearActive();\r\n this.observations_.clear();\r\n this.controller_.removeObserver(this);\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Collects observation instances the associated element of which has changed\r\n * it's content rectangle.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.gatherActive = function () {\r\n var _this = this;\r\n this.clearActive();\r\n this.observations_.forEach(function (observation) {\r\n if (observation.isActive()) {\r\n _this.activeObservations_.push(observation);\r\n }\r\n });\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Invokes initial callback function with a list of ResizeObserverEntry\r\n * instances collected from active resize observations.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.broadcastActive = function () {\r\n // Do nothing if observer doesn't have active observations.\r\n if (!this.hasActive()) {\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n var ctx = this.callbackCtx_;\r\n // Create ResizeObserverEntry instance for every active observation.\r\n var entries = this.activeObservations_.map(function (observation) {\r\n return new ResizeObserverEntry(observation.target, observation.broadcastRect());\r\n });\r\n this.callback_.call(ctx, entries, ctx);\r\n this.clearActive();\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Clears the collection of active observations.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {void}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.clearActive = function () {\r\n this.activeObservations_.splice(0);\r\n };\r\n /**\r\n * Tells whether observer has active observations.\r\n *\r\n * @returns {boolean}\r\n */\r\n ResizeObserverSPI.prototype.hasActive = function () {\r\n return this.activeObservations_.length > 0;\r\n };\r\n return ResizeObserverSPI;\r\n}());\n\n// Registry of internal observers. If WeakMap is not available use current shim\r\n// for the Map collection as it has all required methods and because WeakMap\r\n// can't be fully polyfilled anyway.\r\nvar observers = typeof WeakMap !== 'undefined' ? new WeakMap() : new MapShim();\r\n/**\r\n * ResizeObserver API. Encapsulates the ResizeObserver SPI implementation\r\n * exposing only those methods and properties that are defined in the spec.\r\n */\r\nvar ResizeObserver = /** @class */ (function () {\r\n /**\r\n * Creates a new instance of ResizeObserver.\r\n *\r\n * @param {ResizeObserverCallback} callback - Callback that is invoked when\r\n * dimensions of the observed elements change.\r\n */\r\n function ResizeObserver(callback) {\r\n if (!(this instanceof ResizeObserver)) {\r\n throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function.');\r\n }\r\n if (!arguments.length) {\r\n throw new TypeError('1 argument required, but only 0 present.');\r\n }\r\n var controller = ResizeObserverController.getInstance();\r\n var observer = new ResizeObserverSPI(callback, controller, this);\r\n observers.set(this, observer);\r\n }\r\n return ResizeObserver;\r\n}());\r\n// Expose public methods of ResizeObserver.\r\n[\r\n 'observe',\r\n 'unobserve',\r\n 'disconnect'\r\n].forEach(function (method) {\r\n ResizeObserver.prototype[method] = function () {\r\n var _a;\r\n return (_a = observers.get(this))[method].apply(_a, arguments);\r\n };\r\n});\n\nvar index = (function () {\r\n // Export existing implementation if available.\r\n if (typeof global$1.ResizeObserver !== 'undefined') {\r\n return global$1.ResizeObserver;\r\n }\r\n return ResizeObserver;\r\n})();\n\nexport default index;\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport ResizeObserver from \"resize-observer-polyfill\"\nimport {\n NEVER,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n merge,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n startWith,\n switchMap,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Element offset\n */\nexport interface ElementSize {\n width: number /* Element width */\n height: number /* Element height */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Resize observer entry subject\n */\nconst entry$ = new Subject()\n\n/**\n * Resize observer observable\n *\n * This observable will create a `ResizeObserver` on the first subscription\n * and will automatically terminate it when there are no more subscribers.\n * It's quite important to centralize observation in a single `ResizeObserver`,\n * as the performance difference can be quite dramatic, as the link shows.\n *\n * @see https://bit.ly/3iIYfEm - Google Groups on performance\n */\nconst observer$ = defer(() => of(\n new ResizeObserver(entries => {\n for (const entry of entries)\n entry$.next(entry)\n })\n))\n .pipe(\n switchMap(observer => merge(NEVER, of(observer))\n .pipe(\n finalize(() => observer.disconnect())\n )\n ),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve element size\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element size\n */\nexport function getElementSize(\n el: HTMLElement\n): ElementSize {\n return {\n width: el.offsetWidth,\n height: el.offsetHeight\n }\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch element size\n *\n * This function returns an observable that subscribes to a single internal\n * instance of `ResizeObserver` upon subscription, and emit resize events until\n * termination. Note that this function should not be called with the same\n * element twice, as the first unsubscription will terminate observation.\n *\n * Sadly, we can't use the `DOMRect` objects returned by the observer, because\n * we need the emitted values to be consistent with `getElementSize`, which will\n * return the used values (rounded) and not actual values (unrounded). Thus, we\n * use the `offset*` properties. See the linked GitHub issue.\n *\n * @see https://bit.ly/3m0k3he - GitHub issue\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element size observable\n */\nexport function watchElementSize(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n return observer$\n .pipe(\n tap(observer => observer.observe(el)),\n switchMap(observer => entry$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ target }) => target === el),\n finalize(() => observer.unobserve(el)),\n map(() => getElementSize(el))\n )\n ),\n startWith(getElementSize(el))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { ElementSize } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve element content size (= scroll width and height)\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element content size\n */\nexport function getElementContentSize(\n el: HTMLElement\n): ElementSize {\n return {\n width: el.scrollWidth,\n height: el.scrollHeight\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Retrieve the overflowing container of an element, if any\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Overflowing container or nothing\n */\nexport function getElementContainer(\n el: HTMLElement\n): HTMLElement | undefined {\n let parent = el.parentElement\n while (parent)\n if (\n el.scrollWidth <= parent.scrollWidth &&\n el.scrollHeight <= parent.scrollHeight\n )\n parent = (el = parent).parentElement\n else\n break\n\n /* Return overflowing container */\n return parent ? el : undefined\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n NEVER,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n merge,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n switchMap,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n getElementContentSize,\n getElementSize,\n watchElementContentOffset\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Intersection observer entry subject\n */\nconst entry$ = new Subject()\n\n/**\n * Intersection observer observable\n *\n * This observable will create an `IntersectionObserver` on first subscription\n * and will automatically terminate it when there are no more subscribers.\n *\n * @see https://bit.ly/3iIYfEm - Google Groups on performance\n */\nconst observer$ = defer(() => of(\n new IntersectionObserver(entries => {\n for (const entry of entries)\n entry$.next(entry)\n }, {\n threshold: 0\n })\n))\n .pipe(\n switchMap(observer => merge(NEVER, of(observer))\n .pipe(\n finalize(() => observer.disconnect())\n )\n ),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch element visibility\n *\n * @param el - Element\n *\n * @returns Element visibility observable\n */\nexport function watchElementVisibility(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n return observer$\n .pipe(\n tap(observer => observer.observe(el)),\n switchMap(observer => entry$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ target }) => target === el),\n finalize(() => observer.unobserve(el)),\n map(({ isIntersecting }) => isIntersecting)\n )\n )\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Watch element boundary\n *\n * This function returns an observable which emits whether the bottom content\n * boundary (= scroll offset) of an element is within a certain threshold.\n *\n * @param el - Element\n * @param threshold - Threshold\n *\n * @returns Element boundary observable\n */\nexport function watchElementBoundary(\n el: HTMLElement, threshold = 16\n): Observable {\n return watchElementContentOffset(el)\n .pipe(\n map(({ y }) => {\n const visible = getElementSize(el)\n const content = getElementContentSize(el)\n return y >= (\n content.height - visible.height - threshold\n )\n }),\n distinctUntilChanged()\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getElement } from \"../element\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Toggle\n */\nexport type Toggle =\n | \"drawer\" /* Toggle for drawer */\n | \"search\" /* Toggle for search */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Toggle map\n */\nconst toggles: Record = {\n drawer: getElement(\"[data-md-toggle=drawer]\"),\n search: getElement(\"[data-md-toggle=search]\")\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve the value of a toggle\n *\n * @param name - Toggle\n *\n * @returns Toggle value\n */\nexport function getToggle(name: Toggle): boolean {\n return toggles[name].checked\n}\n\n/**\n * Set toggle\n *\n * Simulating a click event seems to be the most cross-browser compatible way\n * of changing the value while also emitting a `change` event. Before, Material\n * used `CustomEvent` to programmatically change the value of a toggle, but this\n * is a much simpler and cleaner solution which doesn't require a polyfill.\n *\n * @param name - Toggle\n * @param value - Toggle value\n */\nexport function setToggle(name: Toggle, value: boolean): void {\n if (toggles[name].checked !== value)\n toggles[name].click()\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch toggle\n *\n * @param name - Toggle\n *\n * @returns Toggle value observable\n */\nexport function watchToggle(name: Toggle): Observable {\n const el = toggles[name]\n return fromEvent(el, \"change\")\n .pipe(\n map(() => el.checked),\n startWith(el.checked)\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n filter,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n share\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getActiveElement } from \"../element\"\nimport { getToggle } from \"../toggle\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Keyboard mode\n */\nexport type KeyboardMode =\n | \"global\" /* Global */\n | \"search\" /* Search is open */\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Keyboard\n */\nexport interface Keyboard {\n mode: KeyboardMode /* Keyboard mode */\n type: string /* Key type */\n claim(): void /* Key claim */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Check whether an element may receive keyboard input\n *\n * @param el - Element\n * @param type - Key type\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nfunction isSusceptibleToKeyboard(\n el: HTMLElement, type: string\n): boolean {\n switch (el.constructor) {\n\n /* Input elements */\n case HTMLInputElement:\n /* @ts-expect-error - omit unnecessary type cast */\n if (el.type === \"radio\")\n return /^Arrow/.test(type)\n else\n return true\n\n /* Select element and textarea */\n case HTMLSelectElement:\n case HTMLTextAreaElement:\n return true\n\n /* Everything else */\n default:\n return el.isContentEditable\n }\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch keyboard\n *\n * @returns Keyboard observable\n */\nexport function watchKeyboard(): Observable {\n return fromEvent(window, \"keydown\")\n .pipe(\n filter(ev => !(ev.metaKey || ev.ctrlKey)),\n map(ev => ({\n mode: getToggle(\"search\") ? \"search\" : \"global\",\n type: ev.key,\n claim() {\n ev.preventDefault()\n ev.stopPropagation()\n }\n } as Keyboard)),\n filter(({ mode, type }) => {\n if (mode === \"global\") {\n const active = getActiveElement()\n if (typeof active !== \"undefined\")\n return !isSusceptibleToKeyboard(active, type)\n }\n return true\n }),\n share()\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { Subject } from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve location\n *\n * This function returns a `URL` object (and not `Location`) to normalize the\n * typings across the application. Furthermore, locations need to be tracked\n * without setting them and `Location` is a singleton which represents the\n * current location.\n *\n * @returns URL\n */\nexport function getLocation(): URL {\n return new URL(location.href)\n}\n\n/**\n * Set location\n *\n * @param url - URL to change to\n */\nexport function setLocation(url: URL): void {\n location.href = url.href\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch location\n *\n * @returns Location subject\n */\nexport function watchLocation(): Subject {\n return new Subject()\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { JSX as JSXInternal } from \"preact\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * HTML attributes\n */\ntype Attributes =\n & JSXInternal.HTMLAttributes\n & JSXInternal.SVGAttributes\n & Record\n\n/**\n * Child element\n */\ntype Child =\n | HTMLElement\n | Text\n | string\n | number\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Append a child node to an element\n *\n * @param el - Element\n * @param child - Child node(s)\n */\nfunction appendChild(el: HTMLElement, child: Child | Child[]): void {\n\n /* Handle primitive types (including raw HTML) */\n if (typeof child === \"string\" || typeof child === \"number\") {\n el.innerHTML += child.toString()\n\n /* Handle nodes */\n } else if (child instanceof Node) {\n el.appendChild(child)\n\n /* Handle nested children */\n } else if (Array.isArray(child)) {\n for (const node of child)\n appendChild(el, node)\n }\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * JSX factory\n *\n * @template T - Element type\n *\n * @param tag - HTML tag\n * @param attributes - HTML attributes\n * @param children - Child elements\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function h(\n tag: T, attributes?: Attributes | null, ...children: Child[]\n): HTMLElementTagNameMap[T]\n\nexport function h(\n tag: string, attributes?: Attributes | null, ...children: Child[]\n): T\n\nexport function h(\n tag: string, attributes?: Attributes | null, ...children: Child[]\n): T {\n const el = document.createElement(tag)\n\n /* Set attributes, if any */\n if (attributes)\n for (const attr of Object.keys(attributes)) {\n if (typeof attributes[attr] === \"undefined\")\n continue\n\n /* Set default attribute or boolean */\n if (typeof attributes[attr] !== \"boolean\")\n el.setAttribute(attr, attributes[attr])\n else\n el.setAttribute(attr, \"\")\n }\n\n /* Append child nodes */\n for (const child of children)\n appendChild(el, child)\n\n /* Return element */\n return el as T\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Namespace\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\nexport declare namespace h {\n namespace JSX {\n type Element = HTMLElement\n type IntrinsicElements = JSXInternal.IntrinsicElements\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Truncate a string after the given number of characters\n *\n * This is not a very reasonable approach, since the summaries kind of suck.\n * It would be better to create something more intelligent, highlighting the\n * search occurrences and making a better summary out of it, but this note was\n * written three years ago, so who knows if we'll ever fix it.\n *\n * @param value - Value to be truncated\n * @param n - Number of characters\n *\n * @returns Truncated value\n */\nexport function truncate(value: string, n: number): string {\n let i = n\n if (value.length > i) {\n while (value[i] !== \" \" && --i > 0) { /* keep eating */ }\n return `${value.substring(0, i)}...`\n }\n return value\n}\n\n/**\n * Round a number for display with repository facts\n *\n * This is a reverse-engineered version of GitHub's weird rounding algorithm\n * for stars, forks and all other numbers. While all numbers below `1,000` are\n * returned as-is, bigger numbers are converted to fixed numbers:\n *\n * - `1,049` => `1k`\n * - `1,050` => `1.1k`\n * - `1,949` => `1.9k`\n * - `1,950` => `2k`\n *\n * @param value - Original value\n *\n * @returns Rounded value\n */\nexport function round(value: number): string {\n if (value > 999) {\n const digits = +((value - 950) % 1000 > 99)\n return `${((value + 0.000001) / 1000).toFixed(digits)}k`\n } else {\n return value.toString()\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n filter,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n shareReplay,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getOptionalElement } from \"~/browser\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve location hash\n *\n * @returns Location hash\n */\nexport function getLocationHash(): string {\n return location.hash.substring(1)\n}\n\n/**\n * Set location hash\n *\n * Setting a new fragment identifier via `location.hash` will have no effect\n * if the value doesn't change. When a new fragment identifier is set, we want\n * the browser to target the respective element at all times, which is why we\n * use this dirty little trick.\n *\n * @param hash - Location hash\n */\nexport function setLocationHash(hash: string): void {\n const el = h(\"a\", { href: hash })\n el.addEventListener(\"click\", ev => ev.stopPropagation())\n el.click()\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch location hash\n *\n * @returns Location hash observable\n */\nexport function watchLocationHash(): Observable {\n return fromEvent(window, \"hashchange\")\n .pipe(\n map(getLocationHash),\n startWith(getLocationHash()),\n filter(hash => hash.length > 0),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Watch location target\n *\n * @returns Location target observable\n */\nexport function watchLocationTarget(): Observable {\n return watchLocationHash()\n .pipe(\n map(id => getOptionalElement(`[id=\"${id}\"]`)!),\n filter(el => typeof el !== \"undefined\")\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n fromEvent,\n fromEventPattern,\n map,\n merge,\n startWith,\n switchMap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch media query\n *\n * Note that although `MediaQueryList.addListener` is deprecated we have to\n * use it, because it's the only way to ensure proper downward compatibility.\n *\n * @see https://bit.ly/3dUBH2m - GitHub issue\n *\n * @param query - Media query\n *\n * @returns Media observable\n */\nexport function watchMedia(query: string): Observable {\n const media = matchMedia(query)\n return fromEventPattern(next => (\n media.addListener(() => next(media.matches))\n ))\n .pipe(\n startWith(media.matches)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Watch print mode\n *\n * @returns Print observable\n */\nexport function watchPrint(): Observable {\n const media = matchMedia(\"print\")\n return merge(\n fromEvent(window, \"beforeprint\").pipe(map(() => true)),\n fromEvent(window, \"afterprint\").pipe(map(() => false))\n )\n .pipe(\n startWith(media.matches)\n )\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Toggle an observable with a media observable\n *\n * @template T - Data type\n *\n * @param query$ - Media observable\n * @param factory - Observable factory\n *\n * @returns Toggled observable\n */\nexport function at(\n query$: Observable, factory: () => Observable\n): Observable {\n return query$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(active => active ? factory() : EMPTY)\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n catchError,\n from,\n map,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n switchMap,\n throwError\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch the given URL\n *\n * If the request fails (e.g. when dispatched from `file://` locations), the\n * observable will complete without emitting a value.\n *\n * @param url - Request URL\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Response observable\n */\nexport function request(\n url: URL | string, options: RequestInit = { credentials: \"same-origin\" }\n): Observable {\n return from(fetch(`${url}`, options))\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => EMPTY),\n switchMap(res => res.status !== 200\n ? throwError(() => new Error(res.statusText))\n : of(res)\n )\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Fetch JSON from the given URL\n *\n * @template T - Data type\n *\n * @param url - Request URL\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Data observable\n */\nexport function requestJSON(\n url: URL | string, options?: RequestInit\n): Observable {\n return request(url, options)\n .pipe(\n switchMap(res => res.json()),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Fetch XML from the given URL\n *\n * @param url - Request URL\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Data observable\n */\nexport function requestXML(\n url: URL | string, options?: RequestInit\n): Observable {\n const dom = new DOMParser()\n return request(url, options)\n .pipe(\n switchMap(res => res.text()),\n map(res => dom.parseFromString(res, \"text/xml\")),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n defer,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n switchMap,\n take,\n throwError\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Create and load a `script` element\n *\n * This function returns an observable that will emit when the script was\n * successfully loaded, or throw an error if it didn't.\n *\n * @param src - Script URL\n *\n * @returns Script observable\n */\nexport function watchScript(src: string): Observable {\n const script = h(\"script\", { src })\n return defer(() => {\n document.head.appendChild(script)\n return merge(\n fromEvent(script, \"load\"),\n fromEvent(script, \"error\")\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => (\n throwError(() => new ReferenceError(`Invalid script: ${src}`))\n ))\n )\n )\n .pipe(\n map(() => undefined),\n finalize(() => document.head.removeChild(script)),\n take(1)\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Viewport offset\n */\nexport interface ViewportOffset {\n x: number /* Horizontal offset */\n y: number /* Vertical offset */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve viewport offset\n *\n * On iOS Safari, viewport offset can be negative due to overflow scrolling.\n * As this may induce strange behaviors downstream, we'll just limit it to 0.\n *\n * @returns Viewport offset\n */\nexport function getViewportOffset(): ViewportOffset {\n return {\n x: Math.max(0, scrollX),\n y: Math.max(0, scrollY)\n }\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch viewport offset\n *\n * @returns Viewport offset observable\n */\nexport function watchViewportOffset(): Observable {\n return merge(\n fromEvent(window, \"scroll\", { passive: true }),\n fromEvent(window, \"resize\", { passive: true })\n )\n .pipe(\n map(getViewportOffset),\n startWith(getViewportOffset())\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Viewport size\n */\nexport interface ViewportSize {\n width: number /* Viewport width */\n height: number /* Viewport height */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve viewport size\n *\n * @returns Viewport size\n */\nexport function getViewportSize(): ViewportSize {\n return {\n width: innerWidth,\n height: innerHeight\n }\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch viewport size\n *\n * @returns Viewport size observable\n */\nexport function watchViewportSize(): Observable {\n return fromEvent(window, \"resize\", { passive: true })\n .pipe(\n map(getViewportSize),\n startWith(getViewportSize())\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n combineLatest,\n map,\n shareReplay\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n ViewportOffset,\n watchViewportOffset\n} from \"../offset\"\nimport {\n ViewportSize,\n watchViewportSize\n} from \"../size\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Viewport\n */\nexport interface Viewport {\n offset: ViewportOffset /* Viewport offset */\n size: ViewportSize /* Viewport size */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch viewport\n *\n * @returns Viewport observable\n */\nexport function watchViewport(): Observable {\n return combineLatest([\n watchViewportOffset(),\n watchViewportSize()\n ])\n .pipe(\n map(([offset, size]) => ({ offset, size })),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n combineLatest,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n map\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { Header } from \"~/components\"\n\nimport { getElementOffset } from \"../../element\"\nimport { Viewport } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
/* Header observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch viewport relative to element\n *\n * @param el - Element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Viewport observable\n */\nexport function watchViewportAt(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n const size$ = viewport$\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"size\")\n )\n\n /* Compute element offset */\n const offset$ = combineLatest([size$, header$])\n .pipe(\n map(() => getElementOffset(el))\n )\n\n /* Compute relative viewport, return hot observable */\n return combineLatest([header$, viewport$, offset$])\n .pipe(\n map(([{ height }, { offset, size }, { x, y }]) => ({\n offset: {\n x: offset.x - x,\n y: offset.y - y + height\n },\n size\n }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n share,\n switchMap,\n tap,\n throttle\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Worker message\n */\nexport interface WorkerMessage {\n type: unknown /* Message type */\n data?: unknown /* Message data */\n}\n\n/**\n * Worker handler\n *\n * @template T - Message type\n */\nexport interface WorkerHandler<\n T extends WorkerMessage\n> {\n tx$: Subject /* Message transmission subject */\n rx$: Observable /* Message receive observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n *\n * @template T - Worker message type\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n tx$: Observable /* Message transmission observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch a web worker\n *\n * This function returns an observable that sends all values emitted by the\n * message observable to the web worker. Web worker communication is expected\n * to be bidirectional (request-response) and synchronous. Messages that are\n * emitted during a pending request are throttled, the last one is emitted.\n *\n * @param worker - Web worker\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Worker message observable\n */\nexport function watchWorker(\n worker: Worker, { tx$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n\n /* Intercept messages from worker-like objects */\n const rx$ = fromEvent(worker, \"message\")\n .pipe(\n map(({ data }) => data as T)\n )\n\n /* Send and receive messages, return hot observable */\n return tx$\n .pipe(\n throttle(() => rx$, { leading: true, trailing: true }),\n tap(message => worker.postMessage(message)),\n switchMap(() => rx$),\n share()\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { getElement, getLocation } from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Feature flag\n */\nexport type Flag =\n | \"announce.dismiss\" /* Dismissable announcement bar */\n | \"content.code.annotate\" /* Code annotations */\n | \"content.lazy\" /* Lazy content elements */\n | \"content.tabs.link\" /* Link content tabs */\n | \"header.autohide\" /* Hide header */\n | \"navigation.expand\" /* Automatic expansion */\n | \"navigation.indexes\" /* Section pages */\n | \"navigation.instant\" /* Instant loading */\n | \"navigation.sections\" /* Section navigation */\n | \"navigation.tabs\" /* Tabs navigation */\n | \"navigation.tabs.sticky\" /* Tabs navigation (sticky) */\n | \"navigation.top\" /* Back-to-top button */\n | \"navigation.tracking\" /* Anchor tracking */\n | \"search.highlight\" /* Search highlighting */\n | \"search.share\" /* Search sharing */\n | \"search.suggest\" /* Search suggestions */\n | \"toc.follow\" /* Following table of contents */\n | \"toc.integrate\" /* Integrated table of contents */\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Translation\n */\nexport type Translation =\n | \"clipboard.copy\" /* Copy to clipboard */\n | \"clipboard.copied\" /* Copied to clipboard */\n | \"search.config.lang\" /* Search language */\n | \"search.config.pipeline\" /* Search pipeline */\n | \"search.config.separator\" /* Search separator */\n | \"search.placeholder\" /* Search */\n | \"search.result.placeholder\" /* Type to start searching */\n | \"search.result.none\" /* No matching documents */\n | \"search.result.one\" /* 1 matching document */\n | \"search.result.other\" /* # matching documents */\n | \"search.result.more.one\" /* 1 more on this page */\n | \"search.result.more.other\" /* # more on this page */\n | \"search.result.term.missing\" /* Missing */\n | \"select.version.title\" /* Version selector */\n\n/**\n * Translations\n */\nexport type Translations = Record\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Versioning\n */\nexport interface Versioning {\n provider: \"mike\" /* Version provider */\n default?: string /* Default version */\n}\n\n/**\n * Configuration\n */\nexport interface Config {\n base: string /* Base URL */\n features: Flag[] /* Feature flags */\n translations: Translations /* Translations */\n search: string /* Search worker URL */\n tags?: Record /* Tags mapping */\n version?: Versioning /* Versioning */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve global configuration and make base URL absolute\n */\nconst script = getElement(\"#__config\")\nconst config: Config = JSON.parse(script.textContent!)\nconfig.base = `${new URL(config.base, getLocation())}`\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve global configuration\n *\n * @returns Global configuration\n */\nexport function configuration(): Config {\n return config\n}\n\n/**\n * Check whether a feature flag is enabled\n *\n * @param flag - Feature flag\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nexport function feature(flag: Flag): boolean {\n return config.features.includes(flag)\n}\n\n/**\n * Retrieve the translation for the given key\n *\n * @param key - Key to be translated\n * @param value - Positional value, if any\n *\n * @returns Translation\n */\nexport function translation(\n key: Translation, value?: string | number\n): string {\n return typeof value !== \"undefined\"\n ? config.translations[key].replace(\"#\", value.toString())\n : config.translations[key]\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { getElement, getElements } from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Component type\n */\nexport type ComponentType =\n | \"announce\" /* Announcement bar */\n | \"container\" /* Container */\n | \"consent\" /* Consent */\n | \"content\" /* Content */\n | \"dialog\" /* Dialog */\n | \"header\" /* Header */\n | \"header-title\" /* Header title */\n | \"header-topic\" /* Header topic */\n | \"main\" /* Main area */\n | \"outdated\" /* Version warning */\n | \"palette\" /* Color palette */\n | \"search\" /* Search */\n | \"search-query\" /* Search input */\n | \"search-result\" /* Search results */\n | \"search-share\" /* Search sharing */\n | \"search-suggest\" /* Search suggestions */\n | \"sidebar\" /* Sidebar */\n | \"skip\" /* Skip link */\n | \"source\" /* Repository information */\n | \"tabs\" /* Navigation tabs */\n | \"toc\" /* Table of contents */\n | \"top\" /* Back-to-top button */\n\n/**\n * Component\n *\n * @template T - Component type\n * @template U - Reference type\n */\nexport type Component<\n T extends {} = {},\n U extends HTMLElement = HTMLElement\n> =\n T & {\n ref: U /* Component reference */\n }\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Component type map\n */\ninterface ComponentTypeMap {\n \"announce\": HTMLElement /* Announcement bar */\n \"container\": HTMLElement /* Container */\n \"consent\": HTMLElement /* Consent */\n \"content\": HTMLElement /* Content */\n \"dialog\": HTMLElement /* Dialog */\n \"header\": HTMLElement /* Header */\n \"header-title\": HTMLElement /* Header title */\n \"header-topic\": HTMLElement /* Header topic */\n \"main\": HTMLElement /* Main area */\n \"outdated\": HTMLElement /* Version warning */\n \"palette\": HTMLElement /* Color palette */\n \"search\": HTMLElement /* Search */\n \"search-query\": HTMLInputElement /* Search input */\n \"search-result\": HTMLElement /* Search results */\n \"search-share\": HTMLAnchorElement /* Search sharing */\n \"search-suggest\": HTMLElement /* Search suggestions */\n \"sidebar\": HTMLElement /* Sidebar */\n \"skip\": HTMLAnchorElement /* Skip link */\n \"source\": HTMLAnchorElement /* Repository information */\n \"tabs\": HTMLElement /* Navigation tabs */\n \"toc\": HTMLElement /* Table of contents */\n \"top\": HTMLAnchorElement /* Back-to-top button */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Retrieve the element for a given component or throw a reference error\n *\n * @template T - Component type\n *\n * @param type - Component type\n * @param node - Node of reference\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function getComponentElement(\n type: T, node: ParentNode = document\n): ComponentTypeMap[T] {\n return getElement(`[data-md-component=${type}]`, node)\n}\n\n/**\n * Retrieve all elements for a given component\n *\n * @template T - Component type\n *\n * @param type - Component type\n * @param node - Node of reference\n *\n * @returns Elements\n */\nexport function getComponentElements(\n type: T, node: ParentNode = document\n): ComponentTypeMap[T][] {\n return getElements(`[data-md-component=${type}]`, node)\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n startWith,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport { getElement } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Announcement bar\n */\nexport interface Announce {\n hash: number /* Content hash */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch announcement bar\n *\n * @param el - Announcement bar element\n *\n * @returns Announcement bar observable\n */\nexport function watchAnnounce(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n const button = getElement(\".md-typeset > :first-child\", el)\n return fromEvent(button, \"click\", { once: true })\n .pipe(\n map(() => getElement(\".md-typeset\", el)),\n map(content => ({ hash: __md_hash(content.innerHTML) }))\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount announcement bar\n *\n * @param el - Announcement bar element\n *\n * @returns Announcement bar component observable\n */\nexport function mountAnnounce(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable> {\n if (!feature(\"announce.dismiss\") || !el.childElementCount)\n return EMPTY\n\n /* Mount component on subscription */\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$\n .pipe(\n startWith({ hash: __md_get(\"__announce\") })\n )\n .subscribe(({ hash }) => {\n if (hash && hash === (__md_get(\"__announce\") ?? hash)) {\n el.hidden = true\n\n /* Persist preference in local storage */\n __md_set(\"__announce\", hash)\n }\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchAnnounce(el)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n finalize,\n map,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Consent\n */\nexport interface Consent {\n hidden: boolean /* Consent is hidden */\n}\n\n/**\n * Consent defaults\n */\nexport interface ConsentDefaults {\n analytics?: boolean /* Consent for Analytics */\n github?: boolean /* Consent for GitHub */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Target observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Target observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch consent\n *\n * @param el - Consent element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Consent observable\n */\nexport function watchConsent(\n el: HTMLElement, { target$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n return target$\n .pipe(\n map(target => ({ hidden: target !== el }))\n )\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount consent\n *\n * @param el - Consent element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Consent component observable\n */\nexport function mountConsent(\n el: HTMLElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const internal$ = new Subject()\n internal$.subscribe(({ hidden }) => {\n el.hidden = hidden\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchConsent(el, options)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => internal$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => internal$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport ClipboardJS from \"clipboard\"\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n mergeWith,\n switchMap,\n take,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n getElementContentSize,\n watchElementSize,\n watchElementVisibility\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport { renderClipboardButton } from \"~/templates\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../../_\"\nimport {\n Annotation,\n mountAnnotationList\n} from \"../../annotation\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Code block\n */\nexport interface CodeBlock {\n scrollable: boolean /* Code block overflows */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n print$: Observable /* Media print observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Global sequence number for code blocks\n */\nlet sequence = 0\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Find candidate list element directly following a code block\n *\n * @param el - Code block element\n *\n * @returns List element or nothing\n */\nfunction findCandidateList(el: HTMLElement): HTMLElement | undefined {\n if (el.nextElementSibling) {\n const sibling = el.nextElementSibling as HTMLElement\n if (sibling.tagName === \"OL\")\n return sibling\n\n /* Skip empty paragraphs - see https://bit.ly/3r4ZJ2O */\n else if (sibling.tagName === \"P\" && !sibling.children.length)\n return findCandidateList(sibling)\n }\n\n /* Everything else */\n return undefined\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch code block\n *\n * This function monitors size changes of the viewport, as well as switches of\n * content tabs with embedded code blocks, as both may trigger overflow.\n *\n * @param el - Code block element\n *\n * @returns Code block observable\n */\nexport function watchCodeBlock(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n return watchElementSize(el)\n .pipe(\n map(({ width }) => {\n const content = getElementContentSize(el)\n return {\n scrollable: content.width > width\n }\n }),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"scrollable\")\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount code block\n *\n * This function ensures that an overflowing code block is focusable through\n * keyboard, so it can be scrolled without a mouse to improve on accessibility.\n * Furthermore, if code annotations are enabled, they are mounted if and only\n * if the code block is currently visible, e.g., not in a hidden content tab.\n *\n * Note that code blocks may be mounted eagerly or lazily. If they're mounted\n * lazily (on first visibility), code annotation anchor links will not work,\n * as they are evaluated on initial page load, and code annotations in general\n * might feel a little bumpier.\n *\n * @param el - Code block element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Code block and annotation component observable\n */\nexport function mountCodeBlock(\n el: HTMLElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const { matches: hover } = matchMedia(\"(hover)\")\n\n /* Defer mounting of code block - see https://bit.ly/3vHVoVD */\n const factory$ = defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe(({ scrollable }) => {\n if (scrollable && hover)\n el.setAttribute(\"tabindex\", \"0\")\n else\n el.removeAttribute(\"tabindex\")\n })\n\n /* Render button for Clipboard.js integration */\n if (ClipboardJS.isSupported()) {\n const parent = el.closest(\"pre\")!\n parent.id = `__code_${++sequence}`\n parent.insertBefore(\n renderClipboardButton(parent.id),\n el\n )\n }\n\n /* Handle code annotations */\n const container = el.closest(\".highlight\")\n if (container instanceof HTMLElement) {\n const list = findCandidateList(container)\n\n /* Mount code annotations, if enabled */\n if (typeof list !== \"undefined\" && (\n container.classList.contains(\"annotate\") ||\n feature(\"content.code.annotate\")\n )) {\n const annotations$ = mountAnnotationList(list, el, options)\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchCodeBlock(el)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state })),\n mergeWith(\n watchElementSize(container)\n .pipe(\n map(({ width, height }) => width && height),\n distinctUntilChanged(),\n switchMap(active => active ? annotations$ : EMPTY)\n )\n )\n )\n }\n }\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchCodeBlock(el)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n\n /* Mount code block lazily */\n if (feature(\"content.lazy\"))\n return watchElementVisibility(el)\n .pipe(\n filter(visible => visible),\n take(1),\n switchMap(() => factory$)\n )\n\n /* Mount code block */\n return factory$\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2021 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a tooltip\n *\n * @param id - Tooltip identifier\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderTooltip(id?: string): HTMLElement {\n return (\n
\n
\n
\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\nimport { renderTooltip } from \"../tooltip\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render an annotation\n *\n * @param id - Annotation identifier\n * @param prefix - Tooltip identifier prefix\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderAnnotation(\n id: string | number, prefix?: string\n): HTMLElement {\n prefix = prefix ? `${prefix}_annotation_${id}` : undefined\n\n /* Render tooltip with anchor, if given */\n if (prefix) {\n const anchor = prefix ? `#${prefix}` : undefined\n return (\n \n )\n } else {\n return (\n \n )\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a 'copy-to-clipboard' button\n *\n * @param id - Unique identifier\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderClipboardButton(id: string): HTMLElement {\n return (\n code`}\n >\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { ComponentChild } from \"preact\"\n\nimport { configuration, feature, translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n SearchDocument,\n SearchMetadata,\n SearchResultItem\n} from \"~/integrations/search\"\nimport { h, truncate } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render flag\n */\nconst enum Flag {\n TEASER = 1, /* Render teaser */\n PARENT = 2 /* Render as parent */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper function\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a search document\n *\n * @param document - Search document\n * @param flag - Render flags\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nfunction renderSearchDocument(\n document: SearchDocument & SearchMetadata, flag: Flag\n): HTMLElement {\n const parent = flag & Flag.PARENT\n const teaser = flag & Flag.TEASER\n\n /* Render missing query terms */\n const missing = Object.keys(document.terms)\n .filter(key => !document.terms[key])\n .reduce((list, key) => [\n ...list, {key}, \" \"\n ], [])\n .slice(0, -1)\n\n /* Assemble query string for highlighting */\n const url = new URL(document.location)\n if (feature(\"search.highlight\"))\n url.searchParams.set(\"h\", Object.entries(document.terms)\n .filter(([, match]) => match)\n .reduce((highlight, [value]) => `${highlight} ${value}`.trim(), \"\")\n )\n\n /* Render article or section, depending on flags */\n const { tags } = configuration()\n return (\n \n \n {parent > 0 &&
}\n

{document.title}

\n {teaser > 0 && document.text.length > 0 &&\n

\n {truncate(document.text, 320)}\n

\n }\n {document.tags && (\n
\n {document.tags.map(tag => {\n const id = tag.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, \"\")\n const type = tags\n ? id in tags\n ? `md-tag-icon md-tag-icon--${tags[id]}`\n : \"md-tag-icon\"\n : \"\"\n return (\n {tag}\n )\n })}\n
\n )}\n {teaser > 0 && missing.length > 0 &&\n

\n {translation(\"search.result.term.missing\")}: {...missing}\n

\n }\n \n \n )\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a search result\n *\n * @param result - Search result\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderSearchResultItem(\n result: SearchResultItem\n): HTMLElement {\n const threshold = result[0].score\n const docs = [...result]\n\n /* Find and extract parent article */\n const parent = docs.findIndex(doc => !doc.location.includes(\"#\"))\n const [article] = docs.splice(parent, 1)\n\n /* Determine last index above threshold */\n let index = docs.findIndex(doc => doc.score < threshold)\n if (index === -1)\n index = docs.length\n\n /* Partition sections */\n const best = docs.slice(0, index)\n const more = docs.slice(index)\n\n /* Render children */\n const children = [\n renderSearchDocument(article, Flag.PARENT | +(!parent && index === 0)),\n ...best.map(section => renderSearchDocument(section, Flag.TEASER)),\n ...more.length ? [\n
\n \n {more.length > 0 && more.length === 1\n ? translation(\"search.result.more.one\")\n : translation(\"search.result.more.other\", more.length)\n }\n \n {...more.map(section => renderSearchDocument(section, Flag.TEASER))}\n
\n ] : []\n ]\n\n /* Render search result */\n return (\n
  • \n {children}\n
    • \n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { SourceFacts } from \"~/components\"\nimport { h, round } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render repository facts\n *\n * @param facts - Repository facts\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderSourceFacts(facts: SourceFacts): HTMLElement {\n return (\n
      \n {Object.entries(facts).map(([key, value]) => (\n
    • \n {typeof value === \"number\" ? round(value) : value}\n
      • \n ))}\n
    \n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Tabbed control type\n */\ntype TabbedControlType =\n | \"prev\"\n | \"next\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render control for content tabs\n *\n * @param type - Control type\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderTabbedControl(\n type: TabbedControlType\n): HTMLElement {\n const classes = `tabbed-control tabbed-control--${type}`\n return (\n \n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a table inside a wrapper to improve scrolling on mobile\n *\n * @param table - Table element\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderTable(table: HTMLElement): HTMLElement {\n return (\n
    \n
    \n {table}\n
    \n
    \n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { configuration, translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Version\n */\nexport interface Version {\n version: string /* Version identifier */\n title: string /* Version title */\n aliases: string[] /* Version aliases */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a version\n *\n * @param version - Version\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nfunction renderVersion(version: Version): HTMLElement {\n const config = configuration()\n\n /* Ensure trailing slash - see https://bit.ly/3rL5u3f */\n const url = new URL(`../${version.version}/`, config.base)\n return (\n
  • \n \n {version.title}\n \n
    • \n )\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Render a version selector\n *\n * @param versions - Versions\n * @param active - Active version\n *\n * @returns Element\n */\nexport function renderVersionSelector(\n versions: Version[], active: Version\n): HTMLElement {\n return (\n
    \n \n {active.title}\n \n
      \n {versions.map(renderVersion)}\n
    \n
    \n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n animationFrameScheduler,\n auditTime,\n combineLatest,\n debounceTime,\n defer,\n delay,\n filter,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n switchMap,\n take,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil,\n tap,\n throttleTime,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n ElementOffset,\n getActiveElement,\n getElementSize,\n watchElementContentOffset,\n watchElementFocus,\n watchElementOffset,\n watchElementVisibility\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Annotation\n */\nexport interface Annotation {\n active: boolean /* Annotation is active */\n offset: ElementOffset /* Annotation offset */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch annotation\n *\n * @param el - Annotation element\n * @param container - Containing element\n *\n * @returns Annotation observable\n */\nexport function watchAnnotation(\n el: HTMLElement, container: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n const offset$ = defer(() => combineLatest([\n watchElementOffset(el),\n watchElementContentOffset(container)\n ]))\n .pipe(\n map(([{ x, y }, scroll]): ElementOffset => {\n const { width, height } = getElementSize(el)\n return ({\n x: x - scroll.x + width / 2,\n y: y - scroll.y + height / 2\n })\n })\n )\n\n /* Actively watch annotation on focus */\n return watchElementFocus(el)\n .pipe(\n switchMap(active => offset$\n .pipe(\n map(offset => ({ active, offset })),\n take(+!active || Infinity)\n )\n )\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount annotation\n *\n * @param el - Annotation element\n * @param container - Containing element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Annotation component observable\n */\nexport function mountAnnotation(\n el: HTMLElement, container: HTMLElement, { target$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const [tooltip, index] = Array.from(el.children)\n\n /* Mount component on subscription */\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n const done$ = push$.pipe(takeLast(1))\n push$.subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next({ offset }) {\n el.style.setProperty(\"--md-tooltip-x\", `${offset.x}px`)\n el.style.setProperty(\"--md-tooltip-y\", `${offset.y}px`)\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n el.style.removeProperty(\"--md-tooltip-x\")\n el.style.removeProperty(\"--md-tooltip-y\")\n }\n })\n\n /* Start animation only when annotation is visible */\n watchElementVisibility(el)\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$)\n )\n .subscribe(visible => {\n el.toggleAttribute(\"data-md-visible\", visible)\n })\n\n /* Toggle tooltip presence to mitigate empty lines when copying */\n merge(\n push$.pipe(filter(({ active }) => active)),\n push$.pipe(debounceTime(250), filter(({ active }) => !active))\n )\n .subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next({ active }) {\n if (active)\n el.prepend(tooltip)\n else\n tooltip.remove()\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n el.prepend(tooltip)\n }\n })\n\n /* Toggle tooltip visibility */\n push$\n .pipe(\n auditTime(16, animationFrameScheduler)\n )\n .subscribe(({ active }) => {\n tooltip.classList.toggle(\"md-tooltip--active\", active)\n })\n\n /* Track relative origin of tooltip */\n push$\n .pipe(\n throttleTime(125, animationFrameScheduler),\n filter(() => !!el.offsetParent),\n map(() => el.offsetParent!.getBoundingClientRect()),\n map(({ x }) => x)\n )\n .subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next(origin) {\n if (origin)\n el.style.setProperty(\"--md-tooltip-0\", `${-origin}px`)\n else\n el.style.removeProperty(\"--md-tooltip-0\")\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n el.style.removeProperty(\"--md-tooltip-0\")\n }\n })\n\n /* Allow to copy link without scrolling to anchor */\n fromEvent(index, \"click\")\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$),\n filter(ev => !(ev.metaKey || ev.ctrlKey))\n )\n .subscribe(ev => ev.preventDefault())\n\n /* Allow to open link in new tab or blur on close */\n fromEvent(index, \"mousedown\")\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$),\n withLatestFrom(push$)\n )\n .subscribe(([ev, { active }]) => {\n\n /* Open in new tab */\n if (ev.button !== 0 || ev.metaKey || ev.ctrlKey) {\n ev.preventDefault()\n\n /* Close annotation */\n } else if (active) {\n ev.preventDefault()\n\n /* Focus parent annotation, if any */\n const parent = el.parentElement!.closest(\".md-annotation\")\n if (parent instanceof HTMLElement)\n parent.focus()\n else\n getActiveElement()?.blur()\n }\n })\n\n /* Open and focus annotation on location target */\n target$\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$),\n filter(target => target === tooltip),\n delay(125)\n )\n .subscribe(() => el.focus())\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchAnnotation(el, container)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n finalize,\n merge,\n share,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n getElement,\n getElements,\n getOptionalElement\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport { renderAnnotation } from \"~/templates\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../../_\"\nimport {\n Annotation,\n mountAnnotation\n} from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n print$: Observable /* Media print observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Find all annotation markers in the given code block\n *\n * @param container - Containing element\n *\n * @returns Annotation markers\n */\nfunction findAnnotationMarkers(container: HTMLElement): Text[] {\n const markers: Text[] = []\n for (const el of getElements(\".c, .c1, .cm\", container)) {\n const nodes: Text[] = []\n\n /* Find all text nodes in current element */\n const it = document.createNodeIterator(el, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT)\n for (let node = it.nextNode(); node; node = it.nextNode())\n nodes.push(node as Text)\n\n /* Find all markers in each text node */\n for (let text of nodes) {\n let match: RegExpExecArray | null\n\n /* Split text at marker and add to list */\n while ((match = /(\\(\\d+\\))(!)?/.exec(text.textContent!))) {\n const [, id, force] = match\n if (typeof force === \"undefined\") {\n const marker = text.splitText(match.index)\n text = marker.splitText(id.length)\n markers.push(marker)\n\n /* Replace entire text with marker */\n } else {\n text.textContent = id\n markers.push(text)\n break\n }\n }\n }\n }\n return markers\n}\n\n/**\n * Swap the child nodes of two elements\n *\n * @param source - Source element\n * @param target - Target element\n */\nfunction swap(source: HTMLElement, target: HTMLElement): void {\n target.append(...Array.from(source.childNodes))\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount annotation list\n *\n * This function analyzes the containing code block and checks for markers\n * referring to elements in the given annotation list. If no markers are found,\n * the list is left untouched. Otherwise, list elements are rendered as\n * annotations inside the code block.\n *\n * @param el - Annotation list element\n * @param container - Containing element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Annotation component observable\n */\nexport function mountAnnotationList(\n el: HTMLElement, container: HTMLElement, { target$, print$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n\n /* Compute prefix for tooltip anchors */\n const parent = container.closest(\"[id]\")\n const prefix = parent?.id\n\n /* Find and replace all markers with empty annotations */\n const annotations = new Map()\n for (const marker of findAnnotationMarkers(container)) {\n const [, id] = marker.textContent!.match(/\\((\\d+)\\)/)!\n if (getOptionalElement(`li:nth-child(${id})`, el)) {\n annotations.set(id, renderAnnotation(id, prefix))\n marker.replaceWith(annotations.get(id)!)\n }\n }\n\n /* Keep list if there are no annotations to render */\n if (annotations.size === 0)\n return EMPTY\n\n /* Mount component on subscription */\n return defer(() => {\n const done$ = new Subject()\n\n /* Retrieve container pairs for swapping */\n const pairs: [HTMLElement, HTMLElement][] = []\n for (const [id, annotation] of annotations)\n pairs.push([\n getElement(\".md-typeset\", annotation),\n getElement(`li:nth-child(${id})`, el)\n ])\n\n /* Handle print mode - see https://bit.ly/3rgPdpt */\n print$\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$.pipe(takeLast(1)))\n )\n .subscribe(active => {\n el.hidden = !active\n\n /* Show annotations in code block or list (print) */\n for (const [inner, child] of pairs)\n if (!active)\n swap(child, inner)\n else\n swap(inner, child)\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return merge(...[...annotations]\n .map(([, annotation]) => (\n mountAnnotation(annotation, container, { target$ })\n ))\n )\n .pipe(\n finalize(() => done$.complete()),\n share()\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n map,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { watchScript } from \"~/browser\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../../_\"\n\nimport themeCSS from \"./index.css\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mermaid diagram\n */\nexport interface Mermaid {}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mermaid instance observable\n */\nlet mermaid$: Observable\n\n/**\n * Global sequence number for diagrams\n */\nlet sequence = 0\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch Mermaid script\n *\n * @returns Mermaid scripts observable\n */\nfunction fetchScripts(): Observable {\n return typeof mermaid === \"undefined\" || mermaid instanceof Element\n ? watchScript(\"https://unpkg.com/mermaid@9.1.7/dist/mermaid.min.js\")\n : of(undefined)\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount Mermaid diagram\n *\n * @param el - Code block element\n *\n * @returns Mermaid diagram component observable\n */\nexport function mountMermaid(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable> {\n el.classList.remove(\"mermaid\") // Hack: mitigate https://bit.ly/3CiN6Du\n mermaid$ ||= fetchScripts()\n .pipe(\n tap(() => mermaid.initialize({\n startOnLoad: false,\n themeCSS,\n sequence: {\n actorFontSize: \"16px\", // Hack: mitigate https://bit.ly/3y0NEi3\n messageFontSize: \"16px\",\n noteFontSize: \"16px\"\n }\n })),\n map(() => undefined),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n /* Render diagram */\n mermaid$.subscribe(() => {\n el.classList.add(\"mermaid\") // Hack: mitigate https://bit.ly/3CiN6Du\n const id = `__mermaid_${sequence++}`\n const host = h(\"div\", { class: \"mermaid\" })\n mermaid.mermaidAPI.render(id, el.textContent, (svg: string) => {\n\n /* Create a shadow root and inject diagram */\n const shadow = host.attachShadow({ mode: \"closed\" })\n shadow.innerHTML = svg\n\n /* Replace code block with diagram */\n el.replaceWith(host)\n })\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return mermaid$\n .pipe(\n map(() => ({ ref: el }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n merge,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Details\n */\nexport interface Details {\n action: \"open\" | \"close\" /* Details state */\n reveal?: boolean /* Details is revealed */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n print$: Observable /* Media print observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n print$: Observable /* Media print observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch details\n *\n * @param el - Details element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Details observable\n */\nexport function watchDetails(\n el: HTMLDetailsElement, { target$, print$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable
    {\n let open = true\n return merge(\n\n /* Open and focus details on location target */\n target$\n .pipe(\n map(target => target.closest(\"details:not([open])\")!),\n filter(details => el === details),\n map(() => ({\n action: \"open\", reveal: true\n }) as Details)\n ),\n\n /* Open details on print and close afterwards */\n print$\n .pipe(\n filter(active => active || !open),\n tap(() => open = el.open),\n map(active => ({\n action: active ? \"open\" : \"close\"\n }) as Details)\n )\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount details\n *\n * This function ensures that `details` tags are opened on anchor jumps and\n * prior to printing, so the whole content of the page is visible.\n *\n * @param el - Details element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Details component observable\n */\nexport function mountDetails(\n el: HTMLDetailsElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject
    ()\n push$.subscribe(({ action, reveal }) => {\n el.toggleAttribute(\"open\", action === \"open\")\n if (reveal)\n el.scrollIntoView()\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchDetails(el, options)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { Observable, of } from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { renderTable } from \"~/templates\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Data table\n */\nexport interface DataTable {}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Sentinel for replacement\n */\nconst sentinel = h(\"table\")\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount data table\n *\n * This function wraps a data table in another scrollable container, so it can\n * be smoothly scrolled on smaller screen sizes and won't break the layout.\n *\n * @param el - Data table element\n *\n * @returns Data table component observable\n */\nexport function mountDataTable(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable> {\n el.replaceWith(sentinel)\n sentinel.replaceWith(renderTable(el))\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return of({ ref: el })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n animationFrameScheduler,\n asyncScheduler,\n auditTime,\n combineLatest,\n defer,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n skip,\n startWith,\n subscribeOn,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil,\n tap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n Viewport,\n getElement,\n getElementContentOffset,\n getElementContentSize,\n getElementOffset,\n getElementSize,\n getElements,\n watchElementContentOffset,\n watchElementSize\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport { renderTabbedControl } from \"~/templates\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Content tabs\n */\nexport interface ContentTabs {\n active: HTMLLabelElement /* Active tab label */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch content tabs\n *\n * @param el - Content tabs element\n *\n * @returns Content tabs observable\n */\nexport function watchContentTabs(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable {\n const inputs = getElements(\":scope > input\", el)\n const initial = inputs.find(input => input.checked) || inputs[0]\n return merge(...inputs.map(input => fromEvent(input, \"change\")\n .pipe(\n map(() => getElement(`label[for=\"${input.id}\"]`))\n )\n ))\n .pipe(\n startWith(getElement(`label[for=\"${initial.id}\"]`)),\n map(active => ({ active }))\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount content tabs\n *\n * This function scrolls the active tab into view. While this functionality is\n * provided by browsers as part of `scrollInfoView`, browsers will always also\n * scroll the vertical axis, which we do not want. Thus, we decided to provide\n * this functionality ourselves.\n *\n * @param el - Content tabs element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Content tabs component observable\n */\nexport function mountContentTabs(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n\n /* Render content tab previous button for pagination */\n const prev = renderTabbedControl(\"prev\")\n el.append(prev)\n\n /* Render content tab next button for pagination */\n const next = renderTabbedControl(\"next\")\n el.append(next)\n\n /* Mount component on subscription */\n const container = getElement(\".tabbed-labels\", el)\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n const done$ = push$.pipe(takeLast(1))\n combineLatest([push$, watchElementSize(el)])\n .pipe(\n auditTime(1, animationFrameScheduler),\n takeUntil(done$)\n )\n .subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next([{ active }, size]) {\n const offset = getElementOffset(active)\n const { width } = getElementSize(active)\n\n /* Set tab indicator offset and width */\n el.style.setProperty(\"--md-indicator-x\", `${offset.x}px`)\n el.style.setProperty(\"--md-indicator-width\", `${width}px`)\n\n /* Scroll container to active content tab */\n const content = getElementContentOffset(container)\n if (\n offset.x < content.x ||\n offset.x + width > content.x + size.width\n )\n container.scrollTo({\n left: Math.max(0, offset.x - 16),\n behavior: \"smooth\"\n })\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n el.style.removeProperty(\"--md-indicator-x\")\n el.style.removeProperty(\"--md-indicator-width\")\n }\n })\n\n /* Hide content tab buttons on borders */\n combineLatest([\n watchElementContentOffset(container),\n watchElementSize(container)\n ])\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$)\n )\n .subscribe(([offset, size]) => {\n const content = getElementContentSize(container)\n prev.hidden = offset.x < 16\n next.hidden = offset.x > content.width - size.width - 16\n })\n\n /* Paginate content tab container on click */\n merge(\n fromEvent(prev, \"click\").pipe(map(() => -1)),\n fromEvent(next, \"click\").pipe(map(() => +1))\n )\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$)\n )\n .subscribe(direction => {\n const { width } = getElementSize(container)\n container.scrollBy({\n left: width * direction,\n behavior: \"smooth\"\n })\n })\n\n /* Set up linking of content tabs, if enabled */\n if (feature(\"content.tabs.link\"))\n push$.pipe(\n skip(1),\n withLatestFrom(viewport$)\n )\n .subscribe(([{ active }, { offset }]) => {\n const tab = active.innerText.trim()\n if (active.hasAttribute(\"data-md-switching\")) {\n active.removeAttribute(\"data-md-switching\")\n\n /* Determine viewport offset of active tab */\n } else {\n const y = el.offsetTop - offset.y\n\n /* Passively activate other tabs */\n for (const set of getElements(\"[data-tabs]\"))\n for (const input of getElements(\n \":scope > input\", set\n )) {\n const label = getElement(`label[for=\"${input.id}\"]`)\n if (\n label !== active &&\n label.innerText.trim() === tab\n ) {\n label.setAttribute(\"data-md-switching\", \"\")\n input.click()\n break\n }\n }\n\n /* Bring active tab into view */\n window.scrollTo({\n top: el.offsetTop - y\n })\n\n /* Persist active tabs in local storage */\n const tabs = __md_get(\"__tabs\") || []\n __md_set(\"__tabs\", [...new Set([tab, ...tabs])])\n }\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchContentTabs(el)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n .pipe(\n subscribeOn(asyncScheduler)\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { Observable, merge } from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { Viewport, getElements } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\nimport { Annotation } from \"../annotation\"\nimport {\n CodeBlock,\n Mermaid,\n mountCodeBlock,\n mountMermaid\n} from \"../code\"\nimport {\n Details,\n mountDetails\n} from \"../details\"\nimport {\n DataTable,\n mountDataTable\n} from \"../table\"\nimport {\n ContentTabs,\n mountContentTabs\n} from \"../tabs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Content\n */\nexport type Content =\n | Annotation\n | ContentTabs\n | CodeBlock\n | Mermaid\n | DataTable\n | Details\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n print$: Observable /* Media print observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount content\n *\n * This function mounts all components that are found in the content of the\n * actual article, including code blocks, data tables and details.\n *\n * @param el - Content element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Content component observable\n */\nexport function mountContent(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, target$, print$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return merge(\n\n /* Code blocks */\n ...getElements(\"pre:not(.mermaid) > code\", el)\n .map(child => mountCodeBlock(child, { target$, print$ })),\n\n /* Mermaid diagrams */\n ...getElements(\"pre.mermaid\", el)\n .map(child => mountMermaid(child)),\n\n /* Data tables */\n ...getElements(\"table:not([class])\", el)\n .map(child => mountDataTable(child)),\n\n /* Details */\n ...getElements(\"details\", el)\n .map(child => mountDetails(child, { target$, print$ })),\n\n /* Content tabs */\n ...getElements(\"[data-tabs]\", el)\n .map(child => mountContentTabs(child, { viewport$ }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n delay,\n finalize,\n map,\n merge,\n of,\n switchMap,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getElement } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Dialog\n */\nexport interface Dialog {\n message: string /* Dialog message */\n active: boolean /* Dialog is active */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n alert$: Subject /* Alert subject */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n alert$: Subject /* Alert subject */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch dialog\n *\n * @param _el - Dialog element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Dialog observable\n */\nexport function watchDialog(\n _el: HTMLElement, { alert$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n return alert$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(message => merge(\n of(true),\n of(false).pipe(delay(2000))\n )\n .pipe(\n map(active => ({ message, active }))\n )\n )\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount dialog\n *\n * This function reveals the dialog in the right corner when a new alert is\n * emitted through the subject that is passed as part of the options.\n *\n * @param el - Dialog element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Dialog component observable\n */\nexport function mountDialog(\n el: HTMLElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const inner = getElement(\".md-typeset\", el)\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe(({ message, active }) => {\n el.classList.toggle(\"md-dialog--active\", active)\n inner.textContent = message\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchDialog(el, options)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n bufferCount,\n combineLatest,\n combineLatestWith,\n defer,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n filter,\n map,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n startWith,\n switchMap,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n Viewport,\n watchElementSize,\n watchToggle\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\nimport { Main } from \"../../main\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Header\n */\nexport interface Header {\n height: number /* Header visible height */\n hidden: boolean /* Header is hidden */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n main$: Observable
    /* Main area observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Compute whether the header is hidden\n *\n * If the user scrolls past a certain threshold, the header can be hidden when\n * scrolling down, and shown when scrolling up.\n *\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Toggle observable\n */\nfunction isHidden({ viewport$ }: WatchOptions): Observable {\n if (!feature(\"header.autohide\"))\n return of(false)\n\n /* Compute direction and turning point */\n const direction$ = viewport$\n .pipe(\n map(({ offset: { y } }) => y),\n bufferCount(2, 1),\n map(([a, b]) => [a < b, b] as const),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(0)\n )\n\n /* Compute whether header should be hidden */\n const hidden$ = combineLatest([viewport$, direction$])\n .pipe(\n filter(([{ offset }, [, y]]) => Math.abs(y - offset.y) > 100),\n map(([, [direction]]) => direction),\n distinctUntilChanged()\n )\n\n /* Compute threshold for hiding */\n const search$ = watchToggle(\"search\")\n return combineLatest([viewport$, search$])\n .pipe(\n map(([{ offset }, search]) => offset.y > 400 && !search),\n distinctUntilChanged(),\n switchMap(active => active ? hidden$ : of(false)),\n startWith(false)\n )\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch header\n *\n * @param el - Header element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Header observable\n */\nexport function watchHeader(\n el: HTMLElement, options: WatchOptions\n): Observable
    {\n return defer(() => combineLatest([\n watchElementSize(el),\n isHidden(options)\n ]))\n .pipe(\n map(([{ height }, hidden]) => ({\n height,\n hidden\n })),\n distinctUntilChanged((a, b) => (\n a.height === b.height &&\n a.hidden === b.hidden\n )),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount header\n *\n * This function manages the different states of the header, i.e. whether it's\n * hidden or rendered with a shadow. This depends heavily on the main area.\n *\n * @param el - Header element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Header component observable\n */\nexport function mountHeader(\n el: HTMLElement, { header$, main$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject
    ()\n const done$ = push$.pipe(takeLast(1))\n push$\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"active\"),\n combineLatestWith(header$)\n )\n .subscribe(([{ active }, { hidden }]) => {\n el.classList.toggle(\"md-header--shadow\", active && !hidden)\n el.hidden = hidden\n })\n\n /* Link to main area */\n main$.subscribe(push$)\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return header$\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n finalize,\n map,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n Viewport,\n getElementSize,\n getOptionalElement,\n watchViewportAt\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\nimport { Header } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Header\n */\nexport interface HeaderTitle {\n active: boolean /* Header title is active */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch header title\n *\n * @param el - Heading element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Header title observable\n */\nexport function watchHeaderTitle(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n return watchViewportAt(el, { viewport$, header$ })\n .pipe(\n map(({ offset: { y } }) => {\n const { height } = getElementSize(el)\n return {\n active: y >= height\n }\n }),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"active\")\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount header title\n *\n * This function swaps the header title from the site title to the title of the\n * current page when the user scrolls past the first headline.\n *\n * @param el - Header title element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Header title component observable\n */\nexport function mountHeaderTitle(\n el: HTMLElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe(({ active }) => {\n el.classList.toggle(\"md-header__title--active\", active)\n })\n\n /* Obtain headline, if any */\n const heading = getOptionalElement(\"article h1\")\n if (typeof heading === \"undefined\")\n return EMPTY\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchHeaderTitle(heading, options)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n combineLatest,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n map,\n switchMap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n Viewport,\n watchElementSize\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Header } from \"../header\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Main area\n */\nexport interface Main {\n offset: number /* Main area top offset */\n height: number /* Main area visible height */\n active: boolean /* Main area is active */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch main area\n *\n * This function returns an observable that computes the visual parameters of\n * the main area which depends on the viewport vertical offset and height, as\n * well as the height of the header element, if the header is fixed.\n *\n * @param el - Main area element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Main area observable\n */\nexport function watchMain(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable
    {\n\n /* Compute necessary adjustment for header */\n const adjust$ = header$\n .pipe(\n map(({ height }) => height),\n distinctUntilChanged()\n )\n\n /* Compute the main area's top and bottom borders */\n const border$ = adjust$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => watchElementSize(el)\n .pipe(\n map(({ height }) => ({\n top: el.offsetTop,\n bottom: el.offsetTop + height\n })),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"bottom\")\n )\n )\n )\n\n /* Compute the main area's offset, visible height and if we scrolled past */\n return combineLatest([adjust$, border$, viewport$])\n .pipe(\n map(([header, { top, bottom }, { offset: { y }, size: { height } }]) => {\n height = Math.max(0, height\n - Math.max(0, top - y, header)\n - Math.max(0, height + y - bottom)\n )\n return {\n offset: top - header,\n height,\n active: top - header <= y\n }\n }),\n distinctUntilChanged((a, b) => (\n a.offset === b.offset &&\n a.height === b.height &&\n a.active === b.active\n ))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n asyncScheduler,\n defer,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n mergeMap,\n observeOn,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n startWith,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getElements } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Palette colors\n */\nexport interface PaletteColor {\n scheme?: string /* Color scheme */\n primary?: string /* Primary color */\n accent?: string /* Accent color */\n}\n\n/**\n * Palette\n */\nexport interface Palette {\n index: number /* Palette index */\n color: PaletteColor /* Palette colors */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch color palette\n *\n * @param inputs - Color palette element\n *\n * @returns Color palette observable\n */\nexport function watchPalette(\n inputs: HTMLInputElement[]\n): Observable {\n const current = __md_get(\"__palette\") || {\n index: inputs.findIndex(input => matchMedia(\n input.getAttribute(\"data-md-color-media\")!\n ).matches)\n }\n\n /* Emit changes in color palette */\n return of(...inputs)\n .pipe(\n mergeMap(input => fromEvent(input, \"change\")\n .pipe(\n map(() => input)\n )\n ),\n startWith(inputs[Math.max(0, current.index)]),\n map(input => ({\n index: inputs.indexOf(input),\n color: {\n scheme: input.getAttribute(\"data-md-color-scheme\"),\n primary: input.getAttribute(\"data-md-color-primary\"),\n accent: input.getAttribute(\"data-md-color-accent\")\n }\n } as Palette)),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount color palette\n *\n * @param el - Color palette element\n *\n * @returns Color palette component observable\n */\nexport function mountPalette(\n el: HTMLElement\n): Observable> {\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe(palette => {\n document.body.setAttribute(\"data-md-color-switching\", \"\")\n\n /* Set color palette */\n for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(palette.color))\n document.body.setAttribute(`data-md-color-${key}`, value)\n\n /* Toggle visibility */\n for (let index = 0; index < inputs.length; index++) {\n const label = inputs[index].nextElementSibling\n if (label instanceof HTMLElement)\n label.hidden = palette.index !== index\n }\n\n /* Persist preference in local storage */\n __md_set(\"__palette\", palette)\n })\n\n /* Revert transition durations after color switch */\n push$.pipe(observeOn(asyncScheduler))\n .subscribe(() => {\n document.body.removeAttribute(\"data-md-color-switching\")\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n const inputs = getElements(\"input\", el)\n return watchPalette(inputs)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport ClipboardJS from \"clipboard\"\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n map,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport { getElement } from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Setup options\n */\ninterface SetupOptions {\n alert$: Subject /* Alert subject */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Extract text to copy\n *\n * @param el - HTML element\n *\n * @returns Extracted text\n */\nfunction extract(el: HTMLElement): string {\n el.setAttribute(\"data-md-copying\", \"\")\n const text = el.innerText\n el.removeAttribute(\"data-md-copying\")\n return text\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Set up Clipboard.js integration\n *\n * @param options - Options\n */\nexport function setupClipboardJS(\n { alert$ }: SetupOptions\n): void {\n if (ClipboardJS.isSupported()) {\n new Observable(subscriber => {\n new ClipboardJS(\"[data-clipboard-target], [data-clipboard-text]\", {\n text: el => (\n el.getAttribute(\"data-clipboard-text\")! ||\n extract(getElement(\n el.getAttribute(\"data-clipboard-target\")!\n ))\n )\n })\n .on(\"success\", ev => subscriber.next(ev))\n })\n .pipe(\n tap(ev => {\n const trigger = ev.trigger as HTMLElement\n trigger.focus()\n }),\n map(() => translation(\"clipboard.copied\"))\n )\n .subscribe(alert$)\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n catchError,\n defaultIfEmpty,\n map,\n of,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration } from \"~/_\"\nimport { getElements, requestXML } from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Sitemap, i.e. a list of URLs\n */\nexport type Sitemap = string[]\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Preprocess a list of URLs\n *\n * This function replaces the `site_url` in the sitemap with the actual base\n * URL, to allow instant loading to work in occasions like Netlify previews.\n *\n * @param urls - URLs\n *\n * @returns URL path parts\n */\nfunction preprocess(urls: Sitemap): Sitemap {\n if (urls.length < 2)\n return [\"\"]\n\n /* Take the first two URLs and remove everything after the last slash */\n const [root, next] = [...urls]\n .sort((a, b) => a.length - b.length)\n .map(url => url.replace(/[^/]+$/, \"\"))\n\n /* Compute common prefix */\n let index = 0\n if (root === next)\n index = root.length\n else\n while (root.charCodeAt(index) === next.charCodeAt(index))\n index++\n\n /* Remove common prefix and return in original order */\n return urls.map(url => url.replace(root.slice(0, index), \"\"))\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch the sitemap for the given base URL\n *\n * @param base - Base URL\n *\n * @returns Sitemap observable\n */\nexport function fetchSitemap(base?: URL): Observable {\n const cached = __md_get(\"__sitemap\", sessionStorage, base)\n if (cached) {\n return of(cached)\n } else {\n const config = configuration()\n return requestXML(new URL(\"sitemap.xml\", base || config.base))\n .pipe(\n map(sitemap => preprocess(getElements(\"loc\", sitemap)\n .map(node => node.textContent!)\n )),\n catchError(() => EMPTY), // @todo refactor instant loading\n defaultIfEmpty([]),\n tap(sitemap => __md_set(\"__sitemap\", sitemap, sessionStorage, base))\n )\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n NEVER,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n bufferCount,\n catchError,\n concatMap,\n debounceTime,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n filter,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n of,\n sample,\n share,\n skip,\n skipUntil,\n switchMap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration, feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n Viewport,\n ViewportOffset,\n getElements,\n getOptionalElement,\n request,\n setLocation,\n setLocationHash\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport { getComponentElement } from \"~/components\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\nimport { fetchSitemap } from \"../sitemap\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * History state\n */\nexport interface HistoryState {\n url: URL /* State URL */\n offset?: ViewportOffset /* State viewport offset */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Setup options\n */\ninterface SetupOptions {\n document$: Subject /* Document subject */\n location$: Subject /* Location subject */\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Set up instant loading\n *\n * When fetching, theoretically, we could use `responseType: \"document\"`, but\n * since all MkDocs links are relative, we need to make sure that the current\n * location matches the document we just loaded. Otherwise any relative links\n * in the document could use the old location.\n *\n * This is the reason why we need to synchronize history events and the process\n * of fetching the document for navigation changes (except `popstate` events):\n *\n * 1. Fetch document via `XMLHTTPRequest`\n * 2. Set new location via `history.pushState`\n * 3. Parse and emit fetched document\n *\n * For `popstate` events, we must not use `history.pushState`, or the forward\n * history will be irreversibly overwritten. In case the request fails, the\n * location change is dispatched regularly.\n *\n * @param options - Options\n */\nexport function setupInstantLoading(\n { document$, location$, viewport$ }: SetupOptions\n): void {\n const config = configuration()\n if (location.protocol === \"file:\")\n return\n\n /* Disable automatic scroll restoration */\n if (\"scrollRestoration\" in history) {\n history.scrollRestoration = \"manual\"\n\n /* Hack: ensure that reloads restore viewport offset */\n fromEvent(window, \"beforeunload\")\n .subscribe(() => {\n history.scrollRestoration = \"auto\"\n })\n }\n\n /* Hack: ensure absolute favicon link to omit 404s when switching */\n const favicon = getOptionalElement(\"link[rel=icon]\")\n if (typeof favicon !== \"undefined\")\n favicon.href = favicon.href\n\n /* Intercept internal navigation */\n const push$ = fetchSitemap()\n .pipe(\n map(paths => paths.map(path => `${new URL(path, config.base)}`)),\n switchMap(urls => fromEvent(document.body, \"click\")\n .pipe(\n filter(ev => !ev.metaKey && !ev.ctrlKey),\n switchMap(ev => {\n if (ev.target instanceof Element) {\n const el = ev.target.closest(\"a\")\n if (el && !el.target) {\n const url = new URL(el.href)\n\n /* Canonicalize URL */\n url.search = \"\"\n url.hash = \"\"\n\n /* Check if URL should be intercepted */\n if (\n url.pathname !== location.pathname &&\n urls.includes(url.toString())\n ) {\n ev.preventDefault()\n return of({\n url: new URL(el.href)\n })\n }\n }\n }\n return NEVER\n })\n )\n ),\n share()\n )\n\n /* Intercept history back and forward */\n const pop$ = fromEvent(window, \"popstate\")\n .pipe(\n filter(ev => ev.state !== null),\n map(ev => ({\n url: new URL(location.href),\n offset: ev.state\n })),\n share()\n )\n\n /* Emit location change */\n merge(push$, pop$)\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilChanged((a, b) => a.url.href === b.url.href),\n map(({ url }) => url)\n )\n .subscribe(location$)\n\n /* Fetch document via `XMLHTTPRequest` */\n const response$ = location$\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"pathname\"),\n switchMap(url => request(url.href)\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => {\n setLocation(url)\n return NEVER\n })\n )\n ),\n share()\n )\n\n /* Set new location via `history.pushState` */\n push$\n .pipe(\n sample(response$)\n )\n .subscribe(({ url }) => {\n history.pushState({}, \"\", `${url}`)\n })\n\n /* Parse and emit fetched document */\n const dom = new DOMParser()\n response$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(res => res.text()),\n map(res => dom.parseFromString(res, \"text/html\"))\n )\n .subscribe(document$)\n\n /* Replace meta tags and components */\n document$\n .pipe(\n skip(1)\n )\n .subscribe(replacement => {\n for (const selector of [\n\n /* Meta tags */\n \"title\",\n \"link[rel=canonical]\",\n \"meta[name=author]\",\n \"meta[name=description]\",\n\n /* Components */\n \"[data-md-component=announce]\",\n \"[data-md-component=container]\",\n \"[data-md-component=header-topic]\",\n \"[data-md-component=outdated]\",\n \"[data-md-component=logo]\",\n \"[data-md-component=skip]\",\n ...feature(\"navigation.tabs.sticky\")\n ? [\"[data-md-component=tabs]\"]\n : []\n ]) {\n const source = getOptionalElement(selector)\n const target = getOptionalElement(selector, replacement)\n if (\n typeof source !== \"undefined\" &&\n typeof target !== \"undefined\"\n ) {\n source.replaceWith(target)\n }\n }\n })\n\n /* Re-evaluate scripts */\n document$\n .pipe(\n skip(1),\n map(() => getComponentElement(\"container\")),\n switchMap(el => getElements(\"script\", el)),\n concatMap(el => {\n const script = h(\"script\")\n if (el.src) {\n for (const name of el.getAttributeNames())\n script.setAttribute(name, el.getAttribute(name)!)\n el.replaceWith(script)\n\n /* Complete when script is loaded */\n return new Observable(observer => {\n script.onload = () => observer.complete()\n })\n\n /* Complete immediately */\n } else {\n script.textContent = el.textContent\n el.replaceWith(script)\n return EMPTY\n }\n })\n )\n .subscribe()\n\n /* Emit history state change */\n merge(push$, pop$)\n .pipe(\n sample(document$)\n )\n .subscribe(({ url, offset }) => {\n if (url.hash && !offset) {\n setLocationHash(url.hash)\n } else {\n window.scrollTo(0, offset?.y || 0)\n }\n })\n\n /* Debounce update of viewport offset */\n viewport$\n .pipe(\n skipUntil(push$),\n debounceTime(250),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"offset\")\n )\n .subscribe(({ offset }) => {\n history.replaceState(offset, \"\")\n })\n\n /* Set viewport offset from history */\n merge(push$, pop$)\n .pipe(\n bufferCount(2, 1),\n filter(([a, b]) => a.url.pathname === b.url.pathname),\n map(([, state]) => state)\n )\n .subscribe(({ offset }) => {\n window.scrollTo(0, offset?.y || 0)\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport escapeHTML from \"escape-html\"\n\nimport { SearchIndexDocument } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search document\n */\nexport interface SearchDocument extends SearchIndexDocument {\n parent?: SearchIndexDocument /* Parent article */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search document mapping\n */\nexport type SearchDocumentMap = Map\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Create a search document mapping\n *\n * @param docs - Search index documents\n *\n * @returns Search document map\n */\nexport function setupSearchDocumentMap(\n docs: SearchIndexDocument[]\n): SearchDocumentMap {\n const documents = new Map()\n const parents = new Set()\n for (const doc of docs) {\n const [path, hash] = doc.location.split(\"#\")\n\n /* Extract location, title and tags */\n const location = doc.location\n const title = doc.title\n const tags = doc.tags\n\n /* Escape and cleanup text */\n const text = escapeHTML(doc.text)\n .replace(/\\s+(?=[,.:;!?])/g, \"\")\n .replace(/\\s+/g, \" \")\n\n /* Handle section */\n if (hash) {\n const parent = documents.get(path)!\n\n /* Ignore first section, override article */\n if (!parents.has(parent)) {\n parent.title = doc.title\n parent.text = text\n\n /* Remember that we processed the article */\n parents.add(parent)\n\n /* Add subsequent section */\n } else {\n documents.set(location, {\n location,\n title,\n text,\n parent\n })\n }\n\n /* Add article */\n } else {\n documents.set(location, {\n location,\n title,\n text,\n ...tags && { tags }\n })\n }\n }\n return documents\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport escapeHTML from \"escape-html\"\n\nimport { SearchIndexConfig } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search highlight function\n *\n * @param value - Value\n *\n * @returns Highlighted value\n */\nexport type SearchHighlightFn = (value: string) => string\n\n/**\n * Search highlight factory function\n *\n * @param query - Query value\n *\n * @returns Search highlight function\n */\nexport type SearchHighlightFactoryFn = (query: string) => SearchHighlightFn\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Create a search highlighter\n *\n * @param config - Search index configuration\n * @param escape - Whether to escape HTML\n *\n * @returns Search highlight factory function\n */\nexport function setupSearchHighlighter(\n config: SearchIndexConfig, escape: boolean\n): SearchHighlightFactoryFn {\n const separator = new RegExp(config.separator, \"img\")\n const highlight = (_: unknown, data: string, term: string) => {\n return `${data}${term}`\n }\n\n /* Return factory function */\n return (query: string) => {\n query = query\n .replace(/[\\s*+\\-:~^]+/g, \" \")\n .trim()\n\n /* Create search term match expression */\n const match = new RegExp(`(^|${config.separator})(${\n query\n .replace(/[|\\\\{}()[\\]^$+*?.-]/g, \"\\\\$&\")\n .replace(separator, \"|\")\n })`, \"img\")\n\n /* Highlight string value */\n return value => (\n escape\n ? escapeHTML(value)\n : value\n )\n .replace(match, highlight)\n .replace(/<\\/mark>(\\s+)]*>/img, \"$1\")\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search transformation function\n *\n * @param value - Query value\n *\n * @returns Transformed query value\n */\nexport type SearchTransformFn = (value: string) => string\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Default transformation function\n *\n * 1. Search for terms in quotation marks and prepend a `+` modifier to denote\n * that the resulting document must contain all terms, converting the query\n * to an `AND` query (as opposed to the default `OR` behavior). While users\n * may expect terms enclosed in quotation marks to map to span queries, i.e.\n * for which order is important, Lunr.js doesn't support them, so the best\n * we can do is to convert the terms to an `AND` query.\n *\n * 2. Replace control characters which are not located at the beginning of the\n * query or preceded by white space, or are not followed by a non-whitespace\n * character or are at the end of the query string. Furthermore, filter\n * unmatched quotation marks.\n *\n * 3. Trim excess whitespace from left and right.\n *\n * @param query - Query value\n *\n * @returns Transformed query value\n */\nexport function defaultTransform(query: string): string {\n return query\n .split(/\"([^\"]+)\"/g) /* => 1 */\n .map((terms, index) => index & 1\n ? terms.replace(/^\\b|^(?![^\\x00-\\x7F]|$)|\\s+/g, \" +\")\n : terms\n )\n .join(\"\")\n .replace(/\"|(?:^|\\s+)[*+\\-:^~]+(?=\\s+|$)/g, \"\") /* => 2 */\n .trim() /* => 3 */\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A RTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { SearchIndex, SearchResult } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search message type\n */\nexport const enum SearchMessageType {\n SETUP, /* Search index setup */\n READY, /* Search index ready */\n QUERY, /* Search query */\n RESULT /* Search results */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Message containing the data necessary to setup the search index\n */\nexport interface SearchSetupMessage {\n type: SearchMessageType.SETUP /* Message type */\n data: SearchIndex /* Message data */\n}\n\n/**\n * Message indicating the search index is ready\n */\nexport interface SearchReadyMessage {\n type: SearchMessageType.READY /* Message type */\n}\n\n/**\n * Message containing a search query\n */\nexport interface SearchQueryMessage {\n type: SearchMessageType.QUERY /* Message type */\n data: string /* Message data */\n}\n\n/**\n * Message containing results for a search query\n */\nexport interface SearchResultMessage {\n type: SearchMessageType.RESULT /* Message type */\n data: SearchResult /* Message data */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Message exchanged with the search worker\n */\nexport type SearchMessage =\n | SearchSetupMessage\n | SearchReadyMessage\n | SearchQueryMessage\n | SearchResultMessage\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Type guard for search setup messages\n *\n * @param message - Search worker message\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nexport function isSearchSetupMessage(\n message: SearchMessage\n): message is SearchSetupMessage {\n return message.type === SearchMessageType.SETUP\n}\n\n/**\n * Type guard for search ready messages\n *\n * @param message - Search worker message\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nexport function isSearchReadyMessage(\n message: SearchMessage\n): message is SearchReadyMessage {\n return message.type === SearchMessageType.READY\n}\n\n/**\n * Type guard for search query messages\n *\n * @param message - Search worker message\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nexport function isSearchQueryMessage(\n message: SearchMessage\n): message is SearchQueryMessage {\n return message.type === SearchMessageType.QUERY\n}\n\n/**\n * Type guard for search result messages\n *\n * @param message - Search worker message\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nexport function isSearchResultMessage(\n message: SearchMessage\n): message is SearchResultMessage {\n return message.type === SearchMessageType.RESULT\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A RTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n ObservableInput,\n Subject,\n from,\n map,\n share\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration, feature, translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport { WorkerHandler, watchWorker } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { SearchIndex } from \"../../_\"\nimport {\n SearchOptions,\n SearchPipeline\n} from \"../../options\"\nimport {\n SearchMessage,\n SearchMessageType,\n SearchSetupMessage,\n isSearchResultMessage\n} from \"../message\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search worker\n */\nexport type SearchWorker = WorkerHandler\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Set up search index\n *\n * @param data - Search index\n *\n * @returns Search index\n */\nfunction setupSearchIndex({ config, docs }: SearchIndex): SearchIndex {\n\n /* Override default language with value from translation */\n if (config.lang.length === 1 && config.lang[0] === \"en\")\n config.lang = [\n translation(\"search.config.lang\")\n ]\n\n /* Override default separator with value from translation */\n if (config.separator === \"[\\\\s\\\\-]+\")\n config.separator = translation(\"search.config.separator\")\n\n /* Set pipeline from translation */\n const pipeline = translation(\"search.config.pipeline\")\n .split(/\\s*,\\s*/)\n .filter(Boolean) as SearchPipeline\n\n /* Determine search options */\n const options: SearchOptions = {\n pipeline,\n suggestions: feature(\"search.suggest\")\n }\n\n /* Return search index after defaulting */\n return { config, docs, options }\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Set up search worker\n *\n * This function creates a web worker to set up and query the search index,\n * which is done using Lunr.js. The index must be passed as an observable to\n * enable hacks like _localsearch_ via search index embedding as JSON.\n *\n * @param url - Worker URL\n * @param index - Search index observable input\n *\n * @returns Search worker\n */\nexport function setupSearchWorker(\n url: string, index: ObservableInput\n): SearchWorker {\n const config = configuration()\n const worker = new Worker(url)\n\n /* Create communication channels and resolve relative links */\n const tx$ = new Subject()\n const rx$ = watchWorker(worker, { tx$ })\n .pipe(\n map(message => {\n if (isSearchResultMessage(message)) {\n for (const result of message.data.items)\n for (const document of result)\n document.location = `${new URL(document.location, config.base)}`\n }\n return message\n }),\n share()\n )\n\n /* Set up search index */\n from(index)\n .pipe(\n map(data => ({\n type: SearchMessageType.SETUP,\n data: setupSearchIndex(data)\n } as SearchSetupMessage))\n )\n .subscribe(tx$.next.bind(tx$))\n\n /* Return search worker */\n return { tx$, rx$ }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Subject,\n catchError,\n combineLatest,\n filter,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n of,\n switchMap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n getElement,\n getLocation,\n requestJSON,\n setLocation\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport { getComponentElements } from \"~/components\"\nimport {\n Version,\n renderVersionSelector\n} from \"~/templates\"\n\nimport { fetchSitemap } from \"../sitemap\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Setup options\n */\ninterface SetupOptions {\n document$: Subject /* Document subject */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Set up version selector\n *\n * @param options - Options\n */\nexport function setupVersionSelector(\n { document$ }: SetupOptions\n): void {\n const config = configuration()\n const versions$ = requestJSON(\n new URL(\"../versions.json\", config.base)\n )\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => EMPTY) // @todo refactor instant loading\n )\n\n /* Determine current version */\n const current$ = versions$\n .pipe(\n map(versions => {\n const [, current] = config.base.match(/([^/]+)\\/?$/)!\n return versions.find(({ version, aliases }) => (\n version === current || aliases.includes(current)\n )) || versions[0]\n })\n )\n\n /* Intercept inter-version navigation */\n versions$\n .pipe(\n map(versions => new Map(versions.map(version => [\n `${new URL(`../${version.version}/`, config.base)}`,\n version\n ]))),\n switchMap(urls => fromEvent(document.body, \"click\")\n .pipe(\n filter(ev => !ev.metaKey && !ev.ctrlKey),\n withLatestFrom(current$),\n switchMap(([ev, current]) => {\n if (ev.target instanceof Element) {\n const el = ev.target.closest(\"a\")\n if (el && !el.target && urls.has(el.href)) {\n const url = el.href\n // This is a temporary hack to detect if a version inside the\n // version selector or on another part of the site was clicked.\n // If we're inside the version selector, we definitely want to\n // find the same page, as we might have different deployments\n // due to aliases. However, if we're outside the version\n // selector, we must abort here, because we might otherwise\n // interfere with instant loading. We need to refactor this\n // at some point together with instant loading.\n //\n // See https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/issues/4012\n if (!ev.target.closest(\".md-version\")) {\n const version = urls.get(url)!\n if (version === current)\n return EMPTY\n }\n ev.preventDefault()\n return of(url)\n }\n }\n return EMPTY\n }),\n switchMap(url => {\n const { version } = urls.get(url)!\n return fetchSitemap(new URL(url))\n .pipe(\n map(sitemap => {\n const location = getLocation()\n const path = location.href.replace(config.base, \"\")\n return sitemap.includes(path.split(\"#\")[0])\n ? new URL(`../${version}/${path}`, config.base)\n : new URL(url)\n })\n )\n })\n )\n )\n )\n .subscribe(url => setLocation(url))\n\n /* Render version selector and warning */\n combineLatest([versions$, current$])\n .subscribe(([versions, current]) => {\n const topic = getElement(\".md-header__topic\")\n topic.appendChild(renderVersionSelector(versions, current))\n })\n\n /* Integrate outdated version banner with instant loading */\n document$.pipe(switchMap(() => current$))\n .subscribe(current => {\n\n /* Check if version state was already determined */\n let outdated = __md_get(\"__outdated\", sessionStorage)\n if (outdated === null) {\n const latest = config.version?.default || \"latest\"\n outdated = !current.aliases.includes(latest)\n\n /* Persist version state in session storage */\n __md_set(\"__outdated\", outdated, sessionStorage)\n }\n\n /* Unhide outdated version banner */\n if (outdated)\n for (const warning of getComponentElements(\"outdated\"))\n warning.hidden = false\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n combineLatest,\n delay,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n filter,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n share,\n shareReplay,\n startWith,\n take,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n getLocation,\n setToggle,\n watchElementFocus,\n watchToggle\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport {\n SearchMessageType,\n SearchQueryMessage,\n SearchWorker,\n defaultTransform,\n isSearchReadyMessage\n} from \"~/integrations\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search query\n */\nexport interface SearchQuery {\n value: string /* Query value */\n focus: boolean /* Query focus */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch search query\n *\n * Note that the focus event which triggers re-reading the current query value\n * is delayed by `1ms` so the input's empty state is allowed to propagate.\n *\n * @param el - Search query element\n * @param worker - Search worker\n *\n * @returns Search query observable\n */\nexport function watchSearchQuery(\n el: HTMLInputElement, { rx$ }: SearchWorker\n): Observable {\n const fn = __search?.transform || defaultTransform\n\n /* Immediately show search dialog */\n const { searchParams } = getLocation()\n if (searchParams.has(\"q\"))\n setToggle(\"search\", true)\n\n /* Intercept query parameter (deep link) */\n const param$ = rx$\n .pipe(\n filter(isSearchReadyMessage),\n take(1),\n map(() => searchParams.get(\"q\") || \"\")\n )\n\n /* Remove query parameter when search is closed */\n watchToggle(\"search\")\n .pipe(\n filter(active => !active),\n take(1)\n )\n .subscribe(() => {\n const url = new URL(location.href)\n url.searchParams.delete(\"q\")\n history.replaceState({}, \"\", `${url}`)\n })\n\n /* Set query from parameter */\n param$.subscribe(value => { // TODO: not ideal - find a better way\n if (value) {\n el.value = value\n el.focus()\n }\n })\n\n /* Intercept focus and input events */\n const focus$ = watchElementFocus(el)\n const value$ = merge(\n fromEvent(el, \"keyup\"),\n fromEvent(el, \"focus\").pipe(delay(1)),\n param$\n )\n .pipe(\n map(() => fn(el.value)),\n startWith(\"\"),\n distinctUntilChanged(),\n )\n\n /* Combine into single observable */\n return combineLatest([value$, focus$])\n .pipe(\n map(([value, focus]) => ({ value, focus })),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount search query\n *\n * @param el - Search query element\n * @param worker - Search worker\n *\n * @returns Search query component observable\n */\nexport function mountSearchQuery(\n el: HTMLInputElement, { tx$, rx$ }: SearchWorker\n): Observable> {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n const done$ = push$.pipe(takeLast(1))\n\n /* Handle value changes */\n push$\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"value\"),\n map(({ value }): SearchQueryMessage => ({\n type: SearchMessageType.QUERY,\n data: value\n }))\n )\n .subscribe(tx$.next.bind(tx$))\n\n /* Handle focus changes */\n push$\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"focus\")\n )\n .subscribe(({ focus }) => {\n if (focus) {\n setToggle(\"search\", focus)\n el.placeholder = \"\"\n } else {\n el.placeholder = translation(\"search.placeholder\")\n }\n })\n\n /* Handle reset */\n fromEvent(el.form!, \"reset\")\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$)\n )\n .subscribe(() => el.focus())\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchSearchQuery(el, { tx$, rx$ })\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state })),\n share()\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n bufferCount,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n merge,\n of,\n skipUntil,\n switchMap,\n take,\n tap,\n withLatestFrom,\n zipWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { translation } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n getElement,\n watchElementBoundary\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport {\n SearchResult,\n SearchWorker,\n isSearchReadyMessage,\n isSearchResultMessage\n} from \"~/integrations\"\nimport { renderSearchResultItem } from \"~/templates\"\nimport { round } from \"~/utilities\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\nimport { SearchQuery } from \"../query\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n query$: Observable /* Search query observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount search result list\n *\n * This function performs a lazy rendering of the search results, depending on\n * the vertical offset of the search result container.\n *\n * @param el - Search result list element\n * @param worker - Search worker\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Search result list component observable\n */\nexport function mountSearchResult(\n el: HTMLElement, { rx$ }: SearchWorker, { query$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n const boundary$ = watchElementBoundary(el.parentElement!)\n .pipe(\n filter(Boolean)\n )\n\n /* Retrieve nested components */\n const meta = getElement(\":scope > :first-child\", el)\n const list = getElement(\":scope > :last-child\", el)\n\n /* Wait until search is ready */\n const ready$ = rx$\n .pipe(\n filter(isSearchReadyMessage),\n take(1)\n )\n\n /* Update search result metadata */\n push$\n .pipe(\n withLatestFrom(query$),\n skipUntil(ready$)\n )\n .subscribe(([{ items }, { value }]) => {\n if (value) {\n switch (items.length) {\n\n /* No results */\n case 0:\n meta.textContent = translation(\"search.result.none\")\n break\n\n /* One result */\n case 1:\n meta.textContent = translation(\"search.result.one\")\n break\n\n /* Multiple result */\n default:\n meta.textContent = translation(\n \"search.result.other\",\n round(items.length)\n )\n }\n } else {\n meta.textContent = translation(\"search.result.placeholder\")\n }\n })\n\n /* Update search result list */\n push$\n .pipe(\n tap(() => list.innerHTML = \"\"),\n switchMap(({ items }) => merge(\n of(...items.slice(0, 10)),\n of(...items.slice(10))\n .pipe(\n bufferCount(4),\n zipWith(boundary$),\n switchMap(([chunk]) => chunk)\n )\n ))\n )\n .subscribe(result => list.appendChild(\n renderSearchResultItem(result)\n ))\n\n /* Filter search result message */\n const result$ = rx$\n .pipe(\n filter(isSearchResultMessage),\n map(({ data }) => data)\n )\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return result$\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getLocation } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\nimport { SearchQuery } from \"../query\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search sharing\n */\nexport interface SearchShare {\n url: URL /* Deep link for sharing */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n query$: Observable /* Search query observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n query$: Observable /* Search query observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount search sharing\n *\n * @param _el - Search sharing element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Search sharing observable\n */\nexport function watchSearchShare(\n _el: HTMLElement, { query$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n return query$\n .pipe(\n map(({ value }) => {\n const url = getLocation()\n url.hash = \"\"\n url.searchParams.delete(\"h\")\n url.searchParams.set(\"q\", value)\n return { url }\n })\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount search sharing\n *\n * @param el - Search sharing element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Search sharing component observable\n */\nexport function mountSearchShare(\n el: HTMLAnchorElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe(({ url }) => {\n el.setAttribute(\"data-clipboard-text\", el.href)\n el.href = `${url}`\n })\n\n /* Prevent following of link */\n fromEvent(el, \"click\")\n .subscribe(ev => ev.preventDefault())\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchSearchShare(el, options)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n asyncScheduler,\n combineLatestWith,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n filter,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n merge,\n observeOn,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { Keyboard } from \"~/browser\"\nimport {\n SearchResult,\n SearchWorker,\n isSearchResultMessage\n} from \"~/integrations\"\n\nimport { Component, getComponentElement } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search suggestions\n */\nexport interface SearchSuggest {}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n keyboard$: Observable /* Keyboard observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount search suggestions\n *\n * This function will perform a lazy rendering of the search results, depending\n * on the vertical offset of the search result container.\n *\n * @param el - Search result list element\n * @param worker - Search worker\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Search result list component observable\n */\nexport function mountSearchSuggest(\n el: HTMLElement, { rx$ }: SearchWorker, { keyboard$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n\n /* Retrieve query component and track all changes */\n const query = getComponentElement(\"search-query\")\n const query$ = merge(\n fromEvent(query, \"keydown\"),\n fromEvent(query, \"focus\")\n )\n .pipe(\n observeOn(asyncScheduler),\n map(() => query.value),\n distinctUntilChanged(),\n )\n\n /* Update search suggestions */\n push$\n .pipe(\n combineLatestWith(query$),\n map(([{ suggestions }, value]) => {\n const words = value.split(/([\\s-]+)/)\n if (suggestions?.length && words[words.length - 1]) {\n const last = suggestions[suggestions.length - 1]\n if (last.startsWith(words[words.length - 1]))\n words[words.length - 1] = last\n } else {\n words.length = 0\n }\n return words\n })\n )\n .subscribe(words => el.innerHTML = words\n .join(\"\")\n .replace(/\\s/g, \" \")\n )\n\n /* Set up search keyboard handlers */\n keyboard$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ mode }) => mode === \"search\")\n )\n .subscribe(key => {\n switch (key.type) {\n\n /* Right arrow: accept current suggestion */\n case \"ArrowRight\":\n if (\n el.innerText.length &&\n query.selectionStart === query.value.length\n )\n query.value = el.innerText\n break\n }\n })\n\n /* Filter search result message */\n const result$ = rx$\n .pipe(\n filter(isSearchResultMessage),\n map(({ data }) => data)\n )\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return result$\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(() => ({ ref: el }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n NEVER,\n Observable,\n ObservableInput,\n filter,\n merge,\n mergeWith,\n sample,\n take\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n Keyboard,\n getActiveElement,\n getElements,\n setToggle\n} from \"~/browser\"\nimport {\n SearchIndex,\n SearchResult,\n isSearchQueryMessage,\n isSearchReadyMessage,\n setupSearchWorker\n} from \"~/integrations\"\n\nimport {\n Component,\n getComponentElement,\n getComponentElements\n} from \"../../_\"\nimport {\n SearchQuery,\n mountSearchQuery\n} from \"../query\"\nimport { mountSearchResult } from \"../result\"\nimport {\n SearchShare,\n mountSearchShare\n} from \"../share\"\nimport {\n SearchSuggest,\n mountSearchSuggest\n} from \"../suggest\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search\n */\nexport type Search =\n | SearchQuery\n | SearchResult\n | SearchShare\n | SearchSuggest\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n index$: ObservableInput /* Search index observable */\n keyboard$: Observable /* Keyboard observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount search\n *\n * This function sets up the search functionality, including the underlying\n * web worker and all keyboard bindings.\n *\n * @param el - Search element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Search component observable\n */\nexport function mountSearch(\n el: HTMLElement, { index$, keyboard$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const config = configuration()\n try {\n const url = __search?.worker || config.search\n const worker = setupSearchWorker(url, index$)\n\n /* Retrieve query and result components */\n const query = getComponentElement(\"search-query\", el)\n const result = getComponentElement(\"search-result\", el)\n\n /* Re-emit query when search is ready */\n const { tx$, rx$ } = worker\n tx$\n .pipe(\n filter(isSearchQueryMessage),\n sample(rx$.pipe(filter(isSearchReadyMessage))),\n take(1)\n )\n .subscribe(tx$.next.bind(tx$))\n\n /* Set up search keyboard handlers */\n keyboard$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ mode }) => mode === \"search\")\n )\n .subscribe(key => {\n const active = getActiveElement()\n switch (key.type) {\n\n /* Enter: go to first (best) result */\n case \"Enter\":\n if (active === query) {\n const anchors = new Map()\n for (const anchor of getElements(\n \":first-child [href]\", result\n )) {\n const article = anchor.firstElementChild!\n anchors.set(anchor, parseFloat(\n article.getAttribute(\"data-md-score\")!\n ))\n }\n\n /* Go to result with highest score, if any */\n if (anchors.size) {\n const [[best]] = [...anchors].sort(([, a], [, b]) => b - a)\n best.click()\n }\n\n /* Otherwise omit form submission */\n key.claim()\n }\n break\n\n /* Escape or Tab: close search */\n case \"Escape\":\n case \"Tab\":\n setToggle(\"search\", false)\n query.blur()\n break\n\n /* Vertical arrows: select previous or next search result */\n case \"ArrowUp\":\n case \"ArrowDown\":\n if (typeof active === \"undefined\") {\n query.focus()\n } else {\n const els = [query, ...getElements(\n \":not(details) > [href], summary, details[open] [href]\",\n result\n )]\n const i = Math.max(0, (\n Math.max(0, els.indexOf(active)) + els.length + (\n key.type === \"ArrowUp\" ? -1 : +1\n )\n ) % els.length)\n els[i].focus()\n }\n\n /* Prevent scrolling of page */\n key.claim()\n break\n\n /* All other keys: hand to search query */\n default:\n if (query !== getActiveElement())\n query.focus()\n }\n })\n\n /* Set up global keyboard handlers */\n keyboard$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ mode }) => mode === \"global\"),\n )\n .subscribe(key => {\n switch (key.type) {\n\n /* Open search and select query */\n case \"f\":\n case \"s\":\n case \"/\":\n query.focus()\n query.select()\n\n /* Prevent scrolling of page */\n key.claim()\n break\n }\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n const query$ = mountSearchQuery(query, worker)\n const result$ = mountSearchResult(result, worker, { query$ })\n return merge(query$, result$)\n .pipe(\n mergeWith(\n\n /* Search sharing */\n ...getComponentElements(\"search-share\", el)\n .map(child => mountSearchShare(child, { query$ })),\n\n /* Search suggestions */\n ...getComponentElements(\"search-suggest\", el)\n .map(child => mountSearchSuggest(child, worker, { keyboard$ }))\n )\n )\n\n /* Gracefully handle broken search */\n } catch (err) {\n el.hidden = true\n return NEVER\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n ObservableInput,\n combineLatest,\n filter,\n map,\n startWith\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getLocation } from \"~/browser\"\nimport {\n SearchIndex,\n setupSearchHighlighter\n} from \"~/integrations\"\nimport { h } from \"~/utilities\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search highlighting\n */\nexport interface SearchHighlight {\n nodes: Map /* Map of replacements */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n index$: ObservableInput /* Search index observable */\n location$: Observable /* Location observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount search highlighting\n *\n * @param el - Content element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Search highlighting component observable\n */\nexport function mountSearchHiglight(\n el: HTMLElement, { index$, location$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return combineLatest([\n index$,\n location$\n .pipe(\n startWith(getLocation()),\n filter(url => !!url.searchParams.get(\"h\"))\n )\n ])\n .pipe(\n map(([index, url]) => setupSearchHighlighter(index.config, true)(\n url.searchParams.get(\"h\")!\n )),\n map(fn => {\n const nodes = new Map()\n\n /* Traverse text nodes and collect matches */\n const it = document.createNodeIterator(el, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT)\n for (let node = it.nextNode(); node; node = it.nextNode()) {\n if (node.parentElement?.offsetHeight) {\n const original = node.textContent!\n const replaced = fn(original)\n if (replaced.length > original.length)\n nodes.set(node as ChildNode, replaced)\n }\n }\n\n /* Replace original nodes with matches */\n for (const [node, text] of nodes) {\n const { childNodes } = h(\"span\", null, text)\n node.replaceWith(...Array.from(childNodes))\n }\n\n /* Return component */\n return { ref: el, nodes }\n })\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n animationFrameScheduler,\n auditTime,\n combineLatest,\n defer,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n finalize,\n map,\n observeOn,\n take,\n tap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n Viewport,\n getElement,\n getElementContainer,\n getElementOffset,\n getElementSize,\n getElements\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\nimport { Header } from \"../header\"\nimport { Main } from \"../main\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Sidebar\n */\nexport interface Sidebar {\n height: number /* Sidebar height */\n locked: boolean /* Sidebar is locked */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n main$: Observable
    /* Main area observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n main$: Observable
    /* Main area observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch sidebar\n *\n * This function returns an observable that computes the visual parameters of\n * the sidebar which depends on the vertical viewport offset, as well as the\n * height of the main area. When the page is scrolled beyond the header, the\n * sidebar is locked and fills the remaining space.\n *\n * @param el - Sidebar element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Sidebar observable\n */\nexport function watchSidebar(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, main$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n const parent = el.parentElement!\n const adjust =\n parent.offsetTop -\n parent.parentElement!.offsetTop\n\n /* Compute the sidebar's available height and if it should be locked */\n return combineLatest([main$, viewport$])\n .pipe(\n map(([{ offset, height }, { offset: { y } }]) => {\n height = height\n + Math.min(adjust, Math.max(0, y - offset))\n - adjust\n return {\n height,\n locked: y >= offset + adjust\n }\n }),\n distinctUntilChanged((a, b) => (\n a.height === b.height &&\n a.locked === b.locked\n ))\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount sidebar\n *\n * This function doesn't set the height of the actual sidebar, but of its first\n * child \u2013 the `.md-sidebar__scrollwrap` element in order to mitigiate jittery\n * sidebars when the footer is scrolled into view. At some point we switched\n * from `absolute` / `fixed` positioning to `sticky` positioning, significantly\n * reducing jitter in some browsers (respectively Firefox and Safari) when\n * scrolling from the top. However, top-aligned sticky positioning means that\n * the sidebar snaps to the bottom when the end of the container is reached.\n * This is what leads to the mentioned jitter, as the sidebar's height may be\n * updated too slowly.\n *\n * This behaviour can be mitigiated by setting the height of the sidebar to `0`\n * while preserving the padding, and the height on its first element.\n *\n * @param el - Sidebar element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Sidebar component observable\n */\nexport function mountSidebar(\n el: HTMLElement, { header$, ...options }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const inner = getElement(\".md-sidebar__scrollwrap\", el)\n const { y } = getElementOffset(inner)\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$\n .pipe(\n auditTime(0, animationFrameScheduler),\n withLatestFrom(header$)\n )\n .subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next([{ height }, { height: offset }]) {\n inner.style.height = `${height - 2 * y}px`\n el.style.top = `${offset}px`\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n inner.style.height = \"\"\n el.style.top = \"\"\n }\n })\n\n /* Bring active item into view on initial load */\n push$\n .pipe(\n observeOn(animationFrameScheduler),\n take(1)\n )\n .subscribe(() => {\n for (const item of getElements(\".md-nav__link--active[href]\", el)) {\n const container = getElementContainer(item)\n if (typeof container !== \"undefined\") {\n const offset = item.offsetTop - container.offsetTop\n const { height } = getElementSize(container)\n container.scrollTo({\n top: offset - height / 2\n })\n }\n }\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchSidebar(el, options)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { Repo, User } from \"github-types\"\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n catchError,\n defaultIfEmpty,\n map,\n zip\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { requestJSON } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { SourceFacts } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * GitHub release (partial)\n */\ninterface Release {\n tag_name: string /* Tag name */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch GitHub repository facts\n *\n * @param user - GitHub user or organization\n * @param repo - GitHub repository\n *\n * @returns Repository facts observable\n */\nexport function fetchSourceFactsFromGitHub(\n user: string, repo?: string\n): Observable {\n if (typeof repo !== \"undefined\") {\n const url = `https://api.github.com/repos/${user}/${repo}`\n return zip(\n\n /* Fetch version */\n requestJSON(`${url}/releases/latest`)\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => EMPTY), // @todo refactor instant loading\n map(release => ({\n version: release.tag_name\n })),\n defaultIfEmpty({})\n ),\n\n /* Fetch stars and forks */\n requestJSON(url)\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => EMPTY), // @todo refactor instant loading\n map(info => ({\n stars: info.stargazers_count,\n forks: info.forks_count\n })),\n defaultIfEmpty({})\n )\n )\n .pipe(\n map(([release, info]) => ({ ...release, ...info }))\n )\n\n /* User or organization */\n } else {\n const url = `https://api.github.com/users/${user}`\n return requestJSON(url)\n .pipe(\n map(info => ({\n repositories: info.public_repos\n })),\n defaultIfEmpty({})\n )\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { ProjectSchema } from \"gitlab\"\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n catchError,\n defaultIfEmpty,\n map\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { requestJSON } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { SourceFacts } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch GitLab repository facts\n *\n * @param base - GitLab base\n * @param project - GitLab project\n *\n * @returns Repository facts observable\n */\nexport function fetchSourceFactsFromGitLab(\n base: string, project: string\n): Observable {\n const url = `https://${base}/api/v4/projects/${encodeURIComponent(project)}`\n return requestJSON(url)\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => EMPTY), // @todo refactor instant loading\n map(({ star_count, forks_count }) => ({\n stars: star_count,\n forks: forks_count\n })),\n defaultIfEmpty({})\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport { EMPTY, Observable } from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { fetchSourceFactsFromGitHub } from \"../github\"\nimport { fetchSourceFactsFromGitLab } from \"../gitlab\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Repository facts for repositories\n */\nexport interface RepositoryFacts {\n stars?: number /* Number of stars */\n forks?: number /* Number of forks */\n version?: string /* Latest version */\n}\n\n/**\n * Repository facts for organizations\n */\nexport interface OrganizationFacts {\n repositories?: number /* Number of repositories */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Repository facts\n */\nexport type SourceFacts =\n | RepositoryFacts\n | OrganizationFacts\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch repository facts\n *\n * @param url - Repository URL\n *\n * @returns Repository facts observable\n */\nexport function fetchSourceFacts(\n url: string\n): Observable {\n\n /* Try to match GitHub repository */\n let match = url.match(/^.+github\\.com\\/([^/]+)\\/?([^/]+)?/i)\n if (match) {\n const [, user, repo] = match\n return fetchSourceFactsFromGitHub(user, repo)\n }\n\n /* Try to match GitLab repository */\n match = url.match(/^.+?([^/]*gitlab[^/]+)\\/(.+?)\\/?$/i)\n if (match) {\n const [, base, slug] = match\n return fetchSourceFactsFromGitLab(base, slug)\n }\n\n /* Fallback */\n return EMPTY\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n catchError,\n defer,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n of,\n shareReplay,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getElement } from \"~/browser\"\nimport { ConsentDefaults } from \"~/components/consent\"\nimport { renderSourceFacts } from \"~/templates\"\n\nimport {\n Component,\n getComponentElements\n} from \"../../_\"\nimport {\n SourceFacts,\n fetchSourceFacts\n} from \"../facts\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Repository information\n */\nexport interface Source {\n facts: SourceFacts /* Repository facts */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Repository information observable\n */\nlet fetch$: Observable\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch repository information\n *\n * This function tries to read the repository facts from session storage, and\n * if unsuccessful, fetches them from the underlying provider.\n *\n * @param el - Repository information element\n *\n * @returns Repository information observable\n */\nexport function watchSource(\n el: HTMLAnchorElement\n): Observable {\n return fetch$ ||= defer(() => {\n const cached = __md_get(\"__source\", sessionStorage)\n if (cached) {\n return of(cached)\n } else {\n\n /* Check if consent is configured and was given */\n const els = getComponentElements(\"consent\")\n if (els.length) {\n const consent = __md_get(\"__consent\")\n if (!(consent && consent.github))\n return EMPTY\n }\n\n /* Fetch repository facts */\n return fetchSourceFacts(el.href)\n .pipe(\n tap(facts => __md_set(\"__source\", facts, sessionStorage))\n )\n }\n })\n .pipe(\n catchError(() => EMPTY),\n filter(facts => Object.keys(facts).length > 0),\n map(facts => ({ facts })),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount repository information\n *\n * @param el - Repository information element\n *\n * @returns Repository information component observable\n */\nexport function mountSource(\n el: HTMLAnchorElement\n): Observable> {\n const inner = getElement(\":scope > :last-child\", el)\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe(({ facts }) => {\n inner.appendChild(renderSourceFacts(facts))\n inner.classList.add(\"md-source__repository--active\")\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchSource(el)\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n finalize,\n map,\n of,\n switchMap,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n Viewport,\n watchElementSize,\n watchViewportAt\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\nimport { Header } from \"../header\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Navigation tabs\n */\nexport interface Tabs {\n hidden: boolean /* Navigation tabs are hidden */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch navigation tabs\n *\n * @param el - Navigation tabs element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Navigation tabs observable\n */\nexport function watchTabs(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n return watchElementSize(document.body)\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => watchViewportAt(el, { header$, viewport$ })),\n map(({ offset: { y } }) => {\n return {\n hidden: y >= 10\n }\n }),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"hidden\")\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount navigation tabs\n *\n * This function hides the navigation tabs when scrolling past the threshold\n * and makes them reappear in a nice CSS animation when scrolling back up.\n *\n * @param el - Navigation tabs element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Navigation tabs component observable\n */\nexport function mountTabs(\n el: HTMLElement, options: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n push$.subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next({ hidden }) {\n el.hidden = hidden\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n el.hidden = false\n }\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return (\n feature(\"navigation.tabs.sticky\")\n ? of({ hidden: false })\n : watchTabs(el, options)\n )\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n bufferCount,\n combineLatestWith,\n debounceTime,\n defer,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n filter,\n finalize,\n map,\n merge,\n of,\n repeat,\n scan,\n share,\n skip,\n startWith,\n switchMap,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil,\n tap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { feature } from \"~/_\"\nimport {\n Viewport,\n getElement,\n getElementContainer,\n getElementSize,\n getElements,\n getLocation,\n getOptionalElement,\n watchElementSize\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport {\n Component,\n getComponentElement\n} from \"../_\"\nimport { Header } from \"../header\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Table of contents\n */\nexport interface TableOfContents {\n prev: HTMLAnchorElement[][] /* Anchors (previous) */\n next: HTMLAnchorElement[][] /* Anchors (next) */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch table of contents\n *\n * This is effectively a scroll spy implementation which will account for the\n * fixed header and automatically re-calculate anchor offsets when the viewport\n * is resized. The returned observable will only emit if the table of contents\n * needs to be repainted.\n *\n * This implementation tracks an anchor element's entire path starting from its\n * level up to the top-most anchor element, e.g. `[h3, h2, h1]`. Although the\n * Material theme currently doesn't make use of this information, it enables\n * the styling of the entire hierarchy through customization.\n *\n * Note that the current anchor is the last item of the `prev` anchor list.\n *\n * @param el - Table of contents element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Table of contents observable\n */\nexport function watchTableOfContents(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n const table = new Map()\n\n /* Compute anchor-to-target mapping */\n const anchors = getElements(\"[href^=\\\\#]\", el)\n for (const anchor of anchors) {\n const id = decodeURIComponent(anchor.hash.substring(1))\n const target = getOptionalElement(`[id=\"${id}\"]`)\n if (typeof target !== \"undefined\")\n table.set(anchor, target)\n }\n\n /* Compute necessary adjustment for header */\n const adjust$ = header$\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"height\"),\n map(({ height }) => {\n const main = getComponentElement(\"main\")\n const grid = getElement(\":scope > :first-child\", main)\n return height + 0.8 * (\n grid.offsetTop -\n main.offsetTop\n )\n }),\n share()\n )\n\n /* Compute partition of previous and next anchors */\n const partition$ = watchElementSize(document.body)\n .pipe(\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"height\"),\n\n /* Build index to map anchor paths to vertical offsets */\n switchMap(body => defer(() => {\n let path: HTMLAnchorElement[] = []\n return of([...table].reduce((index, [anchor, target]) => {\n while (path.length) {\n const last = table.get(path[path.length - 1])!\n if (last.tagName >= target.tagName) {\n path.pop()\n } else {\n break\n }\n }\n\n /* If the current anchor is hidden, continue with its parent */\n let offset = target.offsetTop\n while (!offset && target.parentElement) {\n target = target.parentElement\n offset = target.offsetTop\n }\n\n /* Map reversed anchor path to vertical offset */\n return index.set(\n [...path = [...path, anchor]].reverse(),\n offset\n )\n }, new Map()))\n })\n .pipe(\n\n /* Sort index by vertical offset (see https://bit.ly/30z6QSO) */\n map(index => new Map([...index].sort(([, a], [, b]) => a - b))),\n combineLatestWith(adjust$),\n\n /* Re-compute partition when viewport offset changes */\n switchMap(([index, adjust]) => viewport$\n .pipe(\n scan(([prev, next], { offset: { y }, size }) => {\n const last = y + size.height >= Math.floor(body.height)\n\n /* Look forward */\n while (next.length) {\n const [, offset] = next[0]\n if (offset - adjust < y || last) {\n prev = [...prev, next.shift()!]\n } else {\n break\n }\n }\n\n /* Look backward */\n while (prev.length) {\n const [, offset] = prev[prev.length - 1]\n if (offset - adjust >= y && !last) {\n next = [prev.pop()!, ...next]\n } else {\n break\n }\n }\n\n /* Return partition */\n return [prev, next]\n }, [[], [...index]]),\n distinctUntilChanged((a, b) => (\n a[0] === b[0] &&\n a[1] === b[1]\n ))\n )\n )\n )\n )\n )\n\n /* Compute and return anchor list migrations */\n return partition$\n .pipe(\n map(([prev, next]) => ({\n prev: prev.map(([path]) => path),\n next: next.map(([path]) => path)\n })),\n\n /* Extract anchor list migrations */\n startWith({ prev: [], next: [] }),\n bufferCount(2, 1),\n map(([a, b]) => {\n\n /* Moving down */\n if (a.prev.length < b.prev.length) {\n return {\n prev: b.prev.slice(Math.max(0, a.prev.length - 1), b.prev.length),\n next: []\n }\n\n /* Moving up */\n } else {\n return {\n prev: b.prev.slice(-1),\n next: b.next.slice(0, b.next.length - a.next.length)\n }\n }\n })\n )\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount table of contents\n *\n * @param el - Table of contents element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Table of contents component observable\n */\nexport function mountTableOfContents(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$, target$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n return defer(() => {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n const done$ = push$.pipe(takeLast(1))\n push$.subscribe(({ prev, next }) => {\n\n /* Look forward */\n for (const [anchor] of next) {\n anchor.classList.remove(\"md-nav__link--passed\")\n anchor.classList.remove(\"md-nav__link--active\")\n }\n\n /* Look backward */\n for (const [index, [anchor]] of prev.entries()) {\n anchor.classList.add(\"md-nav__link--passed\")\n anchor.classList.toggle(\n \"md-nav__link--active\",\n index === prev.length - 1\n )\n }\n })\n\n /* Set up following, if enabled */\n if (feature(\"toc.follow\")) {\n\n /* Toggle smooth scrolling only for anchor clicks */\n const smooth$ = merge(\n viewport$.pipe(debounceTime(1), map(() => undefined)),\n viewport$.pipe(debounceTime(250), map(() => \"smooth\" as const))\n )\n\n /* Bring active anchor into view */\n push$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ prev }) => prev.length > 0),\n withLatestFrom(smooth$)\n )\n .subscribe(([{ prev }, behavior]) => {\n const [anchor] = prev[prev.length - 1]\n if (anchor.offsetHeight) {\n\n /* Retrieve overflowing container and scroll */\n const container = getElementContainer(anchor)\n if (typeof container !== \"undefined\") {\n const offset = anchor.offsetTop - container.offsetTop\n const { height } = getElementSize(container)\n container.scrollTo({\n top: offset - height / 2,\n behavior\n })\n }\n }\n })\n }\n\n /* Set up anchor tracking, if enabled */\n if (feature(\"navigation.tracking\"))\n viewport$\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"offset\"),\n debounceTime(250),\n skip(1),\n takeUntil(target$.pipe(skip(1))),\n repeat({ delay: 250 }),\n withLatestFrom(push$)\n )\n .subscribe(([, { prev }]) => {\n const url = getLocation()\n\n /* Set hash fragment to active anchor */\n const anchor = prev[prev.length - 1]\n if (anchor && anchor.length) {\n const [active] = anchor\n const { hash } = new URL(active.href)\n if (url.hash !== hash) {\n url.hash = hash\n history.replaceState({}, \"\", `${url}`)\n }\n\n /* Reset anchor when at the top */\n } else {\n url.hash = \"\"\n history.replaceState({}, \"\", `${url}`)\n }\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchTableOfContents(el, { viewport$, header$ })\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n Subject,\n bufferCount,\n combineLatest,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n distinctUntilKeyChanged,\n endWith,\n finalize,\n map,\n repeat,\n skip,\n takeLast,\n takeUntil,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { Viewport } from \"~/browser\"\n\nimport { Component } from \"../_\"\nimport { Header } from \"../header\"\nimport { Main } from \"../main\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Back-to-top button\n */\nexport interface BackToTop {\n hidden: boolean /* Back-to-top button is hidden */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch options\n */\ninterface WatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n main$: Observable
    /* Main area observable */\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n}\n\n/**\n * Mount options\n */\ninterface MountOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n header$: Observable
    /* Header observable */\n main$: Observable
    /* Main area observable */\n target$: Observable /* Location target observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Watch back-to-top\n *\n * @param _el - Back-to-top element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Back-to-top observable\n */\nexport function watchBackToTop(\n _el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, main$, target$ }: WatchOptions\n): Observable {\n\n /* Compute direction */\n const direction$ = viewport$\n .pipe(\n map(({ offset: { y } }) => y),\n bufferCount(2, 1),\n map(([a, b]) => a > b && b > 0),\n distinctUntilChanged()\n )\n\n /* Compute whether main area is active */\n const active$ = main$\n .pipe(\n map(({ active }) => active)\n )\n\n /* Compute threshold for hiding */\n return combineLatest([active$, direction$])\n .pipe(\n map(([active, direction]) => !(active && direction)),\n distinctUntilChanged(),\n takeUntil(target$.pipe(skip(1))),\n endWith(true),\n repeat({ delay: 250 }),\n map(hidden => ({ hidden }))\n )\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Mount back-to-top\n *\n * @param el - Back-to-top element\n * @param options - Options\n *\n * @returns Back-to-top component observable\n */\nexport function mountBackToTop(\n el: HTMLElement, { viewport$, header$, main$, target$ }: MountOptions\n): Observable> {\n const push$ = new Subject()\n const done$ = push$.pipe(takeLast(1))\n push$.subscribe({\n\n /* Handle emission */\n next({ hidden }) {\n el.hidden = hidden\n if (hidden) {\n el.setAttribute(\"tabindex\", \"-1\")\n el.blur()\n } else {\n el.removeAttribute(\"tabindex\")\n }\n },\n\n /* Handle complete */\n complete() {\n el.style.top = \"\"\n el.hidden = true\n el.removeAttribute(\"tabindex\")\n }\n })\n\n /* Watch header height */\n header$\n .pipe(\n takeUntil(done$),\n distinctUntilKeyChanged(\"height\")\n )\n .subscribe(({ height }) => {\n el.style.top = `${height + 16}px`\n })\n\n /* Create and return component */\n return watchBackToTop(el, { viewport$, main$, target$ })\n .pipe(\n tap(state => push$.next(state)),\n finalize(() => push$.complete()),\n map(state => ({ ref: el, ...state }))\n )\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n mergeMap,\n switchMap,\n takeWhile,\n tap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getElements } from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Patch options\n */\ninterface PatchOptions {\n document$: Observable /* Document observable */\n tablet$: Observable /* Media tablet observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Patch indeterminate checkboxes\n *\n * This function replaces the indeterminate \"pseudo state\" with the actual\n * indeterminate state, which is used to keep navigation always expanded.\n *\n * @param options - Options\n */\nexport function patchIndeterminate(\n { document$, tablet$ }: PatchOptions\n): void {\n document$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => getElements(\n // @todo `data-md-state` is deprecated and removed in v9\n \".md-toggle--indeterminate, [data-md-state=indeterminate]\"\n )),\n tap(el => {\n el.indeterminate = true\n el.checked = false\n }),\n mergeMap(el => fromEvent(el, \"change\")\n .pipe(\n takeWhile(() => el.classList.contains(\"md-toggle--indeterminate\")),\n map(() => el)\n )\n ),\n withLatestFrom(tablet$)\n )\n .subscribe(([el, tablet]) => {\n el.classList.remove(\"md-toggle--indeterminate\")\n if (tablet)\n el.checked = false\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n filter,\n fromEvent,\n map,\n mergeMap,\n switchMap,\n tap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { getElements } from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Patch options\n */\ninterface PatchOptions {\n document$: Observable /* Document observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Check whether the given device is an Apple device\n *\n * @returns Test result\n */\nfunction isAppleDevice(): boolean {\n return /(iPad|iPhone|iPod)/.test(navigator.userAgent)\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Patch all elements with `data-md-scrollfix` attributes\n *\n * This is a year-old patch which ensures that overflow scrolling works at the\n * top and bottom of containers on iOS by ensuring a `1px` scroll offset upon\n * the start of a touch event.\n *\n * @see https://bit.ly/2SCtAOO - Original source\n *\n * @param options - Options\n */\nexport function patchScrollfix(\n { document$ }: PatchOptions\n): void {\n document$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => getElements(\"[data-md-scrollfix]\")),\n tap(el => el.removeAttribute(\"data-md-scrollfix\")),\n filter(isAppleDevice),\n mergeMap(el => fromEvent(el, \"touchstart\")\n .pipe(\n map(() => el)\n )\n )\n )\n .subscribe(el => {\n const top = el.scrollTop\n\n /* We're at the top of the container */\n if (top === 0) {\n el.scrollTop = 1\n\n /* We're at the bottom of the container */\n } else if (top + el.offsetHeight === el.scrollHeight) {\n el.scrollTop = top - 1\n }\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n Observable,\n combineLatest,\n delay,\n map,\n of,\n switchMap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport {\n Viewport,\n watchToggle\n} from \"~/browser\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Patch options\n */\ninterface PatchOptions {\n viewport$: Observable /* Viewport observable */\n tablet$: Observable /* Media tablet observable */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Patch the document body to lock when search is open\n *\n * For mobile and tablet viewports, the search is rendered full screen, which\n * leads to scroll leaking when at the top or bottom of the search result. This\n * function locks the body when the search is in full screen mode, and restores\n * the scroll position when leaving.\n *\n * @param options - Options\n */\nexport function patchScrolllock(\n { viewport$, tablet$ }: PatchOptions\n): void {\n combineLatest([watchToggle(\"search\"), tablet$])\n .pipe(\n map(([active, tablet]) => active && !tablet),\n switchMap(active => of(active)\n .pipe(\n delay(active ? 400 : 100)\n )\n ),\n withLatestFrom(viewport$)\n )\n .subscribe(([active, { offset: { y }}]) => {\n if (active) {\n document.body.setAttribute(\"data-md-scrolllock\", \"\")\n document.body.style.top = `-${y}px`\n } else {\n const value = -1 * parseInt(document.body.style.top, 10)\n document.body.removeAttribute(\"data-md-scrolllock\")\n document.body.style.top = \"\"\n if (value)\n window.scrollTo(0, value)\n }\n })\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Polyfills\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* Polyfill `Object.entries` */\nif (!Object.entries)\n Object.entries = function (obj: object) {\n const data: [string, string][] = []\n for (const key of Object.keys(obj))\n // @ts-expect-error - ignore property access warning\n data.push([key, obj[key]])\n\n /* Return entries */\n return data\n }\n\n/* Polyfill `Object.values` */\nif (!Object.values)\n Object.values = function (obj: object) {\n const data: string[] = []\n for (const key of Object.keys(obj))\n // @ts-expect-error - ignore property access warning\n 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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n NEVER,\n ReplaySubject,\n delay,\n distinctUntilChanged,\n filter,\n finalize,\n fromEvent,\n interval,\n merge,\n mergeMap,\n of,\n repeat,\n switchMap,\n take,\n takeUntil,\n tap,\n withLatestFrom\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Script\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* Append container for instances */\nconst container = document.createElement(\"div\")\ndocument.body.appendChild(container)\n\n/* Append button next to palette toggle */\nconst header = document.querySelector(\".md-header__option\")\nif (header) {\n const button = document.createElement(\"button\")\n 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nu når og også om op os over på selv sig sin sine sit skal skulle som sådan thi til ud under var vi vil ville vor være været".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.da.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-da")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.de.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.de.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3b5c10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.de.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/*! + * Lunr languages, `German` language + * https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages + * + * Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ +/*! + * based on + * Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3 + * http://code.google.com/p/urim/ + * http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. 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andere anderem anderen anderer anderes anderm andern anderr anders auch auf aus bei bin bis bist da damit dann das dasselbe dazu daß dein deine deinem deinen deiner deines dem demselben den denn denselben der derer derselbe derselben des desselben dessen dich die dies diese dieselbe dieselben diesem diesen dieser dieses dir doch dort du durch ein eine einem einen einer eines einig einige einigem einigen einiger einiges einmal er es etwas euch euer eure eurem euren eurer eures für gegen gewesen hab habe haben hat hatte hatten hier hin hinter ich ihm ihn ihnen ihr ihre ihrem ihren ihrer ihres im in indem ins ist jede jedem jeden jeder jedes jene jenem jenen jener jenes jetzt kann kein keine keinem keinen keiner keines können könnte machen man manche manchem manchen mancher manches mein meine meinem meinen meiner meines mich mir mit muss musste nach nicht nichts noch nun nur ob oder ohne sehr sein seine seinem seinen seiner seines selbst sich sie sind so solche solchem solchen solcher solches soll sollte sondern sonst um und uns unse unsem unsen unser unses unter viel vom von vor war waren warst was weg weil weiter welche welchem welchen welcher welches wenn werde werden wie wieder will wir wird wirst wo wollen wollte während würde würden zu zum zur zwar zwischen über".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.de.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-de")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.du.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.du.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49a0f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.du.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/*! + * Lunr languages, `Dutch` language + * https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages + * + * Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ +/*! + * based on + * Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3 + * http://code.google.com/p/urim/ + * http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. 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r("",-1,6),new r("á",0,1),new r("ä",0,1),new r("é",0,2),new r("ë",0,2),new r("í",0,3),new r("ï",0,3),new r("ó",0,4),new r("ö",0,4),new r("ú",0,5),new r("ü",0,5)],p=[new r("",-1,3),new r("I",0,2),new r("Y",0,1)],g=[new r("dd",-1,-1),new r("kk",-1,-1),new r("tt",-1,-1)],h=[new r("ene",-1,2),new r("se",-1,3),new r("en",-1,2),new r("heden",2,1),new r("s",-1,3)],k=[new r("end",-1,1),new r("ig",-1,2),new r("ing",-1,1),new r("lijk",-1,3),new r("baar",-1,4),new r("bar",-1,5)],v=[new r("aa",-1,-1),new r("ee",-1,-1),new r("oo",-1,-1),new r("uu",-1,-1)],q=[17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,128],j=[1,0,0,17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,128],z=[17,67,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,128],C=new i;this.setCurrent=function(e){C.setCurrent(e)},this.getCurrent=function(){return C.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var r=C.cursor;return e(),C.cursor=r,o(),C.limit_backward=r,C.cursor=C.limit,d(),C.cursor=C.limit_backward,s(),!0}};return function(e){return"function"==typeof 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b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.es.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/*! + * Lunr languages, `Spanish` language + * https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages + * + * Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ +/*! + * based on + * Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3 + * http://code.google.com/p/urim/ + * http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(e,s){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(s):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=s():s()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. 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index 0000000..29f5dfc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.fi.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/*! + * Lunr languages, `Finnish` language + * https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages + * + * Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ +/*! + * based on + * Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3 + * http://code.google.com/p/urim/ + * http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(i,e){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=e():e()(i.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(i){if(void 0===i)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. 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keressünk keresztül ki kívül között közül legalább legyen lehet lehetett lenne lenni lesz lett maga magát majd majd meg mellett mely melyek mert mi mikor milyen minden mindenki mindent mindig mint mintha mit mivel miért most már más másik még míg nagy nagyobb nagyon ne nekem neki nem nincs néha néhány nélkül olyan ott pedig persze rá s saját sem semmi sok sokat sokkal szemben szerint szinte számára talán tehát teljes tovább továbbá több ugyanis utolsó után utána vagy vagyis vagyok valaki valami valamint való van vannak vele vissza viszont volna volt voltak voltam voltunk által általában át én éppen és így õ õk õket össze úgy új újabb újra".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hu.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-hu")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.it.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.it.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..344b6a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.it.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/*! + * Lunr languages, `Italian` language + * https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages + * + * Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ +/*! + * based on + * Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3 + * http://code.google.com/p/urim/ + * http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. 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sarò se sei si sia siamo siano siate siete sono sta stai stando stanno starai staranno starebbe starebbero starei staremmo staremo stareste staresti starete starà starò stava stavamo stavano stavate stavi stavo stemmo stesse stessero stessi stessimo steste stesti stette stettero stetti stia stiamo stiano stiate sto su sua sue sugl sugli sui sul sull sulla sulle sullo suo suoi ti tra tu tua tue tuo tuoi tutti tutto un una uno vi voi vostra vostre vostri vostro è".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.it.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-it")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.ja.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.ja.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f254eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.ja.min.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new 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i;this.setCurrent=function(r){C.setCurrent(r)},this.getCurrent=function(){return C.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var e=C.cursor;return r(),C.cursor=e,o(),C.limit_backward=e,C.cursor=C.limit,f(),C.cursor=C.limit_backward,s(),!0}};return function(r){return"function"==typeof r.update?r.update(function(r){return n.setCurrent(r),n.stem(),n.getCurrent()}):(n.setCurrent(r),n.stem(),n.getCurrent())}}(),r.Pipeline.registerFunction(r.nl.stemmer,"stemmer-nl"),r.nl.stopWordFilter=r.generateStopWordFilter(" aan al alles als altijd andere ben bij daar dan dat de der deze die dit doch doen door dus een eens en er ge geen geweest haar had heb hebben heeft hem het hier hij hoe hun iemand iets ik in is ja je kan kon kunnen maar me meer men met mij mijn moet na naar niet niets nog nu of om omdat onder ons ook op over reeds te tegen toch toen tot u uit uw van veel voor want waren was wat werd wezen wie wil worden wordt zal ze zelf zich zij zijn zo zonder zou".split(" 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dă ea ei el ele eram este eu eşti face fata fi fie fiecare fii fim fiu fiţi frumos fără graţie halbă iar ieri la le li lor lui lângă lîngă mai mea mei mele mereu meu mi mie mine mult multă mulţi mulţumesc mâine mîine mă ne nevoie nici nicăieri nimeni nimeri nimic nişte noastre noastră noi noroc nostru nouă noştri nu opt ori oricare orice oricine oricum oricând oricât oricînd oricît oriunde patra patru patrulea pe pentru peste pic poate pot prea prima primul prin puţin puţina puţină până pînă rog sa sale sau se spate spre sub sunt suntem sunteţi sută sînt sîntem sînteţi să săi său ta tale te timp tine toate toată tot totuşi toţi trei treia treilea tu tăi tău un una unde undeva unei uneia unele uneori unii unor unora unu unui unuia unul vi voastre voastră voi vostru vouă voştri vreme vreo vreun vă zece zero zi zice îi îl îmi împotriva în înainte înaintea încotro încât încît între întrucât întrucît îţi ăla ălea ăsta ăstea ăştia şapte şase şi ştiu ţi ţie".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ro.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-ro")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.ru.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.ru.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..186cc48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.ru.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/*! + * Lunr languages, `Russian` language + * https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages + * + * Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ +/*! + * based on + * Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3 + * http://code.google.com/p/urim/ + * http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(e,n){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(n):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=n():n()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. 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http://snowball.tartarus.org/ + * + * Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko + * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/ + */ + +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. 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i=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;if(d())Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del();else if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i,m())Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K());else if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i,!K())return!1;return!0}function N(r){if(Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!z()&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,!b()))return!1;var i=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;return!(!m()&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i,!d()))&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K()),!0)}function O(){var r,i=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;return Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!(!w()&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i,!v()))&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),r=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!(!W()||(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),!K()))||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!(a()||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,m()||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,K())))||(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K()),!0)))}function Q(){var r,i,e=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;if(Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!p()&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,!f()&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,!_())))return!1;if(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,r=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor,a())Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),i=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i);else if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,!W())return!0;return Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,K(),!0}function R(){var r,i,e=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;if(Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W())return Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),void K();if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,q())if(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),r=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,d())Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del();else{if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!a()&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,!m())){if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,!W())return;if(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),!K())return}Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K())}else if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,!M(e)&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,!N(e))){if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,y())return Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,i=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor,void(a()?(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K())):(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i,W()?(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K()):(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-i,K())));if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,!O()){if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,d())return Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,void Dr.slice_del();Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,K()||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,Q()||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,(a()||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-e,m()))&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,W()&&(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,Dr.slice_del(),K()))))}}}function U(){var r;if(Dr.ket=Dr.cursor,r=Dr.find_among_b(Sr,4))switch(Dr.bra=Dr.cursor,r){case 1:Dr.slice_from("p");break;case 2:Dr.slice_from("ç");break;case 3:Dr.slice_from("t");break;case 4:Dr.slice_from("k")}}function V(){for(;;){var r=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;if(Dr.in_grouping_b(Wr,97,305)){Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r;break}if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,Dr.cursor<=Dr.limit_backward)return!1;Dr.cursor--}return!0}function X(r,i,e){if(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,V()){var n=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;if(!Dr.eq_s_b(1,i)&&(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-n,!Dr.eq_s_b(1,e)))return!0;Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r;var t=Dr.cursor;return Dr.insert(Dr.cursor,Dr.cursor,e),Dr.cursor=t,!1}return!0}function Y(){var r=Dr.limit-Dr.cursor;(Dr.eq_s_b(1,"d")||(Dr.cursor=Dr.limit-r,Dr.eq_s_b(1,"g")))&&X(r,"a","ı")&&X(r,"e","i")&&X(r,"o","u")&&X(r,"ö","ü")}function $(){for(var r,i=Dr.cursor,e=2;;){for(r=Dr.cursor;!Dr.in_grouping(Wr,97,305);){if(Dr.cursor>=Dr.limit)return Dr.cursor=r,!(e>0)&&(Dr.cursor=i,!0);Dr.cursor++}e--}}function rr(r,i,e){for(;!Dr.eq_s(i,e);){if(Dr.cursor>=Dr.limit)return!0;Dr.cursor++}return(tr=i)!=Dr.limit||(Dr.cursor=r,!1)}function ir(){var r=Dr.cursor;return!rr(r,2,"ad")||(Dr.cursor=r,!rr(r,5,"soyad"))}function er(){var r=Dr.cursor;return!ir()&&(Dr.limit_backward=r,Dr.cursor=Dr.limit,Y(),Dr.cursor=Dr.limit,U(),!0)}var nr,tr,ur=[new i("m",-1,-1),new i("n",-1,-1),new i("miz",-1,-1),new i("niz",-1,-1),new i("muz",-1,-1),new i("nuz",-1,-1),new i("müz",-1,-1),new i("nüz",-1,-1),new i("mız",-1,-1),new i("nız",-1,-1)],or=[new i("leri",-1,-1),new i("ları",-1,-1)],sr=[new i("ni",-1,-1),new i("nu",-1,-1),new i("nü",-1,-1),new i("nı",-1,-1)],cr=[new i("in",-1,-1),new i("un",-1,-1),new i("ün",-1,-1),new i("ın",-1,-1)],lr=[new i("a",-1,-1),new i("e",-1,-1)],ar=[new i("na",-1,-1),new i("ne",-1,-1)],mr=[new i("da",-1,-1),new i("ta",-1,-1),new i("de",-1,-1),new i("te",-1,-1)],dr=[new i("nda",-1,-1),new i("nde",-1,-1)],fr=[new i("dan",-1,-1),new i("tan",-1,-1),new i("den",-1,-1),new i("ten",-1,-1)],br=[new i("ndan",-1,-1),new i("nden",-1,-1)],wr=[new i("la",-1,-1),new i("le",-1,-1)],_r=[new i("ca",-1,-1),new i("ce",-1,-1)],kr=[new i("im",-1,-1),new i("um",-1,-1),new i("üm",-1,-1),new i("ım",-1,-1)],pr=[new i("sin",-1,-1),new i("sun",-1,-1),new i("sün",-1,-1),new i("sın",-1,-1)],gr=[new i("iz",-1,-1),new i("uz",-1,-1),new i("üz",-1,-1),new i("ız",-1,-1)],yr=[new i("siniz",-1,-1),new i("sunuz",-1,-1),new i("sünüz",-1,-1),new i("sınız",-1,-1)],zr=[new i("lar",-1,-1),new i("ler",-1,-1)],vr=[new i("niz",-1,-1),new i("nuz",-1,-1),new i("nüz",-1,-1),new i("nız",-1,-1)],hr=[new i("dir",-1,-1),new i("tir",-1,-1),new i("dur",-1,-1),new i("tur",-1,-1),new i("dür",-1,-1),new i("tür",-1,-1),new i("dır",-1,-1),new i("tır",-1,-1)],qr=[new i("casına",-1,-1),new i("cesine",-1,-1)],Cr=[new i("di",-1,-1),new i("ti",-1,-1),new i("dik",-1,-1),new i("tik",-1,-1),new i("duk",-1,-1),new i("tuk",-1,-1),new i("dük",-1,-1),new i("tük",-1,-1),new i("dık",-1,-1),new i("tık",-1,-1),new i("dim",-1,-1),new i("tim",-1,-1),new i("dum",-1,-1),new i("tum",-1,-1),new i("düm",-1,-1),new i("tüm",-1,-1),new i("dım",-1,-1),new i("tım",-1,-1),new i("din",-1,-1),new i("tin",-1,-1),new i("dun",-1,-1),new i("tun",-1,-1),new i("dün",-1,-1),new i("tün",-1,-1),new i("dın",-1,-1),new i("tın",-1,-1),new i("du",-1,-1),new i("tu",-1,-1),new i("dü",-1,-1),new i("tü",-1,-1),new i("dı",-1,-1),new i("tı",-1,-1)],Pr=[new i("sa",-1,-1),new i("se",-1,-1),new i("sak",-1,-1),new i("sek",-1,-1),new i("sam",-1,-1),new i("sem",-1,-1),new i("san",-1,-1),new i("sen",-1,-1)],Fr=[new i("miş",-1,-1),new i("muş",-1,-1),new i("müş",-1,-1),new i("mış",-1,-1)],Sr=[new i("b",-1,1),new i("c",-1,2),new i("d",-1,3),new i("ğ",-1,4)],Wr=[17,65,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],Lr=[1,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],xr=[1,64,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],Ar=[17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,130],Er=[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],jr=[17],Tr=[65],Zr=[65],Br=[["a",xr,97,305],["e",Ar,101,252],["ı",Er,97,305],["i",jr,101,105],["o",Tr,111,117],["ö",Zr,246,252],["u",Tr,111,117]],Dr=new e;this.setCurrent=function(r){Dr.setCurrent(r)},this.getCurrent=function(){return Dr.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){return!!($()&&(Dr.limit_backward=Dr.cursor,Dr.cursor=Dr.limit,J(),Dr.cursor=Dr.limit,nr&&(R(),Dr.cursor=Dr.limit_backward,er())))}};return function(r){return"function"==typeof r.update?r.update(function(r){return n.setCurrent(r),n.stem(),n.getCurrent()}):(n.setCurrent(r),n.stem(),n.getCurrent())}}(),r.Pipeline.registerFunction(r.tr.stemmer,"stemmer-tr"),r.tr.stopWordFilter=r.generateStopWordFilter("acaba altmış altı ama ancak arada aslında ayrıca bana bazı belki ben benden beni benim beri beş bile bin bir biri birkaç birkez birçok birşey birşeyi biz bizden bize bizi bizim bu buna bunda bundan bunlar bunları bunların bunu bunun burada böyle böylece da daha dahi de defa değil diye diğer doksan dokuz dolayı dolayısıyla dört edecek eden ederek edilecek ediliyor edilmesi ediyor elli en etmesi etti ettiği ettiğini eğer gibi göre halen hangi hatta hem henüz hep hepsi her herhangi herkesin hiç hiçbir iki ile ilgili ise itibaren itibariyle için işte kadar karşın katrilyon kendi kendilerine kendini kendisi kendisine kendisini kez ki kim kimden kime kimi kimse kırk milyar milyon mu mü mı nasıl ne neden nedenle nerde nerede nereye niye niçin o olan olarak oldu olduklarını olduğu olduğunu olmadı olmadığı olmak olması olmayan olmaz olsa olsun olup olur olursa oluyor on ona ondan onlar onlardan onları onların onu onun otuz oysa pek rağmen sadece sanki sekiz seksen sen senden seni senin siz sizden sizi sizin tarafından trilyon tüm var vardı ve veya ya yani yapacak yapmak yaptı yaptıkları yaptığı yaptığını yapılan yapılması yapıyor yedi yerine yetmiş yine yirmi yoksa yüz zaten çok çünkü öyle üzere üç şey şeyden şeyi şeyler şu şuna şunda şundan şunları şunu şöyle".split(" ")),r.Pipeline.registerFunction(r.tr.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-tr")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.vi.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.vi.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22aed28 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.vi.min.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.vi=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.vi.stopWordFilter,e.vi.trimmer)},e.vi.wordCharacters="[A-Za-ẓ̀͐́͑̉̃̓ÂâÊêÔôĂ-ăĐ-đƠ-ơƯ-ư]",e.vi.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.vi.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.vi.trimmer,"trimmer-vi"),e.vi.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("là cái nhưng mà".split(" "))}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.zh.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.zh.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9838ef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/min/lunr.zh.min.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r(require("@node-rs/jieba")):r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(e){return function(r,t){if(void 0===r)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===r.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");var i="2"==r.version[0];r.zh=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(r.zh.trimmer,r.zh.stopWordFilter,r.zh.stemmer),i?this.tokenizer=r.zh.tokenizer:(r.tokenizer&&(r.tokenizer=r.zh.tokenizer),this.tokenizerFn&&(this.tokenizerFn=r.zh.tokenizer))},r.zh.tokenizer=function(n){if(!arguments.length||null==n||void 0==n)return[];if(Array.isArray(n))return n.map(function(e){return i?new r.Token(e.toLowerCase()):e.toLowerCase()});t&&e.load(t);var o=n.toString().trim().toLowerCase(),s=[];e.cut(o,!0).forEach(function(e){s=s.concat(e.split(" "))}),s=s.filter(function(e){return!!e});var u=0;return s.map(function(e,t){if(i){var n=o.indexOf(e,u),s={};return s.position=[n,e.length],s.index=t,u=n,new r.Token(e,s)}return e})},r.zh.wordCharacters="\\w一-龥",r.zh.trimmer=r.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(r.zh.wordCharacters),r.Pipeline.registerFunction(r.zh.trimmer,"trimmer-zh"),r.zh.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return e}}(),r.Pipeline.registerFunction(r.zh.stemmer,"stemmer-zh"),r.zh.stopWordFilter=r.generateStopWordFilter("的 一 不 在 人 有 是 为 以 于 上 他 而 后 之 来 及 了 因 下 可 到 由 这 与 也 此 但 并 个 其 已 无 小 我 们 起 最 再 今 去 好 只 又 或 很 亦 某 把 那 你 乃 它 吧 被 比 别 趁 当 从 到 得 打 凡 儿 尔 该 各 给 跟 和 何 还 即 几 既 看 据 距 靠 啦 了 另 么 每 们 嘛 拿 哪 那 您 凭 且 却 让 仍 啥 如 若 使 谁 虽 随 同 所 她 哇 嗡 往 哪 些 向 沿 哟 用 于 咱 则 怎 曾 至 致 着 诸 自".split(" ")),r.Pipeline.registerFunction(r.zh.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-zh")}}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/tinyseg.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/tinyseg.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..167fa6d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/tinyseg.js @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +/** + * export the module via AMD, CommonJS or as a browser global + * Export code from https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js + */ +;(function (root, factory) { + if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) { + // AMD. Register as an anonymous module. + define(factory) + } else if (typeof exports === 'object') { + /** + * Node. Does not work with strict CommonJS, but + * only CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports, + * like Node. + */ + module.exports = factory() + } else { + // Browser globals (root is window) + factory()(root.lunr); + } +}(this, function () { + /** + * Just return a value to define the module export. + * This example returns an object, but the module + * can return a function as the exported value. + */ + + return function(lunr) { + // TinySegmenter 0.1 -- Super compact Japanese tokenizer in Javascript + // (c) 2008 Taku Kudo + // TinySegmenter is freely distributable under the terms of a new BSD licence. + // For details, see http://chasen.org/~taku/software/TinySegmenter/LICENCE.txt + + function TinySegmenter() { + var patterns = { + "[一二三四五六七八九十百千万億兆]":"M", + "[一-龠々〆ヵヶ]":"H", + "[ぁ-ん]":"I", + "[ァ-ヴーｱ-ﾝﾞｰ]":"K", + "[a-zA-Zａ-ｚＡ-Ｚ]":"A", + "[0-9０-９]":"N" + } + this.chartype_ = []; + for (var i in patterns) { + var regexp = new RegExp(i); + this.chartype_.push([regexp, patterns[i]]); 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+ + return this; + } + TinySegmenter.prototype.ctype_ = function(str) { + for (var i in this.chartype_) { + if (str.match(this.chartype_[i][0])) { + return this.chartype_[i][1]; + } + } + return "O"; + } + + TinySegmenter.prototype.ts_ = function(v) { + if (v) { return v; } + return 0; + } + + TinySegmenter.prototype.segment = function(input) { + if (input == null || input == undefined || input == "") { + return []; + } + var result = []; + var seg = ["B3","B2","B1"]; + var ctype = ["O","O","O"]; + var o = input.split(""); + for (i = 0; i < o.length; ++i) { + seg.push(o[i]); + ctype.push(this.ctype_(o[i])) + } + seg.push("E1"); + seg.push("E2"); + seg.push("E3"); + ctype.push("O"); + ctype.push("O"); + ctype.push("O"); + var word = seg[3]; + var p1 = "U"; + var p2 = "U"; + var p3 = "U"; + for (var i = 4; i < seg.length - 3; ++i) { + var score = this.BIAS__; + var w1 = seg[i-3]; + var w2 = seg[i-2]; + var w3 = seg[i-1]; + var w4 = seg[i]; + var w5 = seg[i+1]; + var w6 = seg[i+2]; + var c1 = ctype[i-3]; + var c2 = ctype[i-2]; + var c3 = ctype[i-1]; + var c4 = ctype[i]; + var c5 = ctype[i+1]; + var c6 = ctype[i+2]; + score += this.ts_(this.UP1__[p1]); + score += this.ts_(this.UP2__[p2]); + score += this.ts_(this.UP3__[p3]); + score += this.ts_(this.BP1__[p1 + p2]); + score += this.ts_(this.BP2__[p2 + p3]); + score += this.ts_(this.UW1__[w1]); + score += this.ts_(this.UW2__[w2]); + score += this.ts_(this.UW3__[w3]); + score += this.ts_(this.UW4__[w4]); + score += this.ts_(this.UW5__[w5]); + score += this.ts_(this.UW6__[w6]); + score += this.ts_(this.BW1__[w2 + w3]); + score += this.ts_(this.BW2__[w3 + w4]); + score += this.ts_(this.BW3__[w4 + w5]); + score += this.ts_(this.TW1__[w1 + w2 + w3]); + score += this.ts_(this.TW2__[w2 + w3 + w4]); + score += this.ts_(this.TW3__[w3 + w4 + w5]); + score += this.ts_(this.TW4__[w4 + w5 + w6]); + score += this.ts_(this.UC1__[c1]); + score += this.ts_(this.UC2__[c2]); + score += this.ts_(this.UC3__[c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.UC4__[c4]); + score += this.ts_(this.UC5__[c5]); + score += this.ts_(this.UC6__[c6]); + score += this.ts_(this.BC1__[c2 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.BC2__[c3 + c4]); + score += this.ts_(this.BC3__[c4 + c5]); + score += this.ts_(this.TC1__[c1 + c2 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.TC2__[c2 + c3 + c4]); + score += this.ts_(this.TC3__[c3 + c4 + c5]); + score += this.ts_(this.TC4__[c4 + c5 + c6]); + // score += this.ts_(this.TC5__[c4 + c5 + c6]); + score += this.ts_(this.UQ1__[p1 + c1]); + score += this.ts_(this.UQ2__[p2 + c2]); + score += this.ts_(this.UQ3__[p3 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.BQ1__[p2 + c2 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.BQ2__[p2 + c3 + c4]); + score += this.ts_(this.BQ3__[p3 + c2 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.BQ4__[p3 + c3 + c4]); + score += this.ts_(this.TQ1__[p2 + c1 + c2 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.TQ2__[p2 + c2 + c3 + c4]); + score += this.ts_(this.TQ3__[p3 + c1 + c2 + c3]); + score += this.ts_(this.TQ4__[p3 + c2 + c3 + c4]); + var p = "O"; + if (score > 0) { + result.push(word); + word = ""; + p = "B"; + } + p1 = p2; + p2 = p3; + p3 = p; + word += seg[i]; + } + result.push(word); + + return result; + } + + lunr.TinySegmenter = TinySegmenter; + }; + +})); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/wordcut.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/wordcut.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..146f4b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/lunr/wordcut.js @@ -0,0 +1,6708 @@ +(function(f){if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"){module.exports=f()}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define([],f)}else{var g;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){g=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){g=global}else if(typeof self!=="undefined"){g=self}else{g=this}(g.lunr || (g.lunr = {})).wordcut = f()}})(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o 1; + }) + this.addWords(words, false) + } + if(finalize){ + this.finalizeDict(); + } + }, + + dictSeek: function (l, r, ch, strOffset, pos) { + var ans = null; + while (l <= r) { + var m = Math.floor((l + r) / 2), + dict_item = this.dict[m], + len = dict_item.length; + if (len <= strOffset) { + l = m + 1; + } else { + var ch_ = dict_item[strOffset]; + if (ch_ < ch) { + l = m + 1; + } else if (ch_ > ch) { + r = m - 1; + } else { + ans = m; + if (pos == LEFT) { + r = m - 1; + } else { + l = m + 1; + } + } + } + } + return ans; + }, + + isFinal: function (acceptor) { + return this.dict[acceptor.l].length == acceptor.strOffset; + }, + + createAcceptor: function () { + return { + l: 0, + r: this.dict.length - 1, + strOffset: 0, + isFinal: false, + dict: this, + transit: function (ch) { + return this.dict.transit(this, ch); + }, + isError: false, + tag: "DICT", + w: 1, + type: "DICT" + }; + }, + + transit: function (acceptor, ch) { + var l = this.dictSeek(acceptor.l, + acceptor.r, + ch, + acceptor.strOffset, + LEFT); + if (l !== null) { + var r = this.dictSeek(l, + acceptor.r, + ch, + acceptor.strOffset, + RIGHT); + acceptor.l = l; + acceptor.r = r; + acceptor.strOffset++; + acceptor.isFinal = this.isFinal(acceptor); + } else { + acceptor.isError = true; + } + return acceptor; + }, + + sortuniq: function(a){ + return a.sort().filter(function(item, pos, arr){ + return !pos || item != arr[pos - 1]; + }) + }, + + flatten: function(a){ + //[[1,2],[3]] -> [1,2,3] + return [].concat.apply([], a); + } +}; +module.exports = WordcutDict; + +}).call(this,"/dist/tmp") +},{"glob":16,"path":22}],3:[function(require,module,exports){ +var WordRule = { + createAcceptor: function(tag) { + if (tag["WORD_RULE"]) + return null; + + return {strOffset: 0, + isFinal: false, + transit: function(ch) { + var lch = ch.toLowerCase(); + if (lch >= "a" && lch <= "z") { + this.isFinal = true; + this.strOffset++; + } else { + this.isError = true; + } + return this; + }, + isError: false, + tag: "WORD_RULE", + type: "WORD_RULE", + w: 1}; + } +}; + +var NumberRule = { + createAcceptor: function(tag) { + if (tag["NUMBER_RULE"]) + return null; + + return {strOffset: 0, + isFinal: false, + transit: function(ch) { + if (ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") { + this.isFinal = true; + this.strOffset++; + } else { + this.isError = true; + } + return this; + }, + isError: false, + tag: "NUMBER_RULE", + type: "NUMBER_RULE", + w: 1}; + } +}; + +var SpaceRule = { + tag: "SPACE_RULE", + createAcceptor: function(tag) { + + if (tag["SPACE_RULE"]) + return null; + + return {strOffset: 0, + isFinal: false, + transit: function(ch) { + if (ch == " " || ch == "\t" || ch == "\r" || ch == "\n" || + ch == "\u00A0" || ch=="\u2003"//nbsp and emsp + ) { + this.isFinal = true; + this.strOffset++; + } else { + this.isError = true; + } + return this; + }, + isError: false, + tag: SpaceRule.tag, + w: 1, + type: "SPACE_RULE"}; + } +} + +var SingleSymbolRule = { + tag: "SINSYM", + createAcceptor: function(tag) { + return {strOffset: 0, + isFinal: false, + transit: function(ch) { + if (this.strOffset == 0 && ch.match(/^[\@\(\)\/\,\-\."`]$/)) { + this.isFinal = true; + this.strOffset++; + } else { + this.isError = true; + } + return this; + }, + isError: false, + tag: "SINSYM", + w: 1, + type: "SINSYM"}; + } +} + + +var LatinRules = [WordRule, SpaceRule, SingleSymbolRule, NumberRule]; + +module.exports = LatinRules; + +},{}],4:[function(require,module,exports){ +var _ = require("underscore") + , WordcutCore = require("./wordcut_core"); +var PathInfoBuilder = { + + /* + buildByPartAcceptors: function(path, acceptors, i) { + var + var genInfos = partAcceptors.reduce(function(genInfos, acceptor) { + + }, []); + + return genInfos; + } + */ + + buildByAcceptors: function(path, finalAcceptors, i) { + var self = this; + var infos = finalAcceptors.map(function(acceptor) { + var p = i - acceptor.strOffset + 1 + , _info = path[p]; + + var info = {p: p, + mw: _info.mw + (acceptor.mw === undefined ? 0 : acceptor.mw), + w: acceptor.w + _info.w, + unk: (acceptor.unk ? acceptor.unk : 0) + _info.unk, + type: acceptor.type}; + + if (acceptor.type == "PART") { + for(var j = p + 1; j <= i; j++) { + path[j].merge = p; + } + info.merge = p; + } + + return info; + }); + return infos.filter(function(info) { return info; }); + }, + + fallback: function(path, leftBoundary, text, i) { + var _info = path[leftBoundary]; + if (text[i].match(/[\u0E48-\u0E4E]/)) { + if (leftBoundary != 0) + leftBoundary = path[leftBoundary].p; + return {p: leftBoundary, + mw: 0, + w: 1 + _info.w, + unk: 1 + _info.unk, + type: "UNK"}; +/* } else if(leftBoundary > 0 && path[leftBoundary].type !== "UNK") { + leftBoundary = path[leftBoundary].p; + return {p: leftBoundary, + w: 1 + _info.w, + unk: 1 + _info.unk, + type: "UNK"}; */ + } else { + return {p: leftBoundary, + mw: _info.mw, + w: 1 + _info.w, + unk: 1 + _info.unk, + type: "UNK"}; + } + }, + + build: function(path, finalAcceptors, i, leftBoundary, text) { + var basicPathInfos = this.buildByAcceptors(path, finalAcceptors, i); + if (basicPathInfos.length > 0) { + return basicPathInfos; + } else { + return [this.fallback(path, leftBoundary, text, i)]; + } + } +}; + +module.exports = function() { + return _.clone(PathInfoBuilder); +} + +},{"./wordcut_core":8,"underscore":25}],5:[function(require,module,exports){ +var _ = require("underscore"); + + +var PathSelector = { + selectPath: function(paths) { + var path = paths.reduce(function(selectedPath, path) { + if (selectedPath == null) { + return path; + } else { + if (path.unk < selectedPath.unk) + return path; + if (path.unk == selectedPath.unk) { + if (path.mw < selectedPath.mw) + return path + if (path.mw == selectedPath.mw) { + if (path.w < selectedPath.w) + return path; + } + } + return selectedPath; + } + }, null); + return path; + }, + + createPath: function() { + return [{p:null, w:0, unk:0, type: "INIT", mw:0}]; + } +}; + +module.exports = function() { + return _.clone(PathSelector); +}; + +},{"underscore":25}],6:[function(require,module,exports){ +function isMatch(pat, offset, ch) { + if (pat.length <= offset) + return false; + var _ch = pat[offset]; + return _ch == ch || + (_ch.match(/[กข]/) && ch.match(/[ก-ฮ]/)) || + (_ch.match(/[มบ]/) && ch.match(/[ก-ฮ]/)) || + (_ch.match(/\u0E49/) && ch.match(/[\u0E48-\u0E4B]/)); +} + +var Rule0 = { + pat: "เหก็ม", + createAcceptor: function(tag) { + return {strOffset: 0, + isFinal: false, + transit: function(ch) { + if (isMatch(Rule0.pat, this.strOffset,ch)) { + this.isFinal = (this.strOffset + 1 == Rule0.pat.length); + this.strOffset++; + } else { + this.isError = true; + } + return this; + }, + isError: false, + tag: "THAI_RULE", + type: "THAI_RULE", + w: 1}; + } +}; + +var PartRule = { + createAcceptor: function(tag) { + return {strOffset: 0, + patterns: [ + "แก", "เก", "ก้", "กก์", "กา", "กี", "กิ", "กืก" + ], + isFinal: false, + transit: function(ch) { + var offset = this.strOffset; + this.patterns = this.patterns.filter(function(pat) { + return isMatch(pat, offset, ch); + }); + + if (this.patterns.length > 0) { + var len = 1 + offset; + this.isFinal = this.patterns.some(function(pat) { + return pat.length == len; + }); + this.strOffset++; + } else { + this.isError = true; + } + return this; + }, + isError: false, + tag: "PART", + type: "PART", + unk: 1, + w: 1}; + } +}; + +var ThaiRules = [Rule0, PartRule]; + +module.exports = ThaiRules; + +},{}],7:[function(require,module,exports){ +var sys = require("sys") + , WordcutDict = require("./dict") + , WordcutCore = require("./wordcut_core") + , PathInfoBuilder = require("./path_info_builder") + , PathSelector = require("./path_selector") + , Acceptors = require("./acceptors") + , latinRules = require("./latin_rules") + , thaiRules = require("./thai_rules") + , _ = require("underscore"); + + +var Wordcut = Object.create(WordcutCore); +Wordcut.defaultPathInfoBuilder = PathInfoBuilder; +Wordcut.defaultPathSelector = PathSelector; +Wordcut.defaultAcceptors = Acceptors; +Wordcut.defaultLatinRules = latinRules; +Wordcut.defaultThaiRules = thaiRules; +Wordcut.defaultDict = WordcutDict; + + +Wordcut.initNoDict = function(dict_path) { + var self = this; + self.pathInfoBuilder = new self.defaultPathInfoBuilder; + self.pathSelector = new self.defaultPathSelector; + self.acceptors = new self.defaultAcceptors; + self.defaultLatinRules.forEach(function(rule) { + self.acceptors.creators.push(rule); + }); + self.defaultThaiRules.forEach(function(rule) { + self.acceptors.creators.push(rule); + }); +}; + +Wordcut.init = function(dict_path, withDefault, additionalWords) { + withDefault = withDefault || false; + this.initNoDict(); + var dict = _.clone(this.defaultDict); + dict.init(dict_path, withDefault, additionalWords); + this.acceptors.creators.push(dict); +}; + +module.exports = Wordcut; + +},{"./acceptors":1,"./dict":2,"./latin_rules":3,"./path_info_builder":4,"./path_selector":5,"./thai_rules":6,"./wordcut_core":8,"sys":28,"underscore":25}],8:[function(require,module,exports){ +var WordcutCore = { + + buildPath: function(text) { + var self = this + , path = self.pathSelector.createPath() + , leftBoundary = 0; + self.acceptors.reset(); + for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) { + var ch = text[i]; + self.acceptors.transit(ch); + + var possiblePathInfos = self + .pathInfoBuilder + .build(path, + self.acceptors.getFinalAcceptors(), + i, + leftBoundary, + text); + var selectedPath = self.pathSelector.selectPath(possiblePathInfos) + + path.push(selectedPath); + if (selectedPath.type !== "UNK") { + leftBoundary = i; + } + } + return path; + }, + + pathToRanges: function(path) { + var e = path.length - 1 + , ranges = []; + + while (e > 0) { + var info = path[e] + , s = info.p; + + if (info.merge !== undefined && ranges.length > 0) { + var r = ranges[ranges.length - 1]; + r.s = info.merge; + s = r.s; + } else { + ranges.push({s:s, e:e}); + } + e = s; + } + return ranges.reverse(); + }, + + rangesToText: function(text, ranges, delimiter) { + return ranges.map(function(r) { + return text.substring(r.s, r.e); + }).join(delimiter); + }, + + cut: function(text, delimiter) { + var path = this.buildPath(text) + , ranges = this.pathToRanges(path); + return this + .rangesToText(text, ranges, + (delimiter === undefined ? "|" : delimiter)); + }, + + cutIntoRanges: function(text, noText) { + var path = this.buildPath(text) + , ranges = this.pathToRanges(path); + + if (!noText) { + ranges.forEach(function(r) { + r.text = text.substring(r.s, r.e); + }); + } + return ranges; + }, + + cutIntoArray: function(text) { + var path = this.buildPath(text) + , ranges = this.pathToRanges(path); + + return ranges.map(function(r) { + return text.substring(r.s, r.e) + }); + } +}; + +module.exports = WordcutCore; + +},{}],9:[function(require,module,exports){ +// http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Unit_Testing/1.0 +// +// THIS IS NOT TESTED NOR LIKELY TO WORK OUTSIDE V8! +// +// Originally from narwhal.js (http://narwhaljs.org) +// Copyright (c) 2009 Thomas Robinson <280north.com> +// +// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +// of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to +// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the +// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or +// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: +// +// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in +// all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +// +// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +// AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN +// ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION +// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + +// when used in node, this will actually load the util module we depend on +// versus loading the builtin util module as happens otherwise +// this is a bug in node module loading as far as I am concerned +var util = require('util/'); + +var pSlice = Array.prototype.slice; +var hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty; + +// 1. The assert module provides functions that throw +// AssertionError's when particular conditions are not met. The +// assert module must conform to the following interface. + +var assert = module.exports = ok; + +// 2. The AssertionError is defined in assert. +// new assert.AssertionError({ message: message, +// actual: actual, +// expected: expected }) + +assert.AssertionError = function AssertionError(options) { + this.name = 'AssertionError'; + this.actual = options.actual; + this.expected = options.expected; + this.operator = options.operator; + if (options.message) { + this.message = options.message; + this.generatedMessage = false; + } else { + this.message = getMessage(this); + this.generatedMessage = true; + } + var stackStartFunction = options.stackStartFunction || fail; + + if (Error.captureStackTrace) { + Error.captureStackTrace(this, stackStartFunction); + } + else { + // non v8 browsers so we can have a stacktrace + var err = new Error(); + if (err.stack) { + var out = err.stack; + + // try to strip useless frames + var fn_name = stackStartFunction.name; + var idx = out.indexOf('\n' + fn_name); + if (idx >= 0) { + // once we have located the function frame + // we need to strip out everything before it (and its line) + var next_line = out.indexOf('\n', idx + 1); + out = out.substring(next_line + 1); + } + + this.stack = out; + } + } +}; + +// assert.AssertionError instanceof Error +util.inherits(assert.AssertionError, Error); + +function replacer(key, value) { + if (util.isUndefined(value)) { + return '' + value; + } + if (util.isNumber(value) && !isFinite(value)) { + return value.toString(); + } + if (util.isFunction(value) || util.isRegExp(value)) { + return value.toString(); + } + return value; +} + +function truncate(s, n) { + if (util.isString(s)) { + return s.length < n ? s : s.slice(0, n); + } else { + return s; + } +} + +function getMessage(self) { + return truncate(JSON.stringify(self.actual, replacer), 128) + ' ' + + self.operator + ' ' + + truncate(JSON.stringify(self.expected, replacer), 128); +} + +// At present only the three keys mentioned above are used and +// understood by the spec. Implementations or sub modules can pass +// other keys to the AssertionError's constructor - they will be +// ignored. + +// 3. All of the following functions must throw an AssertionError +// when a corresponding condition is not met, with a message that +// may be undefined if not provided. All assertion methods provide +// both the actual and expected values to the assertion error for +// display purposes. + +function fail(actual, expected, message, operator, stackStartFunction) { + throw new assert.AssertionError({ + message: message, + actual: actual, + expected: expected, + operator: operator, + stackStartFunction: stackStartFunction + }); +} + +// EXTENSION! allows for well behaved errors defined elsewhere. +assert.fail = fail; + +// 4. Pure assertion tests whether a value is truthy, as determined +// by !!guard. +// assert.ok(guard, message_opt); +// This statement is equivalent to assert.equal(true, !!guard, +// message_opt);. To test strictly for the value true, use +// assert.strictEqual(true, guard, message_opt);. + +function ok(value, message) { + if (!value) fail(value, true, message, '==', assert.ok); +} +assert.ok = ok; + +// 5. The equality assertion tests shallow, coercive equality with +// ==. +// assert.equal(actual, expected, message_opt); + +assert.equal = function equal(actual, expected, message) { + if (actual != expected) fail(actual, expected, message, '==', assert.equal); +}; + +// 6. The non-equality assertion tests for whether two objects are not equal +// with != assert.notEqual(actual, expected, message_opt); + +assert.notEqual = function notEqual(actual, expected, message) { + if (actual == expected) { + fail(actual, expected, message, '!=', assert.notEqual); + } +}; + +// 7. The equivalence assertion tests a deep equality relation. +// assert.deepEqual(actual, expected, message_opt); + +assert.deepEqual = function deepEqual(actual, expected, message) { + if (!_deepEqual(actual, expected)) { + fail(actual, expected, message, 'deepEqual', assert.deepEqual); + } +}; + +function _deepEqual(actual, expected) { + // 7.1. All identical values are equivalent, as determined by ===. + if (actual === expected) { + return true; + + } else if (util.isBuffer(actual) && util.isBuffer(expected)) { + if (actual.length != expected.length) return false; + + for (var i = 0; i < actual.length; i++) { + if (actual[i] !== expected[i]) return false; + } + + return true; + + // 7.2. If the expected value is a Date object, the actual value is + // equivalent if it is also a Date object that refers to the same time. + } else if (util.isDate(actual) && util.isDate(expected)) { + return actual.getTime() === expected.getTime(); + + // 7.3 If the expected value is a RegExp object, the actual value is + // equivalent if it is also a RegExp object with the same source and + // properties (`global`, `multiline`, `lastIndex`, `ignoreCase`). + } else if (util.isRegExp(actual) && util.isRegExp(expected)) { + return actual.source === expected.source && + actual.global === expected.global && + actual.multiline === expected.multiline && + actual.lastIndex === expected.lastIndex && + actual.ignoreCase === expected.ignoreCase; + + // 7.4. Other pairs that do not both pass typeof value == 'object', + // equivalence is determined by ==. + } else if (!util.isObject(actual) && !util.isObject(expected)) { + return actual == expected; + + // 7.5 For all other Object pairs, including Array objects, equivalence is + // determined by having the same number of owned properties (as verified + // with Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call), the same set of keys + // (although not necessarily the same order), equivalent values for every + // corresponding key, and an identical 'prototype' property. Note: this + // accounts for both named and indexed properties on Arrays. + } else { + return objEquiv(actual, expected); + } +} + +function isArguments(object) { + return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) == '[object Arguments]'; +} + +function objEquiv(a, b) { + if (util.isNullOrUndefined(a) || util.isNullOrUndefined(b)) + return false; + // an identical 'prototype' property. + if (a.prototype !== b.prototype) return false; + // if one is a primitive, the other must be same + if (util.isPrimitive(a) || util.isPrimitive(b)) { + return a === b; + } + var aIsArgs = isArguments(a), + bIsArgs = isArguments(b); + if ((aIsArgs && !bIsArgs) || (!aIsArgs && bIsArgs)) + return false; + if (aIsArgs) { + a = pSlice.call(a); + b = pSlice.call(b); + return _deepEqual(a, b); + } + var ka = objectKeys(a), + kb = objectKeys(b), + key, i; + // having the same number of owned properties (keys incorporates + // hasOwnProperty) + if (ka.length != kb.length) + return false; + //the same set of keys (although not necessarily the same order), + ka.sort(); + kb.sort(); + //~~~cheap key test + for (i = ka.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + if (ka[i] != kb[i]) + return false; + } + //equivalent values for every corresponding key, and + //~~~possibly expensive deep test + for (i = ka.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + key = ka[i]; + if (!_deepEqual(a[key], b[key])) return false; + } + return true; +} + +// 8. The non-equivalence assertion tests for any deep inequality. +// assert.notDeepEqual(actual, expected, message_opt); + +assert.notDeepEqual = function notDeepEqual(actual, expected, message) { + if (_deepEqual(actual, expected)) { + fail(actual, expected, message, 'notDeepEqual', assert.notDeepEqual); + } +}; + +// 9. The strict equality assertion tests strict equality, as determined by ===. +// assert.strictEqual(actual, expected, message_opt); + +assert.strictEqual = function strictEqual(actual, expected, message) { + if (actual !== expected) { + fail(actual, expected, message, '===', assert.strictEqual); + } +}; + +// 10. The strict non-equality assertion tests for strict inequality, as +// determined by !==. assert.notStrictEqual(actual, expected, message_opt); + +assert.notStrictEqual = function notStrictEqual(actual, expected, message) { + if (actual === expected) { + fail(actual, expected, message, '!==', assert.notStrictEqual); + } +}; + +function expectedException(actual, expected) { + if (!actual || !expected) { + return false; + } + + if (Object.prototype.toString.call(expected) == '[object RegExp]') { + return expected.test(actual); + } else if (actual instanceof expected) { + return true; + } else if (expected.call({}, actual) === true) { + return true; + } + + return false; +} + +function _throws(shouldThrow, block, expected, message) { + var actual; + + if (util.isString(expected)) { + message = expected; + expected = null; + } + + try { + block(); + } catch (e) { + actual = e; + } + + message = (expected && expected.name ? ' (' + expected.name + ').' : '.') + + (message ? ' ' + message : '.'); + + if (shouldThrow && !actual) { + fail(actual, expected, 'Missing expected exception' + message); + } + + if (!shouldThrow && expectedException(actual, expected)) { + fail(actual, expected, 'Got unwanted exception' + message); + } + + if ((shouldThrow && actual && expected && + !expectedException(actual, expected)) || (!shouldThrow && actual)) { + throw actual; + } +} + +// 11. Expected to throw an error: +// assert.throws(block, Error_opt, message_opt); + +assert.throws = function(block, /*optional*/error, /*optional*/message) { + _throws.apply(this, [true].concat(pSlice.call(arguments))); +}; + +// EXTENSION! This is annoying to write outside this module. +assert.doesNotThrow = function(block, /*optional*/message) { + _throws.apply(this, [false].concat(pSlice.call(arguments))); +}; + +assert.ifError = function(err) { if (err) {throw err;}}; + +var objectKeys = Object.keys || function (obj) { + var keys = []; + for (var key in obj) { + if (hasOwn.call(obj, key)) keys.push(key); + } + return keys; +}; + +},{"util/":28}],10:[function(require,module,exports){ +'use strict'; +module.exports = balanced; +function balanced(a, b, str) { + if (a instanceof RegExp) a = maybeMatch(a, str); + if (b instanceof RegExp) b = maybeMatch(b, str); + + var r = range(a, b, str); + + return r && { + start: r[0], + end: r[1], + pre: str.slice(0, r[0]), + body: str.slice(r[0] + a.length, r[1]), + post: str.slice(r[1] + b.length) + }; +} + +function maybeMatch(reg, str) { + var m = str.match(reg); + return m ? m[0] : null; +} + +balanced.range = range; +function range(a, b, str) { + var begs, beg, left, right, result; + var ai = str.indexOf(a); + var bi = str.indexOf(b, ai + 1); + var i = ai; + + if (ai >= 0 && bi > 0) { + begs = []; + left = str.length; + + while (i >= 0 && !result) { + if (i == ai) { + begs.push(i); + ai = str.indexOf(a, i + 1); + } else if (begs.length == 1) { + result = [ begs.pop(), bi ]; + } else { + beg = begs.pop(); + if (beg < left) { + left = beg; + right = bi; + } + + bi = str.indexOf(b, i + 1); + } + + i = ai < bi && ai >= 0 ? ai : bi; + } + + if (begs.length) { + result = [ left, right ]; + } + } + + return result; +} + +},{}],11:[function(require,module,exports){ +var concatMap = require('concat-map'); +var balanced = require('balanced-match'); + +module.exports = expandTop; + +var escSlash = '\0SLASH'+Math.random()+'\0'; +var escOpen = '\0OPEN'+Math.random()+'\0'; +var escClose = '\0CLOSE'+Math.random()+'\0'; +var escComma = '\0COMMA'+Math.random()+'\0'; +var escPeriod = '\0PERIOD'+Math.random()+'\0'; + +function numeric(str) { + return parseInt(str, 10) == str + ? parseInt(str, 10) + : str.charCodeAt(0); +} + +function escapeBraces(str) { + return str.split('\\\\').join(escSlash) + .split('\\{').join(escOpen) + .split('\\}').join(escClose) + .split('\\,').join(escComma) + .split('\\.').join(escPeriod); +} + +function unescapeBraces(str) { + return str.split(escSlash).join('\\') + .split(escOpen).join('{') + .split(escClose).join('}') + .split(escComma).join(',') + .split(escPeriod).join('.'); +} + + +// Basically just str.split(","), but handling cases +// where we have nested braced sections, which should be +// treated as individual members, like {a,{b,c},d} +function parseCommaParts(str) { + if (!str) + return ['']; + + var parts = []; + var m = balanced('{', '}', str); + + if (!m) + return str.split(','); + + var pre = m.pre; + var body = m.body; + var post = m.post; + var p = pre.split(','); + + p[p.length-1] += '{' + body + '}'; + var postParts = parseCommaParts(post); + if (post.length) { + p[p.length-1] += postParts.shift(); + p.push.apply(p, postParts); + } + + parts.push.apply(parts, p); + + return parts; +} + +function expandTop(str) { + if (!str) + return []; + + // I don't know why Bash 4.3 does this, but it does. + // Anything starting with {} will have the first two bytes preserved + // but *only* at the top level, so {},a}b will not expand to anything, + // but a{},b}c will be expanded to [a}c,abc]. + // One could argue that this is a bug in Bash, but since the goal of + // this module is to match Bash's rules, we escape a leading {} + if (str.substr(0, 2) === '{}') { + str = '\\{\\}' + str.substr(2); + } + + return expand(escapeBraces(str), true).map(unescapeBraces); +} + +function identity(e) { + return e; +} + +function embrace(str) { + return '{' + str + '}'; +} +function isPadded(el) { + return /^-?0\d/.test(el); +} + +function lte(i, y) { + return i <= y; +} +function gte(i, y) { + return i >= y; +} + +function expand(str, isTop) { + var expansions = []; + + var m = balanced('{', '}', str); + if (!m || /\$$/.test(m.pre)) return [str]; + + var isNumericSequence = /^-?\d+\.\.-?\d+(?:\.\.-?\d+)?$/.test(m.body); + var isAlphaSequence = /^[a-zA-Z]\.\.[a-zA-Z](?:\.\.-?\d+)?$/.test(m.body); + var isSequence = isNumericSequence || isAlphaSequence; + var isOptions = m.body.indexOf(',') >= 0; + if (!isSequence && !isOptions) { + // {a},b} + if (m.post.match(/,.*\}/)) { + str = m.pre + '{' + m.body + escClose + m.post; + return expand(str); + } + return [str]; + } + + var n; + if (isSequence) { + n = m.body.split(/\.\./); + } else { + n = parseCommaParts(m.body); + if (n.length === 1) { + // x{{a,b}}y ==> x{a}y x{b}y + n = expand(n[0], false).map(embrace); + if (n.length === 1) { + var post = m.post.length + ? expand(m.post, false) + : ['']; + return post.map(function(p) { + return m.pre + n[0] + p; + }); + } + } + } + + // at this point, n is the parts, and we know it's not a comma set + // with a single entry. + + // no need to expand pre, since it is guaranteed to be free of brace-sets + var pre = m.pre; + var post = m.post.length + ? expand(m.post, false) + : ['']; + + var N; + + if (isSequence) { + var x = numeric(n[0]); + var y = numeric(n[1]); + var width = Math.max(n[0].length, n[1].length) + var incr = n.length == 3 + ? Math.abs(numeric(n[2])) + : 1; + var test = lte; + var reverse = y < x; + if (reverse) { + incr *= -1; + test = gte; + } + var pad = n.some(isPadded); + + N = []; + + for (var i = x; test(i, y); i += incr) { + var c; + if (isAlphaSequence) { + c = String.fromCharCode(i); + if (c === '\\') + c = ''; + } else { + c = String(i); + if (pad) { + var need = width - c.length; + if (need > 0) { + var z = new Array(need + 1).join('0'); + if (i < 0) + c = '-' + z + c.slice(1); + else + c = z + c; + } + } + } + N.push(c); + } + } else { + N = concatMap(n, function(el) { return expand(el, false) }); + } + + for (var j = 0; j < N.length; j++) { + for (var k = 0; k < post.length; k++) { + var expansion = pre + N[j] + post[k]; + if (!isTop || isSequence || expansion) + expansions.push(expansion); + } + } + + return expansions; +} + + +},{"balanced-match":10,"concat-map":13}],12:[function(require,module,exports){ + +},{}],13:[function(require,module,exports){ +module.exports = function (xs, fn) { + var res = []; + for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) { + var x = fn(xs[i], i); + if (isArray(x)) res.push.apply(res, x); + else res.push(x); + } + return res; +}; + +var isArray = Array.isArray || function (xs) { + return Object.prototype.toString.call(xs) === '[object Array]'; +}; + +},{}],14:[function(require,module,exports){ +// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. +// +// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a +// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the +// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including +// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, +// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit +// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the +// following conditions: +// +// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included +// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +// +// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS +// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN +// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, +// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR +// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE +// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + +function EventEmitter() { + this._events = this._events || {}; + this._maxListeners = this._maxListeners || undefined; +} +module.exports = EventEmitter; + +// Backwards-compat with node 0.10.x +EventEmitter.EventEmitter = EventEmitter; + +EventEmitter.prototype._events = undefined; +EventEmitter.prototype._maxListeners = undefined; + +// By default EventEmitters will print a warning if more than 10 listeners are +// added to it. This is a useful default which helps finding memory leaks. +EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners = 10; + +// Obviously not all Emitters should be limited to 10. This function allows +// that to be increased. Set to zero for unlimited. +EventEmitter.prototype.setMaxListeners = function(n) { + if (!isNumber(n) || n < 0 || isNaN(n)) + throw TypeError('n must be a positive number'); + this._maxListeners = n; + return this; +}; + +EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function(type) { + var er, handler, len, args, i, listeners; + + if (!this._events) + this._events = {}; + + // If there is no 'error' event listener then throw. + if (type === 'error') { + if (!this._events.error || + (isObject(this._events.error) && !this._events.error.length)) { + er = arguments[1]; + if (er instanceof Error) { + throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event + } + throw TypeError('Uncaught, unspecified "error" event.'); + } + } + + handler = this._events[type]; + + if (isUndefined(handler)) + return false; + + if (isFunction(handler)) { + switch (arguments.length) { + // fast cases + case 1: + handler.call(this); + break; + case 2: + handler.call(this, arguments[1]); + break; + case 3: + handler.call(this, arguments[1], arguments[2]); + break; + // slower + default: + len = arguments.length; + args = new Array(len - 1); + for (i = 1; i < len; i++) + args[i - 1] = arguments[i]; + handler.apply(this, args); + } + } else if (isObject(handler)) { + len = arguments.length; + args = new Array(len - 1); + for (i = 1; i < len; i++) + args[i - 1] = arguments[i]; + + listeners = handler.slice(); + len = listeners.length; + for (i = 0; i < len; i++) + listeners[i].apply(this, args); + } + + return true; +}; + +EventEmitter.prototype.addListener = function(type, listener) { + var m; + + if (!isFunction(listener)) + throw TypeError('listener must be a function'); + + if (!this._events) + this._events = {}; + + // To avoid recursion in the case that type === "newListener"! Before + // adding it to the listeners, first emit "newListener". + if (this._events.newListener) + this.emit('newListener', type, + isFunction(listener.listener) ? + listener.listener : listener); + + if (!this._events[type]) + // Optimize the case of one listener. Don't need the extra array object. + this._events[type] = listener; + else if (isObject(this._events[type])) + // If we've already got an array, just append. + this._events[type].push(listener); + else + // Adding the second element, need to change to array. + this._events[type] = [this._events[type], listener]; + + // Check for listener leak + if (isObject(this._events[type]) && !this._events[type].warned) { + var m; + if (!isUndefined(this._maxListeners)) { + m = this._maxListeners; + } else { + m = EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners; + } + + if (m && m > 0 && this._events[type].length > m) { + this._events[type].warned = true; + console.error('(node) warning: possible EventEmitter memory ' + + 'leak detected. %d listeners added. ' + + 'Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit.', + this._events[type].length); + if (typeof console.trace === 'function') { + // not supported in IE 10 + console.trace(); + } + } + } + + return this; +}; + +EventEmitter.prototype.on = EventEmitter.prototype.addListener; + +EventEmitter.prototype.once = function(type, listener) { + if (!isFunction(listener)) + throw TypeError('listener must be a function'); + + var fired = false; + + function g() { + this.removeListener(type, g); + + if (!fired) { + fired = true; + listener.apply(this, arguments); + } + } + + g.listener = listener; + this.on(type, g); + + return this; +}; + +// emits a 'removeListener' event iff the listener was removed +EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function(type, listener) { + var list, position, length, i; + + if (!isFunction(listener)) + throw TypeError('listener must be a function'); + + if (!this._events || !this._events[type]) + return this; + + list = this._events[type]; + length = list.length; + position = -1; + + if (list === listener || + (isFunction(list.listener) && list.listener === listener)) { + delete this._events[type]; + if (this._events.removeListener) + this.emit('removeListener', type, listener); + + } else if (isObject(list)) { + for (i = length; i-- > 0;) { + if (list[i] === listener || + (list[i].listener && list[i].listener === listener)) { + position = i; + break; + } + } + + if (position < 0) + return this; + + if (list.length === 1) { + list.length = 0; + delete this._events[type]; + } else { + list.splice(position, 1); + } + + if (this._events.removeListener) + this.emit('removeListener', type, listener); + } + + return this; +}; + +EventEmitter.prototype.removeAllListeners = function(type) { + var key, listeners; + + if (!this._events) + return this; + + // not listening for removeListener, no need to emit + if (!this._events.removeListener) { + if (arguments.length === 0) + this._events = {}; + else if (this._events[type]) + delete this._events[type]; + return this; + } + + // emit removeListener for all listeners on all events + if (arguments.length === 0) { + for (key in this._events) { + if (key === 'removeListener') continue; + this.removeAllListeners(key); + } + this.removeAllListeners('removeListener'); + this._events = {}; + return this; + } + + listeners = this._events[type]; + + if (isFunction(listeners)) { + this.removeListener(type, listeners); + } else { + // LIFO order + while (listeners.length) + this.removeListener(type, listeners[listeners.length - 1]); + } + delete this._events[type]; + + return this; +}; + +EventEmitter.prototype.listeners = function(type) { + var ret; + if (!this._events || !this._events[type]) + ret = []; + else if (isFunction(this._events[type])) + ret = [this._events[type]]; + else + ret = this._events[type].slice(); + return ret; +}; + +EventEmitter.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) { + var ret; + if (!emitter._events || !emitter._events[type]) + ret = 0; + else if (isFunction(emitter._events[type])) + ret = 1; + else + ret = emitter._events[type].length; + return ret; +}; + +function isFunction(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'function'; +} + +function isNumber(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'number'; +} + +function isObject(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null; +} + +function isUndefined(arg) { + return arg === void 0; +} + +},{}],15:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process){ +exports.alphasort = alphasort +exports.alphasorti = alphasorti +exports.setopts = setopts +exports.ownProp = ownProp +exports.makeAbs = makeAbs +exports.finish = finish +exports.mark = mark +exports.isIgnored = isIgnored +exports.childrenIgnored = childrenIgnored + +function ownProp (obj, field) { + return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, field) +} + +var path = require("path") +var minimatch = require("minimatch") +var isAbsolute = require("path-is-absolute") +var Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch + +function alphasorti (a, b) { + return a.toLowerCase().localeCompare(b.toLowerCase()) +} + +function alphasort (a, b) { + return a.localeCompare(b) +} + +function setupIgnores (self, options) { + self.ignore = options.ignore || [] + + if (!Array.isArray(self.ignore)) + self.ignore = [self.ignore] + + if (self.ignore.length) { + self.ignore = self.ignore.map(ignoreMap) + } +} + +function ignoreMap (pattern) { + var gmatcher = null + if (pattern.slice(-3) === '/**') { + var gpattern = pattern.replace(/(\/\*\*)+$/, '') + gmatcher = new Minimatch(gpattern) + } + + return { + matcher: new Minimatch(pattern), + gmatcher: gmatcher + } +} + +function setopts (self, pattern, options) { + if (!options) + options = {} + + // base-matching: just use globstar for that. + if (options.matchBase && -1 === pattern.indexOf("/")) { + if (options.noglobstar) { + throw new Error("base matching requires globstar") + } + pattern = "**/" + pattern + } + + self.silent = !!options.silent + self.pattern = pattern + self.strict = options.strict !== false + self.realpath = !!options.realpath + self.realpathCache = options.realpathCache || Object.create(null) + self.follow = !!options.follow + self.dot = !!options.dot + self.mark = !!options.mark + self.nodir = !!options.nodir + if (self.nodir) + self.mark = true + self.sync = !!options.sync + self.nounique = !!options.nounique + self.nonull = !!options.nonull + self.nosort = !!options.nosort + self.nocase = !!options.nocase + self.stat = !!options.stat + self.noprocess = !!options.noprocess + + self.maxLength = options.maxLength || Infinity + self.cache = options.cache || Object.create(null) + self.statCache = options.statCache || Object.create(null) + self.symlinks = options.symlinks || Object.create(null) + + setupIgnores(self, options) + + self.changedCwd = false + var cwd = process.cwd() + if (!ownProp(options, "cwd")) + self.cwd = cwd + else { + self.cwd = options.cwd + self.changedCwd = path.resolve(options.cwd) !== cwd + } + + self.root = options.root || path.resolve(self.cwd, "/") + self.root = path.resolve(self.root) + if (process.platform === "win32") + self.root = self.root.replace(/\\/g, "/") + + self.nomount = !!options.nomount + + // disable comments and negation unless the user explicitly + // passes in false as the option. + options.nonegate = options.nonegate === false ? false : true + options.nocomment = options.nocomment === false ? false : true + deprecationWarning(options) + + self.minimatch = new Minimatch(pattern, options) + self.options = self.minimatch.options +} + +// TODO(isaacs): remove entirely in v6 +// exported to reset in tests +exports.deprecationWarned +function deprecationWarning(options) { + if (!options.nonegate || !options.nocomment) { + if (process.noDeprecation !== true && !exports.deprecationWarned) { + var msg = 'glob WARNING: comments and negation will be disabled in v6' + if (process.throwDeprecation) + throw new Error(msg) + else if (process.traceDeprecation) + console.trace(msg) + else + console.error(msg) + + exports.deprecationWarned = true + } + } +} + +function finish (self) { + var nou = self.nounique + var all = nou ? [] : Object.create(null) + + for (var i = 0, l = self.matches.length; i < l; i ++) { + var matches = self.matches[i] + if (!matches || Object.keys(matches).length === 0) { + if (self.nonull) { + // do like the shell, and spit out the literal glob + var literal = self.minimatch.globSet[i] + if (nou) + all.push(literal) + else + all[literal] = true + } + } else { + // had matches + var m = Object.keys(matches) + if (nou) + all.push.apply(all, m) + else + m.forEach(function (m) { + all[m] = true + }) + } + } + + if (!nou) + all = Object.keys(all) + + if (!self.nosort) + all = all.sort(self.nocase ? alphasorti : alphasort) + + // at *some* point we statted all of these + if (self.mark) { + for (var i = 0; i < all.length; i++) { + all[i] = self._mark(all[i]) + } + if (self.nodir) { + all = all.filter(function (e) { + return !(/\/$/.test(e)) + }) + } + } + + if (self.ignore.length) + all = all.filter(function(m) { + return !isIgnored(self, m) + }) + + self.found = all +} + +function mark (self, p) { + var abs = makeAbs(self, p) + var c = self.cache[abs] + var m = p + if (c) { + var isDir = c === 'DIR' || Array.isArray(c) + var slash = p.slice(-1) === '/' + + if (isDir && !slash) + m += '/' + else if (!isDir && slash) + m = m.slice(0, -1) + + if (m !== p) { + var mabs = makeAbs(self, m) + self.statCache[mabs] = self.statCache[abs] + self.cache[mabs] = self.cache[abs] + } + } + + return m +} + +// lotta situps... +function makeAbs (self, f) { + var abs = f + if (f.charAt(0) === '/') { + abs = path.join(self.root, f) + } else if (isAbsolute(f) || f === '') { + abs = f + } else if (self.changedCwd) { + abs = path.resolve(self.cwd, f) + } else { + abs = path.resolve(f) + } + return abs +} + + +// Return true, if pattern ends with globstar '**', for the accompanying parent directory. +// Ex:- If node_modules/** is the pattern, add 'node_modules' to ignore list along with it's contents +function isIgnored (self, path) { + if (!self.ignore.length) + return false + + return self.ignore.some(function(item) { + return item.matcher.match(path) || !!(item.gmatcher && item.gmatcher.match(path)) + }) +} + +function childrenIgnored (self, path) { + if (!self.ignore.length) + return false + + return self.ignore.some(function(item) { + return !!(item.gmatcher && item.gmatcher.match(path)) + }) +} + +}).call(this,require('_process')) +},{"_process":24,"minimatch":20,"path":22,"path-is-absolute":23}],16:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process){ +// Approach: +// +// 1. Get the minimatch set +// 2. For each pattern in the set, PROCESS(pattern, false) +// 3. Store matches per-set, then uniq them +// +// PROCESS(pattern, inGlobStar) +// Get the first [n] items from pattern that are all strings +// Join these together. This is PREFIX. +// If there is no more remaining, then stat(PREFIX) and +// add to matches if it succeeds. END. +// +// If inGlobStar and PREFIX is symlink and points to dir +// set ENTRIES = [] +// else readdir(PREFIX) as ENTRIES +// If fail, END +// +// with ENTRIES +// If pattern[n] is GLOBSTAR +// // handle the case where the globstar match is empty +// // by pruning it out, and testing the resulting pattern +// PROCESS(pattern[0..n] + pattern[n+1 .. $], false) +// // handle other cases. +// for ENTRY in ENTRIES (not dotfiles) +// // attach globstar + tail onto the entry +// // Mark that this entry is a globstar match +// PROCESS(pattern[0..n] + ENTRY + pattern[n .. $], true) +// +// else // not globstar +// for ENTRY in ENTRIES (not dotfiles, unless pattern[n] is dot) +// Test ENTRY against pattern[n] +// If fails, continue +// If passes, PROCESS(pattern[0..n] + item + pattern[n+1 .. $]) +// +// Caveat: +// Cache all stats and readdirs results to minimize syscall. Since all +// we ever care about is existence and directory-ness, we can just keep +// `true` for files, and [children,...] for directories, or `false` for +// things that don't exist. + +module.exports = glob + +var fs = require('fs') +var minimatch = require('minimatch') +var Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch +var inherits = require('inherits') +var EE = require('events').EventEmitter +var path = require('path') +var assert = require('assert') +var isAbsolute = require('path-is-absolute') +var globSync = require('./sync.js') +var common = require('./common.js') +var alphasort = common.alphasort +var alphasorti = common.alphasorti +var setopts = common.setopts +var ownProp = common.ownProp +var inflight = require('inflight') +var util = require('util') +var childrenIgnored = common.childrenIgnored +var isIgnored = common.isIgnored + +var once = require('once') + +function glob (pattern, options, cb) { + if (typeof options === 'function') cb = options, options = {} + if (!options) options = {} + + if (options.sync) { + if (cb) + throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob') + return globSync(pattern, options) + } + + return new Glob(pattern, options, cb) +} + +glob.sync = globSync +var GlobSync = glob.GlobSync = globSync.GlobSync + +// old api surface +glob.glob = glob + +glob.hasMagic = function (pattern, options_) { + var options = util._extend({}, options_) + options.noprocess = true + + var g = new Glob(pattern, options) + var set = g.minimatch.set + if (set.length > 1) + return true + + for (var j = 0; j < set[0].length; j++) { + if (typeof set[0][j] !== 'string') + return true + } + + return false +} + +glob.Glob = Glob +inherits(Glob, EE) +function Glob (pattern, options, cb) { + if (typeof options === 'function') { + cb = options + options = null + } + + if (options && options.sync) { + if (cb) + throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob') + return new GlobSync(pattern, options) + } + + if (!(this instanceof Glob)) + return new Glob(pattern, options, cb) + + setopts(this, pattern, options) + this._didRealPath = false + + // process each pattern in the minimatch set + var n = this.minimatch.set.length + + // The matches are stored as {: true,...} so that + // duplicates are automagically pruned. + // Later, we do an Object.keys() on these. + // Keep them as a list so we can fill in when nonull is set. + this.matches = new Array(n) + + if (typeof cb === 'function') { + cb = once(cb) + this.on('error', cb) + this.on('end', function (matches) { + cb(null, matches) + }) + } + + var self = this + var n = this.minimatch.set.length + this._processing = 0 + this.matches = new Array(n) + + this._emitQueue = [] + this._processQueue = [] + this.paused = false + + if (this.noprocess) + return this + + if (n === 0) + return done() + + for (var i = 0; i < n; i ++) { + this._process(this.minimatch.set[i], i, false, done) + } + + function done () { + --self._processing + if (self._processing <= 0) + self._finish() + } +} + +Glob.prototype._finish = function () { + assert(this instanceof Glob) + if (this.aborted) + return + + if (this.realpath && !this._didRealpath) + return this._realpath() + + common.finish(this) + this.emit('end', this.found) +} + +Glob.prototype._realpath = function () { + if (this._didRealpath) + return + + this._didRealpath = true + + var n = this.matches.length + if (n === 0) + return this._finish() + + var self = this + for (var i = 0; i < this.matches.length; i++) + this._realpathSet(i, next) + + function next () { + if (--n === 0) + self._finish() + } +} + +Glob.prototype._realpathSet = function (index, cb) { + var matchset = this.matches[index] + if (!matchset) + return cb() + + var found = Object.keys(matchset) + var self = this + var n = found.length + + if (n === 0) + return cb() + + var set = this.matches[index] = Object.create(null) + found.forEach(function (p, i) { + // If there's a problem with the stat, then it means that + // one or more of the links in the realpath couldn't be + // resolved. just return the abs value in that case. + p = self._makeAbs(p) + fs.realpath(p, self.realpathCache, function (er, real) { + if (!er) + set[real] = true + else if (er.syscall === 'stat') + set[p] = true + else + self.emit('error', er) // srsly wtf right here + + if (--n === 0) { + self.matches[index] = set + cb() + } + }) + }) +} + +Glob.prototype._mark = function (p) { + return common.mark(this, p) +} + +Glob.prototype._makeAbs = function (f) { + return common.makeAbs(this, f) +} + +Glob.prototype.abort = function () { + this.aborted = true + this.emit('abort') +} + +Glob.prototype.pause = function () { + if (!this.paused) { + this.paused = true + this.emit('pause') + } +} + +Glob.prototype.resume = function () { + if (this.paused) { + this.emit('resume') + this.paused = false + if (this._emitQueue.length) { + var eq = this._emitQueue.slice(0) + this._emitQueue.length = 0 + for (var i = 0; i < eq.length; i ++) { + var e = eq[i] + this._emitMatch(e[0], e[1]) + } + } + if (this._processQueue.length) { + var pq = this._processQueue.slice(0) + this._processQueue.length = 0 + for (var i = 0; i < pq.length; i ++) { + var p = pq[i] + this._processing-- + this._process(p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]) + } + } + } +} + +Glob.prototype._process = function (pattern, index, inGlobStar, cb) { + assert(this instanceof Glob) + assert(typeof cb === 'function') + + if (this.aborted) + return + + this._processing++ + if (this.paused) { + this._processQueue.push([pattern, index, inGlobStar, cb]) + return + } + + //console.error('PROCESS %d', this._processing, pattern) + + // Get the first [n] parts of pattern that are all strings. + var n = 0 + while (typeof pattern[n] === 'string') { + n ++ + } + // now n is the index of the first one that is *not* a string. + + // see if there's anything else + var prefix + switch (n) { + // if not, then this is rather simple + case pattern.length: + this._processSimple(pattern.join('/'), index, cb) + return + + case 0: + // pattern *starts* with some non-trivial item. + // going to readdir(cwd), but not include the prefix in matches. + prefix = null + break + + default: + // pattern has some string bits in the front. + // whatever it starts with, whether that's 'absolute' like /foo/bar, + // or 'relative' like '../baz' + prefix = pattern.slice(0, n).join('/') + break + } + + var remain = pattern.slice(n) + + // get the list of entries. + var read + if (prefix === null) + read = '.' + else if (isAbsolute(prefix) || isAbsolute(pattern.join('/'))) { + if (!prefix || !isAbsolute(prefix)) + prefix = '/' + prefix + read = prefix + } else + read = prefix + + var abs = this._makeAbs(read) + + //if ignored, skip _processing + if (childrenIgnored(this, read)) + return cb() + + var isGlobStar = remain[0] === minimatch.GLOBSTAR + if (isGlobStar) + this._processGlobStar(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb) + else + this._processReaddir(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb) +} + +Glob.prototype._processReaddir = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb) { + var self = this + this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar, function (er, entries) { + return self._processReaddir2(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb) + }) +} + +Glob.prototype._processReaddir2 = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb) { + + // if the abs isn't a dir, then nothing can match! + if (!entries) + return cb() + + // It will only match dot entries if it starts with a dot, or if + // dot is set. Stuff like @(.foo|.bar) isn't allowed. + var pn = remain[0] + var negate = !!this.minimatch.negate + var rawGlob = pn._glob + var dotOk = this.dot || rawGlob.charAt(0) === '.' + + var matchedEntries = [] + for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) { + var e = entries[i] + if (e.charAt(0) !== '.' || dotOk) { + var m + if (negate && !prefix) { + m = !e.match(pn) + } else { + m = e.match(pn) + } + if (m) + matchedEntries.push(e) + } + } + + //console.error('prd2', prefix, entries, remain[0]._glob, matchedEntries) + + var len = matchedEntries.length + // If there are no matched entries, then nothing matches. + if (len === 0) + return cb() + + // if this is the last remaining pattern bit, then no need for + // an additional stat *unless* the user has specified mark or + // stat explicitly. We know they exist, since readdir returned + // them. + + if (remain.length === 1 && !this.mark && !this.stat) { + if (!this.matches[index]) + this.matches[index] = Object.create(null) + + for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) { + var e = matchedEntries[i] + if (prefix) { + if (prefix !== '/') + e = prefix + '/' + e + else + e = prefix + e + } + + if (e.charAt(0) === '/' && !this.nomount) { + e = path.join(this.root, e) + } + this._emitMatch(index, e) + } + // This was the last one, and no stats were needed + return cb() + } + + // now test all matched entries as stand-ins for that part + // of the pattern. + remain.shift() + for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) { + var e = matchedEntries[i] + var newPattern + if (prefix) { + if (prefix !== '/') + e = prefix + '/' + e + else + e = prefix + e + } + this._process([e].concat(remain), index, inGlobStar, cb) + } + cb() +} + +Glob.prototype._emitMatch = function (index, e) { + if (this.aborted) + return + + if (this.matches[index][e]) + return + + if (isIgnored(this, e)) + return + + if (this.paused) { + this._emitQueue.push([index, e]) + return + } + + var abs = this._makeAbs(e) + + if (this.nodir) { + var c = this.cache[abs] + if (c === 'DIR' || Array.isArray(c)) + return + } + + if (this.mark) + e = this._mark(e) + + this.matches[index][e] = true + + var st = this.statCache[abs] + if (st) + this.emit('stat', e, st) + + this.emit('match', e) +} + +Glob.prototype._readdirInGlobStar = function (abs, cb) { + if (this.aborted) + return + + // follow all symlinked directories forever + // just proceed as if this is a non-globstar situation + if (this.follow) + return this._readdir(abs, false, cb) + + var lstatkey = 'lstat\0' + abs + var self = this + var lstatcb = inflight(lstatkey, lstatcb_) + + if (lstatcb) + fs.lstat(abs, lstatcb) + + function lstatcb_ (er, lstat) { + if (er) + return cb() + + var isSym = lstat.isSymbolicLink() + self.symlinks[abs] = isSym + + // If it's not a symlink or a dir, then it's definitely a regular file. + // don't bother doing a readdir in that case. + if (!isSym && !lstat.isDirectory()) { + self.cache[abs] = 'FILE' + cb() + } else + self._readdir(abs, false, cb) + } +} + +Glob.prototype._readdir = function (abs, inGlobStar, cb) { + if (this.aborted) + return + + cb = inflight('readdir\0'+abs+'\0'+inGlobStar, cb) + if (!cb) + return + + //console.error('RD %j %j', +inGlobStar, abs) + if (inGlobStar && !ownProp(this.symlinks, abs)) + return this._readdirInGlobStar(abs, cb) + + if (ownProp(this.cache, abs)) { + var c = this.cache[abs] + if (!c || c === 'FILE') + return cb() + + if (Array.isArray(c)) + return cb(null, c) + } + + var self = this + fs.readdir(abs, readdirCb(this, abs, cb)) +} + +function readdirCb (self, abs, cb) { + return function (er, entries) { + if (er) + self._readdirError(abs, er, cb) + else + self._readdirEntries(abs, entries, cb) + } +} + +Glob.prototype._readdirEntries = function (abs, entries, cb) { + if (this.aborted) + return + + // if we haven't asked to stat everything, then just + // assume that everything in there exists, so we can avoid + // having to stat it a second time. + if (!this.mark && !this.stat) { + for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i ++) { + var e = entries[i] + if (abs === '/') + e = abs + e + else + e = abs + '/' + e + this.cache[e] = true + } + } + + this.cache[abs] = entries + return cb(null, entries) +} + +Glob.prototype._readdirError = function (f, er, cb) { + if (this.aborted) + return + + // handle errors, and cache the information + switch (er.code) { + case 'ENOTSUP': // https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/205 + case 'ENOTDIR': // totally normal. means it *does* exist. + this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = 'FILE' + break + + case 'ENOENT': // not terribly unusual + case 'ELOOP': + case 'ENAMETOOLONG': + case 'UNKNOWN': + this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false + break + + default: // some unusual error. Treat as failure. + this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false + if (this.strict) { + this.emit('error', er) + // If the error is handled, then we abort + // if not, we threw out of here + this.abort() + } + if (!this.silent) + console.error('glob error', er) + break + } + + return cb() +} + +Glob.prototype._processGlobStar = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, cb) { + var self = this + this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar, function (er, entries) { + self._processGlobStar2(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb) + }) +} + + +Glob.prototype._processGlobStar2 = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar, entries, cb) { + //console.error('pgs2', prefix, remain[0], entries) + + // no entries means not a dir, so it can never have matches + // foo.txt/** doesn't match foo.txt + if (!entries) + return cb() + + // test without the globstar, and with every child both below + // and replacing the globstar. + var remainWithoutGlobStar = remain.slice(1) + var gspref = prefix ? [ prefix ] : [] + var noGlobStar = gspref.concat(remainWithoutGlobStar) + + // the noGlobStar pattern exits the inGlobStar state + this._process(noGlobStar, index, false, cb) + + var isSym = this.symlinks[abs] + var len = entries.length + + // If it's a symlink, and we're in a globstar, then stop + if (isSym && inGlobStar) + return cb() + + for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) { + var e = entries[i] + if (e.charAt(0) === '.' && !this.dot) + continue + + // these two cases enter the inGlobStar state + var instead = gspref.concat(entries[i], remainWithoutGlobStar) + this._process(instead, index, true, cb) + + var below = gspref.concat(entries[i], remain) + this._process(below, index, true, cb) + } + + cb() +} + +Glob.prototype._processSimple = function (prefix, index, cb) { + // XXX review this. Shouldn't it be doing the mounting etc + // before doing stat? kinda weird? + var self = this + this._stat(prefix, function (er, exists) { + self._processSimple2(prefix, index, er, exists, cb) + }) +} +Glob.prototype._processSimple2 = function (prefix, index, er, exists, cb) { + + //console.error('ps2', prefix, exists) + + if (!this.matches[index]) + this.matches[index] = Object.create(null) + + // If it doesn't exist, then just mark the lack of results + if (!exists) + return cb() + + if (prefix && isAbsolute(prefix) && !this.nomount) { + var trail = /[\/\\]$/.test(prefix) + if (prefix.charAt(0) === '/') { + prefix = path.join(this.root, prefix) + } else { + prefix = path.resolve(this.root, prefix) + if (trail) + prefix += '/' + } + } + + if (process.platform === 'win32') + prefix = prefix.replace(/\\/g, '/') + + // Mark this as a match + this._emitMatch(index, prefix) + cb() +} + +// Returns either 'DIR', 'FILE', or false +Glob.prototype._stat = function (f, cb) { + var abs = this._makeAbs(f) + var needDir = f.slice(-1) === '/' + + if (f.length > this.maxLength) + return cb() + + if (!this.stat && ownProp(this.cache, abs)) { + var c = this.cache[abs] + + if (Array.isArray(c)) + c = 'DIR' + + // It exists, but maybe not how we need it + if (!needDir || c === 'DIR') + return cb(null, c) + + if (needDir && c === 'FILE') + return cb() + + // otherwise we have to stat, because maybe c=true + // if we know it exists, but not what it is. + } + + var exists + var stat = this.statCache[abs] + if (stat !== undefined) { + if (stat === false) + return cb(null, stat) + else { + var type = stat.isDirectory() ? 'DIR' : 'FILE' + if (needDir && type === 'FILE') + return cb() + else + return cb(null, type, stat) + } + } + + var self = this + var statcb = inflight('stat\0' + abs, lstatcb_) + if (statcb) + fs.lstat(abs, statcb) + + function lstatcb_ (er, lstat) { + if (lstat && lstat.isSymbolicLink()) { + // If it's a symlink, then treat it as the target, unless + // the target does not exist, then treat it as a file. + return fs.stat(abs, function (er, stat) { + if (er) + self._stat2(f, abs, null, lstat, cb) + else + self._stat2(f, abs, er, stat, cb) + }) + } else { + self._stat2(f, abs, er, lstat, cb) + } + } +} + +Glob.prototype._stat2 = function (f, abs, er, stat, cb) { + if (er) { + this.statCache[abs] = false + return cb() + } + + var needDir = f.slice(-1) === '/' + this.statCache[abs] = stat + + if (abs.slice(-1) === '/' && !stat.isDirectory()) + return cb(null, false, stat) + + var c = stat.isDirectory() ? 'DIR' : 'FILE' + this.cache[abs] = this.cache[abs] || c + + if (needDir && c !== 'DIR') + return cb() + + return cb(null, c, stat) +} + +}).call(this,require('_process')) +},{"./common.js":15,"./sync.js":17,"_process":24,"assert":9,"events":14,"fs":12,"inflight":18,"inherits":19,"minimatch":20,"once":21,"path":22,"path-is-absolute":23,"util":28}],17:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process){ +module.exports = globSync +globSync.GlobSync = GlobSync + +var fs = require('fs') +var minimatch = require('minimatch') +var Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch +var Glob = require('./glob.js').Glob +var util = require('util') +var path = require('path') +var assert = require('assert') +var isAbsolute = require('path-is-absolute') +var common = require('./common.js') +var alphasort = common.alphasort +var alphasorti = common.alphasorti +var setopts = common.setopts +var ownProp = common.ownProp +var childrenIgnored = common.childrenIgnored + +function globSync (pattern, options) { + if (typeof options === 'function' || arguments.length === 3) + throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob\n'+ + 'See: https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/167') + + return new GlobSync(pattern, options).found +} + +function GlobSync (pattern, options) { + if (!pattern) + throw new Error('must provide pattern') + + if (typeof options === 'function' || arguments.length === 3) + throw new TypeError('callback provided to sync glob\n'+ + 'See: https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/167') + + if (!(this instanceof GlobSync)) + return new GlobSync(pattern, options) + + setopts(this, pattern, options) + + if (this.noprocess) + return this + + var n = this.minimatch.set.length + this.matches = new Array(n) + for (var i = 0; i < n; i ++) { + this._process(this.minimatch.set[i], i, false) + } + this._finish() +} + +GlobSync.prototype._finish = function () { + assert(this instanceof GlobSync) + if (this.realpath) { + var self = this + this.matches.forEach(function (matchset, index) { + var set = self.matches[index] = Object.create(null) + for (var p in matchset) { + try { + p = self._makeAbs(p) + var real = fs.realpathSync(p, self.realpathCache) + set[real] = true + } catch (er) { + if (er.syscall === 'stat') + set[self._makeAbs(p)] = true + else + throw er + } + } + }) + } + common.finish(this) +} + + +GlobSync.prototype._process = function (pattern, index, inGlobStar) { + assert(this instanceof GlobSync) + + // Get the first [n] parts of pattern that are all strings. + var n = 0 + while (typeof pattern[n] === 'string') { + n ++ + } + // now n is the index of the first one that is *not* a string. + + // See if there's anything else + var prefix + switch (n) { + // if not, then this is rather simple + case pattern.length: + this._processSimple(pattern.join('/'), index) + return + + case 0: + // pattern *starts* with some non-trivial item. + // going to readdir(cwd), but not include the prefix in matches. + prefix = null + break + + default: + // pattern has some string bits in the front. + // whatever it starts with, whether that's 'absolute' like /foo/bar, + // or 'relative' like '../baz' + prefix = pattern.slice(0, n).join('/') + break + } + + var remain = pattern.slice(n) + + // get the list of entries. + var read + if (prefix === null) + read = '.' + else if (isAbsolute(prefix) || isAbsolute(pattern.join('/'))) { + if (!prefix || !isAbsolute(prefix)) + prefix = '/' + prefix + read = prefix + } else + read = prefix + + var abs = this._makeAbs(read) + + //if ignored, skip processing + if (childrenIgnored(this, read)) + return + + var isGlobStar = remain[0] === minimatch.GLOBSTAR + if (isGlobStar) + this._processGlobStar(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar) + else + this._processReaddir(prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar) +} + + +GlobSync.prototype._processReaddir = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar) { + var entries = this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar) + + // if the abs isn't a dir, then nothing can match! + if (!entries) + return + + // It will only match dot entries if it starts with a dot, or if + // dot is set. Stuff like @(.foo|.bar) isn't allowed. + var pn = remain[0] + var negate = !!this.minimatch.negate + var rawGlob = pn._glob + var dotOk = this.dot || rawGlob.charAt(0) === '.' + + var matchedEntries = [] + for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) { + var e = entries[i] + if (e.charAt(0) !== '.' || dotOk) { + var m + if (negate && !prefix) { + m = !e.match(pn) + } else { + m = e.match(pn) + } + if (m) + matchedEntries.push(e) + } + } + + var len = matchedEntries.length + // If there are no matched entries, then nothing matches. + if (len === 0) + return + + // if this is the last remaining pattern bit, then no need for + // an additional stat *unless* the user has specified mark or + // stat explicitly. We know they exist, since readdir returned + // them. + + if (remain.length === 1 && !this.mark && !this.stat) { + if (!this.matches[index]) + this.matches[index] = Object.create(null) + + for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) { + var e = matchedEntries[i] + if (prefix) { + if (prefix.slice(-1) !== '/') + e = prefix + '/' + e + else + e = prefix + e + } + + if (e.charAt(0) === '/' && !this.nomount) { + e = path.join(this.root, e) + } + this.matches[index][e] = true + } + // This was the last one, and no stats were needed + return + } + + // now test all matched entries as stand-ins for that part + // of the pattern. + remain.shift() + for (var i = 0; i < len; i ++) { + var e = matchedEntries[i] + var newPattern + if (prefix) + newPattern = [prefix, e] + else + newPattern = [e] + this._process(newPattern.concat(remain), index, inGlobStar) + } +} + + +GlobSync.prototype._emitMatch = function (index, e) { + var abs = this._makeAbs(e) + if (this.mark) + e = this._mark(e) + + if (this.matches[index][e]) + return + + if (this.nodir) { + var c = this.cache[this._makeAbs(e)] + if (c === 'DIR' || Array.isArray(c)) + return + } + + this.matches[index][e] = true + if (this.stat) + this._stat(e) +} + + +GlobSync.prototype._readdirInGlobStar = function (abs) { + // follow all symlinked directories forever + // just proceed as if this is a non-globstar situation + if (this.follow) + return this._readdir(abs, false) + + var entries + var lstat + var stat + try { + lstat = fs.lstatSync(abs) + } catch (er) { + // lstat failed, doesn't exist + return null + } + + var isSym = lstat.isSymbolicLink() + this.symlinks[abs] = isSym + + // If it's not a symlink or a dir, then it's definitely a regular file. + // don't bother doing a readdir in that case. + if (!isSym && !lstat.isDirectory()) + this.cache[abs] = 'FILE' + else + entries = this._readdir(abs, false) + + return entries +} + +GlobSync.prototype._readdir = function (abs, inGlobStar) { + var entries + + if (inGlobStar && !ownProp(this.symlinks, abs)) + return this._readdirInGlobStar(abs) + + if (ownProp(this.cache, abs)) { + var c = this.cache[abs] + if (!c || c === 'FILE') + return null + + if (Array.isArray(c)) + return c + } + + try { + return this._readdirEntries(abs, fs.readdirSync(abs)) + } catch (er) { + this._readdirError(abs, er) + return null + } +} + +GlobSync.prototype._readdirEntries = function (abs, entries) { + // if we haven't asked to stat everything, then just + // assume that everything in there exists, so we can avoid + // having to stat it a second time. + if (!this.mark && !this.stat) { + for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; i ++) { + var e = entries[i] + if (abs === '/') + e = abs + e + else + e = abs + '/' + e + this.cache[e] = true + } + } + + this.cache[abs] = entries + + // mark and cache dir-ness + return entries +} + +GlobSync.prototype._readdirError = function (f, er) { + // handle errors, and cache the information + switch (er.code) { + case 'ENOTSUP': // https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob/issues/205 + case 'ENOTDIR': // totally normal. means it *does* exist. + this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = 'FILE' + break + + case 'ENOENT': // not terribly unusual + case 'ELOOP': + case 'ENAMETOOLONG': + case 'UNKNOWN': + this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false + break + + default: // some unusual error. Treat as failure. + this.cache[this._makeAbs(f)] = false + if (this.strict) + throw er + if (!this.silent) + console.error('glob error', er) + break + } +} + +GlobSync.prototype._processGlobStar = function (prefix, read, abs, remain, index, inGlobStar) { + + var entries = this._readdir(abs, inGlobStar) + + // no entries means not a dir, so it can never have matches + // foo.txt/** doesn't match foo.txt + if (!entries) + return + + // test without the globstar, and with every child both below + // and replacing the globstar. + var remainWithoutGlobStar = remain.slice(1) + var gspref = prefix ? [ prefix ] : [] + var noGlobStar = gspref.concat(remainWithoutGlobStar) + + // the noGlobStar pattern exits the inGlobStar state + this._process(noGlobStar, index, false) + + var len = entries.length + var isSym = this.symlinks[abs] + + // If it's a symlink, and we're in a globstar, then stop + if (isSym && inGlobStar) + return + + for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) { + var e = entries[i] + if (e.charAt(0) === '.' && !this.dot) + continue + + // these two cases enter the inGlobStar state + var instead = gspref.concat(entries[i], remainWithoutGlobStar) + this._process(instead, index, true) + + var below = gspref.concat(entries[i], remain) + this._process(below, index, true) + } +} + +GlobSync.prototype._processSimple = function (prefix, index) { + // XXX review this. Shouldn't it be doing the mounting etc + // before doing stat? kinda weird? + var exists = this._stat(prefix) + + if (!this.matches[index]) + this.matches[index] = Object.create(null) + + // If it doesn't exist, then just mark the lack of results + if (!exists) + return + + if (prefix && isAbsolute(prefix) && !this.nomount) { + var trail = /[\/\\]$/.test(prefix) + if (prefix.charAt(0) === '/') { + prefix = path.join(this.root, prefix) + } else { + prefix = path.resolve(this.root, prefix) + if (trail) + prefix += '/' + } + } + + if (process.platform === 'win32') + prefix = prefix.replace(/\\/g, '/') + + // Mark this as a match + this.matches[index][prefix] = true +} + +// Returns either 'DIR', 'FILE', or false +GlobSync.prototype._stat = function (f) { + var abs = this._makeAbs(f) + var needDir = f.slice(-1) === '/' + + if (f.length > this.maxLength) + return false + + if (!this.stat && ownProp(this.cache, abs)) { + var c = this.cache[abs] + + if (Array.isArray(c)) + c = 'DIR' + + // It exists, but maybe not how we need it + if (!needDir || c === 'DIR') + return c + + if (needDir && c === 'FILE') + return false + + // otherwise we have to stat, because maybe c=true + // if we know it exists, but not what it is. + } + + var exists + var stat = this.statCache[abs] + if (!stat) { + var lstat + try { + lstat = fs.lstatSync(abs) + } catch (er) { + return false + } + + if (lstat.isSymbolicLink()) { + try { + stat = fs.statSync(abs) + } catch (er) { + stat = lstat + } + } else { + stat = lstat + } + } + + this.statCache[abs] = stat + + var c = stat.isDirectory() ? 'DIR' : 'FILE' + this.cache[abs] = this.cache[abs] || c + + if (needDir && c !== 'DIR') + return false + + return c +} + +GlobSync.prototype._mark = function (p) { + return common.mark(this, p) +} + +GlobSync.prototype._makeAbs = function (f) { + return common.makeAbs(this, f) +} + +}).call(this,require('_process')) +},{"./common.js":15,"./glob.js":16,"_process":24,"assert":9,"fs":12,"minimatch":20,"path":22,"path-is-absolute":23,"util":28}],18:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process){ +var wrappy = require('wrappy') +var reqs = Object.create(null) +var once = require('once') + +module.exports = wrappy(inflight) + +function inflight (key, cb) { + if (reqs[key]) { + reqs[key].push(cb) + return null + } else { + reqs[key] = [cb] + return makeres(key) + } +} + +function makeres (key) { + return once(function RES () { + var cbs = reqs[key] + var len = cbs.length + var args = slice(arguments) + + // XXX It's somewhat ambiguous whether a new callback added in this + // pass should be queued for later execution if something in the + // list of callbacks throws, or if it should just be discarded. + // However, it's such an edge case that it hardly matters, and either + // choice is likely as surprising as the other. + // As it happens, we do go ahead and schedule it for later execution. + try { + for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) { + cbs[i].apply(null, args) + } + } finally { + if (cbs.length > len) { + // added more in the interim. + // de-zalgo, just in case, but don't call again. + cbs.splice(0, len) + process.nextTick(function () { + RES.apply(null, args) + }) + } else { + delete reqs[key] + } + } + }) +} + +function slice (args) { + var length = args.length + var array = [] + + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) array[i] = args[i] + return array +} + +}).call(this,require('_process')) +},{"_process":24,"once":21,"wrappy":29}],19:[function(require,module,exports){ +if (typeof Object.create === 'function') { + // implementation from standard node.js 'util' module + module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) { + ctor.super_ = superCtor + ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, { + constructor: { + value: ctor, + enumerable: false, + writable: true, + configurable: true + } + }); + }; +} else { + // old school shim for old browsers + module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) { + ctor.super_ = superCtor + var TempCtor = function () {} + TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype + ctor.prototype = new TempCtor() + ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor + } +} + +},{}],20:[function(require,module,exports){ +module.exports = minimatch +minimatch.Minimatch = Minimatch + +var path = { sep: '/' } +try { + path = require('path') +} catch (er) {} + +var GLOBSTAR = minimatch.GLOBSTAR = Minimatch.GLOBSTAR = {} +var expand = require('brace-expansion') + +var plTypes = { + '!': { open: '(?:(?!(?:', close: '))[^/]*?)'}, + '?': { open: '(?:', close: ')?' }, + '+': { open: '(?:', close: ')+' }, + '*': { open: '(?:', close: ')*' }, + '@': { open: '(?:', close: ')' } +} + +// any single thing other than / +// don't need to escape / when using new RegExp() +var qmark = '[^/]' + +// * => any number of characters +var star = qmark + '*?' + +// ** when dots are allowed. Anything goes, except .. and . +// not (^ or / followed by one or two dots followed by $ or /), +// followed by anything, any number of times. +var twoStarDot = '(?:(?!(?:\\\/|^)(?:\\.{1,2})($|\\\/)).)*?' + +// not a ^ or / followed by a dot, +// followed by anything, any number of times. +var twoStarNoDot = '(?:(?!(?:\\\/|^)\\.).)*?' + +// characters that need to be escaped in RegExp. +var reSpecials = charSet('().*{}+?[]^$\\!') + +// "abc" -> { a:true, b:true, c:true } +function charSet (s) { + return s.split('').reduce(function (set, c) { + set[c] = true + return set + }, {}) +} + +// normalizes slashes. +var slashSplit = /\/+/ + +minimatch.filter = filter +function filter (pattern, options) { + options = options || {} + return function (p, i, list) { + return minimatch(p, pattern, options) + } +} + +function ext (a, b) { + a = a || {} + b = b || {} + var t = {} + Object.keys(b).forEach(function (k) { + t[k] = b[k] + }) + Object.keys(a).forEach(function (k) { + t[k] = a[k] + }) + return t +} + +minimatch.defaults = function (def) { + if (!def || !Object.keys(def).length) return minimatch + + var orig = minimatch + + var m = function minimatch (p, pattern, options) { + return orig.minimatch(p, pattern, ext(def, options)) + } + + m.Minimatch = function Minimatch (pattern, options) { + return new orig.Minimatch(pattern, ext(def, options)) + } + + return m +} + +Minimatch.defaults = function (def) { + if (!def || !Object.keys(def).length) return Minimatch + return minimatch.defaults(def).Minimatch +} + +function minimatch (p, pattern, options) { + if (typeof pattern !== 'string') { + throw new TypeError('glob pattern string required') + } + + if (!options) options = {} + + // shortcut: comments match nothing. + if (!options.nocomment && pattern.charAt(0) === '#') { + return false + } + + // "" only matches "" + if (pattern.trim() === '') return p === '' + + return new Minimatch(pattern, options).match(p) +} + +function Minimatch (pattern, options) { + if (!(this instanceof Minimatch)) { + return new Minimatch(pattern, options) + } + + if (typeof pattern !== 'string') { + throw new TypeError('glob pattern string required') + } + + if (!options) options = {} + pattern = pattern.trim() + + // windows support: need to use /, not \ + if (path.sep !== '/') { + pattern = pattern.split(path.sep).join('/') + } + + this.options = options + this.set = [] + this.pattern = pattern + this.regexp = null + this.negate = false + this.comment = false + this.empty = false + + // make the set of regexps etc. + this.make() +} + +Minimatch.prototype.debug = function () {} + +Minimatch.prototype.make = make +function make () { + // don't do it more than once. + if (this._made) return + + var pattern = this.pattern + var options = this.options + + // empty patterns and comments match nothing. + if (!options.nocomment && pattern.charAt(0) === '#') { + this.comment = true + return + } + if (!pattern) { + this.empty = true + return + } + + // step 1: figure out negation, etc. + this.parseNegate() + + // step 2: expand braces + var set = this.globSet = this.braceExpand() + + if (options.debug) this.debug = console.error + + this.debug(this.pattern, set) + + // step 3: now we have a set, so turn each one into a series of path-portion + // matching patterns. + // These will be regexps, except in the case of "**", which is + // set to the GLOBSTAR object for globstar behavior, + // and will not contain any / characters + set = this.globParts = set.map(function (s) { + return s.split(slashSplit) + }) + + this.debug(this.pattern, set) + + // glob --> regexps + set = set.map(function (s, si, set) { + return s.map(this.parse, this) + }, this) + + this.debug(this.pattern, set) + + // filter out everything that didn't compile properly. + set = set.filter(function (s) { + return s.indexOf(false) === -1 + }) + + this.debug(this.pattern, set) + + this.set = set +} + +Minimatch.prototype.parseNegate = parseNegate +function parseNegate () { + var pattern = this.pattern + var negate = false + var options = this.options + var negateOffset = 0 + + if (options.nonegate) return + + for (var i = 0, l = pattern.length + ; i < l && pattern.charAt(i) === '!' + ; i++) { + negate = !negate + negateOffset++ + } + + if (negateOffset) this.pattern = pattern.substr(negateOffset) + this.negate = negate +} + +// Brace expansion: +// a{b,c}d -> abd acd +// a{b,}c -> abc ac +// a{0..3}d -> a0d a1d a2d a3d +// a{b,c{d,e}f}g -> abg acdfg acefg +// a{b,c}d{e,f}g -> abdeg acdeg abdeg abdfg +// +// Invalid sets are not expanded. +// a{2..}b -> a{2..}b +// a{b}c -> a{b}c +minimatch.braceExpand = function (pattern, options) { + return braceExpand(pattern, options) +} + +Minimatch.prototype.braceExpand = braceExpand + +function braceExpand (pattern, options) { + if (!options) { + if (this instanceof Minimatch) { + options = this.options + } else { + options = {} + } + } + + pattern = typeof pattern === 'undefined' + ? this.pattern : pattern + + if (typeof pattern === 'undefined') { + throw new TypeError('undefined pattern') + } + + if (options.nobrace || + !pattern.match(/\{.*\}/)) { + // shortcut. no need to expand. + return [pattern] + } + + return expand(pattern) +} + +// parse a component of the expanded set. +// At this point, no pattern may contain "/" in it +// so we're going to return a 2d array, where each entry is the full +// pattern, split on '/', and then turned into a regular expression. +// A regexp is made at the end which joins each array with an +// escaped /, and another full one which joins each regexp with |. +// +// Following the lead of Bash 4.1, note that "**" only has special meaning +// when it is the *only* thing in a path portion. Otherwise, any series +// of * is equivalent to a single *. Globstar behavior is enabled by +// default, and can be disabled by setting options.noglobstar. +Minimatch.prototype.parse = parse +var SUBPARSE = {} +function parse (pattern, isSub) { + if (pattern.length > 1024 * 64) { + throw new TypeError('pattern is too long') + } + + var options = this.options + + // shortcuts + if (!options.noglobstar && pattern === '**') return GLOBSTAR + if (pattern === '') return '' + + var re = '' + var hasMagic = !!options.nocase + var escaping = false + // ? => one single character + var patternListStack = [] + var negativeLists = [] + var stateChar + var inClass = false + var reClassStart = -1 + var classStart = -1 + // . and .. never match anything that doesn't start with ., + // even when options.dot is set. + var patternStart = pattern.charAt(0) === '.' ? '' // anything + // not (start or / followed by . or .. followed by / or end) + : options.dot ? '(?!(?:^|\\\/)\\.{1,2}(?:$|\\\/))' + : '(?!\\.)' + var self = this + + function clearStateChar () { + if (stateChar) { + // we had some state-tracking character + // that wasn't consumed by this pass. + switch (stateChar) { + case '*': + re += star + hasMagic = true + break + case '?': + re += qmark + hasMagic = true + break + default: + re += '\\' + stateChar + break + } + self.debug('clearStateChar %j %j', stateChar, re) + stateChar = false + } + } + + for (var i = 0, len = pattern.length, c + ; (i < len) && (c = pattern.charAt(i)) + ; i++) { + this.debug('%s\t%s %s %j', pattern, i, re, c) + + // skip over any that are escaped. + if (escaping && reSpecials[c]) { + re += '\\' + c + escaping = false + continue + } + + switch (c) { + case '/': + // completely not allowed, even escaped. + // Should already be path-split by now. + return false + + case '\\': + clearStateChar() + escaping = true + continue + + // the various stateChar values + // for the "extglob" stuff. + case '?': + case '*': + case '+': + case '@': + case '!': + this.debug('%s\t%s %s %j <-- stateChar', pattern, i, re, c) + + // all of those are literals inside a class, except that + // the glob [!a] means [^a] in regexp + if (inClass) { + this.debug(' in class') + if (c === '!' && i === classStart + 1) c = '^' + re += c + continue + } + + // if we already have a stateChar, then it means + // that there was something like ** or +? in there. + // Handle the stateChar, then proceed with this one. + self.debug('call clearStateChar %j', stateChar) + clearStateChar() + stateChar = c + // if extglob is disabled, then +(asdf|foo) isn't a thing. + // just clear the statechar *now*, rather than even diving into + // the patternList stuff. + if (options.noext) clearStateChar() + continue + + case '(': + if (inClass) { + re += '(' + continue + } + + if (!stateChar) { + re += '\\(' + continue + } + + patternListStack.push({ + type: stateChar, + start: i - 1, + reStart: re.length, + open: plTypes[stateChar].open, + close: plTypes[stateChar].close + }) + // negation is (?:(?!js)[^/]*) + re += stateChar === '!' ? '(?:(?!(?:' : '(?:' + this.debug('plType %j %j', stateChar, re) + stateChar = false + continue + + case ')': + if (inClass || !patternListStack.length) { + re += '\\)' + continue + } + + clearStateChar() + hasMagic = true + var pl = patternListStack.pop() + // negation is (?:(?!js)[^/]*) + // The others are (?:) + re += pl.close + if (pl.type === '!') { + negativeLists.push(pl) + } + pl.reEnd = re.length + continue + + case '|': + if (inClass || !patternListStack.length || escaping) { + re += '\\|' + escaping = false + continue + } + + clearStateChar() + re += '|' + continue + + // these are mostly the same in regexp and glob + case '[': + // swallow any state-tracking char before the [ + clearStateChar() + + if (inClass) { + re += '\\' + c + continue + } + + inClass = true + classStart = i + reClassStart = re.length + re += c + continue + + case ']': + // a right bracket shall lose its special + // meaning and represent itself in + // a bracket expression if it occurs + // first in the list. -- POSIX.2 2.8.3.2 + if (i === classStart + 1 || !inClass) { + re += '\\' + c + escaping = false + continue + } + + // handle the case where we left a class open. + // "[z-a]" is valid, equivalent to "\[z-a\]" + if (inClass) { + // split where the last [ was, make sure we don't have + // an invalid re. if so, re-walk the contents of the + // would-be class to re-translate any characters that + // were passed through as-is + // TODO: It would probably be faster to determine this + // without a try/catch and a new RegExp, but it's tricky + // to do safely. For now, this is safe and works. + var cs = pattern.substring(classStart + 1, i) + try { + RegExp('[' + cs + ']') + } catch (er) { + // not a valid class! + var sp = this.parse(cs, SUBPARSE) + re = re.substr(0, reClassStart) + '\\[' + sp[0] + '\\]' + hasMagic = hasMagic || sp[1] + inClass = false + continue + } + } + + // finish up the class. + hasMagic = true + inClass = false + re += c + continue + + default: + // swallow any state char that wasn't consumed + clearStateChar() + + if (escaping) { + // no need + escaping = false + } else if (reSpecials[c] + && !(c === '^' && inClass)) { + re += '\\' + } + + re += c + + } // switch + } // for + + // handle the case where we left a class open. + // "[abc" is valid, equivalent to "\[abc" + if (inClass) { + // split where the last [ was, and escape it + // this is a huge pita. We now have to re-walk + // the contents of the would-be class to re-translate + // any characters that were passed through as-is + cs = pattern.substr(classStart + 1) + sp = this.parse(cs, SUBPARSE) + re = re.substr(0, reClassStart) + '\\[' + sp[0] + hasMagic = hasMagic || sp[1] + } + + // handle the case where we had a +( thing at the *end* + // of the pattern. + // each pattern list stack adds 3 chars, and we need to go through + // and escape any | chars that were passed through as-is for the regexp. + // Go through and escape them, taking care not to double-escape any + // | chars that were already escaped. + for (pl = patternListStack.pop(); pl; pl = patternListStack.pop()) { + var tail = re.slice(pl.reStart + pl.open.length) + this.debug('setting tail', re, pl) + // maybe some even number of \, then maybe 1 \, followed by a | + tail = tail.replace(/((?:\\{2}){0,64})(\\?)\|/g, function (_, $1, $2) { + if (!$2) { + // the | isn't already escaped, so escape it. + $2 = '\\' + } + + // need to escape all those slashes *again*, without escaping the + // one that we need for escaping the | character. As it works out, + // escaping an even number of slashes can be done by simply repeating + // it exactly after itself. That's why this trick works. + // + // I am sorry that you have to see this. + return $1 + $1 + $2 + '|' + }) + + this.debug('tail=%j\n %s', tail, tail, pl, re) + var t = pl.type === '*' ? star + : pl.type === '?' ? qmark + : '\\' + pl.type + + hasMagic = true + re = re.slice(0, pl.reStart) + t + '\\(' + tail + } + + // handle trailing things that only matter at the very end. + clearStateChar() + if (escaping) { + // trailing \\ + re += '\\\\' + } + + // only need to apply the nodot start if the re starts with + // something that could conceivably capture a dot + var addPatternStart = false + switch (re.charAt(0)) { + case '.': + case '[': + case '(': addPatternStart = true + } + + // Hack to work around lack of negative lookbehind in JS + // A pattern like: *.!(x).!(y|z) needs to ensure that a name + // like 'a.xyz.yz' doesn't match. So, the first negative + // lookahead, has to look ALL the way ahead, to the end of + // the pattern. + for (var n = negativeLists.length - 1; n > -1; n--) { + var nl = negativeLists[n] + + var nlBefore = re.slice(0, nl.reStart) + var nlFirst = re.slice(nl.reStart, nl.reEnd - 8) + var nlLast = re.slice(nl.reEnd - 8, nl.reEnd) + var nlAfter = re.slice(nl.reEnd) + + nlLast += nlAfter + + // Handle nested stuff like *(*.js|!(*.json)), where open parens + // mean that we should *not* include the ) in the bit that is considered + // "after" the negated section. + var openParensBefore = nlBefore.split('(').length - 1 + var cleanAfter = nlAfter + for (i = 0; i < openParensBefore; i++) { + cleanAfter = cleanAfter.replace(/\)[+*?]?/, '') + } + nlAfter = cleanAfter + + var dollar = '' + if (nlAfter === '' && isSub !== SUBPARSE) { + dollar = '$' + } + var newRe = nlBefore + nlFirst + nlAfter + dollar + nlLast + re = newRe + } + + // if the re is not "" at this point, then we need to make sure + // it doesn't match against an empty path part. + // Otherwise a/* will match a/, which it should not. + if (re !== '' && hasMagic) { + re = '(?=.)' + re + } + + if (addPatternStart) { + re = patternStart + re + } + + // parsing just a piece of a larger pattern. + if (isSub === SUBPARSE) { + return [re, hasMagic] + } + + // skip the regexp for non-magical patterns + // unescape anything in it, though, so that it'll be + // an exact match against a file etc. + if (!hasMagic) { + return globUnescape(pattern) + } + + var flags = options.nocase ? 'i' : '' + try { + var regExp = new RegExp('^' + re + '$', flags) + } catch (er) { + // If it was an invalid regular expression, then it can't match + // anything. This trick looks for a character after the end of + // the string, which is of course impossible, except in multi-line + // mode, but it's not a /m regex. + return new RegExp('$.') + } + + regExp._glob = pattern + regExp._src = re + + return regExp +} + +minimatch.makeRe = function (pattern, options) { + return new Minimatch(pattern, options || {}).makeRe() +} + +Minimatch.prototype.makeRe = makeRe +function makeRe () { + if (this.regexp || this.regexp === false) return this.regexp + + // at this point, this.set is a 2d array of partial + // pattern strings, or "**". + // + // It's better to use .match(). This function shouldn't + // be used, really, but it's pretty convenient sometimes, + // when you just want to work with a regex. + var set = this.set + + if (!set.length) { + this.regexp = false + return this.regexp + } + var options = this.options + + var twoStar = options.noglobstar ? star + : options.dot ? twoStarDot + : twoStarNoDot + var flags = options.nocase ? 'i' : '' + + var re = set.map(function (pattern) { + return pattern.map(function (p) { + return (p === GLOBSTAR) ? twoStar + : (typeof p === 'string') ? regExpEscape(p) + : p._src + }).join('\\\/') + }).join('|') + + // must match entire pattern + // ending in a * or ** will make it less strict. + re = '^(?:' + re + ')$' + + // can match anything, as long as it's not this. + if (this.negate) re = '^(?!' + re + ').*$' + + try { + this.regexp = new RegExp(re, flags) + } catch (ex) { + this.regexp = false + } + return this.regexp +} + +minimatch.match = function (list, pattern, options) { + options = options || {} + var mm = new Minimatch(pattern, options) + list = list.filter(function (f) { + return mm.match(f) + }) + if (mm.options.nonull && !list.length) { + list.push(pattern) + } + return list +} + +Minimatch.prototype.match = match +function match (f, partial) { + this.debug('match', f, this.pattern) + // short-circuit in the case of busted things. + // comments, etc. + if (this.comment) return false + if (this.empty) return f === '' + + if (f === '/' && partial) return true + + var options = this.options + + // windows: need to use /, not \ + if (path.sep !== '/') { + f = f.split(path.sep).join('/') + } + + // treat the test path as a set of pathparts. + f = f.split(slashSplit) + this.debug(this.pattern, 'split', f) + + // just ONE of the pattern sets in this.set needs to match + // in order for it to be valid. If negating, then just one + // match means that we have failed. + // Either way, return on the first hit. + + var set = this.set + this.debug(this.pattern, 'set', set) + + // Find the basename of the path by looking for the last non-empty segment + var filename + var i + for (i = f.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + filename = f[i] + if (filename) break + } + + for (i = 0; i < set.length; i++) { + var pattern = set[i] + var file = f + if (options.matchBase && pattern.length === 1) { + file = [filename] + } + var hit = this.matchOne(file, pattern, partial) + if (hit) { + if (options.flipNegate) return true + return !this.negate + } + } + + // didn't get any hits. this is success if it's a negative + // pattern, failure otherwise. + if (options.flipNegate) return false + return this.negate +} + +// set partial to true to test if, for example, +// "/a/b" matches the start of "/*/b/*/d" +// Partial means, if you run out of file before you run +// out of pattern, then that's fine, as long as all +// the parts match. +Minimatch.prototype.matchOne = function (file, pattern, partial) { + var options = this.options + + this.debug('matchOne', + { 'this': this, file: file, pattern: pattern }) + + this.debug('matchOne', file.length, pattern.length) + + for (var fi = 0, + pi = 0, + fl = file.length, + pl = pattern.length + ; (fi < fl) && (pi < pl) + ; fi++, pi++) { + this.debug('matchOne loop') + var p = pattern[pi] + var f = file[fi] + + this.debug(pattern, p, f) + + // should be impossible. + // some invalid regexp stuff in the set. + if (p === false) return false + + if (p === GLOBSTAR) { + this.debug('GLOBSTAR', [pattern, p, f]) + + // "**" + // a/**/b/**/c would match the following: + // a/b/x/y/z/c + // a/x/y/z/b/c + // a/b/x/b/x/c + // a/b/c + // To do this, take the rest of the pattern after + // the **, and see if it would match the file remainder. + // If so, return success. + // If not, the ** "swallows" a segment, and try again. + // This is recursively awful. + // + // a/**/b/**/c matching a/b/x/y/z/c + // - a matches a + // - doublestar + // - matchOne(b/x/y/z/c, b/**/c) + // - b matches b + // - doublestar + // - matchOne(x/y/z/c, c) -> no + // - matchOne(y/z/c, c) -> no + // - matchOne(z/c, c) -> no + // - matchOne(c, c) yes, hit + var fr = fi + var pr = pi + 1 + if (pr === pl) { + this.debug('** at the end') + // a ** at the end will just swallow the rest. + // We have found a match. + // however, it will not swallow /.x, unless + // options.dot is set. + // . and .. are *never* matched by **, for explosively + // exponential reasons. + for (; fi < fl; fi++) { + if (file[fi] === '.' || file[fi] === '..' || + (!options.dot && file[fi].charAt(0) === '.')) return false + } + return true + } + + // ok, let's see if we can swallow whatever we can. + while (fr < fl) { + var swallowee = file[fr] + + this.debug('\nglobstar while', file, fr, pattern, pr, swallowee) + + // XXX remove this slice. Just pass the start index. + if (this.matchOne(file.slice(fr), pattern.slice(pr), partial)) { + this.debug('globstar found match!', fr, fl, swallowee) + // found a match. + return true + } else { + // can't swallow "." or ".." ever. + // can only swallow ".foo" when explicitly asked. + if (swallowee === '.' || swallowee === '..' || + (!options.dot && swallowee.charAt(0) === '.')) { + this.debug('dot detected!', file, fr, pattern, pr) + break + } + + // ** swallows a segment, and continue. + this.debug('globstar swallow a segment, and continue') + fr++ + } + } + + // no match was found. + // However, in partial mode, we can't say this is necessarily over. + // If there's more *pattern* left, then + if (partial) { + // ran out of file + this.debug('\n>>> no match, partial?', file, fr, pattern, pr) + if (fr === fl) return true + } + return false + } + + // something other than ** + // non-magic patterns just have to match exactly + // patterns with magic have been turned into regexps. + var hit + if (typeof p === 'string') { + if (options.nocase) { + hit = f.toLowerCase() === p.toLowerCase() + } else { + hit = f === p + } + this.debug('string match', p, f, hit) + } else { + hit = f.match(p) + this.debug('pattern match', p, f, hit) + } + + if (!hit) return false + } + + // Note: ending in / means that we'll get a final "" + // at the end of the pattern. This can only match a + // corresponding "" at the end of the file. + // If the file ends in /, then it can only match a + // a pattern that ends in /, unless the pattern just + // doesn't have any more for it. But, a/b/ should *not* + // match "a/b/*", even though "" matches against the + // [^/]*? pattern, except in partial mode, where it might + // simply not be reached yet. + // However, a/b/ should still satisfy a/* + + // now either we fell off the end of the pattern, or we're done. + if (fi === fl && pi === pl) { + // ran out of pattern and filename at the same time. + // an exact hit! + return true + } else if (fi === fl) { + // ran out of file, but still had pattern left. + // this is ok if we're doing the match as part of + // a glob fs traversal. + return partial + } else if (pi === pl) { + // ran out of pattern, still have file left. + // this is only acceptable if we're on the very last + // empty segment of a file with a trailing slash. + // a/* should match a/b/ + var emptyFileEnd = (fi === fl - 1) && (file[fi] === '') + return emptyFileEnd + } + + // should be unreachable. + throw new Error('wtf?') +} + +// replace stuff like \* with * +function globUnescape (s) { + return s.replace(/\\(.)/g, '$1') +} + +function regExpEscape (s) { + return s.replace(/[-[\]{}()*+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g, '\\$&') +} + +},{"brace-expansion":11,"path":22}],21:[function(require,module,exports){ +var wrappy = require('wrappy') +module.exports = wrappy(once) +module.exports.strict = wrappy(onceStrict) + +once.proto = once(function () { + Object.defineProperty(Function.prototype, 'once', { + value: function () { + return once(this) + }, + configurable: true + }) + + Object.defineProperty(Function.prototype, 'onceStrict', { + value: function () { + return onceStrict(this) + }, + configurable: true + }) +}) + +function once (fn) { + var f = function () { + if (f.called) return f.value + f.called = true + return f.value = fn.apply(this, arguments) + } + f.called = false + return f +} + +function onceStrict (fn) { + var f = function () { + if (f.called) + throw new Error(f.onceError) + f.called = true + return f.value = fn.apply(this, arguments) + } + var name = fn.name || 'Function wrapped with `once`' + f.onceError = name + " shouldn't be called more than once" + f.called = false + return f +} + +},{"wrappy":29}],22:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process){ +// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. +// +// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a +// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the +// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including +// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, +// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit +// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the +// following conditions: +// +// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included +// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +// +// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS +// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN +// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, +// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR +// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE +// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + +// resolves . and .. elements in a path array with directory names there +// must be no slashes, empty elements, or device names (c:\) in the array +// (so also no leading and trailing slashes - it does not distinguish +// relative and absolute paths) +function normalizeArray(parts, allowAboveRoot) { + // if the path tries to go above the root, `up` ends up > 0 + var up = 0; + for (var i = parts.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + var last = parts[i]; + if (last === '.') { + parts.splice(i, 1); + } else if (last === '..') { + parts.splice(i, 1); + up++; + } else if (up) { + parts.splice(i, 1); + up--; + } + } + + // if the path is allowed to go above the root, restore leading ..s + if (allowAboveRoot) { + for (; up--; up) { + parts.unshift('..'); + } + } + + return parts; +} + +// Split a filename into [root, dir, basename, ext], unix version +// 'root' is just a slash, or nothing. +var splitPathRe = + /^(\/?|)([\s\S]*?)((?:\.{1,2}|[^\/]+?|)(\.[^.\/]*|))(?:[\/]*)$/; +var splitPath = function(filename) { + return splitPathRe.exec(filename).slice(1); +}; + +// path.resolve([from ...], to) +// posix version +exports.resolve = function() { + var resolvedPath = '', + resolvedAbsolute = false; + + for (var i = arguments.length - 1; i >= -1 && !resolvedAbsolute; i--) { + var path = (i >= 0) ? arguments[i] : process.cwd(); + + // Skip empty and invalid entries + if (typeof path !== 'string') { + throw new TypeError('Arguments to path.resolve must be strings'); + } else if (!path) { + continue; + } + + resolvedPath = path + '/' + resolvedPath; + resolvedAbsolute = path.charAt(0) === '/'; + } + + // At this point the path should be resolved to a full absolute path, but + // handle relative paths to be safe (might happen when process.cwd() fails) + + // Normalize the path + resolvedPath = normalizeArray(filter(resolvedPath.split('/'), function(p) { + return !!p; + }), !resolvedAbsolute).join('/'); + + return ((resolvedAbsolute ? '/' : '') + resolvedPath) || '.'; +}; + +// path.normalize(path) +// posix version +exports.normalize = function(path) { + var isAbsolute = exports.isAbsolute(path), + trailingSlash = substr(path, -1) === '/'; + + // Normalize the path + path = normalizeArray(filter(path.split('/'), function(p) { + return !!p; + }), !isAbsolute).join('/'); + + if (!path && !isAbsolute) { + path = '.'; + } + if (path && trailingSlash) { + path += '/'; + } + + return (isAbsolute ? '/' : '') + path; +}; + +// posix version +exports.isAbsolute = function(path) { + return path.charAt(0) === '/'; +}; + +// posix version +exports.join = function() { + var paths = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0); + return exports.normalize(filter(paths, function(p, index) { + if (typeof p !== 'string') { + throw new TypeError('Arguments to path.join must be strings'); + } + return p; + }).join('/')); +}; + + +// path.relative(from, to) +// posix version +exports.relative = function(from, to) { + from = exports.resolve(from).substr(1); + to = exports.resolve(to).substr(1); + + function trim(arr) { + var start = 0; + for (; start < arr.length; start++) { + if (arr[start] !== '') break; + } + + var end = arr.length - 1; + for (; end >= 0; end--) { + if (arr[end] !== '') break; + } + + if (start > end) return []; + return arr.slice(start, end - start + 1); + } + + var fromParts = trim(from.split('/')); + var toParts = trim(to.split('/')); + + var length = Math.min(fromParts.length, toParts.length); + var samePartsLength = length; + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + if (fromParts[i] !== toParts[i]) { + samePartsLength = i; + break; + } + } + + var outputParts = []; + for (var i = samePartsLength; i < fromParts.length; i++) { + outputParts.push('..'); + } + + outputParts = outputParts.concat(toParts.slice(samePartsLength)); + + return outputParts.join('/'); +}; + +exports.sep = '/'; +exports.delimiter = ':'; + +exports.dirname = function(path) { + var result = splitPath(path), + root = result[0], + dir = result[1]; + + if (!root && !dir) { + // No dirname whatsoever + return '.'; + } + + if (dir) { + // It has a dirname, strip trailing slash + dir = dir.substr(0, dir.length - 1); + } + + return root + dir; +}; + + +exports.basename = function(path, ext) { + var f = splitPath(path)[2]; + // TODO: make this comparison case-insensitive on windows? + if (ext && f.substr(-1 * ext.length) === ext) { + f = f.substr(0, f.length - ext.length); + } + return f; +}; + + +exports.extname = function(path) { + return splitPath(path)[3]; +}; + +function filter (xs, f) { + if (xs.filter) return xs.filter(f); + var res = []; + for (var i = 0; i < xs.length; i++) { + if (f(xs[i], i, xs)) res.push(xs[i]); + } + return res; +} + +// String.prototype.substr - negative index don't work in IE8 +var substr = 'ab'.substr(-1) === 'b' + ? function (str, start, len) { return str.substr(start, len) } + : function (str, start, len) { + if (start < 0) start = str.length + start; + return str.substr(start, len); + } +; + +}).call(this,require('_process')) +},{"_process":24}],23:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process){ +'use strict'; + +function posix(path) { + return path.charAt(0) === '/'; +} + +function win32(path) { + // https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/b3fcc245fb25539909ef1d5eaa01dbf92e168633/lib/path.js#L56 + var splitDeviceRe = /^([a-zA-Z]:|[\\\/]{2}[^\\\/]+[\\\/]+[^\\\/]+)?([\\\/])?([\s\S]*?)$/; + var result = splitDeviceRe.exec(path); + var device = result[1] || ''; + var isUnc = Boolean(device && device.charAt(1) !== ':'); + + // UNC paths are always absolute + return Boolean(result[2] || isUnc); +} + +module.exports = process.platform === 'win32' ? win32 : posix; +module.exports.posix = posix; +module.exports.win32 = win32; + +}).call(this,require('_process')) +},{"_process":24}],24:[function(require,module,exports){ +// shim for using process in browser +var process = module.exports = {}; + +// cached from whatever global is present so that test runners that stub it +// don't break things. But we need to wrap it in a try catch in case it is +// wrapped in strict mode code which doesn't define any globals. It's inside a +// function because try/catches deoptimize in certain engines. + +var cachedSetTimeout; +var cachedClearTimeout; + +function defaultSetTimout() { + throw new Error('setTimeout has not been defined'); +} +function defaultClearTimeout () { + throw new Error('clearTimeout has not been defined'); +} +(function () { + try { + if (typeof setTimeout === 'function') { + cachedSetTimeout = setTimeout; + } else { + cachedSetTimeout = defaultSetTimout; + } + } catch (e) { + cachedSetTimeout = defaultSetTimout; + } + try { + if (typeof clearTimeout === 'function') { + cachedClearTimeout = clearTimeout; + } else { + cachedClearTimeout = defaultClearTimeout; + } + } catch (e) { + cachedClearTimeout = defaultClearTimeout; + } +} ()) +function runTimeout(fun) { + if (cachedSetTimeout === setTimeout) { + //normal enviroments in sane situations + return setTimeout(fun, 0); + } + // if setTimeout wasn't available but was latter defined + if ((cachedSetTimeout === defaultSetTimout || !cachedSetTimeout) && setTimeout) { + cachedSetTimeout = setTimeout; + return setTimeout(fun, 0); + } + try { + // when when somebody has screwed with setTimeout but no I.E. maddness + return cachedSetTimeout(fun, 0); + } catch(e){ + try { + // When we are in I.E. but the script has been evaled so I.E. doesn't trust the global object when called normally + return cachedSetTimeout.call(null, fun, 0); + } catch(e){ + // same as above but when it's a version of I.E. that must have the global object for 'this', hopfully our context correct otherwise it will throw a global error + return cachedSetTimeout.call(this, fun, 0); + } + } + + +} +function runClearTimeout(marker) { + if (cachedClearTimeout === clearTimeout) { + //normal enviroments in sane situations + return clearTimeout(marker); + } + // if clearTimeout wasn't available but was latter defined + if ((cachedClearTimeout === defaultClearTimeout || !cachedClearTimeout) && clearTimeout) { + cachedClearTimeout = clearTimeout; + return clearTimeout(marker); + } + try { + // when when somebody has screwed with setTimeout but no I.E. maddness + return cachedClearTimeout(marker); + } catch (e){ + try { + // When we are in I.E. but the script has been evaled so I.E. doesn't trust the global object when called normally + return cachedClearTimeout.call(null, marker); + } catch (e){ + // same as above but when it's a version of I.E. that must have the global object for 'this', hopfully our context correct otherwise it will throw a global error. + // Some versions of I.E. have different rules for clearTimeout vs setTimeout + return cachedClearTimeout.call(this, marker); + } + } + + + +} +var queue = []; +var draining = false; +var currentQueue; +var queueIndex = -1; + +function cleanUpNextTick() { + if (!draining || !currentQueue) { + return; + } + draining = false; + if (currentQueue.length) { + queue = currentQueue.concat(queue); + } else { + queueIndex = -1; + } + if (queue.length) { + drainQueue(); + } +} + +function drainQueue() { + if (draining) { + return; + } + var timeout = runTimeout(cleanUpNextTick); + draining = true; + + var len = queue.length; + while(len) { + currentQueue = queue; + queue = []; + while (++queueIndex < len) { + if (currentQueue) { + currentQueue[queueIndex].run(); + } + } + queueIndex = -1; + len = queue.length; + } + currentQueue = null; + draining = false; + runClearTimeout(timeout); +} + +process.nextTick = function (fun) { + var args = new Array(arguments.length - 1); + if (arguments.length > 1) { + for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { + args[i - 1] = arguments[i]; + } + } + queue.push(new Item(fun, args)); + if (queue.length === 1 && !draining) { + runTimeout(drainQueue); + } +}; + +// v8 likes predictible objects +function Item(fun, array) { + this.fun = fun; + this.array = array; +} +Item.prototype.run = function () { + this.fun.apply(null, this.array); +}; +process.title = 'browser'; +process.browser = true; +process.env = {}; +process.argv = []; +process.version = ''; // empty string to avoid regexp issues +process.versions = {}; + +function noop() {} + +process.on = noop; +process.addListener = noop; +process.once = noop; +process.off = noop; +process.removeListener = noop; +process.removeAllListeners = noop; +process.emit = noop; +process.prependListener = noop; +process.prependOnceListener = noop; + +process.listeners = function (name) { return [] } + +process.binding = function (name) { + throw new Error('process.binding is not supported'); +}; + +process.cwd = function () { return '/' }; +process.chdir = function (dir) { + throw new Error('process.chdir is not supported'); +}; +process.umask = function() { return 0; }; + +},{}],25:[function(require,module,exports){ +// Underscore.js 1.8.3 +// http://underscorejs.org +// (c) 2009-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors +// Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license. + +(function() { + + // Baseline setup + // -------------- + + // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `exports` on the server. + var root = this; + + // Save the previous value of the `_` variable. + var previousUnderscore = root._; + + // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version: + var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype; + + // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes. + var + push = ArrayProto.push, + slice = ArrayProto.slice, + toString = ObjProto.toString, + hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty; + + // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use + // are declared here. + var + nativeIsArray = Array.isArray, + nativeKeys = Object.keys, + nativeBind = FuncProto.bind, + nativeCreate = Object.create; + + // Naked function reference for surrogate-prototype-swapping. + var Ctor = function(){}; + + // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below. + var _ = function(obj) { + if (obj instanceof _) return obj; + if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj); + this._wrapped = obj; + }; + + // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with + // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in + // the browser, add `_` as a global object. + if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { + if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) { + exports = module.exports = _; + } + exports._ = _; + } else { + root._ = _; + } + + // Current version. + _.VERSION = '1.8.3'; + + // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version + // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore + // functions. + var optimizeCb = function(func, context, argCount) { + if (context === void 0) return func; + switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) { + case 1: return function(value) { + return func.call(context, value); + }; + case 2: return function(value, other) { + return func.call(context, value, other); + }; + case 3: return function(value, index, collection) { + return func.call(context, value, index, collection); + }; + case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) { + return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection); + }; + } + return function() { + return func.apply(context, arguments); + }; + }; + + // A mostly-internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied + // to each element in a collection, returning the desired result — either + // identity, an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor. + var cb = function(value, context, argCount) { + if (value == null) return _.identity; + if (_.isFunction(value)) return optimizeCb(value, context, argCount); + if (_.isObject(value)) return _.matcher(value); + return _.property(value); + }; + _.iteratee = function(value, context) { + return cb(value, context, Infinity); + }; + + // An internal function for creating assigner functions. + var createAssigner = function(keysFunc, undefinedOnly) { + return function(obj) { + var length = arguments.length; + if (length < 2 || obj == null) return obj; + for (var index = 1; index < length; index++) { + var source = arguments[index], + keys = keysFunc(source), + l = keys.length; + for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + if (!undefinedOnly || obj[key] === void 0) obj[key] = source[key]; + } + } + return obj; + }; + }; + + // An internal function for creating a new object that inherits from another. + var baseCreate = function(prototype) { + if (!_.isObject(prototype)) return {}; + if (nativeCreate) return nativeCreate(prototype); + Ctor.prototype = prototype; + var result = new Ctor; + Ctor.prototype = null; + return result; + }; + + var property = function(key) { + return function(obj) { + return obj == null ? void 0 : obj[key]; + }; + }; + + // Helper for collection methods to determine whether a collection + // should be iterated as an array or as an object + // Related: http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-tolength + // Avoids a very nasty iOS 8 JIT bug on ARM-64. #2094 + var MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1; + var getLength = property('length'); + var isArrayLike = function(collection) { + var length = getLength(collection); + return typeof length == 'number' && length >= 0 && length <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX; + }; + + // Collection Functions + // -------------------- + + // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`. + // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all + // sparse array-likes as if they were dense. + _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context); + var i, length; + if (isArrayLike(obj)) { + for (i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) { + iteratee(obj[i], i, obj); + } + } else { + var keys = _.keys(obj); + for (i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) { + iteratee(obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj); + } + } + return obj; + }; + + // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element. + _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj), + length = (keys || obj).length, + results = Array(length); + for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) { + var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index; + results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj); + } + return results; + }; + + // Create a reducing function iterating left or right. + function createReduce(dir) { + // Optimized iterator function as using arguments.length + // in the main function will deoptimize the, see #1991. + function iterator(obj, iteratee, memo, keys, index, length) { + for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) { + var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index; + memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj); + } + return memo; + } + + return function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) { + iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 4); + var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj), + length = (keys || obj).length, + index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1; + // Determine the initial value if none is provided. + if (arguments.length < 3) { + memo = obj[keys ? keys[index] : index]; + index += dir; + } + return iterator(obj, iteratee, memo, keys, index, length); + }; + } + + // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`, + // or `foldl`. + _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = createReduce(1); + + // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`. + _.reduceRight = _.foldr = createReduce(-1); + + // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`. + _.find = _.detect = function(obj, predicate, context) { + var key; + if (isArrayLike(obj)) { + key = _.findIndex(obj, predicate, context); + } else { + key = _.findKey(obj, predicate, context); + } + if (key !== void 0 && key !== -1) return obj[key]; + }; + + // Return all the elements that pass a truth test. + // Aliased as `select`. + _.filter = _.select = function(obj, predicate, context) { + var results = []; + predicate = cb(predicate, context); + _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) { + if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value); + }); + return results; + }; + + // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails. + _.reject = function(obj, predicate, context) { + return _.filter(obj, _.negate(cb(predicate)), context); + }; + + // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. + // Aliased as `all`. + _.every = _.all = function(obj, predicate, context) { + predicate = cb(predicate, context); + var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj), + length = (keys || obj).length; + for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) { + var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index; + if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false; + } + return true; + }; + + // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. + // Aliased as `any`. + _.some = _.any = function(obj, predicate, context) { + predicate = cb(predicate, context); + var keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && _.keys(obj), + length = (keys || obj).length; + for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) { + var currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index; + if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true; + } + return false; + }; + + // Determine if the array or object contains a given item (using `===`). + // Aliased as `includes` and `include`. + _.contains = _.includes = _.include = function(obj, item, fromIndex, guard) { + if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = _.values(obj); + if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || guard) fromIndex = 0; + return _.indexOf(obj, item, fromIndex) >= 0; + }; + + // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection. + _.invoke = function(obj, method) { + var args = slice.call(arguments, 2); + var isFunc = _.isFunction(method); + return _.map(obj, function(value) { + var func = isFunc ? method : value[method]; + return func == null ? func : func.apply(value, args); + }); + }; + + // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property. + _.pluck = function(obj, key) { + return _.map(obj, _.property(key)); + }; + + // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects + // containing specific `key:value` pairs. + _.where = function(obj, attrs) { + return _.filter(obj, _.matcher(attrs)); + }; + + // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object + // containing specific `key:value` pairs. + _.findWhere = function(obj, attrs) { + return _.find(obj, _.matcher(attrs)); + }; + + // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation). + _.max = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity, + value, computed; + if (iteratee == null && obj != null) { + obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : _.values(obj); + for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) { + value = obj[i]; + if (value > result) { + result = value; + } + } + } else { + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) { + computed = iteratee(value, index, list); + if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) { + result = value; + lastComputed = computed; + } + }); + } + return result; + }; + + // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation). + _.min = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity, + value, computed; + if (iteratee == null && obj != null) { + obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : _.values(obj); + for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) { + value = obj[i]; + if (value < result) { + result = value; + } + } + } else { + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) { + computed = iteratee(value, index, list); + if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) { + result = value; + lastComputed = computed; + } + }); + } + return result; + }; + + // Shuffle a collection, using the modern version of the + // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle). + _.shuffle = function(obj) { + var set = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : _.values(obj); + var length = set.length; + var shuffled = Array(length); + for (var index = 0, rand; index < length; index++) { + rand = _.random(0, index); + if (rand !== index) shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand]; + shuffled[rand] = set[index]; + } + return shuffled; + }; + + // Sample **n** random values from a collection. + // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element. + // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`. + _.sample = function(obj, n, guard) { + if (n == null || guard) { + if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = _.values(obj); + return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)]; + } + return _.shuffle(obj).slice(0, Math.max(0, n)); + }; + + // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee. + _.sortBy = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) { + return { + value: value, + index: index, + criteria: iteratee(value, index, list) + }; + }).sort(function(left, right) { + var a = left.criteria; + var b = right.criteria; + if (a !== b) { + if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1; + if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1; + } + return left.index - right.index; + }), 'value'); + }; + + // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations. + var group = function(behavior) { + return function(obj, iteratee, context) { + var result = {}; + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + _.each(obj, function(value, index) { + var key = iteratee(value, index, obj); + behavior(result, value, key); + }); + return result; + }; + }; + + // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute + // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion. + _.groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) { + if (_.has(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value]; + }); + + // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupBy`, but for + // when you know that your index values will be unique. + _.indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) { + result[key] = value; + }); + + // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass + // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the + // criterion. + _.countBy = group(function(result, value, key) { + if (_.has(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1; + }); + + // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable. + _.toArray = function(obj) { + if (!obj) return []; + if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj); + if (isArrayLike(obj)) return _.map(obj, _.identity); + return _.values(obj); + }; + + // Return the number of elements in an object. + _.size = function(obj) { + if (obj == null) return 0; + return isArrayLike(obj) ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length; + }; + + // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all satisfy the given + // predicate, and one whose elements all do not satisfy the predicate. + _.partition = function(obj, predicate, context) { + predicate = cb(predicate, context); + var pass = [], fail = []; + _.each(obj, function(value, key, obj) { + (predicate(value, key, obj) ? pass : fail).push(value); + }); + return [pass, fail]; + }; + + // Array Functions + // --------------- + + // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N + // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check + // allows it to work with `_.map`. + _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) { + if (array == null) return void 0; + if (n == null || guard) return array[0]; + return _.initial(array, array.length - n); + }; + + // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on + // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in + // the array, excluding the last N. + _.initial = function(array, n, guard) { + return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n))); + }; + + // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N + // values in the array. + _.last = function(array, n, guard) { + if (array == null) return void 0; + if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1]; + return _.rest(array, Math.max(0, array.length - n)); + }; + + // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`. + // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return + // the rest N values in the array. + _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) { + return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n); + }; + + // Trim out all falsy values from an array. + _.compact = function(array) { + return _.filter(array, _.identity); + }; + + // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function. + var flatten = function(input, shallow, strict, startIndex) { + var output = [], idx = 0; + for (var i = startIndex || 0, length = getLength(input); i < length; i++) { + var value = input[i]; + if (isArrayLike(value) && (_.isArray(value) || _.isArguments(value))) { + //flatten current level of array or arguments object + if (!shallow) value = flatten(value, shallow, strict); + var j = 0, len = value.length; + output.length += len; + while (j < len) { + output[idx++] = value[j++]; + } + } else if (!strict) { + output[idx++] = value; + } + } + return output; + }; + + // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level. + _.flatten = function(array, shallow) { + return flatten(array, shallow, false); + }; + + // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s). + _.without = function(array) { + return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1)); + }; + + // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already + // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm. + // Aliased as `unique`. + _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) { + if (!_.isBoolean(isSorted)) { + context = iteratee; + iteratee = isSorted; + isSorted = false; + } + if (iteratee != null) iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + var result = []; + var seen = []; + for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) { + var value = array[i], + computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, i, array) : value; + if (isSorted) { + if (!i || seen !== computed) result.push(value); + seen = computed; + } else if (iteratee) { + if (!_.contains(seen, computed)) { + seen.push(computed); + result.push(value); + } + } else if (!_.contains(result, value)) { + result.push(value); + } + } + return result; + }; + + // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of + // the passed-in arrays. + _.union = function() { + return _.uniq(flatten(arguments, true, true)); + }; + + // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the + // passed-in arrays. + _.intersection = function(array) { + var result = []; + var argsLength = arguments.length; + for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) { + var item = array[i]; + if (_.contains(result, item)) continue; + for (var j = 1; j < argsLength; j++) { + if (!_.contains(arguments[j], item)) break; + } + if (j === argsLength) result.push(item); + } + return result; + }; + + // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays. + // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain. + _.difference = function(array) { + var rest = flatten(arguments, true, true, 1); + return _.filter(array, function(value){ + return !_.contains(rest, value); + }); + }; + + // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share + // an index go together. + _.zip = function() { + return _.unzip(arguments); + }; + + // Complement of _.zip. Unzip accepts an array of arrays and groups + // each array's elements on shared indices + _.unzip = function(array) { + var length = array && _.max(array, getLength).length || 0; + var result = Array(length); + + for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) { + result[index] = _.pluck(array, index); + } + return result; + }; + + // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]` + // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of + // the corresponding values. + _.object = function(list, values) { + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0, length = getLength(list); i < length; i++) { + if (values) { + result[list[i]] = values[i]; + } else { + result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1]; + } + } + return result; + }; + + // Generator function to create the findIndex and findLastIndex functions + function createPredicateIndexFinder(dir) { + return function(array, predicate, context) { + predicate = cb(predicate, context); + var length = getLength(array); + var index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1; + for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) { + if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) return index; + } + return -1; + }; + } + + // Returns the first index on an array-like that passes a predicate test + _.findIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(1); + _.findLastIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(-1); + + // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which + // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search. + _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iteratee, context) { + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context, 1); + var value = iteratee(obj); + var low = 0, high = getLength(array); + while (low < high) { + var mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2); + if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid; + } + return low; + }; + + // Generator function to create the indexOf and lastIndexOf functions + function createIndexFinder(dir, predicateFind, sortedIndex) { + return function(array, item, idx) { + var i = 0, length = getLength(array); + if (typeof idx == 'number') { + if (dir > 0) { + i = idx >= 0 ? idx : Math.max(idx + length, i); + } else { + length = idx >= 0 ? Math.min(idx + 1, length) : idx + length + 1; + } + } else if (sortedIndex && idx && length) { + idx = sortedIndex(array, item); + return array[idx] === item ? idx : -1; + } + if (item !== item) { + idx = predicateFind(slice.call(array, i, length), _.isNaN); + return idx >= 0 ? idx + i : -1; + } + for (idx = dir > 0 ? i : length - 1; idx >= 0 && idx < length; idx += dir) { + if (array[idx] === item) return idx; + } + return -1; + }; + } + + // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array, + // or -1 if the item is not included in the array. + // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true` + // for **isSorted** to use binary search. + _.indexOf = createIndexFinder(1, _.findIndex, _.sortedIndex); + _.lastIndexOf = createIndexFinder(-1, _.findLastIndex); + + // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of + // the native Python `range()` function. See + // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range). + _.range = function(start, stop, step) { + if (stop == null) { + stop = start || 0; + start = 0; + } + step = step || 1; + + var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0); + var range = Array(length); + + for (var idx = 0; idx < length; idx++, start += step) { + range[idx] = start; + } + + return range; + }; + + // Function (ahem) Functions + // ------------------ + + // Determines whether to execute a function as a constructor + // or a normal function with the provided arguments + var executeBound = function(sourceFunc, boundFunc, context, callingContext, args) { + if (!(callingContext instanceof boundFunc)) return sourceFunc.apply(context, args); + var self = baseCreate(sourceFunc.prototype); + var result = sourceFunc.apply(self, args); + if (_.isObject(result)) return result; + return self; + }; + + // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments, + // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if + // available. + _.bind = function(func, context) { + if (nativeBind && func.bind === nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1)); + if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function'); + var args = slice.call(arguments, 2); + var bound = function() { + return executeBound(func, bound, context, this, args.concat(slice.call(arguments))); + }; + return bound; + }; + + // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its + // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. _ acts + // as a placeholder, allowing any combination of arguments to be pre-filled. + _.partial = function(func) { + var boundArgs = slice.call(arguments, 1); + var bound = function() { + var position = 0, length = boundArgs.length; + var args = Array(length); + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + args[i] = boundArgs[i] === _ ? arguments[position++] : boundArgs[i]; + } + while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]); + return executeBound(func, bound, this, this, args); + }; + return bound; + }; + + // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments + // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks + // defined on an object belong to it. + _.bindAll = function(obj) { + var i, length = arguments.length, key; + if (length <= 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names'); + for (i = 1; i < length; i++) { + key = arguments[i]; + obj[key] = _.bind(obj[key], obj); + } + return obj; + }; + + // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results. + _.memoize = function(func, hasher) { + var memoize = function(key) { + var cache = memoize.cache; + var address = '' + (hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key); + if (!_.has(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments); + return cache[address]; + }; + memoize.cache = {}; + return memoize; + }; + + // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls + // it with the arguments supplied. + _.delay = function(func, wait) { + var args = slice.call(arguments, 2); + return setTimeout(function(){ + return func.apply(null, args); + }, wait); + }; + + // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has + // cleared. + _.defer = _.partial(_.delay, _, 1); + + // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once + // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run + // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration; + // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass + // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto. + _.throttle = function(func, wait, options) { + var context, args, result; + var timeout = null; + var previous = 0; + if (!options) options = {}; + var later = function() { + previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : _.now(); + timeout = null; + result = func.apply(context, args); + if (!timeout) context = args = null; + }; + return function() { + var now = _.now(); + if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now; + var remaining = wait - (now - previous); + context = this; + args = arguments; + if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) { + if (timeout) { + clearTimeout(timeout); + timeout = null; + } + previous = now; + result = func.apply(context, args); + if (!timeout) context = args = null; + } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) { + timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining); + } + return result; + }; + }; + + // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not + // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for + // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the + // leading edge, instead of the trailing. + _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) { + var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result; + + var later = function() { + var last = _.now() - timestamp; + + if (last < wait && last >= 0) { + timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last); + } else { + timeout = null; + if (!immediate) { + result = func.apply(context, args); + if (!timeout) context = args = null; + } + } + }; + + return function() { + context = this; + args = arguments; + timestamp = _.now(); + var callNow = immediate && !timeout; + if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); + if (callNow) { + result = func.apply(context, args); + context = args = null; + } + + return result; + }; + }; + + // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second, + // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and + // conditionally execute the original function. + _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) { + return _.partial(wrapper, func); + }; + + // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate. + _.negate = function(predicate) { + return function() { + return !predicate.apply(this, arguments); + }; + }; + + // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each + // consuming the return value of the function that follows. + _.compose = function() { + var args = arguments; + var start = args.length - 1; + return function() { + var i = start; + var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments); + while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result); + return result; + }; + }; + + // Returns a function that will only be executed on and after the Nth call. + _.after = function(times, func) { + return function() { + if (--times < 1) { + return func.apply(this, arguments); + } + }; + }; + + // Returns a function that will only be executed up to (but not including) the Nth call. + _.before = function(times, func) { + var memo; + return function() { + if (--times > 0) { + memo = func.apply(this, arguments); + } + if (times <= 1) func = null; + return memo; + }; + }; + + // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how + // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization. + _.once = _.partial(_.before, 2); + + // Object Functions + // ---------------- + + // Keys in IE < 9 that won't be iterated by `for key in ...` and thus missed. + var hasEnumBug = !{toString: null}.propertyIsEnumerable('toString'); + var nonEnumerableProps = ['valueOf', 'isPrototypeOf', 'toString', + 'propertyIsEnumerable', 'hasOwnProperty', 'toLocaleString']; + + function collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys) { + var nonEnumIdx = nonEnumerableProps.length; + var constructor = obj.constructor; + var proto = (_.isFunction(constructor) && constructor.prototype) || ObjProto; + + // Constructor is a special case. + var prop = 'constructor'; + if (_.has(obj, prop) && !_.contains(keys, prop)) keys.push(prop); + + while (nonEnumIdx--) { + prop = nonEnumerableProps[nonEnumIdx]; + if (prop in obj && obj[prop] !== proto[prop] && !_.contains(keys, prop)) { + keys.push(prop); + } + } + } + + // Retrieve the names of an object's own properties. + // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys` + _.keys = function(obj) { + if (!_.isObject(obj)) return []; + if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj); + var keys = []; + for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys.push(key); + // Ahem, IE < 9. + if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys); + return keys; + }; + + // Retrieve all the property names of an object. + _.allKeys = function(obj) { + if (!_.isObject(obj)) return []; + var keys = []; + for (var key in obj) keys.push(key); + // Ahem, IE < 9. + if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys); + return keys; + }; + + // Retrieve the values of an object's properties. + _.values = function(obj) { + var keys = _.keys(obj); + var length = keys.length; + var values = Array(length); + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + values[i] = obj[keys[i]]; + } + return values; + }; + + // Returns the results of applying the iteratee to each element of the object + // In contrast to _.map it returns an object + _.mapObject = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + iteratee = cb(iteratee, context); + var keys = _.keys(obj), + length = keys.length, + results = {}, + currentKey; + for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) { + currentKey = keys[index]; + results[currentKey] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj); + } + return results; + }; + + // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs. + _.pairs = function(obj) { + var keys = _.keys(obj); + var length = keys.length; + var pairs = Array(length); + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]]; + } + return pairs; + }; + + // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable. + _.invert = function(obj) { + var result = {}; + var keys = _.keys(obj); + for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) { + result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i]; + } + return result; + }; + + // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object. + // Aliased as `methods` + _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) { + var names = []; + for (var key in obj) { + if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key); + } + return names.sort(); + }; + + // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s). + _.extend = createAssigner(_.allKeys); + + // Assigns a given object with all the own properties in the passed-in object(s) + // (https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign) + _.extendOwn = _.assign = createAssigner(_.keys); + + // Returns the first key on an object that passes a predicate test + _.findKey = function(obj, predicate, context) { + predicate = cb(predicate, context); + var keys = _.keys(obj), key; + for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) { + key = keys[i]; + if (predicate(obj[key], key, obj)) return key; + } + }; + + // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties. + _.pick = function(object, oiteratee, context) { + var result = {}, obj = object, iteratee, keys; + if (obj == null) return result; + if (_.isFunction(oiteratee)) { + keys = _.allKeys(obj); + iteratee = optimizeCb(oiteratee, context); + } else { + keys = flatten(arguments, false, false, 1); + iteratee = function(value, key, obj) { return key in obj; }; + obj = Object(obj); + } + for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + var value = obj[key]; + if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value; + } + return result; + }; + + // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties. + _.omit = function(obj, iteratee, context) { + if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) { + iteratee = _.negate(iteratee); + } else { + var keys = _.map(flatten(arguments, false, false, 1), String); + iteratee = function(value, key) { + return !_.contains(keys, key); + }; + } + return _.pick(obj, iteratee, context); + }; + + // Fill in a given object with default properties. + _.defaults = createAssigner(_.allKeys, true); + + // Creates an object that inherits from the given prototype object. + // If additional properties are provided then they will be added to the + // created object. + _.create = function(prototype, props) { + var result = baseCreate(prototype); + if (props) _.extendOwn(result, props); + return result; + }; + + // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object. + _.clone = function(obj) { + if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj; + return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj); + }; + + // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj. + // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in + // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain. + _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) { + interceptor(obj); + return obj; + }; + + // Returns whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs. + _.isMatch = function(object, attrs) { + var keys = _.keys(attrs), length = keys.length; + if (object == null) return !length; + var obj = Object(object); + for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + if (attrs[key] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false; + } + return true; + }; + + + // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`. + var eq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) { + // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical. + // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal). + if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b; + // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`. + if (a == null || b == null) return a === b; + // Unwrap any wrapped objects. + if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped; + if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped; + // Compare `[[Class]]` names. + var className = toString.call(a); + if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false; + switch (className) { + // Strings, numbers, regular expressions, dates, and booleans are compared by value. + case '[object RegExp]': + // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i') + case '[object String]': + // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is + // equivalent to `new String("5")`. + return '' + a === '' + b; + case '[object Number]': + // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. + // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN + if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b; + // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values. + return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b; + case '[object Date]': + case '[object Boolean]': + // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their + // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations + // of `NaN` are not equivalent. + return +a === +b; + } + + var areArrays = className === '[object Array]'; + if (!areArrays) { + if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false; + + // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s or `Array`s + // from different frames are. + var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor; + if (aCtor !== bCtor && !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor && + _.isFunction(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor) + && ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)) { + return false; + } + } + // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic + // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`. + + // Initializing stack of traversed objects. + // It's done here since we only need them for objects and arrays comparison. + aStack = aStack || []; + bStack = bStack || []; + var length = aStack.length; + while (length--) { + // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of + // unique nested structures. + if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b; + } + + // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects. + aStack.push(a); + bStack.push(b); + + // Recursively compare objects and arrays. + if (areArrays) { + // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary. + length = a.length; + if (length !== b.length) return false; + // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties. + while (length--) { + if (!eq(a[length], b[length], aStack, bStack)) return false; + } + } else { + // Deep compare objects. + var keys = _.keys(a), key; + length = keys.length; + // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality. + if (_.keys(b).length !== length) return false; + while (length--) { + // Deep compare each member + key = keys[length]; + if (!(_.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) return false; + } + } + // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects. + aStack.pop(); + bStack.pop(); + return true; + }; + + // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal. + _.isEqual = function(a, b) { + return eq(a, b); + }; + + // Is a given array, string, or object empty? + // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties. + _.isEmpty = function(obj) { + if (obj == null) return true; + if (isArrayLike(obj) && (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj) || _.isArguments(obj))) return obj.length === 0; + return _.keys(obj).length === 0; + }; + + // Is a given value a DOM element? + _.isElement = function(obj) { + return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1); + }; + + // Is a given value an array? + // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray + _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) { + return toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]'; + }; + + // Is a given variable an object? + _.isObject = function(obj) { + var type = typeof obj; + return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj; + }; + + // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp, isError. + _.each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp', 'Error'], function(name) { + _['is' + name] = function(obj) { + return toString.call(obj) === '[object ' + name + ']'; + }; + }); + + // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE < 9), where + // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type. + if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) { + _.isArguments = function(obj) { + return _.has(obj, 'callee'); + }; + } + + // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around some typeof bugs in old v8, + // IE 11 (#1621), and in Safari 8 (#1929). + if (typeof /./ != 'function' && typeof Int8Array != 'object') { + _.isFunction = function(obj) { + return typeof obj == 'function' || false; + }; + } + + // Is a given object a finite number? + _.isFinite = function(obj) { + return isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj)); + }; + + // Is the given value `NaN`? (NaN is the only number which does not equal itself). + _.isNaN = function(obj) { + return _.isNumber(obj) && obj !== +obj; + }; + + // Is a given value a boolean? + _.isBoolean = function(obj) { + return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]'; + }; + + // Is a given value equal to null? + _.isNull = function(obj) { + return obj === null; + }; + + // Is a given variable undefined? + _.isUndefined = function(obj) { + return obj === void 0; + }; + + // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly + // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype). + _.has = function(obj, key) { + return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key); + }; + + // Utility Functions + // ----------------- + + // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its + // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object. + _.noConflict = function() { + root._ = previousUnderscore; + return this; + }; + + // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees. + _.identity = function(value) { + return value; + }; + + // Predicate-generating functions. Often useful outside of Underscore. + _.constant = function(value) { + return function() { + return value; + }; + }; + + _.noop = function(){}; + + _.property = property; + + // Generates a function for a given object that returns a given property. + _.propertyOf = function(obj) { + return obj == null ? function(){} : function(key) { + return obj[key]; + }; + }; + + // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of + // `key:value` pairs. + _.matcher = _.matches = function(attrs) { + attrs = _.extendOwn({}, attrs); + return function(obj) { + return _.isMatch(obj, attrs); + }; + }; + + // Run a function **n** times. + _.times = function(n, iteratee, context) { + var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n)); + iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 1); + for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i); + return accum; + }; + + // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive). + _.random = function(min, max) { + if (max == null) { + max = min; + min = 0; + } + return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)); + }; + + // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer. + _.now = Date.now || function() { + return new Date().getTime(); + }; + + // List of HTML entities for escaping. + var escapeMap = { + '&': '&', + '<': '<', + '>': '>', + '"': '"', + "'": ''', + '`': '`' + }; + var unescapeMap = _.invert(escapeMap); + + // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation. + var createEscaper = function(map) { + var escaper = function(match) { + return map[match]; + }; + // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped + var source = '(?:' + _.keys(map).join('|') + ')'; + var testRegexp = RegExp(source); + var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g'); + return function(string) { + string = string == null ? '' : '' + string; + return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string; + }; + }; + _.escape = createEscaper(escapeMap); + _.unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap); + + // If the value of the named `property` is a function then invoke it with the + // `object` as context; otherwise, return it. + _.result = function(object, property, fallback) { + var value = object == null ? void 0 : object[property]; + if (value === void 0) { + value = fallback; + } + return _.isFunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value; + }; + + // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session). + // Useful for temporary DOM ids. + var idCounter = 0; + _.uniqueId = function(prefix) { + var id = ++idCounter + ''; + return prefix ? prefix + id : id; + }; + + // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the + // following template settings to use alternative delimiters. + _.templateSettings = { + evaluate : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g, + interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g, + escape : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g + }; + + // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an + // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is + // guaranteed not to match. + var noMatch = /(.)^/; + + // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a + // string literal. + var escapes = { + "'": "'", + '\\': '\\', + '\r': 'r', + '\n': 'n', + '\u2028': 'u2028', + '\u2029': 'u2029' + }; + + var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g; + + var escapeChar = function(match) { + return '\\' + escapes[match]; + }; + + // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation. + // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace, + // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code. + // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility. + _.template = function(text, settings, oldSettings) { + if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings; + settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings); + + // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation. + var matcher = RegExp([ + (settings.escape || noMatch).source, + (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source, + (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source + ].join('|') + '|$', 'g'); + + // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately. + var index = 0; + var source = "__p+='"; + text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) { + source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escaper, escapeChar); + index = offset + match.length; + + if (escape) { + source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'"; + } else if (interpolate) { + source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'"; + } else if (evaluate) { + source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='"; + } + + // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offest. + return match; + }); + source += "';\n"; + + // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope. + if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n'; + + source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," + + "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" + + source + 'return __p;\n'; + + try { + var render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source); + } catch (e) { + e.source = source; + throw e; + } + + var template = function(data) { + return render.call(this, data, _); + }; + + // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation. + var argument = settings.variable || 'obj'; + template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}'; + + return template; + }; + + // Add a "chain" function. Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object. + _.chain = function(obj) { + var instance = _(obj); + instance._chain = true; + return instance; + }; + + // OOP + // --------------- + // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that + // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the + // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained. + + // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results. + var result = function(instance, obj) { + return instance._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj; + }; + + // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object. + _.mixin = function(obj) { + _.each(_.functions(obj), function(name) { + var func = _[name] = obj[name]; + _.prototype[name] = function() { + var args = [this._wrapped]; + push.apply(args, arguments); + return result(this, func.apply(_, args)); + }; + }); + }; + + // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object. + _.mixin(_); + + // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper. + _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) { + var method = ArrayProto[name]; + _.prototype[name] = function() { + var obj = this._wrapped; + method.apply(obj, arguments); + if ((name === 'shift' || name === 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0]; + return result(this, obj); + }; + }); + + // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper. + _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) { + var method = ArrayProto[name]; + _.prototype[name] = function() { + return result(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments)); + }; + }); + + // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object. + _.prototype.value = function() { + return this._wrapped; + }; + + // Provide unwrapping proxy for some methods used in engine operations + // such as arithmetic and JSON stringification. + _.prototype.valueOf = _.prototype.toJSON = _.prototype.value; + + _.prototype.toString = function() { + return '' + this._wrapped; + }; + + // AMD registration happens at the end for compatibility with AMD loaders + // that may not enforce next-turn semantics on modules. Even though general + // practice for AMD registration is to be anonymous, underscore registers + // as a named module because, like jQuery, it is a base library that is + // popular enough to be bundled in a third party lib, but not be part of + // an AMD load request. Those cases could generate an error when an + // anonymous define() is called outside of a loader request. + if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) { + define('underscore', [], function() { + return _; + }); + } +}.call(this)); + +},{}],26:[function(require,module,exports){ +arguments[4][19][0].apply(exports,arguments) +},{"dup":19}],27:[function(require,module,exports){ +module.exports = function isBuffer(arg) { + return arg && typeof arg === 'object' + && typeof arg.copy === 'function' + && typeof arg.fill === 'function' + && typeof arg.readUInt8 === 'function'; +} +},{}],28:[function(require,module,exports){ +(function (process,global){ +// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. +// +// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a +// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the +// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including +// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, +// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit +// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the +// following conditions: +// +// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included +// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +// +// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS +// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN +// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, +// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR +// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE +// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + +var formatRegExp = /%[sdj%]/g; +exports.format = function(f) { + if (!isString(f)) { + var objects = []; + for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) { + objects.push(inspect(arguments[i])); + } + return objects.join(' '); + } + + var i = 1; + var args = arguments; + var len = args.length; + var str = String(f).replace(formatRegExp, function(x) { + if (x === '%%') return '%'; + if (i >= len) return x; + switch (x) { + case '%s': return String(args[i++]); + case '%d': return Number(args[i++]); + case '%j': + try { + return JSON.stringify(args[i++]); + } catch (_) { + return '[Circular]'; + } + default: + return x; + } + }); + for (var x = args[i]; i < len; x = args[++i]) { + if (isNull(x) || !isObject(x)) { + str += ' ' + x; + } else { + str += ' ' + inspect(x); + } + } + return str; +}; + + +// Mark that a method should not be used. +// Returns a modified function which warns once by default. +// If --no-deprecation is set, then it is a no-op. +exports.deprecate = function(fn, msg) { + // Allow for deprecating things in the process of starting up. + if (isUndefined(global.process)) { + return function() { + return exports.deprecate(fn, msg).apply(this, arguments); + }; + } + + if (process.noDeprecation === true) { + return fn; + } + + var warned = false; + function deprecated() { + if (!warned) { + if (process.throwDeprecation) { + throw new Error(msg); + } else if (process.traceDeprecation) { + console.trace(msg); + } else { + console.error(msg); + } + warned = true; + } + return fn.apply(this, arguments); + } + + return deprecated; +}; + + +var debugs = {}; +var debugEnviron; +exports.debuglog = function(set) { + if (isUndefined(debugEnviron)) + debugEnviron = process.env.NODE_DEBUG || ''; + set = set.toUpperCase(); + if (!debugs[set]) { + if (new RegExp('\\b' + set + '\\b', 'i').test(debugEnviron)) { + var pid = process.pid; + debugs[set] = function() { + var msg = exports.format.apply(exports, arguments); + console.error('%s %d: %s', set, pid, msg); + }; + } else { + debugs[set] = function() {}; + } + } + return debugs[set]; +}; + + +/** + * Echos the value of a value. Trys to print the value out + * in the best way possible given the different types. + * + * @param {Object} obj The object to print out. + * @param {Object} opts Optional options object that alters the output. + */ +/* legacy: obj, showHidden, depth, colors*/ +function inspect(obj, opts) { + // default options + var ctx = { + seen: [], + stylize: stylizeNoColor + }; + // legacy... + if (arguments.length >= 3) ctx.depth = arguments[2]; + if (arguments.length >= 4) ctx.colors = arguments[3]; + if (isBoolean(opts)) { + // legacy... + ctx.showHidden = opts; + } else if (opts) { + // got an "options" object + exports._extend(ctx, opts); + } + // set default options + if (isUndefined(ctx.showHidden)) ctx.showHidden = false; + if (isUndefined(ctx.depth)) ctx.depth = 2; + if (isUndefined(ctx.colors)) ctx.colors = false; + if (isUndefined(ctx.customInspect)) ctx.customInspect = true; + if (ctx.colors) ctx.stylize = stylizeWithColor; + return formatValue(ctx, obj, ctx.depth); +} +exports.inspect = inspect; + + +// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#graphics +inspect.colors = { + 'bold' : [1, 22], + 'italic' : [3, 23], + 'underline' : [4, 24], + 'inverse' : [7, 27], + 'white' : [37, 39], + 'grey' : [90, 39], + 'black' : [30, 39], + 'blue' : [34, 39], + 'cyan' : [36, 39], + 'green' : [32, 39], + 'magenta' : [35, 39], + 'red' : [31, 39], + 'yellow' : [33, 39] +}; + +// Don't use 'blue' not visible on cmd.exe +inspect.styles = { + 'special': 'cyan', + 'number': 'yellow', + 'boolean': 'yellow', + 'undefined': 'grey', + 'null': 'bold', + 'string': 'green', + 'date': 'magenta', + // "name": intentionally not styling + 'regexp': 'red' +}; + + +function stylizeWithColor(str, styleType) { + var style = inspect.styles[styleType]; + + if (style) { + return '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][0] + 'm' + str + + '\u001b[' + inspect.colors[style][1] + 'm'; + } else { + return str; + } +} + + +function stylizeNoColor(str, styleType) { + return str; +} + + +function arrayToHash(array) { + var hash = {}; + + array.forEach(function(val, idx) { + hash[val] = true; + }); + + return hash; +} + + +function formatValue(ctx, value, recurseTimes) { + // Provide a hook for user-specified inspect functions. + // Check that value is an object with an inspect function on it + if (ctx.customInspect && + value && + isFunction(value.inspect) && + // Filter out the util module, it's inspect function is special + value.inspect !== exports.inspect && + // Also filter out any prototype objects using the circular check. + !(value.constructor && value.constructor.prototype === value)) { + var ret = value.inspect(recurseTimes, ctx); + if (!isString(ret)) { + ret = formatValue(ctx, ret, recurseTimes); + } + return ret; + } + + // Primitive types cannot have properties + var primitive = formatPrimitive(ctx, value); + if (primitive) { + return primitive; + } + + // Look up the keys of the object. + var keys = Object.keys(value); + var visibleKeys = arrayToHash(keys); + + if (ctx.showHidden) { + keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(value); + } + + // IE doesn't make error fields non-enumerable + // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dww52sbt(v=vs.94).aspx + if (isError(value) + && (keys.indexOf('message') >= 0 || keys.indexOf('description') >= 0)) { + return formatError(value); + } + + // Some type of object without properties can be shortcutted. + if (keys.length === 0) { + if (isFunction(value)) { + var name = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : ''; + return ctx.stylize('[Function' + name + ']', 'special'); + } + if (isRegExp(value)) { + return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp'); + } + if (isDate(value)) { + return ctx.stylize(Date.prototype.toString.call(value), 'date'); + } + if (isError(value)) { + return formatError(value); + } + } + + var base = '', array = false, braces = ['{', '}']; + + // Make Array say that they are Array + if (isArray(value)) { + array = true; + braces = ['[', ']']; + } + + // Make functions say that they are functions + if (isFunction(value)) { + var n = value.name ? ': ' + value.name : ''; + base = ' [Function' + n + ']'; + } + + // Make RegExps say that they are RegExps + if (isRegExp(value)) { + base = ' ' + RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value); + } + + // Make dates with properties first say the date + if (isDate(value)) { + base = ' ' + Date.prototype.toUTCString.call(value); + } + + // Make error with message first say the error + if (isError(value)) { + base = ' ' + formatError(value); + } + + if (keys.length === 0 && (!array || value.length == 0)) { + return braces[0] + base + braces[1]; + } + + if (recurseTimes < 0) { + if (isRegExp(value)) { + return ctx.stylize(RegExp.prototype.toString.call(value), 'regexp'); + } else { + return ctx.stylize('[Object]', 'special'); + } + } + + ctx.seen.push(value); + + var output; + if (array) { + output = formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys); + } else { + output = keys.map(function(key) { + return formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array); + }); + } + + ctx.seen.pop(); + + return reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces); +} + + +function formatPrimitive(ctx, value) { + if (isUndefined(value)) + return ctx.stylize('undefined', 'undefined'); + if (isString(value)) { + var simple = '\'' + JSON.stringify(value).replace(/^"|"$/g, '') + .replace(/'/g, "\\'") + .replace(/\\"/g, '"') + '\''; + return ctx.stylize(simple, 'string'); + } + if (isNumber(value)) + return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'number'); + if (isBoolean(value)) + return ctx.stylize('' + value, 'boolean'); + // For some reason typeof null is "object", so special case here. + if (isNull(value)) + return ctx.stylize('null', 'null'); +} + + +function formatError(value) { + return '[' + Error.prototype.toString.call(value) + ']'; +} + + +function formatArray(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, keys) { + var output = []; + for (var i = 0, l = value.length; i < l; ++i) { + if (hasOwnProperty(value, String(i))) { + output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, + String(i), true)); + } else { + output.push(''); + } + } + keys.forEach(function(key) { + if (!key.match(/^\d+$/)) { + output.push(formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, + key, true)); + } + }); + return output; +} + + +function formatProperty(ctx, value, recurseTimes, visibleKeys, key, array) { + var name, str, desc; + desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(value, key) || { value: value[key] }; + if (desc.get) { + if (desc.set) { + str = ctx.stylize('[Getter/Setter]', 'special'); + } else { + str = ctx.stylize('[Getter]', 'special'); + } + } else { + if (desc.set) { + str = ctx.stylize('[Setter]', 'special'); + } + } + if (!hasOwnProperty(visibleKeys, key)) { + name = '[' + key + ']'; + } + if (!str) { + if (ctx.seen.indexOf(desc.value) < 0) { + if (isNull(recurseTimes)) { + str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, null); + } else { + str = formatValue(ctx, desc.value, recurseTimes - 1); + } + if (str.indexOf('\n') > -1) { + if (array) { + str = str.split('\n').map(function(line) { + return ' ' + line; + }).join('\n').substr(2); + } else { + str = '\n' + str.split('\n').map(function(line) { + return ' ' + line; + }).join('\n'); + } + } + } else { + str = ctx.stylize('[Circular]', 'special'); + } + } + if (isUndefined(name)) { + if (array && key.match(/^\d+$/)) { + return str; + } + name = JSON.stringify('' + key); + if (name.match(/^"([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)"$/)) { + name = name.substr(1, name.length - 2); + name = ctx.stylize(name, 'name'); + } else { + name = name.replace(/'/g, "\\'") + .replace(/\\"/g, '"') + .replace(/(^"|"$)/g, "'"); + name = ctx.stylize(name, 'string'); + } + } + + return name + ': ' + str; +} + + +function reduceToSingleString(output, base, braces) { + var numLinesEst = 0; + var length = output.reduce(function(prev, cur) { + numLinesEst++; + if (cur.indexOf('\n') >= 0) numLinesEst++; + return prev + cur.replace(/\u001b\[\d\d?m/g, '').length + 1; + }, 0); + + if (length > 60) { + return braces[0] + + (base === '' ? '' : base + '\n ') + + ' ' + + output.join(',\n ') + + ' ' + + braces[1]; + } + + return braces[0] + base + ' ' + output.join(', ') + ' ' + braces[1]; +} + + +// NOTE: These type checking functions intentionally don't use `instanceof` +// because it is fragile and can be easily faked with `Object.create()`. +function isArray(ar) { + return Array.isArray(ar); +} +exports.isArray = isArray; + +function isBoolean(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'boolean'; +} +exports.isBoolean = isBoolean; + +function isNull(arg) { + return arg === null; +} +exports.isNull = isNull; + +function isNullOrUndefined(arg) { + return arg == null; +} +exports.isNullOrUndefined = isNullOrUndefined; + +function isNumber(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'number'; +} +exports.isNumber = isNumber; + +function isString(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'string'; +} +exports.isString = isString; + +function isSymbol(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'symbol'; +} +exports.isSymbol = isSymbol; + +function isUndefined(arg) { + return arg === void 0; +} +exports.isUndefined = isUndefined; + +function isRegExp(re) { + return isObject(re) && objectToString(re) === '[object RegExp]'; +} +exports.isRegExp = isRegExp; + +function isObject(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null; +} +exports.isObject = isObject; + +function isDate(d) { + return isObject(d) && objectToString(d) === '[object Date]'; +} +exports.isDate = isDate; + +function isError(e) { + return isObject(e) && + (objectToString(e) === '[object Error]' || e instanceof Error); +} +exports.isError = isError; + +function isFunction(arg) { + return typeof arg === 'function'; +} +exports.isFunction = isFunction; + +function isPrimitive(arg) { + return arg === null || + typeof arg === 'boolean' || + typeof arg === 'number' || + typeof arg === 'string' || + typeof arg === 'symbol' || // ES6 symbol + typeof arg === 'undefined'; +} +exports.isPrimitive = isPrimitive; + +exports.isBuffer = require('./support/isBuffer'); + +function objectToString(o) { + return Object.prototype.toString.call(o); +} + + +function pad(n) { + return n < 10 ? '0' + n.toString(10) : n.toString(10); +} + + +var months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', + 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']; + +// 26 Feb 16:19:34 +function timestamp() { + var d = new Date(); + var time = [pad(d.getHours()), + pad(d.getMinutes()), + pad(d.getSeconds())].join(':'); + return [d.getDate(), months[d.getMonth()], time].join(' '); +} + + +// log is just a thin wrapper to console.log that prepends a timestamp +exports.log = function() { + console.log('%s - %s', timestamp(), exports.format.apply(exports, arguments)); +}; + + +/** + * Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another. + * + * The Function.prototype.inherits from lang.js rewritten as a standalone + * function (not on Function.prototype). NOTE: If this file is to be loaded + * during bootstrapping this function needs to be rewritten using some native + * functions as prototype setup using normal JavaScript does not work as + * expected during bootstrapping (see mirror.js in r114903). + * + * @param {function} ctor Constructor function which needs to inherit the + * prototype. + * @param {function} superCtor Constructor function to inherit prototype from. + */ +exports.inherits = require('inherits'); + +exports._extend = function(origin, add) { + // Don't do anything if add isn't an object + if (!add || !isObject(add)) return origin; + + var keys = Object.keys(add); + var i = keys.length; + while (i--) { + origin[keys[i]] = add[keys[i]]; + } + return origin; +}; + +function hasOwnProperty(obj, prop) { + return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop); +} + +}).call(this,require('_process'),typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {}) +},{"./support/isBuffer":27,"_process":24,"inherits":26}],29:[function(require,module,exports){ +// Returns a wrapper function that returns a wrapped callback +// The wrapper function should do some stuff, and return a +// presumably different callback function. +// This makes sure that own properties are retained, so that +// decorations and such are not lost along the way. +module.exports = wrappy +function wrappy (fn, cb) { + if (fn && cb) return wrappy(fn)(cb) + + if (typeof fn !== 'function') + throw new TypeError('need wrapper function') + + Object.keys(fn).forEach(function (k) { + wrapper[k] = fn[k] + }) + + return wrapper + + function wrapper() { + var args = new Array(arguments.length) + for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { + args[i] = arguments[i] + } + var ret = fn.apply(this, args) + var cb = args[args.length-1] + if (typeof ret === 'function' && ret !== cb) { + Object.keys(cb).forEach(function (k) { + ret[k] = cb[k] + }) + } + return ret + } +} + +},{}]},{},[7])(7) +}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/workers/search.16e2a7d4.min.js b/docs/assets/javascripts/workers/search.16e2a7d4.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0dc159 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/workers/search.16e2a7d4.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +"use strict";(()=>{var ge=Object.create;var W=Object.defineProperty,ye=Object.defineProperties,me=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,ve=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors,xe=Object.getOwnPropertyNames,G=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols,Se=Object.getPrototypeOf,X=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,Qe=Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable;var J=(t,e,r)=>e in t?W(t,e,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:r}):t[e]=r,M=(t,e)=>{for(var r in e||(e={}))X.call(e,r)&&J(t,r,e[r]);if(G)for(var r of G(e))Qe.call(e,r)&&J(t,r,e[r]);return t},Z=(t,e)=>ye(t,ve(e));var K=(t,e)=>()=>(e||t((e={exports:{}}).exports,e),e.exports);var be=(t,e,r,n)=>{if(e&&typeof e=="object"||typeof e=="function")for(let i of xe(e))!X.call(t,i)&&i!==r&&W(t,i,{get:()=>e[i],enumerable:!(n=me(e,i))||n.enumerable});return t};var H=(t,e,r)=>(r=t!=null?ge(Se(t)):{},be(e||!t||!t.__esModule?W(r,"default",{value:t,enumerable:!0}):r,t));var z=(t,e,r)=>new Promise((n,i)=>{var s=u=>{try{a(r.next(u))}catch(c){i(c)}},o=u=>{try{a(r.throw(u))}catch(c){i(c)}},a=u=>u.done?n(u.value):Promise.resolve(u.value).then(s,o);a((r=r.apply(t,e)).next())});var re=K((ee,te)=>{/** + * lunr - http://lunrjs.com - A bit like Solr, but much smaller and not as bright - 2.3.9 + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + * @license MIT + */(function(){var t=function(e){var r=new t.Builder;return r.pipeline.add(t.trimmer,t.stopWordFilter,t.stemmer),r.searchPipeline.add(t.stemmer),e.call(r,r),r.build()};t.version="2.3.9";/*! + * lunr.utils + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */t.utils={},t.utils.warn=function(e){return function(r){e.console&&console.warn&&console.warn(r)}}(this),t.utils.asString=function(e){return e==null?"":e.toString()},t.utils.clone=function(e){if(e==null)return e;for(var r=Object.create(null),n=Object.keys(e),i=0;i0){var h=t.utils.clone(r)||{};h.position=[a,c],h.index=s.length,s.push(new t.Token(n.slice(a,o),h))}a=o+1}}return s},t.tokenizer.separator=/[\s\-]+/;/*! + * lunr.Pipeline + * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale + */t.Pipeline=function(){this._stack=[]},t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions=Object.create(null),t.Pipeline.registerFunction=function(e,r){r in this.registeredFunctions&&t.utils.warn("Overwriting existing registered function: "+r),e.label=r,t.Pipeline.registeredFunctions[e.label]=e},t.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered=function(e){var r=e.label&&e.label in this.registeredFunctions;r||t.utils.warn(`Function is not registered with pipeline. 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this.pos1&&(e.backup(),e.emit(t.QueryLexer.TERM)),e.ignore(),e.more())return t.QueryLexer.lexText},t.QueryLexer.lexEditDistance=function(e){return e.ignore(),e.acceptDigitRun(),e.emit(t.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE),t.QueryLexer.lexText},t.QueryLexer.lexBoost=function(e){return e.ignore(),e.acceptDigitRun(),e.emit(t.QueryLexer.BOOST),t.QueryLexer.lexText},t.QueryLexer.lexEOS=function(e){e.width()>0&&e.emit(t.QueryLexer.TERM)},t.QueryLexer.termSeparator=t.tokenizer.separator,t.QueryLexer.lexText=function(e){for(;;){var r=e.next();if(r==t.QueryLexer.EOS)return t.QueryLexer.lexEOS;if(r.charCodeAt(0)==92){e.escapeCharacter();continue}if(r==":")return t.QueryLexer.lexField;if(r=="~")return e.backup(),e.width()>0&&e.emit(t.QueryLexer.TERM),t.QueryLexer.lexEditDistance;if(r=="^")return e.backup(),e.width()>0&&e.emit(t.QueryLexer.TERM),t.QueryLexer.lexBoost;if(r=="+"&&e.width()===1||r=="-"&&e.width()===1)return e.emit(t.QueryLexer.PRESENCE),t.QueryLexer.lexText;if(r.match(t.QueryLexer.termSeparator))return t.QueryLexer.lexTerm}},t.QueryParser=function(e,r){this.lexer=new t.QueryLexer(e),this.query=r,this.currentClause={},this.lexemeIdx=0},t.QueryParser.prototype.parse=function(){this.lexer.run(),this.lexemes=this.lexer.lexemes;for(var e=t.QueryParser.parseClause;e;)e=e(this);return this.query},t.QueryParser.prototype.peekLexeme=function(){return this.lexemes[this.lexemeIdx]},t.QueryParser.prototype.consumeLexeme=function(){var e=this.peekLexeme();return this.lexemeIdx+=1,e},t.QueryParser.prototype.nextClause=function(){var e=this.currentClause;this.query.clause(e),this.currentClause={}},t.QueryParser.parseClause=function(e){var r=e.peekLexeme();if(r!=null)switch(r.type){case t.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:return t.QueryParser.parsePresence;case t.QueryLexer.FIELD:return t.QueryParser.parseField;case t.QueryLexer.TERM:return t.QueryParser.parseTerm;default:var n="expected either a field or a term, found "+r.type;throw r.str.length>=1&&(n+=" with value '"+r.str+"'"),new t.QueryParseError(n,r.start,r.end)}},t.QueryParser.parsePresence=function(e){var r=e.consumeLexeme();if(r!=null){switch(r.str){case"-":e.currentClause.presence=t.Query.presence.PROHIBITED;break;case"+":e.currentClause.presence=t.Query.presence.REQUIRED;break;default:var n="unrecognised presence operator'"+r.str+"'";throw new t.QueryParseError(n,r.start,r.end)}var i=e.peekLexeme();if(i==null){var n="expecting term or field, found nothing";throw new t.QueryParseError(n,r.start,r.end)}switch(i.type){case t.QueryLexer.FIELD:return t.QueryParser.parseField;case t.QueryLexer.TERM:return t.QueryParser.parseTerm;default:var n="expecting term or field, found '"+i.type+"'";throw new t.QueryParseError(n,i.start,i.end)}}},t.QueryParser.parseField=function(e){var r=e.consumeLexeme();if(r!=null){if(e.query.allFields.indexOf(r.str)==-1){var n=e.query.allFields.map(function(o){return"'"+o+"'"}).join(", "),i="unrecognised field '"+r.str+"', possible fields: "+n;throw new t.QueryParseError(i,r.start,r.end)}e.currentClause.fields=[r.str];var s=e.peekLexeme();if(s==null){var i="expecting term, found nothing";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,r.start,r.end)}switch(s.type){case t.QueryLexer.TERM:return t.QueryParser.parseTerm;default:var i="expecting term, found '"+s.type+"'";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,s.start,s.end)}}},t.QueryParser.parseTerm=function(e){var r=e.consumeLexeme();if(r!=null){e.currentClause.term=r.str.toLowerCase(),r.str.indexOf("*")!=-1&&(e.currentClause.usePipeline=!1);var n=e.peekLexeme();if(n==null){e.nextClause();return}switch(n.type){case t.QueryLexer.TERM:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parseTerm;case t.QueryLexer.FIELD:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parseField;case t.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:return t.QueryParser.parseEditDistance;case t.QueryLexer.BOOST:return t.QueryParser.parseBoost;case t.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parsePresence;default:var i="Unexpected lexeme type '"+n.type+"'";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,n.start,n.end)}}},t.QueryParser.parseEditDistance=function(e){var r=e.consumeLexeme();if(r!=null){var n=parseInt(r.str,10);if(isNaN(n)){var i="edit distance must be numeric";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,r.start,r.end)}e.currentClause.editDistance=n;var s=e.peekLexeme();if(s==null){e.nextClause();return}switch(s.type){case t.QueryLexer.TERM:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parseTerm;case t.QueryLexer.FIELD:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parseField;case t.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:return t.QueryParser.parseEditDistance;case t.QueryLexer.BOOST:return t.QueryParser.parseBoost;case t.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parsePresence;default:var i="Unexpected lexeme type '"+s.type+"'";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,s.start,s.end)}}},t.QueryParser.parseBoost=function(e){var r=e.consumeLexeme();if(r!=null){var n=parseInt(r.str,10);if(isNaN(n)){var i="boost must be numeric";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,r.start,r.end)}e.currentClause.boost=n;var s=e.peekLexeme();if(s==null){e.nextClause();return}switch(s.type){case t.QueryLexer.TERM:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parseTerm;case t.QueryLexer.FIELD:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parseField;case t.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:return t.QueryParser.parseEditDistance;case t.QueryLexer.BOOST:return t.QueryParser.parseBoost;case t.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:return e.nextClause(),t.QueryParser.parsePresence;default:var i="Unexpected lexeme type '"+s.type+"'";throw new t.QueryParseError(i,s.start,s.end)}}},function(e,r){typeof define=="function"&&define.amd?define(r):typeof ee=="object"?te.exports=r():e.lunr=r()}(this,function(){return t})})()});var q=K((Re,ne)=>{"use strict";/*! + * escape-html + * Copyright(c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk + * Copyright(c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe + * Copyright(c) 2015 Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu + * MIT Licensed + */var Le=/["'&<>]/;ne.exports=we;function we(t){var e=""+t,r=Le.exec(e);if(!r)return e;var n,i="",s=0,o=0;for(s=r.index;s=0;r--){let n=t[r];typeof n=="string"?n=document.createTextNode(n):n.parentNode&&n.parentNode.removeChild(n),r?e.insertBefore(this.previousSibling,n):e.replaceChild(n,this)}}}));var ie=H(q());function se(t){let e=new Map,r=new Set;for(let n of t){let[i,s]=n.location.split("#"),o=n.location,a=n.title,u=n.tags,c=(0,ie.default)(n.text).replace(/\s+(?=[,.:;!?])/g,"").replace(/\s+/g," ");if(s){let h=e.get(i);r.has(h)?e.set(o,{location:o,title:a,text:c,parent:h}):(h.title=n.title,h.text=c,r.add(h))}else e.set(o,M({location:o,title:a,text:c},u&&{tags:u}))}return e}var oe=H(q());function ae(t,e){let r=new RegExp(t.separator,"img"),n=(i,s,o)=>`${s}${o}`;return i=>{i=i.replace(/[\s*+\-:~^]+/g," ").trim();let s=new RegExp(`(^|${t.separator})(${i.replace(/[|\\{}()[\]^$+*?.-]/g,"\\$&").replace(r,"|")})`,"img");return o=>(e?(0,oe.default)(o):o).replace(s,n).replace(/<\/mark>(\s+)]*>/img,"$1")}}function ue(t){let e=new lunr.Query(["title","text"]);return new lunr.QueryParser(t,e).parse(),e.clauses}function ce(t,e){var i;let r=new Set(t),n={};for(let s=0;s!n.has(i)))]}var U=class{constructor({config:e,docs:r,options:n}){this.options=n,this.documents=se(r),this.highlight=ae(e,!1),lunr.tokenizer.separator=new RegExp(e.separator),this.index=lunr(function(){e.lang.length===1&&e.lang[0]!=="en"?this.use(lunr[e.lang[0]]):e.lang.length>1&&this.use(lunr.multiLanguage(...e.lang));let i=Ee(["trimmer","stopWordFilter","stemmer"],n.pipeline);for(let s of e.lang.map(o=>o==="en"?lunr:lunr[o]))for(let o of i)this.pipeline.remove(s[o]),this.searchPipeline.remove(s[o]);this.ref("location"),this.field("title",{boost:1e3}),this.field("text"),this.field("tags",{boost:1e6,extractor:s=>{let{tags:o=[]}=s;return o.reduce((a,u)=>[...a,...lunr.tokenizer(u)],[])}});for(let s of r)this.add(s,{boost:s.boost})})}search(e){if(e)try{let r=this.highlight(e),n=ue(e).filter(o=>o.presence!==lunr.Query.presence.PROHIBITED),i=this.index.search(`${e}*`).reduce((o,{ref:a,score:u,matchData:c})=>{let h=this.documents.get(a);if(typeof h!="undefined"){let{location:y,title:g,text:b,tags:m,parent:Q}=h,p=ce(n,Object.keys(c.metadata)),d=+!Q+ +Object.values(p).every(w=>w);o.push(Z(M({location:y,title:r(g),text:r(b)},m&&{tags:m.map(r)}),{score:u*(1+d),terms:p}))}return o},[]).sort((o,a)=>a.score-o.score).reduce((o,a)=>{let u=this.documents.get(a.location);if(typeof u!="undefined"){let c="parent"in u?u.parent.location:u.location;o.set(c,[...o.get(c)||[],a])}return o},new Map),s;if(this.options.suggestions){let o=this.index.query(a=>{for(let u of n)a.term(u.term,{fields:["title"],presence:lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED,wildcard:lunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING})});s=o.length?Object.keys(o[0].matchData.metadata):[]}return M({items:[...i.values()]},typeof s!="undefined"&&{suggestions:s})}catch(r){console.warn(`Invalid query: ${e} \u2013 see https://bit.ly/2s3ChXG`)}return{items:[]}}};var Y;function ke(t){return z(this,null,function*(){let e="../lunr";if(typeof parent!="undefined"&&"IFrameWorker"in parent){let n=document.querySelector("script[src]"),[i]=n.src.split("/worker");e=e.replace("..",i)}let r=[];for(let n of t.lang){switch(n){case"ja":r.push(`${e}/tinyseg.js`);break;case"hi":case"th":r.push(`${e}/wordcut.js`);break}n!=="en"&&r.push(`${e}/min/lunr.${n}.min.js`)}t.lang.length>1&&r.push(`${e}/min/lunr.multi.min.js`),r.length&&(yield importScripts(`${e}/min/lunr.stemmer.support.min.js`,...r))})}function Te(t){return z(this,null,function*(){switch(t.type){case 0:return yield ke(t.data.config),Y=new U(t.data),{type:1};case 2:return{type:3,data:Y?Y.search(t.data):{items:[]}};default:throw new TypeError("Invalid message type")}})}self.lunr=le.default;addEventListener("message",t=>z(void 0,null,function*(){postMessage(yield Te(t.data))}));})(); +//# sourceMappingURL=search.16e2a7d4.min.js.map + diff --git a/docs/assets/javascripts/workers/search.16e2a7d4.min.js.map b/docs/assets/javascripts/workers/search.16e2a7d4.min.js.map new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa01f37 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/javascripts/workers/search.16e2a7d4.min.js.map @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +{ + "version": 3, + "sources": ["node_modules/lunr/lunr.js", "node_modules/escape-html/index.js", "src/assets/javascripts/integrations/search/worker/main/index.ts", "src/assets/javascripts/polyfills/index.ts", "src/assets/javascripts/integrations/search/document/index.ts", "src/assets/javascripts/integrations/search/highlighter/index.ts", "src/assets/javascripts/integrations/search/query/_/index.ts", "src/assets/javascripts/integrations/search/_/index.ts"], + "sourceRoot": "../../../..", + "sourcesContent": ["/**\n * lunr - http://lunrjs.com - A bit like Solr, but much smaller and not as bright - 2.3.9\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n * @license MIT\n */\n\n;(function(){\n\n/**\n * A convenience function for configuring and constructing\n * a new lunr Index.\n *\n * A lunr.Builder instance is created and the pipeline setup\n * with a trimmer, stop word filter and stemmer.\n *\n * This builder object is yielded to the configuration function\n * that is passed as a parameter, allowing the list of fields\n * and other builder parameters to be customised.\n *\n * All documents _must_ be added within the passed config function.\n *\n * @example\n * var idx = lunr(function () {\n * this.field('title')\n * this.field('body')\n * this.ref('id')\n *\n * documents.forEach(function (doc) {\n * this.add(doc)\n * }, this)\n * })\n *\n * @see {@link lunr.Builder}\n * @see {@link lunr.Pipeline}\n * @see {@link lunr.trimmer}\n * @see {@link lunr.stopWordFilter}\n * @see {@link lunr.stemmer}\n * @namespace {function} lunr\n */\nvar lunr = function (config) {\n var builder = new lunr.Builder\n\n builder.pipeline.add(\n lunr.trimmer,\n lunr.stopWordFilter,\n lunr.stemmer\n )\n\n builder.searchPipeline.add(\n lunr.stemmer\n )\n\n config.call(builder, builder)\n return builder.build()\n}\n\nlunr.version = \"2.3.9\"\n/*!\n * lunr.utils\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * A namespace containing utils for the rest of the lunr library\n * @namespace lunr.utils\n */\nlunr.utils = {}\n\n/**\n * Print a warning message to the console.\n *\n * @param {String} message The message to be printed.\n * @memberOf lunr.utils\n * @function\n */\nlunr.utils.warn = (function (global) {\n /* eslint-disable no-console */\n return function (message) {\n if (global.console && console.warn) {\n console.warn(message)\n }\n }\n /* eslint-enable no-console */\n})(this)\n\n/**\n * Convert an object to a string.\n *\n * In the case of `null` and `undefined` the function returns\n * the empty string, in all other cases the result of calling\n * `toString` on the passed object is returned.\n *\n * @param {Any} obj The object to convert to a string.\n * @return {String} string representation of the passed object.\n * @memberOf lunr.utils\n */\nlunr.utils.asString = function (obj) {\n if (obj === void 0 || obj === null) {\n return \"\"\n } else {\n return obj.toString()\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Clones an object.\n *\n * Will create a copy of an existing object such that any mutations\n * on the copy cannot affect the original.\n *\n * Only shallow objects are supported, passing a nested object to this\n * function will cause a TypeError.\n *\n * Objects with primitives, and arrays of primitives are supported.\n *\n * @param {Object} obj The object to clone.\n * @return {Object} a clone of the passed object.\n * @throws {TypeError} when a nested object is passed.\n * @memberOf Utils\n */\nlunr.utils.clone = function (obj) {\n if (obj === null || obj === undefined) {\n return obj\n }\n\n var clone = Object.create(null),\n keys = Object.keys(obj)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {\n var key = keys[i],\n val = obj[key]\n\n if (Array.isArray(val)) {\n clone[key] = val.slice()\n continue\n }\n\n if (typeof val === 'string' ||\n typeof val === 'number' ||\n typeof val === 'boolean') {\n clone[key] = val\n continue\n }\n\n throw new TypeError(\"clone is not deep and does not support nested objects\")\n }\n\n return clone\n}\nlunr.FieldRef = function (docRef, fieldName, stringValue) {\n this.docRef = docRef\n this.fieldName = fieldName\n this._stringValue = stringValue\n}\n\nlunr.FieldRef.joiner = \"/\"\n\nlunr.FieldRef.fromString = function (s) {\n var n = s.indexOf(lunr.FieldRef.joiner)\n\n if (n === -1) {\n throw \"malformed field ref string\"\n }\n\n var fieldRef = s.slice(0, n),\n docRef = s.slice(n + 1)\n\n return new lunr.FieldRef (docRef, fieldRef, s)\n}\n\nlunr.FieldRef.prototype.toString = function () {\n if (this._stringValue == undefined) {\n this._stringValue = this.fieldName + lunr.FieldRef.joiner + this.docRef\n }\n\n return this._stringValue\n}\n/*!\n * lunr.Set\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * A lunr set.\n *\n * @constructor\n */\nlunr.Set = function (elements) {\n this.elements = Object.create(null)\n\n if (elements) {\n this.length = elements.length\n\n for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {\n this.elements[elements[i]] = true\n }\n } else {\n this.length = 0\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * A complete set that contains all elements.\n *\n * @static\n * @readonly\n * @type {lunr.Set}\n */\nlunr.Set.complete = {\n intersect: function (other) {\n return other\n },\n\n union: function () {\n return this\n },\n\n contains: function () {\n return true\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * An empty set that contains no elements.\n *\n * @static\n * @readonly\n * @type {lunr.Set}\n */\nlunr.Set.empty = {\n intersect: function () {\n return this\n },\n\n union: function (other) {\n return other\n },\n\n contains: function () {\n return false\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns true if this set contains the specified object.\n *\n * @param {object} object - Object whose presence in this set is to be tested.\n * @returns {boolean} - True if this set contains the specified object.\n */\nlunr.Set.prototype.contains = function (object) {\n return !!this.elements[object]\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns a new set containing only the elements that are present in both\n * this set and the specified set.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Set} other - set to intersect with this set.\n * @returns {lunr.Set} a new set that is the intersection of this and the specified set.\n */\n\nlunr.Set.prototype.intersect = function (other) {\n var a, b, elements, intersection = []\n\n if (other === lunr.Set.complete) {\n return this\n }\n\n if (other === lunr.Set.empty) {\n return other\n }\n\n if (this.length < other.length) {\n a = this\n b = other\n } else {\n a = other\n b = this\n }\n\n elements = Object.keys(a.elements)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {\n var element = elements[i]\n if (element in b.elements) {\n intersection.push(element)\n }\n }\n\n return new lunr.Set (intersection)\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns a new set combining the elements of this and the specified set.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Set} other - set to union with this set.\n * @return {lunr.Set} a new set that is the union of this and the specified set.\n */\n\nlunr.Set.prototype.union = function (other) {\n if (other === lunr.Set.complete) {\n return lunr.Set.complete\n }\n\n if (other === lunr.Set.empty) {\n return this\n }\n\n return new lunr.Set(Object.keys(this.elements).concat(Object.keys(other.elements)))\n}\n/**\n * A function to calculate the inverse document frequency for\n * a posting. This is shared between the builder and the index\n *\n * @private\n * @param {object} posting - The posting for a given term\n * @param {number} documentCount - The total number of documents.\n */\nlunr.idf = function (posting, documentCount) {\n var documentsWithTerm = 0\n\n for (var fieldName in posting) {\n if (fieldName == '_index') continue // Ignore the term index, its not a field\n documentsWithTerm += Object.keys(posting[fieldName]).length\n }\n\n var x = (documentCount - documentsWithTerm + 0.5) / (documentsWithTerm + 0.5)\n\n return Math.log(1 + Math.abs(x))\n}\n\n/**\n * A token wraps a string representation of a token\n * as it is passed through the text processing pipeline.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @param {string} [str=''] - The string token being wrapped.\n * @param {object} [metadata={}] - Metadata associated with this token.\n */\nlunr.Token = function (str, metadata) {\n this.str = str || \"\"\n this.metadata = metadata || {}\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns the token string that is being wrapped by this object.\n *\n * @returns {string}\n */\nlunr.Token.prototype.toString = function () {\n return this.str\n}\n\n/**\n * A token update function is used when updating or optionally\n * when cloning a token.\n *\n * @callback lunr.Token~updateFunction\n * @param {string} str - The string representation of the token.\n * @param {Object} metadata - All metadata associated with this token.\n */\n\n/**\n * Applies the given function to the wrapped string token.\n *\n * @example\n * token.update(function (str, metadata) {\n * return str.toUpperCase()\n * })\n *\n * @param {lunr.Token~updateFunction} fn - A function to apply to the token string.\n * @returns {lunr.Token}\n */\nlunr.Token.prototype.update = function (fn) {\n this.str = fn(this.str, this.metadata)\n return this\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a clone of this token. Optionally a function can be\n * applied to the cloned token.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Token~updateFunction} [fn] - An optional function to apply to the cloned token.\n * @returns {lunr.Token}\n */\nlunr.Token.prototype.clone = function (fn) {\n fn = fn || function (s) { return s }\n return new lunr.Token (fn(this.str, this.metadata), this.metadata)\n}\n/*!\n * lunr.tokenizer\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * A function for splitting a string into tokens ready to be inserted into\n * the search index. Uses `lunr.tokenizer.separator` to split strings, change\n * the value of this property to change how strings are split into tokens.\n *\n * This tokenizer will convert its parameter to a string by calling `toString` and\n * then will split this string on the character in `lunr.tokenizer.separator`.\n * Arrays will have their elements converted to strings and wrapped in a lunr.Token.\n *\n * Optional metadata can be passed to the tokenizer, this metadata will be cloned and\n * added as metadata to every token that is created from the object to be tokenized.\n *\n * @static\n * @param {?(string|object|object[])} obj - The object to convert into tokens\n * @param {?object} metadata - Optional metadata to associate with every token\n * @returns {lunr.Token[]}\n * @see {@link lunr.Pipeline}\n */\nlunr.tokenizer = function (obj, metadata) {\n if (obj == null || obj == undefined) {\n return []\n }\n\n if (Array.isArray(obj)) {\n return obj.map(function (t) {\n return new lunr.Token(\n lunr.utils.asString(t).toLowerCase(),\n lunr.utils.clone(metadata)\n )\n })\n }\n\n var str = obj.toString().toLowerCase(),\n len = str.length,\n tokens = []\n\n for (var sliceEnd = 0, sliceStart = 0; sliceEnd <= len; sliceEnd++) {\n var char = str.charAt(sliceEnd),\n sliceLength = sliceEnd - sliceStart\n\n if ((char.match(lunr.tokenizer.separator) || sliceEnd == len)) {\n\n if (sliceLength > 0) {\n var tokenMetadata = lunr.utils.clone(metadata) || {}\n tokenMetadata[\"position\"] = [sliceStart, sliceLength]\n tokenMetadata[\"index\"] = tokens.length\n\n tokens.push(\n new lunr.Token (\n str.slice(sliceStart, sliceEnd),\n tokenMetadata\n )\n )\n }\n\n sliceStart = sliceEnd + 1\n }\n\n }\n\n return tokens\n}\n\n/**\n * The separator used to split a string into tokens. Override this property to change the behaviour of\n * `lunr.tokenizer` behaviour when tokenizing strings. By default this splits on whitespace and hyphens.\n *\n * @static\n * @see lunr.tokenizer\n */\nlunr.tokenizer.separator = /[\\s\\-]+/\n/*!\n * lunr.Pipeline\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * lunr.Pipelines maintain an ordered list of functions to be applied to all\n * tokens in documents entering the search index and queries being ran against\n * the index.\n *\n * An instance of lunr.Index created with the lunr shortcut will contain a\n * pipeline with a stop word filter and an English language stemmer. Extra\n * functions can be added before or after either of these functions or these\n * default functions can be removed.\n *\n * When run the pipeline will call each function in turn, passing a token, the\n * index of that token in the original list of all tokens and finally a list of\n * all the original tokens.\n *\n * The output of functions in the pipeline will be passed to the next function\n * in the pipeline. To exclude a token from entering the index the function\n * should return undefined, the rest of the pipeline will not be called with\n * this token.\n *\n * For serialisation of pipelines to work, all functions used in an instance of\n * a pipeline should be registered with lunr.Pipeline. Registered functions can\n * then be loaded. If trying to load a serialised pipeline that uses functions\n * that are not registered an error will be thrown.\n *\n * If not planning on serialising the pipeline then registering pipeline functions\n * is not necessary.\n *\n * @constructor\n */\nlunr.Pipeline = function () {\n this._stack = []\n}\n\nlunr.Pipeline.registeredFunctions = Object.create(null)\n\n/**\n * A pipeline function maps lunr.Token to lunr.Token. A lunr.Token contains the token\n * string as well as all known metadata. A pipeline function can mutate the token string\n * or mutate (or add) metadata for a given token.\n *\n * A pipeline function can indicate that the passed token should be discarded by returning\n * null, undefined or an empty string. This token will not be passed to any downstream pipeline\n * functions and will not be added to the index.\n *\n * Multiple tokens can be returned by returning an array of tokens. Each token will be passed\n * to any downstream pipeline functions and all will returned tokens will be added to the index.\n *\n * Any number of pipeline functions may be chained together using a lunr.Pipeline.\n *\n * @interface lunr.PipelineFunction\n * @param {lunr.Token} token - A token from the document being processed.\n * @param {number} i - The index of this token in the complete list of tokens for this document/field.\n * @param {lunr.Token[]} tokens - All tokens for this document/field.\n * @returns {(?lunr.Token|lunr.Token[])}\n */\n\n/**\n * Register a function with the pipeline.\n *\n * Functions that are used in the pipeline should be registered if the pipeline\n * needs to be serialised, or a serialised pipeline needs to be loaded.\n *\n * Registering a function does not add it to a pipeline, functions must still be\n * added to instances of the pipeline for them to be used when running a pipeline.\n *\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} fn - The function to check for.\n * @param {String} label - The label to register this function with\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.registerFunction = function (fn, label) {\n if (label in this.registeredFunctions) {\n lunr.utils.warn('Overwriting existing registered function: ' + label)\n }\n\n fn.label = label\n lunr.Pipeline.registeredFunctions[fn.label] = fn\n}\n\n/**\n * Warns if the function is not registered as a Pipeline function.\n *\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} fn - The function to check for.\n * @private\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered = function (fn) {\n var isRegistered = fn.label && (fn.label in this.registeredFunctions)\n\n if (!isRegistered) {\n lunr.utils.warn('Function is not registered with pipeline. This may cause problems when serialising the index.\\n', fn)\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Loads a previously serialised pipeline.\n *\n * All functions to be loaded must already be registered with lunr.Pipeline.\n * If any function from the serialised data has not been registered then an\n * error will be thrown.\n *\n * @param {Object} serialised - The serialised pipeline to load.\n * @returns {lunr.Pipeline}\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.load = function (serialised) {\n var pipeline = new lunr.Pipeline\n\n serialised.forEach(function (fnName) {\n var fn = lunr.Pipeline.registeredFunctions[fnName]\n\n if (fn) {\n pipeline.add(fn)\n } else {\n throw new Error('Cannot load unregistered function: ' + fnName)\n }\n })\n\n return pipeline\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds new functions to the end of the pipeline.\n *\n * Logs a warning if the function has not been registered.\n *\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction[]} functions - Any number of functions to add to the pipeline.\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.add = function () {\n var fns = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)\n\n fns.forEach(function (fn) {\n lunr.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered(fn)\n this._stack.push(fn)\n }, this)\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds a single function after a function that already exists in the\n * pipeline.\n *\n * Logs a warning if the function has not been registered.\n *\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} existingFn - A function that already exists in the pipeline.\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} newFn - The new function to add to the pipeline.\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.after = function (existingFn, newFn) {\n lunr.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered(newFn)\n\n var pos = this._stack.indexOf(existingFn)\n if (pos == -1) {\n throw new Error('Cannot find existingFn')\n }\n\n pos = pos + 1\n this._stack.splice(pos, 0, newFn)\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds a single function before a function that already exists in the\n * pipeline.\n *\n * Logs a warning if the function has not been registered.\n *\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} existingFn - A function that already exists in the pipeline.\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} newFn - The new function to add to the pipeline.\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.before = function (existingFn, newFn) {\n lunr.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered(newFn)\n\n var pos = this._stack.indexOf(existingFn)\n if (pos == -1) {\n throw new Error('Cannot find existingFn')\n }\n\n this._stack.splice(pos, 0, newFn)\n}\n\n/**\n * Removes a function from the pipeline.\n *\n * @param {lunr.PipelineFunction} fn The function to remove from the pipeline.\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.remove = function (fn) {\n var pos = this._stack.indexOf(fn)\n if (pos == -1) {\n return\n }\n\n this._stack.splice(pos, 1)\n}\n\n/**\n * Runs the current list of functions that make up the pipeline against the\n * passed tokens.\n *\n * @param {Array} tokens The tokens to run through the pipeline.\n * @returns {Array}\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.run = function (tokens) {\n var stackLength = this._stack.length\n\n for (var i = 0; i < stackLength; i++) {\n var fn = this._stack[i]\n var memo = []\n\n for (var j = 0; j < tokens.length; j++) {\n var result = fn(tokens[j], j, tokens)\n\n if (result === null || result === void 0 || result === '') continue\n\n if (Array.isArray(result)) {\n for (var k = 0; k < result.length; k++) {\n memo.push(result[k])\n }\n } else {\n memo.push(result)\n }\n }\n\n tokens = memo\n }\n\n return tokens\n}\n\n/**\n * Convenience method for passing a string through a pipeline and getting\n * strings out. This method takes care of wrapping the passed string in a\n * token and mapping the resulting tokens back to strings.\n *\n * @param {string} str - The string to pass through the pipeline.\n * @param {?object} metadata - Optional metadata to associate with the token\n * passed to the pipeline.\n * @returns {string[]}\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.runString = function (str, metadata) {\n var token = new lunr.Token (str, metadata)\n\n return this.run([token]).map(function (t) {\n return t.toString()\n })\n}\n\n/**\n * Resets the pipeline by removing any existing processors.\n *\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.reset = function () {\n this._stack = []\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns a representation of the pipeline ready for serialisation.\n *\n * Logs a warning if the function has not been registered.\n *\n * @returns {Array}\n */\nlunr.Pipeline.prototype.toJSON = function () {\n return this._stack.map(function (fn) {\n lunr.Pipeline.warnIfFunctionNotRegistered(fn)\n\n return fn.label\n })\n}\n/*!\n * lunr.Vector\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * A vector is used to construct the vector space of documents and queries. These\n * vectors support operations to determine the similarity between two documents or\n * a document and a query.\n *\n * Normally no parameters are required for initializing a vector, but in the case of\n * loading a previously dumped vector the raw elements can be provided to the constructor.\n *\n * For performance reasons vectors are implemented with a flat array, where an elements\n * index is immediately followed by its value. E.g. [index, value, index, value]. This\n * allows the underlying array to be as sparse as possible and still offer decent\n * performance when being used for vector calculations.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @param {Number[]} [elements] - The flat list of element index and element value pairs.\n */\nlunr.Vector = function (elements) {\n this._magnitude = 0\n this.elements = elements || []\n}\n\n\n/**\n * Calculates the position within the vector to insert a given index.\n *\n * This is used internally by insert and upsert. If there are duplicate indexes then\n * the position is returned as if the value for that index were to be updated, but it\n * is the callers responsibility to check whether there is a duplicate at that index\n *\n * @param {Number} insertIdx - The index at which the element should be inserted.\n * @returns {Number}\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.positionForIndex = function (index) {\n // For an empty vector the tuple can be inserted at the beginning\n if (this.elements.length == 0) {\n return 0\n }\n\n var start = 0,\n end = this.elements.length / 2,\n sliceLength = end - start,\n pivotPoint = Math.floor(sliceLength / 2),\n pivotIndex = this.elements[pivotPoint * 2]\n\n while (sliceLength > 1) {\n if (pivotIndex < index) {\n start = pivotPoint\n }\n\n if (pivotIndex > index) {\n end = pivotPoint\n }\n\n if (pivotIndex == index) {\n break\n }\n\n sliceLength = end - start\n pivotPoint = start + Math.floor(sliceLength / 2)\n pivotIndex = this.elements[pivotPoint * 2]\n }\n\n if (pivotIndex == index) {\n return pivotPoint * 2\n }\n\n if (pivotIndex > index) {\n return pivotPoint * 2\n }\n\n if (pivotIndex < index) {\n return (pivotPoint + 1) * 2\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Inserts an element at an index within the vector.\n *\n * Does not allow duplicates, will throw an error if there is already an entry\n * for this index.\n *\n * @param {Number} insertIdx - The index at which the element should be inserted.\n * @param {Number} val - The value to be inserted into the vector.\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.insert = function (insertIdx, val) {\n this.upsert(insertIdx, val, function () {\n throw \"duplicate index\"\n })\n}\n\n/**\n * Inserts or updates an existing index within the vector.\n *\n * @param {Number} insertIdx - The index at which the element should be inserted.\n * @param {Number} val - The value to be inserted into the vector.\n * @param {function} fn - A function that is called for updates, the existing value and the\n * requested value are passed as arguments\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.upsert = function (insertIdx, val, fn) {\n this._magnitude = 0\n var position = this.positionForIndex(insertIdx)\n\n if (this.elements[position] == insertIdx) {\n this.elements[position + 1] = fn(this.elements[position + 1], val)\n } else {\n this.elements.splice(position, 0, insertIdx, val)\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Calculates the magnitude of this vector.\n *\n * @returns {Number}\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.magnitude = function () {\n if (this._magnitude) return this._magnitude\n\n var sumOfSquares = 0,\n elementsLength = this.elements.length\n\n for (var i = 1; i < elementsLength; i += 2) {\n var val = this.elements[i]\n sumOfSquares += val * val\n }\n\n return this._magnitude = Math.sqrt(sumOfSquares)\n}\n\n/**\n * Calculates the dot product of this vector and another vector.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Vector} otherVector - The vector to compute the dot product with.\n * @returns {Number}\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.dot = function (otherVector) {\n var dotProduct = 0,\n a = this.elements, b = otherVector.elements,\n aLen = a.length, bLen = b.length,\n aVal = 0, bVal = 0,\n i = 0, j = 0\n\n while (i < aLen && j < bLen) {\n aVal = a[i], bVal = b[j]\n if (aVal < bVal) {\n i += 2\n } else if (aVal > bVal) {\n j += 2\n } else if (aVal == bVal) {\n dotProduct += a[i + 1] * b[j + 1]\n i += 2\n j += 2\n }\n }\n\n return dotProduct\n}\n\n/**\n * Calculates the similarity between this vector and another vector.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Vector} otherVector - The other vector to calculate the\n * similarity with.\n * @returns {Number}\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.similarity = function (otherVector) {\n return this.dot(otherVector) / this.magnitude() || 0\n}\n\n/**\n * Converts the vector to an array of the elements within the vector.\n *\n * @returns {Number[]}\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.toArray = function () {\n var output = new Array (this.elements.length / 2)\n\n for (var i = 1, j = 0; i < this.elements.length; i += 2, j++) {\n output[j] = this.elements[i]\n }\n\n return output\n}\n\n/**\n * A JSON serializable representation of the vector.\n *\n * @returns {Number[]}\n */\nlunr.Vector.prototype.toJSON = function () {\n return this.elements\n}\n/* eslint-disable */\n/*!\n * lunr.stemmer\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n * Includes code from - http://tartarus.org/~martin/PorterStemmer/js.txt\n */\n\n/**\n * lunr.stemmer is an english language stemmer, this is a JavaScript\n * implementation of the PorterStemmer taken from http://tartarus.org/~martin\n *\n * @static\n * @implements {lunr.PipelineFunction}\n * @param {lunr.Token} token - The string to stem\n * @returns {lunr.Token}\n * @see {@link lunr.Pipeline}\n * @function\n */\nlunr.stemmer = (function(){\n var step2list = {\n \"ational\" : \"ate\",\n \"tional\" : \"tion\",\n \"enci\" : \"ence\",\n \"anci\" : \"ance\",\n \"izer\" : \"ize\",\n \"bli\" : \"ble\",\n \"alli\" : \"al\",\n \"entli\" : \"ent\",\n \"eli\" : \"e\",\n \"ousli\" : \"ous\",\n \"ization\" : \"ize\",\n \"ation\" : \"ate\",\n \"ator\" : \"ate\",\n \"alism\" : \"al\",\n \"iveness\" : \"ive\",\n \"fulness\" : \"ful\",\n \"ousness\" : \"ous\",\n \"aliti\" : \"al\",\n \"iviti\" : \"ive\",\n \"biliti\" : \"ble\",\n \"logi\" : \"log\"\n },\n\n step3list = {\n \"icate\" : \"ic\",\n \"ative\" : \"\",\n \"alize\" : \"al\",\n \"iciti\" : \"ic\",\n \"ical\" : \"ic\",\n \"ful\" : \"\",\n \"ness\" : \"\"\n },\n\n c = \"[^aeiou]\", // consonant\n v = \"[aeiouy]\", // vowel\n C = c + \"[^aeiouy]*\", // consonant sequence\n V = v + \"[aeiou]*\", // vowel sequence\n\n mgr0 = \"^(\" + C + \")?\" + V + C, // [C]VC... is m>0\n meq1 = \"^(\" + C + \")?\" + V + C + \"(\" + V + \")?$\", // [C]VC[V] is m=1\n mgr1 = \"^(\" + C + \")?\" + V + C + V + C, // [C]VCVC... is m>1\n s_v = \"^(\" + C + \")?\" + v; // vowel in stem\n\n var re_mgr0 = new RegExp(mgr0);\n var re_mgr1 = new RegExp(mgr1);\n var re_meq1 = new RegExp(meq1);\n var re_s_v = new RegExp(s_v);\n\n var re_1a = /^(.+?)(ss|i)es$/;\n var re2_1a = /^(.+?)([^s])s$/;\n var re_1b = /^(.+?)eed$/;\n var re2_1b = /^(.+?)(ed|ing)$/;\n var re_1b_2 = /.$/;\n var re2_1b_2 = /(at|bl|iz)$/;\n var re3_1b_2 = new RegExp(\"([^aeiouylsz])\\\\1$\");\n var re4_1b_2 = new RegExp(\"^\" + C + v + \"[^aeiouwxy]$\");\n\n var re_1c = /^(.+?[^aeiou])y$/;\n var re_2 = /^(.+?)(ational|tional|enci|anci|izer|bli|alli|entli|eli|ousli|ization|ation|ator|alism|iveness|fulness|ousness|aliti|iviti|biliti|logi)$/;\n\n var re_3 = /^(.+?)(icate|ative|alize|iciti|ical|ful|ness)$/;\n\n var re_4 = /^(.+?)(al|ance|ence|er|ic|able|ible|ant|ement|ment|ent|ou|ism|ate|iti|ous|ive|ize)$/;\n var re2_4 = /^(.+?)(s|t)(ion)$/;\n\n var re_5 = /^(.+?)e$/;\n var re_5_1 = /ll$/;\n var re3_5 = new RegExp(\"^\" + C + v + \"[^aeiouwxy]$\");\n\n var porterStemmer = function porterStemmer(w) {\n var stem,\n suffix,\n firstch,\n re,\n re2,\n re3,\n re4;\n\n if (w.length < 3) { return w; }\n\n firstch = w.substr(0,1);\n if (firstch == \"y\") {\n w = firstch.toUpperCase() + w.substr(1);\n }\n\n // Step 1a\n re = re_1a\n re2 = re2_1a;\n\n if (re.test(w)) { w = w.replace(re,\"$1$2\"); }\n else if (re2.test(w)) { w = w.replace(re2,\"$1$2\"); }\n\n // Step 1b\n re = re_1b;\n re2 = re2_1b;\n if (re.test(w)) {\n var fp = re.exec(w);\n re = re_mgr0;\n if (re.test(fp[1])) {\n re = re_1b_2;\n w = w.replace(re,\"\");\n }\n } else if (re2.test(w)) {\n var fp = re2.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1];\n re2 = re_s_v;\n if (re2.test(stem)) {\n w = stem;\n re2 = re2_1b_2;\n re3 = re3_1b_2;\n re4 = re4_1b_2;\n if (re2.test(w)) { w = w + \"e\"; }\n else if (re3.test(w)) { re = re_1b_2; w = w.replace(re,\"\"); }\n else if (re4.test(w)) { w = w + \"e\"; }\n }\n }\n\n // Step 1c - replace suffix y or Y by i if preceded by a non-vowel which is not the first letter of the word (so cry -> cri, by -> by, say -> say)\n re = re_1c;\n if (re.test(w)) {\n var fp = re.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1];\n w = stem + \"i\";\n }\n\n // Step 2\n re = re_2;\n if (re.test(w)) {\n var fp = re.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1];\n suffix = fp[2];\n re = re_mgr0;\n if (re.test(stem)) {\n w = stem + step2list[suffix];\n }\n }\n\n // Step 3\n re = re_3;\n if (re.test(w)) {\n var fp = re.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1];\n suffix = fp[2];\n re = re_mgr0;\n if (re.test(stem)) {\n w = stem + step3list[suffix];\n }\n }\n\n // Step 4\n re = re_4;\n re2 = re2_4;\n if (re.test(w)) {\n var fp = re.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1];\n re = re_mgr1;\n if (re.test(stem)) {\n w = stem;\n }\n } else if (re2.test(w)) {\n var fp = re2.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1] + fp[2];\n re2 = re_mgr1;\n if (re2.test(stem)) {\n w = stem;\n }\n }\n\n // Step 5\n re = re_5;\n if (re.test(w)) {\n var fp = re.exec(w);\n stem = fp[1];\n re = re_mgr1;\n re2 = re_meq1;\n re3 = re3_5;\n if (re.test(stem) || (re2.test(stem) && !(re3.test(stem)))) {\n w = stem;\n }\n }\n\n re = re_5_1;\n re2 = re_mgr1;\n if (re.test(w) && re2.test(w)) {\n re = re_1b_2;\n w = w.replace(re,\"\");\n }\n\n // and turn initial Y back to y\n\n if (firstch == \"y\") {\n w = firstch.toLowerCase() + w.substr(1);\n }\n\n return w;\n };\n\n return function (token) {\n return token.update(porterStemmer);\n }\n})();\n\nlunr.Pipeline.registerFunction(lunr.stemmer, 'stemmer')\n/*!\n * lunr.stopWordFilter\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * lunr.generateStopWordFilter builds a stopWordFilter function from the provided\n * list of stop words.\n *\n * The built in lunr.stopWordFilter is built using this generator and can be used\n * to generate custom stopWordFilters for applications or non English languages.\n *\n * @function\n * @param {Array} token The token to pass through the filter\n * @returns {lunr.PipelineFunction}\n * @see lunr.Pipeline\n * @see lunr.stopWordFilter\n */\nlunr.generateStopWordFilter = function (stopWords) {\n var words = stopWords.reduce(function (memo, stopWord) {\n memo[stopWord] = stopWord\n return memo\n }, {})\n\n return function (token) {\n if (token && words[token.toString()] !== token.toString()) return token\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * lunr.stopWordFilter is an English language stop word list filter, any words\n * contained in the list will not be passed through the filter.\n *\n * This is intended to be used in the Pipeline. If the token does not pass the\n * filter then undefined will be returned.\n *\n * @function\n * @implements {lunr.PipelineFunction}\n * @params {lunr.Token} token - A token to check for being a stop word.\n * @returns {lunr.Token}\n * @see {@link lunr.Pipeline}\n */\nlunr.stopWordFilter = lunr.generateStopWordFilter([\n 'a',\n 'able',\n 'about',\n 'across',\n 'after',\n 'all',\n 'almost',\n 'also',\n 'am',\n 'among',\n 'an',\n 'and',\n 'any',\n 'are',\n 'as',\n 'at',\n 'be',\n 'because',\n 'been',\n 'but',\n 'by',\n 'can',\n 'cannot',\n 'could',\n 'dear',\n 'did',\n 'do',\n 'does',\n 'either',\n 'else',\n 'ever',\n 'every',\n 'for',\n 'from',\n 'get',\n 'got',\n 'had',\n 'has',\n 'have',\n 'he',\n 'her',\n 'hers',\n 'him',\n 'his',\n 'how',\n 'however',\n 'i',\n 'if',\n 'in',\n 'into',\n 'is',\n 'it',\n 'its',\n 'just',\n 'least',\n 'let',\n 'like',\n 'likely',\n 'may',\n 'me',\n 'might',\n 'most',\n 'must',\n 'my',\n 'neither',\n 'no',\n 'nor',\n 'not',\n 'of',\n 'off',\n 'often',\n 'on',\n 'only',\n 'or',\n 'other',\n 'our',\n 'own',\n 'rather',\n 'said',\n 'say',\n 'says',\n 'she',\n 'should',\n 'since',\n 'so',\n 'some',\n 'than',\n 'that',\n 'the',\n 'their',\n 'them',\n 'then',\n 'there',\n 'these',\n 'they',\n 'this',\n 'tis',\n 'to',\n 'too',\n 'twas',\n 'us',\n 'wants',\n 'was',\n 'we',\n 'were',\n 'what',\n 'when',\n 'where',\n 'which',\n 'while',\n 'who',\n 'whom',\n 'why',\n 'will',\n 'with',\n 'would',\n 'yet',\n 'you',\n 'your'\n])\n\nlunr.Pipeline.registerFunction(lunr.stopWordFilter, 'stopWordFilter')\n/*!\n * lunr.trimmer\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * lunr.trimmer is a pipeline function for trimming non word\n * characters from the beginning and end of tokens before they\n * enter the index.\n *\n * This implementation may not work correctly for non latin\n * characters and should either be removed or adapted for use\n * with languages with non-latin characters.\n *\n * @static\n * @implements {lunr.PipelineFunction}\n * @param {lunr.Token} token The token to pass through the filter\n * @returns {lunr.Token}\n * @see lunr.Pipeline\n */\nlunr.trimmer = function (token) {\n return token.update(function (s) {\n return s.replace(/^\\W+/, '').replace(/\\W+$/, '')\n })\n}\n\nlunr.Pipeline.registerFunction(lunr.trimmer, 'trimmer')\n/*!\n * lunr.TokenSet\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * A token set is used to store the unique list of all tokens\n * within an index. Token sets are also used to represent an\n * incoming query to the index, this query token set and index\n * token set are then intersected to find which tokens to look\n * up in the inverted index.\n *\n * A token set can hold multiple tokens, as in the case of the\n * index token set, or it can hold a single token as in the\n * case of a simple query token set.\n *\n * Additionally token sets are used to perform wildcard matching.\n * Leading, contained and trailing wildcards are supported, and\n * from this edit distance matching can also be provided.\n *\n * Token sets are implemented as a minimal finite state automata,\n * where both common prefixes and suffixes are shared between tokens.\n * This helps to reduce the space used for storing the token set.\n *\n * @constructor\n */\nlunr.TokenSet = function () {\n this.final = false\n this.edges = {}\n this.id = lunr.TokenSet._nextId\n lunr.TokenSet._nextId += 1\n}\n\n/**\n * Keeps track of the next, auto increment, identifier to assign\n * to a new tokenSet.\n *\n * TokenSets require a unique identifier to be correctly minimised.\n *\n * @private\n */\nlunr.TokenSet._nextId = 1\n\n/**\n * Creates a TokenSet instance from the given sorted array of words.\n *\n * @param {String[]} arr - A sorted array of strings to create the set from.\n * @returns {lunr.TokenSet}\n * @throws Will throw an error if the input array is not sorted.\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.fromArray = function (arr) {\n var builder = new lunr.TokenSet.Builder\n\n for (var i = 0, len = arr.length; i < len; i++) {\n builder.insert(arr[i])\n }\n\n builder.finish()\n return builder.root\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a token set from a query clause.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} clause - A single clause from lunr.Query.\n * @param {string} clause.term - The query clause term.\n * @param {number} [clause.editDistance] - The optional edit distance for the term.\n * @returns {lunr.TokenSet}\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.fromClause = function (clause) {\n if ('editDistance' in clause) {\n return lunr.TokenSet.fromFuzzyString(clause.term, clause.editDistance)\n } else {\n return lunr.TokenSet.fromString(clause.term)\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a token set representing a single string with a specified\n * edit distance.\n *\n * Insertions, deletions, substitutions and transpositions are each\n * treated as an edit distance of 1.\n *\n * Increasing the allowed edit distance will have a dramatic impact\n * on the performance of both creating and intersecting these TokenSets.\n * It is advised to keep the edit distance less than 3.\n *\n * @param {string} str - The string to create the token set from.\n * @param {number} editDistance - The allowed edit distance to match.\n * @returns {lunr.Vector}\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.fromFuzzyString = function (str, editDistance) {\n var root = new lunr.TokenSet\n\n var stack = [{\n node: root,\n editsRemaining: editDistance,\n str: str\n }]\n\n while (stack.length) {\n var frame = stack.pop()\n\n // no edit\n if (frame.str.length > 0) {\n var char = frame.str.charAt(0),\n noEditNode\n\n if (char in frame.node.edges) {\n noEditNode = frame.node.edges[char]\n } else {\n noEditNode = new lunr.TokenSet\n frame.node.edges[char] = noEditNode\n }\n\n if (frame.str.length == 1) {\n noEditNode.final = true\n }\n\n stack.push({\n node: noEditNode,\n editsRemaining: frame.editsRemaining,\n str: frame.str.slice(1)\n })\n }\n\n if (frame.editsRemaining == 0) {\n continue\n }\n\n // insertion\n if (\"*\" in frame.node.edges) {\n var insertionNode = frame.node.edges[\"*\"]\n } else {\n var insertionNode = new lunr.TokenSet\n frame.node.edges[\"*\"] = insertionNode\n }\n\n if (frame.str.length == 0) {\n insertionNode.final = true\n }\n\n stack.push({\n node: insertionNode,\n editsRemaining: frame.editsRemaining - 1,\n str: frame.str\n })\n\n // deletion\n // can only do a deletion if we have enough edits remaining\n // and if there are characters left to delete in the string\n if (frame.str.length > 1) {\n stack.push({\n node: frame.node,\n editsRemaining: frame.editsRemaining - 1,\n str: frame.str.slice(1)\n })\n }\n\n // deletion\n // just removing the last character from the str\n if (frame.str.length == 1) {\n frame.node.final = true\n }\n\n // substitution\n // can only do a substitution if we have enough edits remaining\n // and if there are characters left to substitute\n if (frame.str.length >= 1) {\n if (\"*\" in frame.node.edges) {\n var substitutionNode = frame.node.edges[\"*\"]\n } else {\n var substitutionNode = new lunr.TokenSet\n frame.node.edges[\"*\"] = substitutionNode\n }\n\n if (frame.str.length == 1) {\n substitutionNode.final = true\n }\n\n stack.push({\n node: substitutionNode,\n editsRemaining: frame.editsRemaining - 1,\n str: frame.str.slice(1)\n })\n }\n\n // transposition\n // can only do a transposition if there are edits remaining\n // and there are enough characters to transpose\n if (frame.str.length > 1) {\n var charA = frame.str.charAt(0),\n charB = frame.str.charAt(1),\n transposeNode\n\n if (charB in frame.node.edges) {\n transposeNode = frame.node.edges[charB]\n } else {\n transposeNode = new lunr.TokenSet\n frame.node.edges[charB] = transposeNode\n }\n\n if (frame.str.length == 1) {\n transposeNode.final = true\n }\n\n stack.push({\n node: transposeNode,\n editsRemaining: frame.editsRemaining - 1,\n str: charA + frame.str.slice(2)\n })\n }\n }\n\n return root\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a TokenSet from a string.\n *\n * The string may contain one or more wildcard characters (*)\n * that will allow wildcard matching when intersecting with\n * another TokenSet.\n *\n * @param {string} str - The string to create a TokenSet from.\n * @returns {lunr.TokenSet}\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.fromString = function (str) {\n var node = new lunr.TokenSet,\n root = node\n\n /*\n * Iterates through all characters within the passed string\n * appending a node for each character.\n *\n * When a wildcard character is found then a self\n * referencing edge is introduced to continually match\n * any number of any characters.\n */\n for (var i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i++) {\n var char = str[i],\n final = (i == len - 1)\n\n if (char == \"*\") {\n node.edges[char] = node\n node.final = final\n\n } else {\n var next = new lunr.TokenSet\n next.final = final\n\n node.edges[char] = next\n node = next\n }\n }\n\n return root\n}\n\n/**\n * Converts this TokenSet into an array of strings\n * contained within the TokenSet.\n *\n * This is not intended to be used on a TokenSet that\n * contains wildcards, in these cases the results are\n * undefined and are likely to cause an infinite loop.\n *\n * @returns {string[]}\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.prototype.toArray = function () {\n var words = []\n\n var stack = [{\n prefix: \"\",\n node: this\n }]\n\n while (stack.length) {\n var frame = stack.pop(),\n edges = Object.keys(frame.node.edges),\n len = edges.length\n\n if (frame.node.final) {\n /* In Safari, at this point the prefix is sometimes corrupted, see:\n * https://github.com/olivernn/lunr.js/issues/279 Calling any\n * String.prototype method forces Safari to \"cast\" this string to what\n * it's supposed to be, fixing the bug. */\n frame.prefix.charAt(0)\n words.push(frame.prefix)\n }\n\n for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n var edge = edges[i]\n\n stack.push({\n prefix: frame.prefix.concat(edge),\n node: frame.node.edges[edge]\n })\n }\n }\n\n return words\n}\n\n/**\n * Generates a string representation of a TokenSet.\n *\n * This is intended to allow TokenSets to be used as keys\n * in objects, largely to aid the construction and minimisation\n * of a TokenSet. As such it is not designed to be a human\n * friendly representation of the TokenSet.\n *\n * @returns {string}\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.prototype.toString = function () {\n // NOTE: Using Object.keys here as this.edges is very likely\n // to enter 'hash-mode' with many keys being added\n //\n // avoiding a for-in loop here as it leads to the function\n // being de-optimised (at least in V8). From some simple\n // benchmarks the performance is comparable, but allowing\n // V8 to optimize may mean easy performance wins in the future.\n\n if (this._str) {\n return this._str\n }\n\n var str = this.final ? '1' : '0',\n labels = Object.keys(this.edges).sort(),\n len = labels.length\n\n for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n var label = labels[i],\n node = this.edges[label]\n\n str = str + label + node.id\n }\n\n return str\n}\n\n/**\n * Returns a new TokenSet that is the intersection of\n * this TokenSet and the passed TokenSet.\n *\n * This intersection will take into account any wildcards\n * contained within the TokenSet.\n *\n * @param {lunr.TokenSet} b - An other TokenSet to intersect with.\n * @returns {lunr.TokenSet}\n */\nlunr.TokenSet.prototype.intersect = function (b) {\n var output = new lunr.TokenSet,\n frame = undefined\n\n var stack = [{\n qNode: b,\n output: output,\n node: this\n }]\n\n while (stack.length) {\n frame = stack.pop()\n\n // NOTE: As with the #toString method, we are using\n // Object.keys and a for loop instead of a for-in loop\n // as both of these objects enter 'hash' mode, causing\n // the function to be de-optimised in V8\n var qEdges = Object.keys(frame.qNode.edges),\n qLen = qEdges.length,\n nEdges = Object.keys(frame.node.edges),\n nLen = nEdges.length\n\n for (var q = 0; q < qLen; q++) {\n var qEdge = qEdges[q]\n\n for (var n = 0; n < nLen; n++) {\n var nEdge = nEdges[n]\n\n if (nEdge == qEdge || qEdge == '*') {\n var node = frame.node.edges[nEdge],\n qNode = frame.qNode.edges[qEdge],\n final = node.final && qNode.final,\n next = undefined\n\n if (nEdge in frame.output.edges) {\n // an edge already exists for this character\n // no need to create a new node, just set the finality\n // bit unless this node is already final\n next = frame.output.edges[nEdge]\n next.final = next.final || final\n\n } else {\n // no edge exists yet, must create one\n // set the finality bit and insert it\n // into the output\n next = new lunr.TokenSet\n next.final = final\n frame.output.edges[nEdge] = next\n }\n\n stack.push({\n qNode: qNode,\n output: next,\n node: node\n })\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n return output\n}\nlunr.TokenSet.Builder = function () {\n this.previousWord = \"\"\n this.root = new lunr.TokenSet\n this.uncheckedNodes = []\n this.minimizedNodes = {}\n}\n\nlunr.TokenSet.Builder.prototype.insert = function (word) {\n var node,\n commonPrefix = 0\n\n if (word < this.previousWord) {\n throw new Error (\"Out of order word insertion\")\n }\n\n for (var i = 0; i < word.length && i < this.previousWord.length; i++) {\n if (word[i] != this.previousWord[i]) break\n commonPrefix++\n }\n\n this.minimize(commonPrefix)\n\n if (this.uncheckedNodes.length == 0) {\n node = this.root\n } else {\n node = this.uncheckedNodes[this.uncheckedNodes.length - 1].child\n }\n\n for (var i = commonPrefix; i < word.length; i++) {\n var nextNode = new lunr.TokenSet,\n char = word[i]\n\n node.edges[char] = nextNode\n\n this.uncheckedNodes.push({\n parent: node,\n char: char,\n child: nextNode\n })\n\n node = nextNode\n }\n\n node.final = true\n this.previousWord = word\n}\n\nlunr.TokenSet.Builder.prototype.finish = function () {\n this.minimize(0)\n}\n\nlunr.TokenSet.Builder.prototype.minimize = function (downTo) {\n for (var i = this.uncheckedNodes.length - 1; i >= downTo; i--) {\n var node = this.uncheckedNodes[i],\n childKey = node.child.toString()\n\n if (childKey in this.minimizedNodes) {\n node.parent.edges[node.char] = this.minimizedNodes[childKey]\n } else {\n // Cache the key for this node since\n // we know it can't change anymore\n node.child._str = childKey\n\n this.minimizedNodes[childKey] = node.child\n }\n\n this.uncheckedNodes.pop()\n }\n}\n/*!\n * lunr.Index\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * An index contains the built index of all documents and provides a query interface\n * to the index.\n *\n * Usually instances of lunr.Index will not be created using this constructor, instead\n * lunr.Builder should be used to construct new indexes, or lunr.Index.load should be\n * used to load previously built and serialized indexes.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @param {Object} attrs - The attributes of the built search index.\n * @param {Object} attrs.invertedIndex - An index of term/field to document reference.\n * @param {Object} attrs.fieldVectors - Field vectors\n * @param {lunr.TokenSet} attrs.tokenSet - An set of all corpus tokens.\n * @param {string[]} attrs.fields - The names of indexed document fields.\n * @param {lunr.Pipeline} attrs.pipeline - The pipeline to use for search terms.\n */\nlunr.Index = function (attrs) {\n this.invertedIndex = attrs.invertedIndex\n this.fieldVectors = attrs.fieldVectors\n this.tokenSet = attrs.tokenSet\n this.fields = attrs.fields\n this.pipeline = attrs.pipeline\n}\n\n/**\n * A result contains details of a document matching a search query.\n * @typedef {Object} lunr.Index~Result\n * @property {string} ref - The reference of the document this result represents.\n * @property {number} score - A number between 0 and 1 representing how similar this document is to the query.\n * @property {lunr.MatchData} matchData - Contains metadata about this match including which term(s) caused the match.\n */\n\n/**\n * Although lunr provides the ability to create queries using lunr.Query, it also provides a simple\n * query language which itself is parsed into an instance of lunr.Query.\n *\n * For programmatically building queries it is advised to directly use lunr.Query, the query language\n * is best used for human entered text rather than program generated text.\n *\n * At its simplest queries can just be a single term, e.g. `hello`, multiple terms are also supported\n * and will be combined with OR, e.g `hello world` will match documents that contain either 'hello'\n * or 'world', though those that contain both will rank higher in the results.\n *\n * Wildcards can be included in terms to match one or more unspecified characters, these wildcards can\n * be inserted anywhere within the term, and more than one wildcard can exist in a single term. Adding\n * wildcards will increase the number of documents that will be found but can also have a negative\n * impact on query performance, especially with wildcards at the beginning of a term.\n *\n * Terms can be restricted to specific fields, e.g. `title:hello`, only documents with the term\n * hello in the title field will match this query. Using a field not present in the index will lead\n * to an error being thrown.\n *\n * Modifiers can also be added to terms, lunr supports edit distance and boost modifiers on terms. A term\n * boost will make documents matching that term score higher, e.g. `foo^5`. Edit distance is also supported\n * to provide fuzzy matching, e.g. 'hello~2' will match documents with hello with an edit distance of 2.\n * Avoid large values for edit distance to improve query performance.\n *\n * Each term also supports a presence modifier. By default a term's presence in document is optional, however\n * this can be changed to either required or prohibited. For a term's presence to be required in a document the\n * term should be prefixed with a '+', e.g. `+foo bar` is a search for documents that must contain 'foo' and\n * optionally contain 'bar'. Conversely a leading '-' sets the terms presence to prohibited, i.e. it must not\n * appear in a document, e.g. `-foo bar` is a search for documents that do not contain 'foo' but may contain 'bar'.\n *\n * To escape special characters the backslash character '\\' can be used, this allows searches to include\n * characters that would normally be considered modifiers, e.g. `foo\\~2` will search for a term \"foo~2\" instead\n * of attempting to apply a boost of 2 to the search term \"foo\".\n *\n * @typedef {string} lunr.Index~QueryString\n * @example Simple single term query\n * hello\n * @example Multiple term query\n * hello world\n * @example term scoped to a field\n * title:hello\n * @example term with a boost of 10\n * hello^10\n * @example term with an edit distance of 2\n * hello~2\n * @example terms with presence modifiers\n * -foo +bar baz\n */\n\n/**\n * Performs a search against the index using lunr query syntax.\n *\n * Results will be returned sorted by their score, the most relevant results\n * will be returned first. For details on how the score is calculated, please see\n * the {@link https://lunrjs.com/guides/searching.html#scoring|guide}.\n *\n * For more programmatic querying use lunr.Index#query.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Index~QueryString} queryString - A string containing a lunr query.\n * @throws {lunr.QueryParseError} If the passed query string cannot be parsed.\n * @returns {lunr.Index~Result[]}\n */\nlunr.Index.prototype.search = function (queryString) {\n return this.query(function (query) {\n var parser = new lunr.QueryParser(queryString, query)\n parser.parse()\n })\n}\n\n/**\n * A query builder callback provides a query object to be used to express\n * the query to perform on the index.\n *\n * @callback lunr.Index~queryBuilder\n * @param {lunr.Query} query - The query object to build up.\n * @this lunr.Query\n */\n\n/**\n * Performs a query against the index using the yielded lunr.Query object.\n *\n * If performing programmatic queries against the index, this method is preferred\n * over lunr.Index#search so as to avoid the additional query parsing overhead.\n *\n * A query object is yielded to the supplied function which should be used to\n * express the query to be run against the index.\n *\n * Note that although this function takes a callback parameter it is _not_ an\n * asynchronous operation, the callback is just yielded a query object to be\n * customized.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Index~queryBuilder} fn - A function that is used to build the query.\n * @returns {lunr.Index~Result[]}\n */\nlunr.Index.prototype.query = function (fn) {\n // for each query clause\n // * process terms\n // * expand terms from token set\n // * find matching documents and metadata\n // * get document vectors\n // * score documents\n\n var query = new lunr.Query(this.fields),\n matchingFields = Object.create(null),\n queryVectors = Object.create(null),\n termFieldCache = Object.create(null),\n requiredMatches = Object.create(null),\n prohibitedMatches = Object.create(null)\n\n /*\n * To support field level boosts a query vector is created per\n * field. An empty vector is eagerly created to support negated\n * queries.\n */\n for (var i = 0; i < this.fields.length; i++) {\n queryVectors[this.fields[i]] = new lunr.Vector\n }\n\n fn.call(query, query)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < query.clauses.length; i++) {\n /*\n * Unless the pipeline has been disabled for this term, which is\n * the case for terms with wildcards, we need to pass the clause\n * term through the search pipeline. A pipeline returns an array\n * of processed terms. Pipeline functions may expand the passed\n * term, which means we may end up performing multiple index lookups\n * for a single query term.\n */\n var clause = query.clauses[i],\n terms = null,\n clauseMatches = lunr.Set.empty\n\n if (clause.usePipeline) {\n terms = this.pipeline.runString(clause.term, {\n fields: clause.fields\n })\n } else {\n terms = [clause.term]\n }\n\n for (var m = 0; m < terms.length; m++) {\n var term = terms[m]\n\n /*\n * Each term returned from the pipeline needs to use the same query\n * clause object, e.g. the same boost and or edit distance. The\n * simplest way to do this is to re-use the clause object but mutate\n * its term property.\n */\n clause.term = term\n\n /*\n * From the term in the clause we create a token set which will then\n * be used to intersect the indexes token set to get a list of terms\n * to lookup in the inverted index\n */\n var termTokenSet = lunr.TokenSet.fromClause(clause),\n expandedTerms = this.tokenSet.intersect(termTokenSet).toArray()\n\n /*\n * If a term marked as required does not exist in the tokenSet it is\n * impossible for the search to return any matches. We set all the field\n * scoped required matches set to empty and stop examining any further\n * clauses.\n */\n if (expandedTerms.length === 0 && clause.presence === lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED) {\n for (var k = 0; k < clause.fields.length; k++) {\n var field = clause.fields[k]\n requiredMatches[field] = lunr.Set.empty\n }\n\n break\n }\n\n for (var j = 0; j < expandedTerms.length; j++) {\n /*\n * For each term get the posting and termIndex, this is required for\n * building the query vector.\n */\n var expandedTerm = expandedTerms[j],\n posting = this.invertedIndex[expandedTerm],\n termIndex = posting._index\n\n for (var k = 0; k < clause.fields.length; k++) {\n /*\n * For each field that this query term is scoped by (by default\n * all fields are in scope) we need to get all the document refs\n * that have this term in that field.\n *\n * The posting is the entry in the invertedIndex for the matching\n * term from above.\n */\n var field = clause.fields[k],\n fieldPosting = posting[field],\n matchingDocumentRefs = Object.keys(fieldPosting),\n termField = expandedTerm + \"/\" + field,\n matchingDocumentsSet = new lunr.Set(matchingDocumentRefs)\n\n /*\n * if the presence of this term is required ensure that the matching\n * documents are added to the set of required matches for this clause.\n *\n */\n if (clause.presence == lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED) {\n clauseMatches = clauseMatches.union(matchingDocumentsSet)\n\n if (requiredMatches[field] === undefined) {\n requiredMatches[field] = lunr.Set.complete\n }\n }\n\n /*\n * if the presence of this term is prohibited ensure that the matching\n * documents are added to the set of prohibited matches for this field,\n * creating that set if it does not yet exist.\n */\n if (clause.presence == lunr.Query.presence.PROHIBITED) {\n if (prohibitedMatches[field] === undefined) {\n prohibitedMatches[field] = lunr.Set.empty\n }\n\n prohibitedMatches[field] = prohibitedMatches[field].union(matchingDocumentsSet)\n\n /*\n * Prohibited matches should not be part of the query vector used for\n * similarity scoring and no metadata should be extracted so we continue\n * to the next field\n */\n continue\n }\n\n /*\n * The query field vector is populated using the termIndex found for\n * the term and a unit value with the appropriate boost applied.\n * Using upsert because there could already be an entry in the vector\n * for the term we are working with. In that case we just add the scores\n * together.\n */\n queryVectors[field].upsert(termIndex, clause.boost, function (a, b) { return a + b })\n\n /**\n * If we've already seen this term, field combo then we've already collected\n * the matching documents and metadata, no need to go through all that again\n */\n if (termFieldCache[termField]) {\n continue\n }\n\n for (var l = 0; l < matchingDocumentRefs.length; l++) {\n /*\n * All metadata for this term/field/document triple\n * are then extracted and collected into an instance\n * of lunr.MatchData ready to be returned in the query\n * results\n */\n var matchingDocumentRef = matchingDocumentRefs[l],\n matchingFieldRef = new lunr.FieldRef (matchingDocumentRef, field),\n metadata = fieldPosting[matchingDocumentRef],\n fieldMatch\n\n if ((fieldMatch = matchingFields[matchingFieldRef]) === undefined) {\n matchingFields[matchingFieldRef] = new lunr.MatchData (expandedTerm, field, metadata)\n } else {\n fieldMatch.add(expandedTerm, field, metadata)\n }\n\n }\n\n termFieldCache[termField] = true\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * If the presence was required we need to update the requiredMatches field sets.\n * We do this after all fields for the term have collected their matches because\n * the clause terms presence is required in _any_ of the fields not _all_ of the\n * fields.\n */\n if (clause.presence === lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED) {\n for (var k = 0; k < clause.fields.length; k++) {\n var field = clause.fields[k]\n requiredMatches[field] = requiredMatches[field].intersect(clauseMatches)\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Need to combine the field scoped required and prohibited\n * matching documents into a global set of required and prohibited\n * matches\n */\n var allRequiredMatches = lunr.Set.complete,\n allProhibitedMatches = lunr.Set.empty\n\n for (var i = 0; i < this.fields.length; i++) {\n var field = this.fields[i]\n\n if (requiredMatches[field]) {\n allRequiredMatches = allRequiredMatches.intersect(requiredMatches[field])\n }\n\n if (prohibitedMatches[field]) {\n allProhibitedMatches = allProhibitedMatches.union(prohibitedMatches[field])\n }\n }\n\n var matchingFieldRefs = Object.keys(matchingFields),\n results = [],\n matches = Object.create(null)\n\n /*\n * If the query is negated (contains only prohibited terms)\n * we need to get _all_ fieldRefs currently existing in the\n * index. This is only done when we know that the query is\n * entirely prohibited terms to avoid any cost of getting all\n * fieldRefs unnecessarily.\n *\n * Additionally, blank MatchData must be created to correctly\n * populate the results.\n */\n if (query.isNegated()) {\n matchingFieldRefs = Object.keys(this.fieldVectors)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < matchingFieldRefs.length; i++) {\n var matchingFieldRef = matchingFieldRefs[i]\n var fieldRef = lunr.FieldRef.fromString(matchingFieldRef)\n matchingFields[matchingFieldRef] = new lunr.MatchData\n }\n }\n\n for (var i = 0; i < matchingFieldRefs.length; i++) {\n /*\n * Currently we have document fields that match the query, but we\n * need to return documents. The matchData and scores are combined\n * from multiple fields belonging to the same document.\n *\n * Scores are calculated by field, using the query vectors created\n * above, and combined into a final document score using addition.\n */\n var fieldRef = lunr.FieldRef.fromString(matchingFieldRefs[i]),\n docRef = fieldRef.docRef\n\n if (!allRequiredMatches.contains(docRef)) {\n continue\n }\n\n if (allProhibitedMatches.contains(docRef)) {\n continue\n }\n\n var fieldVector = this.fieldVectors[fieldRef],\n score = queryVectors[fieldRef.fieldName].similarity(fieldVector),\n docMatch\n\n if ((docMatch = matches[docRef]) !== undefined) {\n docMatch.score += score\n docMatch.matchData.combine(matchingFields[fieldRef])\n } else {\n var match = {\n ref: docRef,\n score: score,\n matchData: matchingFields[fieldRef]\n }\n matches[docRef] = match\n results.push(match)\n }\n }\n\n /*\n * Sort the results objects by score, highest first.\n */\n return results.sort(function (a, b) {\n return b.score - a.score\n })\n}\n\n/**\n * Prepares the index for JSON serialization.\n *\n * The schema for this JSON blob will be described in a\n * separate JSON schema file.\n *\n * @returns {Object}\n */\nlunr.Index.prototype.toJSON = function () {\n var invertedIndex = Object.keys(this.invertedIndex)\n .sort()\n .map(function (term) {\n return [term, this.invertedIndex[term]]\n }, this)\n\n var fieldVectors = Object.keys(this.fieldVectors)\n .map(function (ref) {\n return [ref, this.fieldVectors[ref].toJSON()]\n }, this)\n\n return {\n version: lunr.version,\n fields: this.fields,\n fieldVectors: fieldVectors,\n invertedIndex: invertedIndex,\n pipeline: this.pipeline.toJSON()\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Loads a previously serialized lunr.Index\n *\n * @param {Object} serializedIndex - A previously serialized lunr.Index\n * @returns {lunr.Index}\n */\nlunr.Index.load = function (serializedIndex) {\n var attrs = {},\n fieldVectors = {},\n serializedVectors = serializedIndex.fieldVectors,\n invertedIndex = Object.create(null),\n serializedInvertedIndex = serializedIndex.invertedIndex,\n tokenSetBuilder = new lunr.TokenSet.Builder,\n pipeline = lunr.Pipeline.load(serializedIndex.pipeline)\n\n if (serializedIndex.version != lunr.version) {\n lunr.utils.warn(\"Version mismatch when loading serialised index. Current version of lunr '\" + lunr.version + \"' does not match serialized index '\" + serializedIndex.version + \"'\")\n }\n\n for (var i = 0; i < serializedVectors.length; i++) {\n var tuple = serializedVectors[i],\n ref = tuple[0],\n elements = tuple[1]\n\n fieldVectors[ref] = new lunr.Vector(elements)\n }\n\n for (var i = 0; i < serializedInvertedIndex.length; i++) {\n var tuple = serializedInvertedIndex[i],\n term = tuple[0],\n posting = tuple[1]\n\n tokenSetBuilder.insert(term)\n invertedIndex[term] = posting\n }\n\n tokenSetBuilder.finish()\n\n attrs.fields = serializedIndex.fields\n\n attrs.fieldVectors = fieldVectors\n attrs.invertedIndex = invertedIndex\n attrs.tokenSet = tokenSetBuilder.root\n attrs.pipeline = pipeline\n\n return new lunr.Index(attrs)\n}\n/*!\n * lunr.Builder\n * Copyright (C) 2020 Oliver Nightingale\n */\n\n/**\n * lunr.Builder performs indexing on a set of documents and\n * returns instances of lunr.Index ready for querying.\n *\n * All configuration of the index is done via the builder, the\n * fields to index, the document reference, the text processing\n * pipeline and document scoring parameters are all set on the\n * builder before indexing.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @property {string} _ref - Internal reference to the document reference field.\n * @property {string[]} _fields - Internal reference to the document fields to index.\n * @property {object} invertedIndex - The inverted index maps terms to document fields.\n * @property {object} documentTermFrequencies - Keeps track of document term frequencies.\n * @property {object} documentLengths - Keeps track of the length of documents added to the index.\n * @property {lunr.tokenizer} tokenizer - Function for splitting strings into tokens for indexing.\n * @property {lunr.Pipeline} pipeline - The pipeline performs text processing on tokens before indexing.\n * @property {lunr.Pipeline} searchPipeline - A pipeline for processing search terms before querying the index.\n * @property {number} documentCount - Keeps track of the total number of documents indexed.\n * @property {number} _b - A parameter to control field length normalization, setting this to 0 disabled normalization, 1 fully normalizes field lengths, the default value is 0.75.\n * @property {number} _k1 - A parameter to control how quickly an increase in term frequency results in term frequency saturation, the default value is 1.2.\n * @property {number} termIndex - A counter incremented for each unique term, used to identify a terms position in the vector space.\n * @property {array} metadataWhitelist - A list of metadata keys that have been whitelisted for entry in the index.\n */\nlunr.Builder = function () {\n this._ref = \"id\"\n this._fields = Object.create(null)\n this._documents = Object.create(null)\n this.invertedIndex = Object.create(null)\n this.fieldTermFrequencies = {}\n this.fieldLengths = {}\n this.tokenizer = lunr.tokenizer\n this.pipeline = new lunr.Pipeline\n this.searchPipeline = new lunr.Pipeline\n this.documentCount = 0\n this._b = 0.75\n this._k1 = 1.2\n this.termIndex = 0\n this.metadataWhitelist = []\n}\n\n/**\n * Sets the document field used as the document reference. Every document must have this field.\n * The type of this field in the document should be a string, if it is not a string it will be\n * coerced into a string by calling toString.\n *\n * The default ref is 'id'.\n *\n * The ref should _not_ be changed during indexing, it should be set before any documents are\n * added to the index. Changing it during indexing can lead to inconsistent results.\n *\n * @param {string} ref - The name of the reference field in the document.\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.ref = function (ref) {\n this._ref = ref\n}\n\n/**\n * A function that is used to extract a field from a document.\n *\n * Lunr expects a field to be at the top level of a document, if however the field\n * is deeply nested within a document an extractor function can be used to extract\n * the right field for indexing.\n *\n * @callback fieldExtractor\n * @param {object} doc - The document being added to the index.\n * @returns {?(string|object|object[])} obj - The object that will be indexed for this field.\n * @example Extracting a nested field\n * function (doc) { return doc.nested.field }\n */\n\n/**\n * Adds a field to the list of document fields that will be indexed. Every document being\n * indexed should have this field. Null values for this field in indexed documents will\n * not cause errors but will limit the chance of that document being retrieved by searches.\n *\n * All fields should be added before adding documents to the index. Adding fields after\n * a document has been indexed will have no effect on already indexed documents.\n *\n * Fields can be boosted at build time. This allows terms within that field to have more\n * importance when ranking search results. Use a field boost to specify that matches within\n * one field are more important than other fields.\n *\n * @param {string} fieldName - The name of a field to index in all documents.\n * @param {object} attributes - Optional attributes associated with this field.\n * @param {number} [attributes.boost=1] - Boost applied to all terms within this field.\n * @param {fieldExtractor} [attributes.extractor] - Function to extract a field from a document.\n * @throws {RangeError} fieldName cannot contain unsupported characters '/'\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.field = function (fieldName, attributes) {\n if (/\\//.test(fieldName)) {\n throw new RangeError (\"Field '\" + fieldName + \"' contains illegal character '/'\")\n }\n\n this._fields[fieldName] = attributes || {}\n}\n\n/**\n * A parameter to tune the amount of field length normalisation that is applied when\n * calculating relevance scores. A value of 0 will completely disable any normalisation\n * and a value of 1 will fully normalise field lengths. The default is 0.75. Values of b\n * will be clamped to the range 0 - 1.\n *\n * @param {number} number - The value to set for this tuning parameter.\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.b = function (number) {\n if (number < 0) {\n this._b = 0\n } else if (number > 1) {\n this._b = 1\n } else {\n this._b = number\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * A parameter that controls the speed at which a rise in term frequency results in term\n * frequency saturation. The default value is 1.2. Setting this to a higher value will give\n * slower saturation levels, a lower value will result in quicker saturation.\n *\n * @param {number} number - The value to set for this tuning parameter.\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.k1 = function (number) {\n this._k1 = number\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds a document to the index.\n *\n * Before adding fields to the index the index should have been fully setup, with the document\n * ref and all fields to index already having been specified.\n *\n * The document must have a field name as specified by the ref (by default this is 'id') and\n * it should have all fields defined for indexing, though null or undefined values will not\n * cause errors.\n *\n * Entire documents can be boosted at build time. Applying a boost to a document indicates that\n * this document should rank higher in search results than other documents.\n *\n * @param {object} doc - The document to add to the index.\n * @param {object} attributes - Optional attributes associated with this document.\n * @param {number} [attributes.boost=1] - Boost applied to all terms within this document.\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.add = function (doc, attributes) {\n var docRef = doc[this._ref],\n fields = Object.keys(this._fields)\n\n this._documents[docRef] = attributes || {}\n this.documentCount += 1\n\n for (var i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {\n var fieldName = fields[i],\n extractor = this._fields[fieldName].extractor,\n field = extractor ? extractor(doc) : doc[fieldName],\n tokens = this.tokenizer(field, {\n fields: [fieldName]\n }),\n terms = this.pipeline.run(tokens),\n fieldRef = new lunr.FieldRef (docRef, fieldName),\n fieldTerms = Object.create(null)\n\n this.fieldTermFrequencies[fieldRef] = fieldTerms\n this.fieldLengths[fieldRef] = 0\n\n // store the length of this field for this document\n this.fieldLengths[fieldRef] += terms.length\n\n // calculate term frequencies for this field\n for (var j = 0; j < terms.length; j++) {\n var term = terms[j]\n\n if (fieldTerms[term] == undefined) {\n fieldTerms[term] = 0\n }\n\n fieldTerms[term] += 1\n\n // add to inverted index\n // create an initial posting if one doesn't exist\n if (this.invertedIndex[term] == undefined) {\n var posting = Object.create(null)\n posting[\"_index\"] = this.termIndex\n this.termIndex += 1\n\n for (var k = 0; k < fields.length; k++) {\n posting[fields[k]] = Object.create(null)\n }\n\n this.invertedIndex[term] = posting\n }\n\n // add an entry for this term/fieldName/docRef to the invertedIndex\n if (this.invertedIndex[term][fieldName][docRef] == undefined) {\n this.invertedIndex[term][fieldName][docRef] = Object.create(null)\n }\n\n // store all whitelisted metadata about this token in the\n // inverted index\n for (var l = 0; l < this.metadataWhitelist.length; l++) {\n var metadataKey = this.metadataWhitelist[l],\n metadata = term.metadata[metadataKey]\n\n if (this.invertedIndex[term][fieldName][docRef][metadataKey] == undefined) {\n this.invertedIndex[term][fieldName][docRef][metadataKey] = []\n }\n\n this.invertedIndex[term][fieldName][docRef][metadataKey].push(metadata)\n }\n }\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Calculates the average document length for this index\n *\n * @private\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.calculateAverageFieldLengths = function () {\n\n var fieldRefs = Object.keys(this.fieldLengths),\n numberOfFields = fieldRefs.length,\n accumulator = {},\n documentsWithField = {}\n\n for (var i = 0; i < numberOfFields; i++) {\n var fieldRef = lunr.FieldRef.fromString(fieldRefs[i]),\n field = fieldRef.fieldName\n\n documentsWithField[field] || (documentsWithField[field] = 0)\n documentsWithField[field] += 1\n\n accumulator[field] || (accumulator[field] = 0)\n accumulator[field] += this.fieldLengths[fieldRef]\n }\n\n var fields = Object.keys(this._fields)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {\n var fieldName = fields[i]\n accumulator[fieldName] = accumulator[fieldName] / documentsWithField[fieldName]\n }\n\n this.averageFieldLength = accumulator\n}\n\n/**\n * Builds a vector space model of every document using lunr.Vector\n *\n * @private\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.createFieldVectors = function () {\n var fieldVectors = {},\n fieldRefs = Object.keys(this.fieldTermFrequencies),\n fieldRefsLength = fieldRefs.length,\n termIdfCache = Object.create(null)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < fieldRefsLength; i++) {\n var fieldRef = lunr.FieldRef.fromString(fieldRefs[i]),\n fieldName = fieldRef.fieldName,\n fieldLength = this.fieldLengths[fieldRef],\n fieldVector = new lunr.Vector,\n termFrequencies = this.fieldTermFrequencies[fieldRef],\n terms = Object.keys(termFrequencies),\n termsLength = terms.length\n\n\n var fieldBoost = this._fields[fieldName].boost || 1,\n docBoost = this._documents[fieldRef.docRef].boost || 1\n\n for (var j = 0; j < termsLength; j++) {\n var term = terms[j],\n tf = termFrequencies[term],\n termIndex = this.invertedIndex[term]._index,\n idf, score, scoreWithPrecision\n\n if (termIdfCache[term] === undefined) {\n idf = lunr.idf(this.invertedIndex[term], this.documentCount)\n termIdfCache[term] = idf\n } else {\n idf = termIdfCache[term]\n }\n\n score = idf * ((this._k1 + 1) * tf) / (this._k1 * (1 - this._b + this._b * (fieldLength / this.averageFieldLength[fieldName])) + tf)\n score *= fieldBoost\n score *= docBoost\n scoreWithPrecision = Math.round(score * 1000) / 1000\n // Converts 1.23456789 to 1.234.\n // Reducing the precision so that the vectors take up less\n // space when serialised. Doing it now so that they behave\n // the same before and after serialisation. Also, this is\n // the fastest approach to reducing a number's precision in\n // JavaScript.\n\n fieldVector.insert(termIndex, scoreWithPrecision)\n }\n\n fieldVectors[fieldRef] = fieldVector\n }\n\n this.fieldVectors = fieldVectors\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a token set of all tokens in the index using lunr.TokenSet\n *\n * @private\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.createTokenSet = function () {\n this.tokenSet = lunr.TokenSet.fromArray(\n Object.keys(this.invertedIndex).sort()\n )\n}\n\n/**\n * Builds the index, creating an instance of lunr.Index.\n *\n * This completes the indexing process and should only be called\n * once all documents have been added to the index.\n *\n * @returns {lunr.Index}\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.build = function () {\n this.calculateAverageFieldLengths()\n this.createFieldVectors()\n this.createTokenSet()\n\n return new lunr.Index({\n invertedIndex: this.invertedIndex,\n fieldVectors: this.fieldVectors,\n tokenSet: this.tokenSet,\n fields: Object.keys(this._fields),\n pipeline: this.searchPipeline\n })\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies a plugin to the index builder.\n *\n * A plugin is a function that is called with the index builder as its context.\n * Plugins can be used to customise or extend the behaviour of the index\n * in some way. A plugin is just a function, that encapsulated the custom\n * behaviour that should be applied when building the index.\n *\n * The plugin function will be called with the index builder as its argument, additional\n * arguments can also be passed when calling use. The function will be called\n * with the index builder as its context.\n *\n * @param {Function} plugin The plugin to apply.\n */\nlunr.Builder.prototype.use = function (fn) {\n var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)\n args.unshift(this)\n fn.apply(this, args)\n}\n/**\n * Contains and collects metadata about a matching document.\n * A single instance of lunr.MatchData is returned as part of every\n * lunr.Index~Result.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @param {string} term - The term this match data is associated with\n * @param {string} field - The field in which the term was found\n * @param {object} metadata - The metadata recorded about this term in this field\n * @property {object} metadata - A cloned collection of metadata associated with this document.\n * @see {@link lunr.Index~Result}\n */\nlunr.MatchData = function (term, field, metadata) {\n var clonedMetadata = Object.create(null),\n metadataKeys = Object.keys(metadata || {})\n\n // Cloning the metadata to prevent the original\n // being mutated during match data combination.\n // Metadata is kept in an array within the inverted\n // index so cloning the data can be done with\n // Array#slice\n for (var i = 0; i < metadataKeys.length; i++) {\n var key = metadataKeys[i]\n clonedMetadata[key] = metadata[key].slice()\n }\n\n this.metadata = Object.create(null)\n\n if (term !== undefined) {\n this.metadata[term] = Object.create(null)\n this.metadata[term][field] = clonedMetadata\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * An instance of lunr.MatchData will be created for every term that matches a\n * document. However only one instance is required in a lunr.Index~Result. This\n * method combines metadata from another instance of lunr.MatchData with this\n * objects metadata.\n *\n * @param {lunr.MatchData} otherMatchData - Another instance of match data to merge with this one.\n * @see {@link lunr.Index~Result}\n */\nlunr.MatchData.prototype.combine = function (otherMatchData) {\n var terms = Object.keys(otherMatchData.metadata)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < terms.length; i++) {\n var term = terms[i],\n fields = Object.keys(otherMatchData.metadata[term])\n\n if (this.metadata[term] == undefined) {\n this.metadata[term] = Object.create(null)\n }\n\n for (var j = 0; j < fields.length; j++) {\n var field = fields[j],\n keys = Object.keys(otherMatchData.metadata[term][field])\n\n if (this.metadata[term][field] == undefined) {\n this.metadata[term][field] = Object.create(null)\n }\n\n for (var k = 0; k < keys.length; k++) {\n var key = keys[k]\n\n if (this.metadata[term][field][key] == undefined) {\n this.metadata[term][field][key] = otherMatchData.metadata[term][field][key]\n } else {\n this.metadata[term][field][key] = this.metadata[term][field][key].concat(otherMatchData.metadata[term][field][key])\n }\n\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Add metadata for a term/field pair to this instance of match data.\n *\n * @param {string} term - The term this match data is associated with\n * @param {string} field - The field in which the term was found\n * @param {object} metadata - The metadata recorded about this term in this field\n */\nlunr.MatchData.prototype.add = function (term, field, metadata) {\n if (!(term in this.metadata)) {\n this.metadata[term] = Object.create(null)\n this.metadata[term][field] = metadata\n return\n }\n\n if (!(field in this.metadata[term])) {\n this.metadata[term][field] = metadata\n return\n }\n\n var metadataKeys = Object.keys(metadata)\n\n for (var i = 0; i < metadataKeys.length; i++) {\n var key = metadataKeys[i]\n\n if (key in this.metadata[term][field]) {\n this.metadata[term][field][key] = this.metadata[term][field][key].concat(metadata[key])\n } else {\n this.metadata[term][field][key] = metadata[key]\n }\n }\n}\n/**\n * A lunr.Query provides a programmatic way of defining queries to be performed\n * against a {@link lunr.Index}.\n *\n * Prefer constructing a lunr.Query using the {@link lunr.Index#query} method\n * so the query object is pre-initialized with the right index fields.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @property {lunr.Query~Clause[]} clauses - An array of query clauses.\n * @property {string[]} allFields - An array of all available fields in a lunr.Index.\n */\nlunr.Query = function (allFields) {\n this.clauses = []\n this.allFields = allFields\n}\n\n/**\n * Constants for indicating what kind of automatic wildcard insertion will be used when constructing a query clause.\n *\n * This allows wildcards to be added to the beginning and end of a term without having to manually do any string\n * concatenation.\n *\n * The wildcard constants can be bitwise combined to select both leading and trailing wildcards.\n *\n * @constant\n * @default\n * @property {number} wildcard.NONE - The term will have no wildcards inserted, this is the default behaviour\n * @property {number} wildcard.LEADING - Prepend the term with a wildcard, unless a leading wildcard already exists\n * @property {number} wildcard.TRAILING - Append a wildcard to the term, unless a trailing wildcard already exists\n * @see lunr.Query~Clause\n * @see lunr.Query#clause\n * @see lunr.Query#term\n * @example query term with trailing wildcard\n * query.term('foo', { wildcard: lunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING })\n * @example query term with leading and trailing wildcard\n * query.term('foo', {\n * wildcard: lunr.Query.wildcard.LEADING | lunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING\n * })\n */\n\nlunr.Query.wildcard = new String (\"*\")\nlunr.Query.wildcard.NONE = 0\nlunr.Query.wildcard.LEADING = 1\nlunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING = 2\n\n/**\n * Constants for indicating what kind of presence a term must have in matching documents.\n *\n * @constant\n * @enum {number}\n * @see lunr.Query~Clause\n * @see lunr.Query#clause\n * @see lunr.Query#term\n * @example query term with required presence\n * query.term('foo', { presence: lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED })\n */\nlunr.Query.presence = {\n /**\n * Term's presence in a document is optional, this is the default value.\n */\n OPTIONAL: 1,\n\n /**\n * Term's presence in a document is required, documents that do not contain\n * this term will not be returned.\n */\n REQUIRED: 2,\n\n /**\n * Term's presence in a document is prohibited, documents that do contain\n * this term will not be returned.\n */\n PROHIBITED: 3\n}\n\n/**\n * A single clause in a {@link lunr.Query} contains a term and details on how to\n * match that term against a {@link lunr.Index}.\n *\n * @typedef {Object} lunr.Query~Clause\n * @property {string[]} fields - The fields in an index this clause should be matched against.\n * @property {number} [boost=1] - Any boost that should be applied when matching this clause.\n * @property {number} [editDistance] - Whether the term should have fuzzy matching applied, and how fuzzy the match should be.\n * @property {boolean} [usePipeline] - Whether the term should be passed through the search pipeline.\n * @property {number} [wildcard=lunr.Query.wildcard.NONE] - Whether the term should have wildcards appended or prepended.\n * @property {number} [presence=lunr.Query.presence.OPTIONAL] - The terms presence in any matching documents.\n */\n\n/**\n * Adds a {@link lunr.Query~Clause} to this query.\n *\n * Unless the clause contains the fields to be matched all fields will be matched. In addition\n * a default boost of 1 is applied to the clause.\n *\n * @param {lunr.Query~Clause} clause - The clause to add to this query.\n * @see lunr.Query~Clause\n * @returns {lunr.Query}\n */\nlunr.Query.prototype.clause = function (clause) {\n if (!('fields' in clause)) {\n clause.fields = this.allFields\n }\n\n if (!('boost' in clause)) {\n clause.boost = 1\n }\n\n if (!('usePipeline' in clause)) {\n clause.usePipeline = true\n }\n\n if (!('wildcard' in clause)) {\n clause.wildcard = lunr.Query.wildcard.NONE\n }\n\n if ((clause.wildcard & lunr.Query.wildcard.LEADING) && (clause.term.charAt(0) != lunr.Query.wildcard)) {\n clause.term = \"*\" + clause.term\n }\n\n if ((clause.wildcard & lunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING) && (clause.term.slice(-1) != lunr.Query.wildcard)) {\n clause.term = \"\" + clause.term + \"*\"\n }\n\n if (!('presence' in clause)) {\n clause.presence = lunr.Query.presence.OPTIONAL\n }\n\n this.clauses.push(clause)\n\n return this\n}\n\n/**\n * A negated query is one in which every clause has a presence of\n * prohibited. These queries require some special processing to return\n * the expected results.\n *\n * @returns boolean\n */\nlunr.Query.prototype.isNegated = function () {\n for (var i = 0; i < this.clauses.length; i++) {\n if (this.clauses[i].presence != lunr.Query.presence.PROHIBITED) {\n return false\n }\n }\n\n return true\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds a term to the current query, under the covers this will create a {@link lunr.Query~Clause}\n * to the list of clauses that make up this query.\n *\n * The term is used as is, i.e. no tokenization will be performed by this method. Instead conversion\n * to a token or token-like string should be done before calling this method.\n *\n * The term will be converted to a string by calling `toString`. Multiple terms can be passed as an\n * array, each term in the array will share the same options.\n *\n * @param {object|object[]} term - The term(s) to add to the query.\n * @param {object} [options] - Any additional properties to add to the query clause.\n * @returns {lunr.Query}\n * @see lunr.Query#clause\n * @see lunr.Query~Clause\n * @example adding a single term to a query\n * query.term(\"foo\")\n * @example adding a single term to a query and specifying search fields, term boost and automatic trailing wildcard\n * query.term(\"foo\", {\n * fields: [\"title\"],\n * boost: 10,\n * wildcard: lunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING\n * })\n * @example using lunr.tokenizer to convert a string to tokens before using them as terms\n * query.term(lunr.tokenizer(\"foo bar\"))\n */\nlunr.Query.prototype.term = function (term, options) {\n if (Array.isArray(term)) {\n term.forEach(function (t) { this.term(t, lunr.utils.clone(options)) }, this)\n return this\n }\n\n var clause = options || {}\n clause.term = term.toString()\n\n this.clause(clause)\n\n return this\n}\nlunr.QueryParseError = function (message, start, end) {\n this.name = \"QueryParseError\"\n this.message = message\n this.start = start\n this.end = end\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParseError.prototype = new Error\nlunr.QueryLexer = function (str) {\n this.lexemes = []\n this.str = str\n this.length = str.length\n this.pos = 0\n this.start = 0\n this.escapeCharPositions = []\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.run = function () {\n var state = lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n\n while (state) {\n state = state(this)\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.sliceString = function () {\n var subSlices = [],\n sliceStart = this.start,\n sliceEnd = this.pos\n\n for (var i = 0; i < this.escapeCharPositions.length; i++) {\n sliceEnd = this.escapeCharPositions[i]\n subSlices.push(this.str.slice(sliceStart, sliceEnd))\n sliceStart = sliceEnd + 1\n }\n\n subSlices.push(this.str.slice(sliceStart, this.pos))\n this.escapeCharPositions.length = 0\n\n return subSlices.join('')\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.emit = function (type) {\n this.lexemes.push({\n type: type,\n str: this.sliceString(),\n start: this.start,\n end: this.pos\n })\n\n this.start = this.pos\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.escapeCharacter = function () {\n this.escapeCharPositions.push(this.pos - 1)\n this.pos += 1\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.next = function () {\n if (this.pos >= this.length) {\n return lunr.QueryLexer.EOS\n }\n\n var char = this.str.charAt(this.pos)\n this.pos += 1\n return char\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.width = function () {\n return this.pos - this.start\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.ignore = function () {\n if (this.start == this.pos) {\n this.pos += 1\n }\n\n this.start = this.pos\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.backup = function () {\n this.pos -= 1\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.acceptDigitRun = function () {\n var char, charCode\n\n do {\n char = this.next()\n charCode = char.charCodeAt(0)\n } while (charCode > 47 && charCode < 58)\n\n if (char != lunr.QueryLexer.EOS) {\n this.backup()\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.prototype.more = function () {\n return this.pos < this.length\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.EOS = 'EOS'\nlunr.QueryLexer.FIELD = 'FIELD'\nlunr.QueryLexer.TERM = 'TERM'\nlunr.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE = 'EDIT_DISTANCE'\nlunr.QueryLexer.BOOST = 'BOOST'\nlunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE = 'PRESENCE'\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.lexField = function (lexer) {\n lexer.backup()\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.FIELD)\n lexer.ignore()\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.lexTerm = function (lexer) {\n if (lexer.width() > 1) {\n lexer.backup()\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.TERM)\n }\n\n lexer.ignore()\n\n if (lexer.more()) {\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.lexEditDistance = function (lexer) {\n lexer.ignore()\n lexer.acceptDigitRun()\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE)\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.lexBoost = function (lexer) {\n lexer.ignore()\n lexer.acceptDigitRun()\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.BOOST)\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n}\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.lexEOS = function (lexer) {\n if (lexer.width() > 0) {\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.TERM)\n }\n}\n\n// This matches the separator used when tokenising fields\n// within a document. These should match otherwise it is\n// not possible to search for some tokens within a document.\n//\n// It is possible for the user to change the separator on the\n// tokenizer so it _might_ clash with any other of the special\n// characters already used within the search string, e.g. :.\n//\n// This means that it is possible to change the separator in\n// such a way that makes some words unsearchable using a search\n// string.\nlunr.QueryLexer.termSeparator = lunr.tokenizer.separator\n\nlunr.QueryLexer.lexText = function (lexer) {\n while (true) {\n var char = lexer.next()\n\n if (char == lunr.QueryLexer.EOS) {\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexEOS\n }\n\n // Escape character is '\\'\n if (char.charCodeAt(0) == 92) {\n lexer.escapeCharacter()\n continue\n }\n\n if (char == \":\") {\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexField\n }\n\n if (char == \"~\") {\n lexer.backup()\n if (lexer.width() > 0) {\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.TERM)\n }\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexEditDistance\n }\n\n if (char == \"^\") {\n lexer.backup()\n if (lexer.width() > 0) {\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.TERM)\n }\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexBoost\n }\n\n // \"+\" indicates term presence is required\n // checking for length to ensure that only\n // leading \"+\" are considered\n if (char == \"+\" && lexer.width() === 1) {\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE)\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n }\n\n // \"-\" indicates term presence is prohibited\n // checking for length to ensure that only\n // leading \"-\" are considered\n if (char == \"-\" && lexer.width() === 1) {\n lexer.emit(lunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE)\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexText\n }\n\n if (char.match(lunr.QueryLexer.termSeparator)) {\n return lunr.QueryLexer.lexTerm\n }\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser = function (str, query) {\n this.lexer = new lunr.QueryLexer (str)\n this.query = query\n this.currentClause = {}\n this.lexemeIdx = 0\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.prototype.parse = function () {\n this.lexer.run()\n this.lexemes = this.lexer.lexemes\n\n var state = lunr.QueryParser.parseClause\n\n while (state) {\n state = state(this)\n }\n\n return this.query\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.prototype.peekLexeme = function () {\n return this.lexemes[this.lexemeIdx]\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.prototype.consumeLexeme = function () {\n var lexeme = this.peekLexeme()\n this.lexemeIdx += 1\n return lexeme\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.prototype.nextClause = function () {\n var completedClause = this.currentClause\n this.query.clause(completedClause)\n this.currentClause = {}\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.parseClause = function (parser) {\n var lexeme = parser.peekLexeme()\n\n if (lexeme == undefined) {\n return\n }\n\n switch (lexeme.type) {\n case lunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parsePresence\n case lunr.QueryLexer.FIELD:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseField\n case lunr.QueryLexer.TERM:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseTerm\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"expected either a field or a term, found \" + lexeme.type\n\n if (lexeme.str.length >= 1) {\n errorMessage += \" with value '\" + lexeme.str + \"'\"\n }\n\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.parsePresence = function (parser) {\n var lexeme = parser.consumeLexeme()\n\n if (lexeme == undefined) {\n return\n }\n\n switch (lexeme.str) {\n case \"-\":\n parser.currentClause.presence = lunr.Query.presence.PROHIBITED\n break\n case \"+\":\n parser.currentClause.presence = lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED\n break\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"unrecognised presence operator'\" + lexeme.str + \"'\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n\n var nextLexeme = parser.peekLexeme()\n\n if (nextLexeme == undefined) {\n var errorMessage = \"expecting term or field, found nothing\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n\n switch (nextLexeme.type) {\n case lunr.QueryLexer.FIELD:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseField\n case lunr.QueryLexer.TERM:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseTerm\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"expecting term or field, found '\" + nextLexeme.type + \"'\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, nextLexeme.start, nextLexeme.end)\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.parseField = function (parser) {\n var lexeme = parser.consumeLexeme()\n\n if (lexeme == undefined) {\n return\n }\n\n if (parser.query.allFields.indexOf(lexeme.str) == -1) {\n var possibleFields = parser.query.allFields.map(function (f) { return \"'\" + f + \"'\" }).join(', '),\n errorMessage = \"unrecognised field '\" + lexeme.str + \"', possible fields: \" + possibleFields\n\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n\n parser.currentClause.fields = [lexeme.str]\n\n var nextLexeme = parser.peekLexeme()\n\n if (nextLexeme == undefined) {\n var errorMessage = \"expecting term, found nothing\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n\n switch (nextLexeme.type) {\n case lunr.QueryLexer.TERM:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseTerm\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"expecting term, found '\" + nextLexeme.type + \"'\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, nextLexeme.start, nextLexeme.end)\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.parseTerm = function (parser) {\n var lexeme = parser.consumeLexeme()\n\n if (lexeme == undefined) {\n return\n }\n\n parser.currentClause.term = lexeme.str.toLowerCase()\n\n if (lexeme.str.indexOf(\"*\") != -1) {\n parser.currentClause.usePipeline = false\n }\n\n var nextLexeme = parser.peekLexeme()\n\n if (nextLexeme == undefined) {\n parser.nextClause()\n return\n }\n\n switch (nextLexeme.type) {\n case lunr.QueryLexer.TERM:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseTerm\n case lunr.QueryLexer.FIELD:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseField\n case lunr.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseEditDistance\n case lunr.QueryLexer.BOOST:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseBoost\n case lunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parsePresence\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"Unexpected lexeme type '\" + nextLexeme.type + \"'\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, nextLexeme.start, nextLexeme.end)\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.parseEditDistance = function (parser) {\n var lexeme = parser.consumeLexeme()\n\n if (lexeme == undefined) {\n return\n }\n\n var editDistance = parseInt(lexeme.str, 10)\n\n if (isNaN(editDistance)) {\n var errorMessage = \"edit distance must be numeric\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n\n parser.currentClause.editDistance = editDistance\n\n var nextLexeme = parser.peekLexeme()\n\n if (nextLexeme == undefined) {\n parser.nextClause()\n return\n }\n\n switch (nextLexeme.type) {\n case lunr.QueryLexer.TERM:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseTerm\n case lunr.QueryLexer.FIELD:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseField\n case lunr.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseEditDistance\n case lunr.QueryLexer.BOOST:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseBoost\n case lunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parsePresence\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"Unexpected lexeme type '\" + nextLexeme.type + \"'\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, nextLexeme.start, nextLexeme.end)\n }\n}\n\nlunr.QueryParser.parseBoost = function (parser) {\n var lexeme = parser.consumeLexeme()\n\n if (lexeme == undefined) {\n return\n }\n\n var boost = parseInt(lexeme.str, 10)\n\n if (isNaN(boost)) {\n var errorMessage = \"boost must be numeric\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, lexeme.start, lexeme.end)\n }\n\n parser.currentClause.boost = boost\n\n var nextLexeme = parser.peekLexeme()\n\n if (nextLexeme == undefined) {\n parser.nextClause()\n return\n }\n\n switch (nextLexeme.type) {\n case lunr.QueryLexer.TERM:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseTerm\n case lunr.QueryLexer.FIELD:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseField\n case lunr.QueryLexer.EDIT_DISTANCE:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseEditDistance\n case lunr.QueryLexer.BOOST:\n return lunr.QueryParser.parseBoost\n case lunr.QueryLexer.PRESENCE:\n parser.nextClause()\n return lunr.QueryParser.parsePresence\n default:\n var errorMessage = \"Unexpected lexeme type '\" + nextLexeme.type + \"'\"\n throw new lunr.QueryParseError (errorMessage, nextLexeme.start, nextLexeme.end)\n }\n}\n\n /**\n * export the module via AMD, CommonJS or as a browser global\n * Export code from https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js\n */\n ;(function (root, factory) {\n if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.\n define(factory)\n } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n /**\n * Node. Does not work with strict CommonJS, but\n * only CommonJS-like enviroments that support module.exports,\n * like Node.\n */\n module.exports = factory()\n } else {\n // Browser globals (root is window)\n root.lunr = factory()\n }\n }(this, function () {\n /**\n * Just return a value to define the module export.\n * This example returns an object, but the module\n * can return a function as the exported value.\n */\n return lunr\n }))\n})();\n", "/*!\n * escape-html\n * Copyright(c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk\n * Copyright(c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe\n * Copyright(c) 2015 Tiancheng \"Timothy\" Gu\n * MIT Licensed\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Module variables.\n * @private\n */\n\nvar matchHtmlRegExp = /[\"'&<>]/;\n\n/**\n * Module exports.\n * @public\n */\n\nmodule.exports = escapeHtml;\n\n/**\n * Escape special characters in the given string of html.\n *\n * @param {string} string The string to escape for inserting into HTML\n * @return {string}\n * @public\n */\n\nfunction escapeHtml(string) {\n var str = '' + string;\n var match = matchHtmlRegExp.exec(str);\n\n if (!match) {\n return str;\n }\n\n var escape;\n var html = '';\n var index = 0;\n var lastIndex = 0;\n\n for (index = match.index; index < str.length; index++) {\n switch (str.charCodeAt(index)) {\n case 34: // \"\n escape = '"';\n break;\n case 38: // &\n escape = '&';\n break;\n case 39: // '\n escape = ''';\n break;\n case 60: // <\n escape = '<';\n break;\n case 62: // >\n escape = '>';\n break;\n default:\n continue;\n }\n\n if (lastIndex !== index) {\n html += str.substring(lastIndex, index);\n }\n\n lastIndex = index + 1;\n html += escape;\n }\n\n return lastIndex !== index\n ? html + str.substring(lastIndex, index)\n : html;\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A RTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport lunr from \"lunr\"\n\nimport \"~/polyfills\"\n\nimport { Search, SearchIndexConfig } from \"../../_\"\nimport {\n SearchMessage,\n SearchMessageType\n} from \"../message\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Add support for usage with `iframe-worker` polyfill\n *\n * While `importScripts` is synchronous when executed inside of a web worker,\n * it's not possible to provide a synchronous polyfilled implementation. The\n * cool thing is that awaiting a non-Promise is a noop, so extending the type\n * definition to return a `Promise` shouldn't break anything.\n *\n * @see https://bit.ly/2PjDnXi - GitHub comment\n */\ndeclare global {\n function importScripts(...urls: string[]): Promise | void\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Data\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search index\n */\nlet index: Search\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Helper functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch (= import) multi-language support through `lunr-languages`\n *\n * This function automatically imports the stemmers necessary to process the\n * languages, which are defined through the search index configuration.\n *\n * If the worker runs inside of an `iframe` (when using `iframe-worker` as\n * a shim), the base URL for the stemmers to be loaded must be determined by\n * searching for the first `script` element with a `src` attribute, which will\n * contain the contents of this script.\n *\n * @param config - Search index configuration\n *\n * @returns Promise resolving with no result\n */\nasync function setupSearchLanguages(\n config: SearchIndexConfig\n): Promise {\n let base = \"../lunr\"\n\n /* Detect `iframe-worker` and fix base URL */\n if (typeof parent !== \"undefined\" && \"IFrameWorker\" in parent) {\n const worker = document.querySelector(\"script[src]\")!\n const [path] = worker.src.split(\"/worker\")\n\n /* Prefix base with path */\n base = base.replace(\"..\", path)\n }\n\n /* Add scripts for languages */\n const scripts = []\n for (const lang of config.lang) {\n switch (lang) {\n\n /* Add segmenter for Japanese */\n case \"ja\":\n scripts.push(`${base}/tinyseg.js`)\n break\n\n /* Add segmenter for Hindi and Thai */\n case \"hi\":\n case \"th\":\n scripts.push(`${base}/wordcut.js`)\n break\n }\n\n /* Add language support */\n if (lang !== \"en\")\n scripts.push(`${base}/min/lunr.${lang}.min.js`)\n }\n\n /* Add multi-language support */\n if (config.lang.length > 1)\n scripts.push(`${base}/min/lunr.multi.min.js`)\n\n /* Load scripts synchronously */\n if (scripts.length)\n await importScripts(\n `${base}/min/lunr.stemmer.support.min.js`,\n ...scripts\n )\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Message handler\n *\n * @param message - Source message\n *\n * @returns Target message\n */\nexport async function handler(\n message: SearchMessage\n): Promise {\n switch (message.type) {\n\n /* Search setup message */\n case SearchMessageType.SETUP:\n await setupSearchLanguages(message.data.config)\n index = new Search(message.data)\n return {\n type: SearchMessageType.READY\n }\n\n /* Search query message */\n case SearchMessageType.QUERY:\n return {\n type: SearchMessageType.RESULT,\n data: index ? index.search(message.data) : { items: [] }\n }\n\n /* All other messages */\n default:\n throw new TypeError(\"Invalid message type\")\n }\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Worker\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* @ts-expect-error - expose Lunr.js in global scope, or stemmers won't work */\nself.lunr = lunr\n\n/* Handle messages */\naddEventListener(\"message\", async ev => {\n postMessage(await handler(ev.data))\n})\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Polyfills\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* Polyfill `Object.entries` */\nif (!Object.entries)\n Object.entries = function (obj: object) {\n const data: [string, string][] = []\n for (const key of Object.keys(obj))\n // @ts-expect-error - ignore property access warning\n data.push([key, obj[key]])\n\n /* Return entries */\n return data\n }\n\n/* Polyfill `Object.values` */\nif (!Object.values)\n Object.values = function (obj: object) {\n const data: string[] = []\n for (const key of Object.keys(obj))\n // @ts-expect-error - ignore property access warning\n data.push(obj[key])\n\n /* Return values */\n return data\n }\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* Polyfills for `Element` */\nif (typeof Element !== \"undefined\") {\n\n /* Polyfill `Element.scrollTo` */\n if (!Element.prototype.scrollTo)\n Element.prototype.scrollTo = function (\n x?: ScrollToOptions | number, y?: number\n ): void {\n if (typeof x === \"object\") {\n this.scrollLeft = x.left!\n this.scrollTop = x.top!\n } else {\n this.scrollLeft = x!\n this.scrollTop = y!\n }\n }\n\n /* Polyfill `Element.replaceWith` */\n if (!Element.prototype.replaceWith)\n Element.prototype.replaceWith = function (\n ...nodes: Array\n ): void {\n const parent = this.parentNode\n if (parent) {\n if (nodes.length === 0)\n parent.removeChild(this)\n\n /* Replace children and create text nodes */\n for (let i = nodes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n let node = nodes[i]\n if (typeof node === \"string\")\n node = document.createTextNode(node)\n else if (node.parentNode)\n node.parentNode.removeChild(node)\n\n /* Replace child or insert before previous sibling */\n if (!i)\n parent.replaceChild(node, this)\n else\n parent.insertBefore(this.previousSibling!, node)\n }\n }\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport escapeHTML from \"escape-html\"\n\nimport { SearchIndexDocument } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search document\n */\nexport interface SearchDocument extends SearchIndexDocument {\n parent?: SearchIndexDocument /* Parent article */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search document mapping\n */\nexport type SearchDocumentMap = Map\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Create a search document mapping\n *\n * @param docs - Search index documents\n *\n * @returns Search document map\n */\nexport function setupSearchDocumentMap(\n docs: SearchIndexDocument[]\n): SearchDocumentMap {\n const documents = new Map()\n const parents = new Set()\n for (const doc of docs) {\n const [path, hash] = doc.location.split(\"#\")\n\n /* Extract location, title and tags */\n const location = doc.location\n const title = doc.title\n const tags = doc.tags\n\n /* Escape and cleanup text */\n const text = escapeHTML(doc.text)\n .replace(/\\s+(?=[,.:;!?])/g, \"\")\n .replace(/\\s+/g, \" \")\n\n /* Handle section */\n if (hash) {\n const parent = documents.get(path)!\n\n /* Ignore first section, override article */\n if (!parents.has(parent)) {\n parent.title = doc.title\n parent.text = text\n\n /* Remember that we processed the article */\n parents.add(parent)\n\n /* Add subsequent section */\n } else {\n documents.set(location, {\n location,\n title,\n text,\n parent\n })\n }\n\n /* Add article */\n } else {\n documents.set(location, {\n location,\n title,\n text,\n ...tags && { tags }\n })\n }\n }\n return documents\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport escapeHTML from \"escape-html\"\n\nimport { SearchIndexConfig } from \"../_\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search highlight function\n *\n * @param value - Value\n *\n * @returns Highlighted value\n */\nexport type SearchHighlightFn = (value: string) => string\n\n/**\n * Search highlight factory function\n *\n * @param query - Query value\n *\n * @returns Search highlight function\n */\nexport type SearchHighlightFactoryFn = (query: string) => SearchHighlightFn\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Create a search highlighter\n *\n * @param config - Search index configuration\n * @param escape - Whether to escape HTML\n *\n * @returns Search highlight factory function\n */\nexport function setupSearchHighlighter(\n config: SearchIndexConfig, escape: boolean\n): SearchHighlightFactoryFn {\n const separator = new RegExp(config.separator, \"img\")\n const highlight = (_: unknown, data: string, term: string) => {\n return `${data}${term}`\n }\n\n /* Return factory function */\n return (query: string) => {\n query = query\n .replace(/[\\s*+\\-:~^]+/g, \" \")\n .trim()\n\n /* Create search term match expression */\n const match = new RegExp(`(^|${config.separator})(${\n query\n .replace(/[|\\\\{}()[\\]^$+*?.-]/g, \"\\\\$&\")\n .replace(separator, \"|\")\n })`, \"img\")\n\n /* Highlight string value */\n return value => (\n escape\n ? escapeHTML(value)\n : value\n )\n .replace(match, highlight)\n .replace(/<\\/mark>(\\s+)]*>/img, \"$1\")\n }\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search query clause\n */\nexport interface SearchQueryClause {\n presence: lunr.Query.presence /* Clause presence */\n term: string /* Clause term */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search query terms\n */\nexport type SearchQueryTerms = Record\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Parse a search query for analysis\n *\n * @param value - Query value\n *\n * @returns Search query clauses\n */\nexport function parseSearchQuery(\n value: string\n): SearchQueryClause[] {\n const query = new (lunr as any).Query([\"title\", \"text\"])\n const parser = new (lunr as any).QueryParser(value, query)\n\n /* Parse and return query clauses */\n parser.parse()\n return query.clauses\n}\n\n/**\n * Analyze the search query clauses in regard to the search terms found\n *\n * @param query - Search query clauses\n * @param terms - Search terms\n *\n * @returns Search query terms\n */\nexport function getSearchQueryTerms(\n query: SearchQueryClause[], terms: string[]\n): SearchQueryTerms {\n const clauses = new Set(query)\n\n /* Match query clauses against terms */\n const result: SearchQueryTerms = {}\n for (let t = 0; t < terms.length; t++)\n for (const clause of clauses)\n if (terms[t].startsWith(clause.term)) {\n result[clause.term] = true\n clauses.delete(clause)\n }\n\n /* Annotate unmatched non-stopword query clauses */\n for (const clause of clauses)\n if (lunr.stopWordFilter?.(clause.term as any))\n result[clause.term] = false\n\n /* Return query terms */\n return result\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2022 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport {\n SearchDocument,\n SearchDocumentMap,\n setupSearchDocumentMap\n} from \"../document\"\nimport {\n SearchHighlightFactoryFn,\n setupSearchHighlighter\n} from \"../highlighter\"\nimport { SearchOptions } from \"../options\"\nimport {\n SearchQueryTerms,\n getSearchQueryTerms,\n parseSearchQuery\n} from \"../query\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Types\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search index configuration\n */\nexport interface SearchIndexConfig {\n lang: string[] /* Search languages */\n separator: string /* Search separator */\n}\n\n/**\n * Search index document\n */\nexport interface SearchIndexDocument {\n location: string /* Document location */\n title: string /* Document title */\n text: string /* Document text */\n tags?: string[] /* Document tags */\n boost?: number /* Document boost */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search index\n *\n * This interfaces describes the format of the `search_index.json` file which\n * is automatically built by the MkDocs search plugin.\n */\nexport interface SearchIndex {\n config: SearchIndexConfig /* Search index configuration */\n docs: SearchIndexDocument[] /* Search index documents */\n options: SearchOptions /* Search options */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search metadata\n */\nexport interface SearchMetadata {\n score: number /* Score (relevance) */\n terms: SearchQueryTerms /* Search query terms */\n}\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search result document\n */\nexport type SearchResultDocument = SearchDocument & SearchMetadata\n\n/**\n * Search result item\n */\nexport type SearchResultItem = SearchResultDocument[]\n\n/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search result\n */\nexport interface SearchResult {\n items: SearchResultItem[] /* Search result items */\n suggestions?: string[] /* Search suggestions */\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Compute the difference of two lists of strings\n *\n * @param a - 1st list of strings\n * @param b - 2nd list of strings\n *\n * @returns Difference\n */\nfunction difference(a: string[], b: string[]): string[] {\n const [x, y] = [new Set(a), new Set(b)]\n return [\n ...new Set([...x].filter(value => !y.has(value)))\n ]\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Class\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Search index\n */\nexport class Search {\n\n /**\n * Search document mapping\n *\n * A mapping of URLs (including hash fragments) to the actual articles and\n * sections of the documentation. The search document mapping must be created\n * regardless of whether the index was prebuilt or not, as Lunr.js itself\n * only stores the actual index.\n */\n protected documents: SearchDocumentMap\n\n /**\n * Search highlight factory function\n */\n protected highlight: SearchHighlightFactoryFn\n\n /**\n * The underlying Lunr.js search index\n */\n protected index: lunr.Index\n\n /**\n * Search options\n */\n protected options: SearchOptions\n\n /**\n * Create the search integration\n *\n * @param data - Search index\n */\n public constructor({ config, docs, options }: SearchIndex) {\n this.options = options\n\n /* Set up document map and highlighter factory */\n this.documents = setupSearchDocumentMap(docs)\n this.highlight = setupSearchHighlighter(config, false)\n\n /* Set separator for tokenizer */\n lunr.tokenizer.separator = new RegExp(config.separator)\n\n /* Create search index */\n this.index = lunr(function () {\n\n /* Set up multi-language support */\n if (config.lang.length === 1 && config.lang[0] !== \"en\") {\n this.use((lunr as any)[config.lang[0]])\n } else if (config.lang.length > 1) {\n this.use((lunr as any).multiLanguage(...config.lang))\n }\n\n /* Compute functions to be removed from the pipeline */\n const fns = difference([\n \"trimmer\", \"stopWordFilter\", \"stemmer\"\n ], options.pipeline)\n\n /* Remove functions from the pipeline for registered languages */\n for (const lang of config.lang.map(language => (\n language === \"en\" ? lunr : (lunr as any)[language]\n ))) {\n for (const fn of fns) {\n this.pipeline.remove(lang[fn])\n this.searchPipeline.remove(lang[fn])\n }\n }\n\n /* Set up reference */\n this.ref(\"location\")\n\n /* Set up fields */\n this.field(\"title\", { boost: 1e3 })\n this.field(\"text\")\n this.field(\"tags\", { boost: 1e6, extractor: doc => {\n const { tags = [] } = doc as SearchDocument\n return tags.reduce((list, tag) => [\n ...list,\n ...lunr.tokenizer(tag)\n ], [] as lunr.Token[])\n } })\n\n /* Index documents */\n for (const doc of docs)\n this.add(doc, { boost: doc.boost })\n })\n }\n\n /**\n * Search for matching documents\n *\n * The search index which MkDocs provides is divided up into articles, which\n * contain the whole content of the individual pages, and sections, which only\n * contain the contents of the subsections obtained by breaking the individual\n * pages up at `h1` ... `h6`. As there may be many sections on different pages\n * with identical titles (for example within this very project, e.g. \"Usage\"\n * or \"Installation\"), they need to be put into the context of the containing\n * page. For this reason, section results are grouped within their respective\n * articles which are the top-level results that are returned.\n *\n * @param query - Query value\n *\n * @returns Search results\n */\n public search(query: string): SearchResult {\n if (query) {\n try {\n const highlight = this.highlight(query)\n\n /* Parse query to extract clauses for analysis */\n const clauses = parseSearchQuery(query)\n .filter(clause => (\n clause.presence !== lunr.Query.presence.PROHIBITED\n ))\n\n /* Perform search and post-process results */\n const groups = this.index.search(`${query}*`)\n\n /* Apply post-query boosts based on title and search query terms */\n .reduce((item, { ref, score, matchData }) => {\n const document = this.documents.get(ref)\n if (typeof document !== \"undefined\") {\n const { location, title, text, tags, parent } = document\n\n /* Compute and analyze search query terms */\n const terms = getSearchQueryTerms(\n clauses,\n Object.keys(matchData.metadata)\n )\n\n /* Highlight title and text and apply post-query boosts */\n const boost = +!parent + +Object.values(terms).every(t => t)\n item.push({\n location,\n title: highlight(title),\n text: highlight(text),\n ...tags && { tags: tags.map(highlight) },\n score: score * (1 + boost),\n terms\n })\n }\n return item\n }, [])\n\n /* Sort search results again after applying boosts */\n .sort((a, b) => b.score - a.score)\n\n /* Group search results by page */\n .reduce((items, result) => {\n const document = this.documents.get(result.location)\n if (typeof document !== \"undefined\") {\n const ref = \"parent\" in document\n ? document.parent!.location\n : document.location\n items.set(ref, [...items.get(ref) || [], result])\n }\n return items\n }, new Map())\n\n /* Generate search suggestions, if desired */\n let suggestions: string[] | undefined\n if (this.options.suggestions) {\n const titles = this.index.query(builder => {\n for (const clause of clauses)\n builder.term(clause.term, {\n fields: [\"title\"],\n presence: lunr.Query.presence.REQUIRED,\n wildcard: lunr.Query.wildcard.TRAILING\n })\n })\n\n /* Retrieve suggestions for best match */\n suggestions = titles.length\n ? Object.keys(titles[0].matchData.metadata)\n : []\n }\n\n /* Return items and suggestions */\n return {\n items: [...groups.values()],\n ...typeof suggestions !== \"undefined\" && { suggestions }\n }\n\n /* Log errors to console (for now) */\n } catch {\n console.warn(`Invalid query: ${query} \u2013 see https://bit.ly/2s3ChXG`)\n }\n }\n\n /* Return nothing in case of error or empty query */\n return { items: [] }\n }\n}\n"], + "mappings": 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/code/READM.html b/docs/code/READM.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..464e02e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/code/READM.html @@ -0,0 +1,713 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 目录 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
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    目录

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    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/code/arbitrum/rollup.html b/docs/code/arbitrum/rollup.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83962ed --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/code/arbitrum/rollup.html @@ -0,0 +1,1077 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第三章：Arbitrum 的 Nitro 项目 Rollup 细节深入 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
    +
    + +
    + + + + +
    + + +
    + +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + +

    Arbitrum 的 Nitro 项目 Rollup 细节深入

    +

    关于 rollup 向一层提交交易的我们上面文章已经由提到，此处主要主要剖析 rollup 合约，rollup watcher 和欺诈证明之间的交互和细节的逻辑整理。

    +

    一. validator 各子模块代码解析

    +
      +
    • block_challenge_backend 和 challenge_manager 区块挑战相关的代码
      • +
    • block_validator：区块验证逻辑，这里是衔接 arbnode 和 geth 的区块验证模块
      • +
    • rollup_watcher：rollup 合约交易事件的观察者
      • +
    +

    二. 2. Rollup 细节

    +

    汇总协议跟踪汇总块链——为了清楚起见，我们将这些称为“RBlocks”。它们与第 1 层以太坊区块不同，也与第 2 层 Nitro 区块不同。您可以将 RBlocks 视为形成一个单独的链，由 Arbitrum 汇总协议管理和监督。

    +

    关于汇总块链相关的解释请参考：nitro/inside-arbitrum-nitro.md at master · OffchainLabs/nitro

    +

    rollup_watcher 会去监听 rollup 相关的事件，监听的事件如下：

    +
    var rollupInitializedID common.Hash
+var nodeCreatedID common.Hash
+var challengeCreatedID common.Hash
+
    +

    这些事件分别由 LookupCreation LookupNode LookupNodeChildren 和 LookupChallengedNode 等方法处理，L1Validator 将这些调用这里面的方法获取相关的合约事件信息验证。

    +

    RollupNode 定义

    +
     struct Node {
+    // Hash of the state of the chain as of this node
+    bytes32 stateHash;
+    // Hash of the data that can be challenged
+    bytes32 challengeHash;
+    // Hash of the data that will be committed if this node is confirmed
+    bytes32 confirmData;
+    // Index of the node previous to this one
+    uint64 prevNum;
+    // Deadline at which this node can be confirmed
+    uint64 deadlineBlock;
+    // Deadline at which a child of this node can be confirmed
+    uint64 noChildConfirmedBeforeBlock;
+    // Number of stakers staked on this node. This includes real stakers and zombies
+    uint64 stakerCount;
+    // Number of stakers staked on a child node. This includes real stakers and zombies
+    uint64 childStakerCount;
+    // This value starts at zero and is set to a value when the first child is created. After that it is constant until the node is destroyed or the owner destroys pending nodes
+    uint64 firstChildBlock;
+    // The number of the latest child of this node to be created
+    uint64 latestChildNumber;
+    // The block number when this node was created
+    uint64 createdAtBlock;
+    // A hash of all the data needed to determine this node's validity, to protect against reorgs
+    bytes32 nodeHash;
+}
+
    +

    参加 rollup 的角色：分别由 WatchtowerStrategy，DefensiveStrategy， StakeLatestStrategy 和 MakeNodesStrategy +代码定义如下，该代码位于 staker.go 里面：

    +
    const (
+   // Watchtower: don't do anything on L1, but log if there's a bad assertion
+   WatchtowerStrategy StakerStrategy = iota
+   // Defensive: stake if there's a bad assertion
+   DefensiveStrategy
+   // Stake latest: stay staked on the latest node, challenging bad assertions
+   StakeLatestStrategy
+   // Make nodes: continually create new nodes, challenging bad assertions
+   MakeNodesStrategy
+)
+
    +
      +
    • Staker start 任务启动之后，先会去更新认证区块的 wasm moudle root, 函数调用如下
      • +
    +
    err := s.updateBlockValidatorModuleRoot(ctx)
+
    +

    updateBlockValidatorModuleRoot 里面会去从 rollup 的中取到 WasmModuleRoot 更新到 blockValidator 里面， 当然 l1 validator 初始化的时候也会去更新相应的 WasmModuleRoot，并把 WasmModuleRoot 设置成 blockValidator 当前的 ModuleRoot，以供验证使用。

    +
      +
    • 获取到 callOpts 的信息，供下面的函数调用，该信息包含
      • +
    +
    type CallOpts struct {
+   Pending     bool            // Whether to operate on the pending state or the last known one
+   From        common.Address  // Optional the sender address, otherwise the first account is used
+   BlockNumber *big.Int        // Optional the block number on which the call should be performed
+   Context     context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
    +
      +
    • 清除构建的交易
      • +
    +
    func (b *ValidatorTxBuilder) ClearTransactions() {
+   b.transactions = nil
+}
+
    +
      +
    • 从 rollup 的 StakerMap 里面获取最新质押者的信息，包含挑战的信息
      • +
    • 从 validatorUtils 中拿到最新的质押数据信息，调用的合约函数如下：
      • +
    +
    function latestStaked(IRollupCore rollup, address staker)
+    external
+    view
+    returns (uint64, Node memory)
+{
+    uint64 num = rollup.latestStakedNode(staker);
+    if (num == 0) {
+        num = rollup.latestConfirmed();
+    }
+    Node memory node = rollup.getNode(num);
+    return (num, node);
+}
+
    +
      +
    • 判断 Rblocks 是否分叉，validatorUtils.AreUnresolvedNodesLinear -> _ValidatorUtils.contract.Call(opts, &out, "areUnresolvedNodesLinear", rollup)最终调用到这个合约函数进行判断
      • +
    +
    function areUnresolvedNodesLinear(IRollupCore rollup) external view returns (bool) {
+    uint256 end = rollup.latestNodeCreated();
+    for (uint64 i = rollup.firstUnresolvedNode(); i <= end; i++) {
+        if (i > 0 && rollup.getNode(i).prevNum != i - 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
    +
      +
    • 如果发生了分叉，effectiveStrategy将由 DefensiveStrategy 切换成 StakeLatestStrategy，否则将按照 WatchtowerStrategy 往下执行 +代码如下：
      • +
    +
    nodesLinear, err := s.validatorUtils.AreUnresolvedNodesLinear(callOpts, s.rollupAddress)
+if err != nil {
+   return nil, err
+}
+if !nodesLinear {
+   log.Warn("rollup assertion fork detected")
+   if effectiveStrategy == DefensiveStrategy {
+      effectiveStrategy = StakeLatestStrategy
+   }
+   s.inactiveLastCheckedNode = nil
+}
+
    +

    s.bringActiveUntilNode 存储并且 info.LatestStakedNode < s.bringActiveUntilNode, effectiveStrategy 会由 DefensiveStrategy 切换到 StakeLatestStrategy

    +
      +
    • 获取 rollup 链最新确认的节点，调用栈 s.rollup.LatestConfirmed(callOpts)->latestConfirmed, 合约函数细节如下：
      • +
    +
    /// @return Index of the latest confirmed node
+function latestConfirmed() public view override returns (uint64) {
+    return _latestConfirmed;
+}
+
    +
      +
    • 判断是否需要做质押提升, isRequiredStakeElevated获取CurrentRequiredStake, 和 baseStake 判定是否要做质押提升，(获取现在的 stake, 最终进入 currentRequiredStake 函数， baseStake 进入合约处理逻辑)
      • +
    • effectiveStrategy 为 MakeNodesStrategy 策略，或者 effectiveStrategy 为 StakeLatestStrategy 并且 rawInfo(staker 的信息为 nil) 并且需要提升质押的情况，会去处理以下这些逻辑
      • +
    • 处理超时的挑战 resolveTimedOutChallenges, 进入处理挑战的细节，下面的内容会说到
      • +
    • 处理 unresolve 节点， unresolve 处理逻辑：处理节点的类别有三种，代码如下：
      • +
    +
    const (
+   CONFIRM_TYPE_NONE ConfirmType = iota
+   CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID
+   CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID
+)
+
    +

    处理逻辑是先去获取 confirmType 和 unresolvedNodeIndex，分别调用 ValidatorUtils 里面的 checkDecidableNextNode 函数和 rollup 的 firstUnresolvedNode，如果是 CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID 类别的，直接拒绝下一个节点，如果是 CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID，查找并确认下一个节点。核心逻辑代码如下

    +
    func (v *L1Validator) resolveNextNode(ctx context.Context, info *StakerInfo, latestConfirmedNode *uint64) (bool, error) {
+   callOpts := v.getCallOpts(ctx)
+   confirmType, err := v.validatorUtils.CheckDecidableNextNode(callOpts, v.rollupAddress)
+   if err != nil {
+      return false, err
+   }
+   unresolvedNodeIndex, err := v.rollup.FirstUnresolvedNode(callOpts)
+   if err != nil {
+      return false, err
+   }
+   switch ConfirmType(confirmType) {
+   case CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID:
+      addr := v.wallet.Address()
+      if info == nil || addr == nil || info.LatestStakedNode <= unresolvedNodeIndex {
+         // We aren't an example of someone staked on a competitor
+         return false, nil
+      }
+      log.Info("rejecing node", "node", unresolvedNodeIndex)
+      _, err = v.rollup.RejectNextNode(v.builder.Auth(ctx), *addr)
+      return true, err
+   case CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID:
+      nodeInfo, err := v.rollup.LookupNode(ctx, unresolvedNodeIndex)
+      if err != nil {
+         return false, err
+      }
+      afterGs := nodeInfo.AfterState().GlobalState
+      _, err = v.rollup.ConfirmNextNode(v.builder.Auth(ctx), afterGs.BlockHash, afterGs.SendRoot)
+      if err != nil {
+         return false, err
+      }
+      *latestConfirmedNode = unresolvedNodeIndex
+      return true, nil
+   default:
+      return false, nil
+   }
+}
+
    +
      +
    • 若 stakeInfo 的不为 nil, 并且最新节点 stake 节点小于最新确认节点，effectiveStrategy 为 WatchtowerStrategy 和 DefensiveStrategy，退还当前在最新确认节点上或之前质押的质押者的质押币，从汇总链中提取发件人拥有的未承诺资金, 调用方法为 s.rollup.ReturnOldDeposit 和 s.rollup.WithdrawStakerFunds，最好执行交易 ExecuteTransactions
      • +
    • walletAddressOrZero != (common.Address{})条件下继续做自己取回处理
      • +
    • 接下来是解决冲突 handleConflict, 条件满足的情况下回去创建挑战，然后进入挑战细节
      • +
    • rawInfo != nil || !resolvingNode || !requiredStakeElevated, 提升质押， +提升质押的细节逻辑
      • +
    +
    func (s *Staker) advanceStake(ctx context.Context, info *OurStakerInfo, effectiveStrategy StakerStrategy) error {
+   active := effectiveStrategy >= StakeLatestStrategy
+   action, wrongNodesExist, err := s.generateNodeAction(ctx, info, effectiveStrategy, s.config.MakeAssertionInterval)
+   if err != nil {
+      return err
+   }
+   if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy == WatchtowerStrategy {
+      log.Error("found incorrect assertion in watchtower mode")
+   }
+   if action == nil {
+      info.CanProgress = false
+      return nil
+   }
+
+   switch action := action.(type) {
+   case createNodeAction:
+      if wrongNodesExist && s.config.DisableChallenge {
+         log.Error("refusing to challenge assertion as config disables challenges")
+         info.CanProgress = false
+         return nil
+      }
+      if !active {
+         if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy >= DefensiveStrategy {
+            log.Warn("bringing defensive validator online because of incorrect assertion")
+            s.bringActiveUntilNode = info.LatestStakedNode + 1
+         }
+         info.CanProgress = false
+         return nil
+      }
+
+      // Details are already logged with more details in generateNodeAction
+      info.CanProgress = false
+      info.LatestStakedNode = 0
+      info.LatestStakedNodeHash = action.hash
+
+      // We'll return early if we already havea stake
+      if info.StakeExists {
+         _, err = s.rollup.StakeOnNewNode(s.builder.Auth(ctx), action.assertion.AsSolidityStruct(), action.hash, action.prevInboxMaxCount)
+         return err
+      }
+
+      // If we have no stake yet, we'll put one down
+      stakeAmount, err := s.rollup.CurrentRequiredStake(s.getCallOpts(ctx))
+      if err != nil {
+         return err
+      }
+      _, err = s.rollup.NewStakeOnNewNode(
+         s.builder.AuthWithAmount(ctx, stakeAmount),
+         action.assertion.AsSolidityStruct(),
+         action.hash,
+         action.prevInboxMaxCount,
+      )
+      if err != nil {
+         return err
+      }
+      info.StakeExists = true
+      return nil
+   case existingNodeAction:
+      info.LatestStakedNode = action.number
+      info.LatestStakedNodeHash = action.hash
+      if !active {
+         if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy >= DefensiveStrategy {
+            log.Warn("bringing defensive validator online because of incorrect assertion")
+            s.bringActiveUntilNode = action.number
+            info.CanProgress = false
+         } else {
+            s.inactiveLastCheckedNode = &nodeAndHash{
+               id:   action.number,
+               hash: action.hash,
+            }
+         }
+         return nil
+      }
+      log.Info("staking on existing node", "node", action.number)
+      // We'll return early if we already havea stake
+      if info.StakeExists {
+         _, err = s.rollup.StakeOnExistingNode(s.builder.Auth(ctx), action.number, action.hash)
+         return err
+      }
+
+      // If we have no stake yet, we'll put one down
+      stakeAmount, err := s.rollup.CurrentRequiredStake(s.getCallOpts(ctx))
+      if err != nil {
+         return err
+      }
+      _, err = s.rollup.NewStakeOnExistingNode(
+         s.builder.AuthWithAmount(ctx, stakeAmount),
+         action.number,
+         action.hash,
+      )
+      if err != nil {
+         return err
+      }
+      info.StakeExists = true
+      return nil
+   default:
+      panic("invalid action type")
+   }
+}
+
    +

    接下来的流程：createConflict->BuildingTransactionCount->ExecuteTransactions

    + + + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    + + + +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/code/arbitrum/setup.html b/docs/code/arbitrum/setup.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4092cd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/code/arbitrum/setup.html @@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第一章：Arbitrum 的 Nitro 本地网络启动与 ETH/ERC20 充提测试教程 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
    +
    + +
    + + + + +
    + + +
    + +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + +

    Arbitrum 的 Nitro 本地网络启动与 ETH/ERC20 充提测试教程

    +

    一. 本地网络启动

    +
      +
    1. 第一步：克隆 nitro 代码
      2. +
    +
    git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro.git
+
    +
      +
    1. 安装子模块
      2. +
    +
    git submodule init
+git submodule update
+
    +
      +
    1. 启动测试
      2. +
    +
    ./test-node.bash
+
    +
      +
    1. 启动配置项
      2. +
    +
    force_build=true  是否强制 build
+validate=true     是否启动 validate
+blockscout=false  是否启动 blockscout
+
    +

    如果启动过程中报错如下： +

    +

    请把force_init设置成 true 就行.

    +

    启动完成之后有以下这些镜像(我的没有启动 blockscout)：

    +
    bj89182ml@192 nitro % docker ps
+CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                                                                       NAMES
+9b4d301838ea   nitro_validator             "/usr/local/bin/nitr…"   8 hours ago   Up 8 hours   127.0.0.1:8247->8547/tcp, 127.0.0.1:8248->8548/tcp                          nitro_validator_1
+00e897625661   nitro_sequencer             "/usr/local/bin/nitr…"   8 hours ago   Up 8 hours   127.0.0.1:8547-8548->8547-8548/tcp, 127.0.0.1:9642->9642/tcp                nitro_sequencer_1
+393399b921f0   nitro_poster                "/usr/local/bin/nitr…"   8 hours ago   Up 8 hours   127.0.0.1:8147->8547/tcp, 127.0.0.1:8148->8548/tcp                          nitro_poster_1
+f0898fa127be   redis:6.2.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   8 hours ago   Up 8 hours   127.0.0.1:6379->6379/tcp                                                    nitro_redis_1
+d2fc2ca998a3   ethereum/client-go:stable   "geth --keystore /ke…"   8 hours ago   Up 8 hours   127.0.0.1:8545-8546->8545-8546/tcp, 127.0.0.1:30303->30303/tcp, 30303/udp   nitro_geth_1
+
    +

    二. ETH 测试

    +

    使用 arbitrum-sdk 配置本地网络 +克隆代码：

    +
    git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-sdk.git
+
    +

    安装依赖：

    +
    yarn install
+
    +

    配置环境变量：

    +
    ARB_URL="http://localhost:8547"
+ETH_URL="http://localhost:8545"
+ARB_KEY="e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2"
+ETH_KEY="e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2"
+
+#INFURA_KEY="2323232323232323232"
+#SHOULD_FORK=""
+#MAINNET_RPC="https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/2323"
+#ARB_ONE_RPC="https://arb1.arbitrum.io/rpc"
+#RINKEBY_RPC="https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/232323"
+#RINKARBY_RPC="https://rinkeby.arbitrum.io/rpc"
+
    +

    获取本地网络配置

    +
    yarn gen:network
+
    +

    执行结果如下： +

    +

    将打印出来的这些地址配置到 arbitrum-tutorials 项目中的各个模块 +1. Deposit +克隆代码并安装依赖

    +
    git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-tutorials.git
+cd arbitrum-tutorials/packages/eth-deposit
+yarn install 安装依赖
+
    +

    配置环境变量

    +
    # This is a sample .env file for use in local development.
+# Duplicate this file as .env here
+
+# Your Private key
+DEVNET_PRIVKEY="e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2"
+
+# Hosted Aggregator Node (JSON-RPC Endpoint). This is Arbitrum Goerli Testnet, can use any Arbitrum chain
+L2RPC="http://127.0.0.1:8547"
+
+# Ethereum RPC; i.e., for Goerli https://goerli.infura.io/v3/<your infura key>
+L1RPC="http://127.0.0.1:8545"
+将上面的 sdk 里面获取到的本地网络配置配置到代码中 arbitrum-tutorials/packages/eth-deposit/scripts/exec.js
+await arbLog('Deposit Eth via Arbitrum SDK')
+await addCustomNetwork({
+  customL1Network: {
+    blockTime: 10,
+    chainID: 1337,
+    explorerUrl: '',
+    isCustom: true,
+    name: 'EthLocal',
+    partnerChainIDs: [412346],
+    rpcURL: 'http://localhost:8545',
+  },
+  customL2Network: {
+    chainID: 412346,
+    confirmPeriodBlocks: 20,
+    ethBridge: {
+      bridge: '0x1702782edb6c1a0a20a4cf81bf7159005c7717c4',
+      inbox: '0xa24b6c27d7e12a53f951f1e3f964f02a50acb700',
+      outbox: '0xb6bE947DCA31b096Dc1041aC30e806A6F13Bf871',
+      rollup: '0xcc0f356cbeded5db896f8905e856366510aba533',
+      sequencerInbox: '0x33c04c208c6a8e644a33e104f0baaf3d48345396',
+    },
+    explorerUrl: '',
+    isArbitrum: true,
+    isCustom: true,
+    name: 'ArbLocal',
+    partnerChainID: 1337,
+    rpcURL: 'http://localhost:8547',
+    retryableLifetimeSeconds: 604800,
+    tokenBridge: {
+      l1CustomGateway: '0xacd66ABF571E20aaB88c45dEA436E1F34ed97f79',
+      l1ERC20Gateway: '0x99FF57ee073255f26669D703697bca8DDc797d98',
+      l1GatewayRouter: '0x508A0F1EFAA8664e3c85BC57eC52433DEC682fa1',
+      l1MultiCall: '0xC6f7A186231F4f541Ab9FA1cc3092Fae0CBCA815',
+      l1ProxyAdmin: '0x1Ffb0bCa2F62290fd9E237F1bD4969A513B28195',
+      l1Weth: '0xC6f7A186231F4f541Ab9FA1cc3092Fae0CBCA815',
+      l1WethGateway: '0x28B3a95f8e6508dc2C0097Ac543C8B2eFff21bF9',
+      l2CustomGateway: '0xF0B003F9247f2DC0e874710eD55e55f8C63B14a3',
+      l2ERC20Gateway: '0x78a6dC8D17027992230c112432E42EC3d6838d74',
+      l2GatewayRouter: '0x7b650845242a96595f3a9766D4e8e5ab0887936A',
+      l2Multicall: '0x9b890cA9dE3D317b165afA7DFb8C65f2e4c95C20',
+      l2ProxyAdmin: '0x7F85fB7f42A0c0D40431cc0f7DFDf88be6495e67',
+      l2Weth: '0x36BeF5fD671f2aA8686023dE4797A7dae3082D5F',
+      l2WethGateway: '0x2E76efCC2518CB801E5340d5f140B1c1911b4F4B',
+    },
+  },
+})
+const l2Network = await getL2Network(l2Provider)
+const ethBridger = new EthBridger(l2Network)
+
    +

    执行充值命令

    +
    yarn run depositETH
+
    +

    执行结果如下：

    +
    yarn run v1.22.17
+$ hardhat run scripts/exec.js
+Environmental variables properly set 👍
+                            🔵🔵
+                           🔵  🔵
+                          🔵    🔵
+                         🔵      🔵
+                        🔵        🔵
+                       🔵          🔵
+                      🔵            🔵
+                     🔵              🔵
+                    🔵                🔵
+                   🔵                  🔵
+                  🔵                    🔵
+                 🔵                      🔵
+                🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
+               🔵                          🔵
+              🔵                            🔵
+             🔵                              🔵
+            🔵                                🔵
+           🔵                                  🔵
+          🔵                                    🔵
+         🔵                                      🔵
+        🔵                                        🔵
+       🔵                                          🔵
+      🔵                                            🔵
+     🔵                                              🔵
+    🔵                                                🔵
+Arbitrum Demo: Deposit Eth via Arbitrum SDK
+Lets
+Go ➡️
+l2Wallet = 0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c
+l2WalletInitialEthBalance = BigNumber { _hex: '0x1565edfa392c81df50e0', _isBigNumber: true }
+deposit L1 receipt is: 0xac1b9d790004dba342bbcd97a9c0e8f59e84b1c987203f16eb28d67cf50c5892
+Now we wait for L2 side of the transaction to be executed ⏳
+L2 message successful: status: undefined
+your L2 ETH balance is updated from 101049965373101701026016 to 101059965373101701026016
+✨  Done in 34.99s.
+
    +

    2 Withdraw

    +

    进行入提现代码目录并安装依赖

    +
     cd packages/eth-withdraw
+ yarn install
+
    +

    配置环境变量和本地网络同上，然后运行测试脚本

    +
    yarn run withdrawETH
+
    +

    执行结果如下：

    +
     yarn run withdrawETH
+yarn run v1.22.17
+$ hardhat run scripts/exec.js
+Environmental variables properly set 👍
+                            🔵🔵
+                           🔵  🔵
+                          🔵    🔵
+                         🔵      🔵
+                        🔵        🔵
+                       🔵          🔵
+                      🔵            🔵
+                     🔵              🔵
+                    🔵                🔵
+                   🔵                  🔵
+                  🔵                    🔵
+                 🔵                      🔵
+                🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
+               🔵                          🔵
+              🔵                            🔵
+             🔵                              🔵
+            🔵                                🔵
+           🔵                                  🔵
+          🔵                                    🔵
+         🔵                                      🔵
+        🔵                                        🔵
+       🔵                                          🔵
+      🔵                                            🔵
+     🔵                                              🔵
+    🔵                                                🔵
+Arbitrum Demo: Withdraw Eth via Arbitrum SDK
+Lets
+Go ➡️
+...🚀
+
+Wallet properly funded: initiating withdrawal now
+Ether withdrawal initiated! 🥳 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a
+Withdrawal data: [
+  [
+    '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c',
+    '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c',
+    BigNumber {
+      _hex: '0x88b79364b9c67a6821a96c885a742e95d81baa87a47365305d9b505a1b1b06a2',
+      _isBigNumber: true
+    },
+    BigNumber { _hex: '0x03', _isBigNumber: true },
+    BigNumber { _hex: '0x32', _isBigNumber: true },
+    BigNumber { _hex: '0x7add', _isBigNumber: true },
+    BigNumber { _hex: '0x63232a78', _isBigNumber: true },
+    BigNumber { _hex: '0xe8d4a51000', _isBigNumber: true },
+    '0x',
+    caller: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c',
+    destination: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c',
+    hash: BigNumber {
+      _hex: '0x88b79364b9c67a6821a96c885a742e95d81baa87a47365305d9b505a1b1b06a2',
+      _isBigNumber: true
+    },
+    position: BigNumber { _hex: '0x03', _isBigNumber: true },
+    arbBlockNum: BigNumber { _hex: '0x32', _isBigNumber: true },
+    ethBlockNum: BigNumber { _hex: '0x7add', _isBigNumber: true },
+    timestamp: BigNumber { _hex: '0x63232a78', _isBigNumber: true },
+    callvalue: BigNumber { _hex: '0xe8d4a51000', _isBigNumber: true },
+    data: '0x'
+  ]
+]
+To to claim funds (after dispute period), see outbox-execute repo ✌️
+✨  Done in 9.71s.
+
    +
      +
    1. Cliam Withdraw
      2. +
    +

    进行入 outbox-execute 目录并安装依赖

    +
    cd packages/outbox-execute
+yarn install
+
    +

    配置环境变量和本地网络同上，然后运行测试脚本

    +
    yarn run withdrawETH
+
    +

    执行命令

    +
    yarn outbox-exec --txhash 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a
+
    +

    结果如下：

    +
    yarn run v1.22.17
+$ hardhat outbox-exec --txhash 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a
+Environmental variables properly set 👍
+                            🔵🔵
+                           🔵  🔵
+                          🔵    🔵
+                         🔵      🔵
+                        🔵        🔵
+                       🔵          🔵
+                      🔵            🔵
+                     🔵              🔵
+                    🔵                🔵
+                   🔵                  🔵
+                  🔵                    🔵
+                 🔵                      🔵
+                🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
+               🔵                          🔵
+              🔵                            🔵
+             🔵                              🔵
+            🔵                                🔵
+           🔵                                  🔵
+          🔵                                    🔵
+         🔵                                      🔵
+        🔵                                        🔵
+       🔵                                          🔵
+      🔵                                            🔵
+     🔵                                              🔵
+    🔵                                                🔵
+Arbitrum Demo: Outbox Execution
+Lets
+Go ➡️
+...🚀
+
+Waiting for the outbox entry to be created. This only happens when the L2 block is confirmed on L1, ~1 week after it's creation.
+
    +

    已经 cliam 完成的命令如下：

    +
    Lets
+Go ➡️
+...🚀
+Waiting for the outbox entry to be created. This only happens when the L2 block is confirmed on L1, ~1 week after it's creation.
+Outbox entry exists! Trying to execute now
+Done! Your transaction is executed {
+  to: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6',
+  from: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c',
+  contractAddress: null,
+  transactionIndex: 0,
+  gasUsed: BigNumber { _hex: '0x014837', _isBigNumber: true },
+  logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000008000000000020000400000000020000100000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000010000000000000040000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000020008008000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000',
+  blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1',
+  transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832',
+  logs: [
+    {
+      transactionIndex: 0,
+      blockNumber: 31668,
+      transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832',
+      address: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6',
+      topics: [Array],
+      data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002',
+      logIndex: 0,
+      blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1'
+    },
+    {
+      transactionIndex: 0,
+      blockNumber: 31668,
+      transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832',
+      address: '0x1702782EDb6C1A0a20A4cF81BF7159005C7717c4',
+      topics: [Array],
+      data: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e8d4a5100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      logIndex: 1,
+      blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1'
+    }
+  ],
+  blockNumber: 31668,
+  confirmations: 3,
+  cumulativeGasUsed: BigNumber { _hex: '0x014837', _isBigNumber: true },
+  effectiveGasPrice: BigNumber { _hex: '0x59682f07', _isBigNumber: true },
+  status: 1,
+  type: 2,
+  byzantium: true,
+  events: [
+    {
+      transactionIndex: 0,
+      blockNumber: 31668,
+      transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832',
+      address: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6',
+      topics: [Array],
+      data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002',
+      logIndex: 0,
+      blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1',
+      args: [Array],
+      decode: [Function (anonymous)],
+      event: 'OutBoxTransactionExecuted',
+      eventSignature: 'OutBoxTransactionExecuted(address,address,uint256,uint256)',
+      removeListener: [Function (anonymous)],
+      getBlock: [Function (anonymous)],
+      getTransaction: [Function (anonymous)],
+      getTransactionReceipt: [Function (anonymous)]
+    },
+    {
+      transactionIndex: 0,
+      blockNumber: 31668,
+      transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832',
+      address: '0x1702782EDb6C1A0a20A4cF81BF7159005C7717c4',
+      topics: [Array],
+      data: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e8d4a5100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+      logIndex: 1,
+      blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1',
+      removeListener: [Function (anonymous)],
+      getBlock: [Function (anonymous)],
+      getTransaction: [Function (anonymous)],
+      getTransactionReceipt: [Function (anonymous)]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+✨  Done in 12.83s.
+
    +

    二. ERC20 测试

    +

    erc20 测试代码对应的是 token-deposit 和 token-withdraw +安装依赖和环境配置和上面一致 +1. Deposit

    +
    yarn run token-deposit
+
    +

    执行命令之后结果如下, 会转 0.5 DAPP Token 到 L2：

    +
    yarn run v1.22.17
+$ hardhat run scripts/exec.js
+Environmental variables properly set 👍
+                            🔵🔵
+                           🔵  🔵
+                          🔵    🔵
+                         🔵      🔵
+                        🔵        🔵
+                       🔵          🔵
+                      🔵            🔵
+                     🔵              🔵
+                    🔵                🔵
+                   🔵                  🔵
+                  🔵                    🔵
+                 🔵                      🔵
+                🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
+               🔵                          🔵
+              🔵                            🔵
+             🔵                              🔵
+            🔵                                🔵
+           🔵                                  🔵
+          🔵                                    🔵
+         🔵                                      🔵
+        🔵                                        🔵
+       🔵                                          🔵
+      🔵                                            🔵
+     🔵                                              🔵
+    🔵                                                🔵
+Arbitrum Demo: Deposit token using Arbitrum SDK
+Lets
+Go ➡️
+...🚀
+
+Deploying the test DappToken to L1:
+DappToken is deployed to L1 at 0x3A85e361917180567F6a0fb8c68B2b5065126aCA
+Approving:
+You successfully allowed the Arbitrum Bridge to spend DappToken 0xd62f25efb8d37f84c292cd0ed547c13a5fc97b14fe0ca8d64635f9eb06ceafff
+L2 message successful: status: REDEEMED
+l2TokenAddress= 0xe48d6eD6aCE60A5C69425a5EDDa46c7CbacD7cFf
+Duplicate definition of Transfer (Transfer(address,address,uint256,bytes), Transfer(address,address,uint256))
+
    +
      +
    1. Withdraw +执行提现命令
      2. +
    +
    yarn withdraw-token
+
    +

    结果如下：

    +
    yarn run v1.22.17
+$ hardhat run scripts/exec.js
+Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing "SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License>" to each source file. Use "SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information.
+--> contracts/DappToken.sol
+
+
+Warning: Visibility for constructor is ignored. If you want the contract to be non-deployable, making it "abstract" is sufficient.
+  --> contracts/DappToken.sol:23:5:
+   |
+23 |     constructor(uint256 _initialSupply) public {
+   |     ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).
+
+
+Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully
+Environmental variables properly set 👍
+                            🔵🔵
+                           🔵  🔵
+                          🔵    🔵
+                         🔵      🔵
+                        🔵        🔵
+                       🔵          🔵
+                      🔵            🔵
+                     🔵              🔵
+                    🔵                🔵
+                   🔵                  🔵
+                  🔵                    🔵
+                 🔵                      🔵
+                🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵
+               🔵                          🔵
+              🔵                            🔵
+             🔵                              🔵
+            🔵                                🔵
+           🔵                                  🔵
+          🔵                                    🔵
+         🔵                                      🔵
+        🔵                                        🔵
+       🔵                                          🔵
+      🔵                                            🔵
+     🔵                                              🔵
+    🔵                                                🔵
+Arbitrum Demo: Withdraw token using Arbitrum SDK
+Lets
+Go ➡️
+🚀
+Deploying the test DappToken to L1:
+DappToken is deployed to L1 at 0x878E8Cc740C493Ad951dDAaceFF9a9D9f6F41413
+Approving:
+You successfully allowed the Arbitrum Bridge to spend DappToken 0xa0f8c4f0b8ee441052b7f25fd7060da8ec6a4ec4501309152679145ba7667111
+Transferring DappToken to L2:
+Deposit initiated: waiting for L2 retryable (takes < 10 minutes; current time: 21:45:01 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间))
+Setup complete
+L2 message successful: status: REDEEMED
+Withdrawing:
+Token withdrawal initiated! 🥳 0x878d8f0f78b4c397c77068be68fb05ed006724e40884b8560ef62660bd376363
+Duplicate definition of Transfer (Transfer(address,address,uint256,bytes), Transfer(address,address,uint256))
+To to claim funds (after dispute period), see outbox-execute repo ✌️
+✨  Done in 48.55s.
+
    +
      +
    1. Cliam withdraw
      2. +
    +

    和 ETH 的 Cliam 类似

    +

    四. 可以参考配置项目

    +
      +
    • arbitrum-tutorials配置参考： https://github.com/guoshijiang/arbitrum-tutorials
      • +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    + + + +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/code/arbitrum/tx.html b/docs/code/arbitrum/tx.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82f4c6a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/code/arbitrum/tx.html @@ -0,0 +1,1316 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第二章：Arbitrum 的 Nitro 项目启动和交易执行源码解析 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
    +
    + +
    + + + + +
    + + +
    + +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    +
    + + + + +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + +

    Arbitrum 的 Nitro 项目启动和交易执行源码解析

    +

    一. 交易执行细节

    +

    1 合约部署

    +

    在节点启动之前，会先去部署 L1 上的合约，L2 上的合约是预部署的，接口部分有 solidity 来编写，实现是由 go 代码来实现的，合约实现对应的 go 代码为 precompiles 项目的代码目录，接口定义为 /nitro/contracts/src/precompiles 的代码。

    +

    2.1 L1 上的合约部署

    +

    合约部署代码入口为/nitro/cmd/deploy/deploy.go, +调用链：arbnode.DeployOnL1 -> deployRollupCreator -> deployBridgeCreator deployChallengeFactory DeployRollupAdminLogic DeployRollupUserLogic 等 +核心代码示例如下

    +
     deployPtr, err := arbnode.DeployOnL1(
+   ctx,
+   l1client,
+   l1TransactionOpts,
+   sequencerAddress,
+   *authorizevalidators,
+   headerReaderConfig,
+   machineConfig,
+   arbnode.GenerateRollupConfig(*prod, common.HexToHash(*wasmmoduleroot), ownerAddress, l2ChainId, loserEscrowAddress),
+)
+
    +
    rollupCreator, rollupCreatorAddress, validatorUtils, validatorWalletCreator, err := deployRollupCreator(ctx, l1Reader, deployAuth)
+if err != nil {
+   return nil, fmt.Errorf("error deploying rollup creator: %w", err)
+}
+
    +
    func deployRollupCreator(ctx context.Context, l1Reader *headerreader.HeaderReader, auth *bind.TransactOpts) (*rollupgen.RollupCreator, common.Address, common.Address, common.Address, error) {
+   bridgeCreator, err := deployBridgeCreator(ctx, l1Reader, auth)
+   if err != nil {
+      return nil, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, err
+   }
+
+   ospEntryAddr, challengeManagerAddr, err := deployChallengeFactory(ctx, l1Reader, auth)
+   if err != nil {
+      return nil, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, err
+   }
+   ......
+
    +

    1.2 L2 上的合约部署

    +

    预部署合约, 执行 docker exec nitro_sequencer_1 cat /config/deployment.json 的时候会去部署一些合约, 部署生成的合约如下:

    +
    {
+  "l1Network": {
+    "blockTime": 10,
+    "chainID": 1337,
+    "explorerUrl": "",
+    "isCustom": true,
+    "name": "EthLocal",
+    "partnerChainIDs": [
+      412346,
+      412346
+    ],
+    "rpcURL": "http://localhost:8545"
+  },
+  "l2Network": {
+    "chainID": 412346,
+    "confirmPeriodBlocks": 20,
+    "ethBridge": {
+      "bridge": "0x815b0ce130aa4c1db18ba0c4c92fcfbf6062ab08",
+      "inbox": "0x07061a11d42da58c7bd08ddbf4ef6e60232ba966",
+      "outbox": "0xE7098C657B3Ee7c92939f20A4E308efCdd656163",
+      "rollup": "0x532016aa3f129f35214559723aa7a0faa435f7ce",
+      "sequencerInbox": "0xda7b4b25cac35e41f62cf79744b7e4d50f177b64"
+    },
+    "explorerUrl": "",
+    "isArbitrum": true,
+    "isCustom": true,
+    "name": "ArbLocal",
+    "partnerChainID": 1337,
+    "rpcURL": "http://localhost:8547",
+    "retryableLifetimeSeconds": 604800,
+    "depositTimeout": 900000,
+    "tokenBridge": {
+      "l1CustomGateway": "0xDe67138B609Fbca38FcC2673Bbc5E33d26C5B584",
+      "l1ERC20Gateway": "0x0Bdb0992B3872DF911260BfB60D72607eb22d5d4",
+      "l1GatewayRouter": "0x4535771b8D5C43100f126EdACfEc7eb60d391312",
+      "l1MultiCall": "0x36BeF5fD671f2aA8686023dE4797A7dae3082D5F",
+      "l1ProxyAdmin": "0xF7818cd5f5Dc379965fD1C66b36C0C4D788E7cDB",
+      "l1Weth": "0x24067223381F042fF36fb87818196dB4D2C56E9B",
+      "l1WethGateway": "0xBa3d12E370a4b592AAF0CA1EF09971D196c27aAd",
+      "l2CustomGateway": "0x0Bdb0992B3872DF911260BfB60D72607eb22d5d4",
+      "l2ERC20Gateway": "0x4535771b8D5C43100f126EdACfEc7eb60d391312",
+      "l2GatewayRouter": "0xF7818cd5f5Dc379965fD1C66b36C0C4D788E7cDB",
+      "l2Multicall": "0x14a00f381A870878Ae6A055C656520FF2Cbff985",
+      "l2ProxyAdmin": "0x8c366Cfd28bC93729e14Da4fcf94d20862A7f266",
+      "l2Weth": "0x9b890cA9dE3D317b165afA7DFb8C65f2e4c95C20",
+      "l2WethGateway": "0xDe67138B609Fbca38FcC2673Bbc5E33d26C5B584"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
    +

    温馨提示：看代码的时候建议执行一下 make contract，这样会生成合约对应的 go 调用代码，代码生成在 nitro/solgen 目录下。

    +

    2. 节点启动的流程

    +

    节点启动过程中会生成四个 Json 文件，用来区分 validator, sequencer 和 poster, 四个文件的名字为 unsafe_staker_config, validator_config.json, sequencer_config和 poster_config，这四个文件里面包含各自节点相关的配置，除此之外，还会生成deployment.json 文件，该文件用户合约的部署；文件由 testnode-scripts 下面的代码生成，这里面的代码会单独形成一个 docker 镜像，节点启动过程中会驱使该镜像去生成相关的配置文件。节点启动过程中，testnode-scripts 下面的 ethcommands.ts 会去运行 3 笔交易，L1<->L2, L2 和 L2 自己转账。需要发布 L1->L2, L2->L 相关的交易时，需要运行 docker exec nitro_sequencer_1 cat /config/deployment.json 不是相关的合约。

    +

    3. L2 上的交易

    +

    L2 复用了 geth 客户端，所以交易发进来的时候和 ETH 是一致的，调用了 SendTransaction 和 SendRawTransaction 接口进交易发进来，然后交易进入到 SubmitTransaction, 通过 +b.SendTx(ctx, tx)

    +
    func (a *APIBackend) SendTx(ctx context.Context, signedTx *types.Transaction) error {
+   return a.b.EnqueueL2Message(ctx, signedTx)
+}
+
    +

    接下来交易进入 b.arb.PublishTransaction(ctx, tx) , 在 PublishTransaction 阶段，按照如下顺序执行了 ArbInterface PublishTransaction->TxPreChecker PublishTransaction->Sequencer PublishTransaction

    +

    PreCheckTx: 主要是对交易进行gas, Nonce, balance 等简单的检查，检查完成之后交易进入到 Sequencer PublishTransaction 阶段，到这个阶段，交易并没有完全执行完成，交易还需要 rollup 到一层，那么怎么 rollup 的，我们来看看下面的流程。

    +

    交易的 Rollup 由BatchPoster 将交易批量提交到 L2 上去，函数执行流程如下：arbnode: Start()->BatchPoster.Start->b.maybePostSequencerBatch(ctx, batchSeqNum)->b.inboxContract.AddSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin->l1Reader.Client().SendTransaction(ctx, tx)

    +

    BatchPoster 回去组装相关的 RollUp 的交易，通过 SendTransaction 发到 L1 上，整个过程涉及到交易的获取组装，交易压缩和把交易发送到一层。

    +

    4. L1->L2 交易

    +

    4.1 概述

    +

    简单的 Eth 充值存在一种特殊的消息类型；即，将 Eth 从 L1 发送到 L2。Eth 可以通过调用Inbox的depositEth方法来存入。如果 L1 调用方是 EOA，则 Eth 将存入 L2 上相同的 EOA 地址；L1 调用者是一个合约，资金将存入合约的别名地址。值得注意的是，将 Eth viadepositEth存入 L2 上的合约不会触发合约的回退功能。 +原则上，可重试的票据也可以用于存入以太币；这可能比特殊的 eth-deposit 消息类型更可取，例如，如果目标地址需要更大的灵活性，或者如果想要在 L2 侧触发回退功能。

    +

    虽然 Retryables 和 Eth 存款必须通过延迟收件箱提交，但原则上，任何消息都可以通过这种方式包含；这是确保 Arbitrum 链保持审查阻力的必要手段，即使 Sequencer 行为不端（参见The Sequencer and Censorship Resistance）。但是，在普通/愉快的情况下，期望/建议是客户端仅将延迟收件箱用于 Retryables 和 Eth 存款，并通过 Sequencer 处理所有其他消息。

    +

    4.2. 执行细节

    +
    4.2.1. L1 -> L2 (以 ETH充值 为例)
    +

    L1 合约侧

    +
      +
    • 调用合约方法入口 Inbox.depositEth(), 根据合约逻辑该操作会触发事件 event:InboxMessageDelivered(msgNum, _messageData) 和 event:MessageDelivered
      • +
    • 合约逻辑内部调用bridge.enqueueDelayedMessage() 将该交易信息写入到 bridge 合约的 delayedInboxAccs 数组中，并将 value 传递给 Bridge 合约(lock ether)
      • +
    • 此时 ETH balance 锁定在 Bridge 合约中
      • +
    +

    L2 Sequencer 侧

    +
      +
    • Arbnode 从 Inbox合约 中查询消息事件。arbnode.InboxReader 以设定高度( 默认100) 范围读取 event:MessageDelivered ，同时根据获取的 events 的最大、最小高度查询 event:InboxMessageDelivered 事件。结合两者信息解析到 DelayedInboxMessage 对象中(记为: messages) 。
      • +
    • InboxTracker 将上述message 对象写入本地存储中，并更新状态数据.
      • +
    • delayed_sequencer 根据本地 DelayedMessagesRead 缓存的高度作为起始索引位置( pos )，对比本地 db 中缓存的 Message 计数. 循环从 db 缓存按照 pos 为索引获取 inconming msgs 数据并解析为 L1IncomingMessage 数组，进一步由 TransactionStreamer 在 SequenceDelayedMessages方法中将消息事件进行排序，完成排序后调用 createBlocks打包出块。打包区块执行逻辑过程中，通过 ParseL2Transactions 按照L1消息类型执行具体的实现逻辑，在这里是构造充值交易（mint，充值交易一笔一个块，充值的message 会被解析成一笔L2交易）
      • +
    • 最后在执行交易的过程中，调用 TxProcessor.StartTxHook，按照 types.ArbitrumDepositTx 的交易类型 mint 指定的 balance（stateDB.AddBalance(to, amount) 的方式）
      • +
    +
    4.2.2.L1 -> L2 (以 ERC20充值 为例, Deposit ERC20)
    +

    L1 合约侧:

    +
      +
    • 合约入口为L1GatewayRouter.outboundTransfer 或 L1GatewayRouter.outboundTransferCustomRefund ，方法逻辑中执行了 L2 gasLimit、L2 maxFeePerGas 的 txFee 的检查
      • +
    • 在父类 GatewayRoute.outboundTransfer 中，根据 token 类型获取 Gateway 实现后，调用具体实例的outboundTransfer方法
      • +
    • 在L1ArbitrumGateway.outboundTransfer实例中，根据 l2BeaconProxyFactory 地址、nonce、和 cloneableProxyHash 计算 L2-ERC20token 地址（同deploy流程计算方式）
      • +
    • 调用 outboundEscrowTransfer 方法 对ERC20 Token 执行 transfer 操作，将 ERC20 Token 锁定在 L1ArbitrumGateway 中
      • +
    • 调用 getOutboundCalldata 方法构造 L2 上 finalizeInboundTransfer调用的calldata，在逻辑方法 L1ArbitrumMessenger.sendTxToL2CustomRefund中，调用Inbox.createRetryableTicket方法，触发事件 event:TxToL2 event:InboxMessageDelivered
      • +
    • 进而调用 Inbox._deliverMessage 发起一笔充值，后续操作流程同 : ETH deposit L2 Sequencer 侧
      • +
    +

    L2 合约侧 :

    +
      +
    • Sequencer 定序完成进行交易执行会根据以上步骤所得 abi 调用到 L2ArbitrumGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer，触发事件 event:DepositFinalized
      • +
    • 执行逻辑中，检查 L2-ERC20Token 合约地址，检查 L2 Token / L1 Token 的绑定关系（验证失败则执行 triggerWithdrawal 方法将 token 返还给 L1）
      • +
    • 执行逻辑中，调用 inboundEscrowTransfer 方法，调用 ERC20 的 bridgeMint 方法 mint 给指定用户
      • +
    +

    5. L2->L1 交易

    +

    5.1. 概述

    +

    Arbitrum 的发件箱系统允许任意 L2 到 L1 合约调用；即，从 L2 发起的消息最终在 L1 上执行解决。L2-to-L1 消息（又名“传出”消息）与 Arbitrum 的L1-to-L2 消息（可重试）有许多共同点，“相反”，尽管有一些差异。

    +

    协议流: Arbitrum 链的 L2 状态的一部分——因此，每个 RBlock 中断言的部分——是链历史中所有 L2 到 L1 消息的 Merkle 根。在确认断言的 RBlock 后（通常在断言后约 1 周），此 Merkle 根将发布在Outbox合约的 L1 上。然后，发件箱合约允许用户执行他们的消息——验证 Merkle 包含证明，并跟踪哪些 L2 到 L1 消息已经被使用。

    +

    客户流程: 从客户端的角度来看，L2 到 L1 的消息以调用 L2ArbSys预编译合约的sendTxToL1方法开始。一旦消息包含在断言中（通常在约 1 小时内）并确认断言（通常约 1 周），任何客户端都可以执行该消息。为此，客户端首先通过调用 Arbitrum 链的“虚拟”/precompile-esque**NodeInterface合约的constructOutboxProof方法来检索证明数据。然后可以在Outbox'executeTransaction方法中使用返回的数据来执行 L1 执行。

    +

    协议设计细节: 发件箱系统设计中的一个重要特征是调用confirmNode具有恒定的开销。要求confirmNode只更新固定大小的传出消息根哈希，用户自己执行最后一步执行，达到了这个目标；即，无论根中传出消息的数量，或者在 L1 上执行它们的 gas 成本，确认节点的成本保持不变；这确保了处理的 RBlock 确认不会被破坏。

    +

    与可以选择为自动 L2 执行提供 Ether 的 Retryables 不同，传出消息不能提供协议内自动 L1 执行，原因很简单，以太坊本身不提供预定执行功能。但是，原则上可以构建与发件箱交互的应用层合约，以提供有点类似的“执行市场”功能，用于外包最终的 L1 执行步骤。

    +

    传出消息和 Retryables 之间的另一个区别是 Retryables 的生命周期有限，在此之前它们必须被赎回（或显式延长它们的生命周期），而 L2 到 L1 消息存储在 L1 状态，因此永久存在/没有截止日期他们必须被处决。 可以执行传出消息之前的长达一周的延迟期是 Arbitrum Rollup 或任何 Optimistic Rollup 样式 L2 的本质和基础；交易在链上发布的那一刻，任何观察者都可以预测其结果；然而，为了让以太坊本身接受它的结果，协议必须给 Arbitrum 验证器时间，以便在需要时检测并证明错误。

    +

    我们称之为NodeInterface“虚拟”合同；它的方法可以通过调用访问0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8，但它并不真正存在于链上。它并不是真正的预编译，但其行为很像无法接收来自其他合约的调用的预编译。这是一个可爱的技巧，让我们无需实现自定义 RPC 即可提供特定于 Arbitrum 的数据。

    +

    5.2. 执行细节

    +

    5.2.1. L2 -> L1 (以 ETH提现 为例，参考 SDK 中的提现操作)

    +

    L2 网络侧

    +
      +
    • 调用预编译合约 ARB_SYS(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064)中的withdrawEth 方法，在 EVM instance 中，判断合约类型，预编译合约会调用底层的 Call 方法，将合约调用的请求转为预编译和约go代码执行，最后执行到 precompiles/ArbSys.go:198 WithdrawEth方法
      • +
    • 在 WithdrawEth 方法中，调用跨网络消息传递的入口函数SendTxToL1，其中的util.BurnBalance 方法将 withdraw 请求的 ETH amount 燃烧掉（from balance减，to == nil balance 不加），触发事件 event:SendMerkleUpdate和 event:L2ToL1Tx
      • +
    • 此时，用户可以根据L2ToL1Tx消息中的参数，调用预编译合约NODE_INTERFACE(0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8)中的 ConstructOutboxProof方法构造提款证明供 L1合约 Outbox.executeTransaction 方法使用
      • +
    +

    L1 合约侧（参考 SDK 中的提现操作）

    +
      +
    • 调用 L1 合约方法 Outbox.executeTransaction，参数包含上述 L2 上提现的 proof 等，触发事件 event:OutBoxTransactionExecuted，event:BridgeCallTriggered
      • +
    • 合约逻辑内部，调用 Outbox.recordOutputAsSpent 方法更新了 proof 的使用状态，进而调用 Bridge 合约的 Bridge.executeCall方法，此时将 ETH 转给提款地址
      • +
    +

    5.2.2. L2 -> L1 (以 ERC20提现为例, Withdraw ERC20)

    +

    L2 合约侧

    +
      +
    • 提现的合约入口为 L2ArbitrumGateway.outboundTransfer 方法, 逻辑中检查了指定 L1 Token的 L2 ERC20 Token 是否存在，检查了 L2-ERC20 Token的绑定关系，并调用 outboundEscrowTransfer 将 L2 Token 给 burn 掉
      • +
    • 后续方法调用栈为: triggerWithdrawal -> createOutboundTx -> sendTxToL1 -> ArbSys.sendTxToL1
      • +
    • ArbSys.sendTxToL1 执行会触发事件 event: SendMerkleUpdate和 event:L2ToL1Tx
      • +
    • 此时，用户可以根据L2ToL1Tx消息中的参数，调用预编译合约NODE_INTERFACE(0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8)中的 ConstructOutboxProof方法构造提款证明供 L1合约 Outbox.executeTransaction 方法使用
      • +
    +

    L1 合约侧

    +
      +
    • Outbox.executeTransaction 最终将调用 L1ArbitrumGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer 进行 L1 ERC20 的转账, 提现流程至此结束.
      • +
    +

    二. 交易提交细节深入

    +

    1. 交易提交过程:

    +

    交易的 Rollup 由BatchPoster 将交易批量提交到 L1 上去，函数执行流程如下：arbnode: Start()-> BatchPoster.Start->b.maybePostSequencerBatch(ctx, batchSeqNum)->b.inboxContract.AddSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin->l1Reader.Client().SendTransaction(ctx, tx)

    +

    BatchPoster 回去组装相关的 RollUp 的交易，通过 SendTransaction 发到 L1 上，整个过程涉及到交易的获取组装，交易压缩和把交易发送到一层。

    +

    2. 合约事件的处理与监听

    +

    sequencer_inbox.go 和 delayed.go 里面会去监听合约事件，同步相关的事件下来进行交易的处理，处理事件ID 如下：

    +

    sequencer_inbox.go

    +
    var messageDeliveredID common.Hash
+var inboxMessageDeliveredID common.Hash
+var inboxMessageFromOriginID common.Hash
+var l2MessageFromOriginCallABI abi.Method
+
    +

    delayed.go

    +
    var sequencerBridgeABI *abi.ABI
+var batchDeliveredID common.Hash
+var addSequencerL2BatchFromOriginCallABI abi.Method
+var sequencerBatchDataABI abi.Event
+
    +

    此部分的入口函数在 inbox_reader.go 里面的 run 函数,

    +
    delayedMessages, err := ir.delayedBridge.LookupMessagesInRange(ctx, from, to)
+if err != nil {
+   return err
+}
+
    +

    LookupMessagesInRange 进入到 delay.go 里面去解析整个延迟收件向里面的消息，具体细节请参考代码文件

    +
    sequencerBatches, err := ir.sequencerInbox.LookupBatchesInRange(ctx, from, to)
+if err != nil {
+   return err
+}
+if !ir.caughtUp && to.Cmp(currentHeight) == 0 {
+   // TODO better caught up tracking
+   ir.caughtUp = true
+   ir.caughtUpChan <- true
+}
+
    +

    LookupBatchesInRange 进入 sequencer_inbox.go 里面进行时间的解析，具体细节可以进入到代码里面查看。

    +

    处理完成的消息将由 transaction_streamer.go 处理生成区块和判断区块是否需要重组，细节的执行流程如下：

    +

    Sequencer: Start-> s.createBlock(ctx)->s.txStreamer.SequenceTransactions(header, txes, hooks)->arbos.ProduceBlockAdvanced(进入arbios 的块处理逻辑)->validator.NewBlock(block, lastBlockHeader, msgWithMeta)

    +

    3. 区块产生逻辑整理

    +

    ProduceBlockAdvanced-> types.NewBlock(进入 geth 块处理程序，此处先生成临时处理块，然后再生成落库的块) +这里面有几点值得注意的地方是： +A. 一个块里面包含两笔交易的解释

    +
      +
    • 新版的 nitro 里面加了一个 startBlock 的特性，两笔交易里面有一笔交易和这个相关(在所有其他人之前添加一个 tx 以修改状态（更新 L1 块编号、定价池等）)，另一个交易是用户发过来的交易，处理核心代码逻辑如下：
      • +
    +
    startTx := InternalTxStartBlock(chainConfig.ChainID, l1Header.L1BaseFee, l1BlockNum, header, lastBlockHeader)
+txes = append(types.Transactions{types.NewTx(startTx)}, txes...)
+
    +
      +
    • +

      区块的生成另一条路径，通过 validator.NewBlock 最终回到 block_processor 处理流程，这里生成的块是经过 validator 验证过的，生成路径如下： +validator.NewBlock-> v.prepareBlock-> BlockDataForValidation->RecordBlockCreation->arbos.ProduceBlock->ProduceBlockAdvanced

      +
      • +
    • +

      在最终生成区块的时候，会通过 FinalizeBlock 将 Merkle root 和 size 更新到区块头

      +
      • +
    +

    4. 交易产生的逻辑整理

    +

    交易的核心处理逻辑在 tx_processor 里面，核心代码在 StartTxHook 内部，L2 上的交易通过 PublishTransaction 发布到 arbnode 里面处理，再由 geth 的 hook 函数处理。L1->L2, L2->L1 通过 pareMessage 的方式把 message 转换为 L2 上的 Tx, 细节的代码可以参考 tx_processor 和 incomingmessage.go 里面的处理逻辑,incomingmessage 处理的消息有一下几种类别

    +
    L1MessageType_L2Message             = 3
+L1MessageType_EndOfBlock            = 6
+L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1          = 7
+L1MessageType_RollupEvent           = 8
+L1MessageType_SubmitRetryable       = 9
+L1MessageType_BatchForGasEstimation = 10 // probably won't use this in practice
+L1MessageType_Initialize            = 11
+L1MessageType_EthDeposit            = 12
+L1MessageType_BatchPostingReport    = 13
+L1MessageType_Invalid               = 0xFF
+
    +
    const (
+   L2MessageKind_UnsignedUserTx  = 0
+   L2MessageKind_ContractTx      = 1
+   L2MessageKind_NonmutatingCall = 2
+   L2MessageKind_Batch           = 3
+   L2MessageKind_SignedTx        = 4
+   // 5 is reserved
+   L2MessageKind_Heartbeat          = 6 // deprecated
+   L2MessageKind_SignedCompressedTx = 7
+   // 8 is reserved for BLS signed batch
+)
+
    +

    上面各种类别的消息处理逻辑有细微的差距，具体可以查看 incomingmessage 内的 ParseIncomingL1Message ParseL2Transactions ParseInitMessage 等方法，这些方法的作用就是将 Message 转换成相关的交易, 解析交易相关的函数由生成区块的函数内部调起进入。 +交易处理逻辑需要注意的一个点：

    +
      +
    • Tx 处理分为不同的类别，Retryables 的交易如果不被处理，是可以不断地修改延长交易的处理周期的，核心代码如下：
      • +
    +
    func (rs *RetryableState) Keepalive(
+   ticketId common.Hash,
+   currentTimestamp,
+   limitBeforeAdd,
+   timeToAdd uint64,
+) (uint64, error) {
+   retryable, err := rs.OpenRetryable(ticketId, currentTimestamp)
+   if err != nil {
+      return 0, err
+   }
+   if retryable == nil {
+      return 0, errors.New("ticketId not found")
+   }
+   timeout, err := retryable.CalculateTimeout()
+   if err != nil {
+      return 0, err
+   }
+   if timeout > limitBeforeAdd {
+      return 0, errors.New("timeout too far into the future")
+   }
+
+   // Add a duplicate entry to the end of the queue (only the last one deletes the retryable)
+   err = rs.TimeoutQueue.Put(retryable.id)
+   if err != nil {
+      return 0, err
+   }
+   if _, err := retryable.timeoutWindowsLeft.Increment(); err != nil {
+      return 0, err
+   }
+   newTimeout := timeout + RetryableLifetimeSeconds
+
+   // Pay in advance for the work needed to reap the duplicate from the timeout queue
+   return newTimeout, rs.retryables.Burner().Burn(RetryableReapPrice)
+}
+
    +

    5 区块 ReorgBlock 逻辑

    +

    reorg 触发的条件：L1 层发生交易回滚或者分叉等时，可能会导致 Post 上去的数据发生问题，因此二层上的数据也需要回滚，这种时候就会产生区块的 reorg，reorg 需要两个块，一个旧链和一个新链，并将重建这些块并将它们插入到新的规范链中，并累积潜在的丢失交易并发布有关它们的事件。 注意这里不会处理新的 head 块，调用者需要在外部处理它。

    +

    三. arbnode 和 arbos 代码解读

    +

    1. Arbnode

    +
      +
    • arb_interface：TransactionPublisher 接口层，衔接 go-ethereum
      • +
    • batch_poster：批量提交交易到 L1 的相关的代码
      • +
    • delayed 和 delayed_sequencer: 延迟收件箱相关的消息处理
      • +
    • sequencer 和 sequencer_inbox：sequencer 收件箱相关的事件处理
      • +
    • inbox_reader：链接延迟收件箱和 sequencer 收件箱的模块代码
      • +
    • transaction_streamer：交易生成区块和重组的逻辑
      • +
    • inbox_tracker：本地数据库收件箱的管理
      • +
    • tx_pre_checker：交易的预检查
      • +
    +

    2. Arbos

    +
      +
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    联系作者，一起研究 Layer2，完成该书写作

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    • 邮箱：guoshijiang2012@163.com
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    • 微信：LGZAXE
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    • discord: https://discord.gg/WW86tqEw
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    • telegram: @shijiangguo
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    • Twitter: @seek_web3
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    +

    赞助本教程

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      +
    • ETH: 0xa424Db4D52D8f12Bb0ea4fbe2dEAb6cf7e9cBC87
      • +
    • ERC20: 0xa424Db4D52D8f12Bb0ea4fbe2dEAb6cf7e9cBC87
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    • Layer2: 0xa424Db4D52D8f12Bb0ea4fbe2dEAb6cf7e9cBC87
      • +
    +

    SavourLabs 社区招募区块链开发者

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    目前我们正在在招募 Python, Go, Rust 和 Node 开发工程师，前端开发工程师(Vue 和 React 方向)，产品经理， 视觉设计师和密码学研究员，欢迎有兴趣的朋友联系我们，联系方式如下：

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Rollup \u7ec6\u8282 \u6c47\u603b\u534f\u8bae\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u94fe\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u6e05\u695a\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cRBlocks\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7b2c 2 \u5c42 Nitro \u533a\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 RBlocks \u89c6\u4e3a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u94fe\uff0c\u7531 Arbitrum \u6c47\u603b\u534f\u8bae\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u3002 \u5173\u4e8e\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u94fe\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\uff1anitro/inside-arbitrum-nitro.md at master \u00b7 OffchainLabs/nitro rollup_watcher \u4f1a\u53bb\u76d1\u542c rollup \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a var rollupInitializedID common.Hash var nodeCreatedID common.Hash var challengeCreatedID common.Hash \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u522b\u7531 LookupCreation LookupNode LookupNodeChildren \u548c LookupChallengedNode \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\uff0cL1Validator \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 RollupNode \u5b9a\u4e49 struct Node { // Hash of the state of the chain as of this node bytes32 stateHash; // Hash of the data that can be challenged bytes32 challengeHash; // Hash of the data that will be committed if this node is confirmed bytes32 confirmData; // Index of the node previous to this one uint64 prevNum; // Deadline at which this node can be confirmed uint64 deadlineBlock; // Deadline at which a child of this node can be confirmed uint64 noChildConfirmedBeforeBlock; // Number of stakers staked on this node. This includes real stakers and zombies uint64 stakerCount; // Number of stakers staked on a child node. This includes real stakers and zombies uint64 childStakerCount; // This value starts at zero and is set to a value when the first child is created. After that it is constant until the node is destroyed or the owner destroys pending nodes uint64 firstChildBlock; // The number of the latest child of this node to be created uint64 latestChildNumber; // The block number when this node was created uint64 createdAtBlock; // A hash of all the data needed to determine this node's validity, to protect against reorgs bytes32 nodeHash; } \u53c2\u52a0 rollup \u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u7531 WatchtowerStrategy\uff0cDefensiveStrategy\uff0c StakeLatestStrategy \u548c MakeNodesStrategy \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4d\u4e8e staker.go \u91cc\u9762\uff1a const ( // Watchtower: don't do anything on L1, but log if there's a bad assertion WatchtowerStrategy StakerStrategy = iota // Defensive: stake if there's a bad assertion DefensiveStrategy // Stake latest: stay staked on the latest node, challenging bad assertions StakeLatestStrategy // Make nodes: continually create new nodes, challenging bad assertions MakeNodesStrategy ) Staker start \u4efb\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u4f1a\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u7684 wasm moudle root, \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5982\u4e0b err := s.updateBlockValidatorModuleRoot(ctx) updateBlockValidatorModuleRoot \u91cc\u9762\u4f1a\u53bb\u4ece rollup \u7684\u4e2d\u53d6\u5230 WasmModuleRoot \u66f4\u65b0\u5230 blockValidator \u91cc\u9762\uff0c \u5f53\u7136 l1 validator \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 WasmModuleRoot\uff0c\u5e76\u628a WasmModuleRoot \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 blockValidator \u5f53\u524d\u7684 ModuleRoot\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u83b7\u53d6\u5230 callOpts \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f9b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u542b type CallOpts struct { Pending bool // Whether to operate on the pending state or the last known one From common.Address // Optional the sender address, otherwise the first account is used BlockNumber *big.Int // Optional the block number on which the call should be performed Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout) } \u6e05\u9664\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 func (b *ValidatorTxBuilder) ClearTransactions() { b.transactions = nil } \u4ece rollup \u7684 StakerMap \u91cc\u9762\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u8d28\u62bc\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6311\u6218\u7684\u4fe1\u606f \u4ece validatorUtils \u4e2d\u62ff\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a function latestStaked(IRollupCore rollup, address staker) external view returns (uint64, Node memory) { uint64 num = rollup.latestStakedNode(staker); if (num == 0) { num = rollup.latestConfirmed(); } Node memory node = rollup.getNode(num); return (num, node); } \u5224\u65ad Rblocks \u662f\u5426\u5206\u53c9\uff0cvalidatorUtils.AreUnresolvedNodesLinear -> _ValidatorUtils.contract.Call(opts, &out, \"areUnresolvedNodesLinear\", rollup)\u6700\u7ec8\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad function areUnresolvedNodesLinear(IRollupCore rollup) external view returns (bool) { uint256 end = rollup.latestNodeCreated(); for (uint64 i = rollup.firstUnresolvedNode(); i <= end; i++) { if (i > 0 && rollup.getNode(i).prevNum != i - 1) { return false; } } return true; } \u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u53c9\uff0ceffectiveStrategy\u5c06\u7531 DefensiveStrategy \u5207\u6362\u6210 StakeLatestStrategy\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u6309\u7167 WatchtowerStrategy \u5f80\u4e0b\u6267\u884c \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a nodesLinear, err := s.validatorUtils.AreUnresolvedNodesLinear(callOpts, s.rollupAddress) if err != nil { return nil, err } if !nodesLinear { log.Warn(\"rollup assertion fork detected\") if effectiveStrategy == DefensiveStrategy { effectiveStrategy = StakeLatestStrategy } s.inactiveLastCheckedNode = nil } s.bringActiveUntilNode \u5b58\u50a8\u5e76\u4e14 info.LatestStakedNode < s.bringActiveUntilNode, effectiveStrategy \u4f1a\u7531 DefensiveStrategy \u5207\u6362\u5230 StakeLatestStrategy \u83b7\u53d6 rollup \u94fe\u6700\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u6808 s.rollup.LatestConfirmed(callOpts)->latestConfirmed, \u5408\u7ea6\u51fd\u6570\u7ec6\u8282\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a /// @return Index of the latest confirmed node function latestConfirmed() public view override returns (uint64) { return _latestConfirmed; } \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u505a\u8d28\u62bc\u63d0\u5347, isRequiredStakeElevated\u83b7\u53d6CurrentRequiredStake, \u548c baseStake \u5224\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u505a\u8d28\u62bc\u63d0\u5347\uff0c(\u83b7\u53d6\u73b0\u5728\u7684 stake, \u6700\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165 currentRequiredStake \u51fd\u6570\uff0c baseStake \u8fdb\u5165\u5408\u7ea6\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91) effectiveStrategy \u4e3a MakeNodesStrategy \u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6216\u8005 effectiveStrategy \u4e3a StakeLatestStrategy \u5e76\u4e14 rawInfo(staker \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a nil) \u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f1a\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91 \u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u6311\u6218 resolveTimedOutChallenges, \u8fdb\u5165\u5904\u7406\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u8bf4\u5230 \u5904\u7406 unresolve \u8282\u70b9\uff0c unresolve \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a const ( CONFIRM_TYPE_NONE ConfirmType = iota CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID ) \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5148\u53bb\u83b7\u53d6 confirmType \u548c unresolvedNodeIndex\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8c03\u7528 ValidatorUtils \u91cc\u9762\u7684 checkDecidableNextNode \u51fd\u6570\u548c rollup \u7684 firstUnresolvedNode\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID \u7c7b\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b func (v *L1Validator) resolveNextNode(ctx context.Context, info *StakerInfo, latestConfirmedNode *uint64) (bool, error) { callOpts := v.getCallOpts(ctx) confirmType, err := v.validatorUtils.CheckDecidableNextNode(callOpts, v.rollupAddress) if err != nil { return false, err } unresolvedNodeIndex, err := v.rollup.FirstUnresolvedNode(callOpts) if err != nil { return false, err } switch ConfirmType(confirmType) { case CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID: addr := v.wallet.Address() if info == nil || addr == nil || info.LatestStakedNode <= unresolvedNodeIndex { // We aren't an example of someone staked on a competitor return false, nil } log.Info(\"rejecing node\", \"node\", unresolvedNodeIndex) _, err = v.rollup.RejectNextNode(v.builder.Auth(ctx), *addr) return true, err case CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID: nodeInfo, err := v.rollup.LookupNode(ctx, unresolvedNodeIndex) if err != nil { return false, err } afterGs := nodeInfo.AfterState().GlobalState _, err = v.rollup.ConfirmNextNode(v.builder.Auth(ctx), afterGs.BlockHash, afterGs.SendRoot) if err != nil { return false, err } *latestConfirmedNode = unresolvedNodeIndex return true, nil default: return false, nil } } \u82e5 stakeInfo \u7684\u4e0d\u4e3a nil, \u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 stake \u8282\u70b9\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6700\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u8282\u70b9\uff0ceffectiveStrategy \u4e3a WatchtowerStrategy \u548c DefensiveStrategy\uff0c\u9000\u8fd8\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u6700\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6216\u4e4b\u524d\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u8005\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u5e01\uff0c\u4ece\u6c47\u603b\u94fe\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u672a\u627f\u8bfa\u8d44\u91d1, \u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a s.rollup.ReturnOldDeposit \u548c s.rollup.WithdrawStakerFunds\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613 ExecuteTransactions walletAddressOrZero != (common.Address{})\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u53d6\u56de\u5904\u7406 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81 handleConflict, \u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u56de\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u6311\u6218\u7ec6\u8282 rawInfo != nil || !resolvingNode || !requiredStakeElevated, \u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u62bc\uff0c \u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u903b\u8f91 func (s *Staker) advanceStake(ctx context.Context, info *OurStakerInfo, effectiveStrategy StakerStrategy) error { active := effectiveStrategy >= StakeLatestStrategy action, wrongNodesExist, err := s.generateNodeAction(ctx, info, effectiveStrategy, s.config.MakeAssertionInterval) if err != nil { return err } if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy == WatchtowerStrategy { log.Error(\"found incorrect assertion in watchtower mode\") } if action == nil { info.CanProgress = false return nil } switch action := action.(type) { case createNodeAction: if wrongNodesExist && s.config.DisableChallenge { log.Error(\"refusing to challenge assertion as config disables challenges\") info.CanProgress = false return nil } if !active { if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy >= DefensiveStrategy { log.Warn(\"bringing defensive validator online because of incorrect assertion\") s.bringActiveUntilNode = info.LatestStakedNode + 1 } info.CanProgress = false return nil } // Details are already logged with more details in generateNodeAction info.CanProgress = false info.LatestStakedNode = 0 info.LatestStakedNodeHash = action.hash // We'll return early if we already havea stake if info.StakeExists { _, err = s.rollup.StakeOnNewNode(s.builder.Auth(ctx), action.assertion.AsSolidityStruct(), action.hash, action.prevInboxMaxCount) return err } // If we have no stake yet, we'll put one down stakeAmount, err := s.rollup.CurrentRequiredStake(s.getCallOpts(ctx)) if err != nil { return err } _, err = s.rollup.NewStakeOnNewNode( s.builder.AuthWithAmount(ctx, stakeAmount), action.assertion.AsSolidityStruct(), action.hash, action.prevInboxMaxCount, ) if err != nil { return err } info.StakeExists = true return nil case existingNodeAction: info.LatestStakedNode = action.number info.LatestStakedNodeHash = action.hash if !active { if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy >= DefensiveStrategy { log.Warn(\"bringing defensive validator online because of incorrect assertion\") s.bringActiveUntilNode = action.number info.CanProgress = false } else { s.inactiveLastCheckedNode = &nodeAndHash{ id: action.number, hash: action.hash, } } return nil } log.Info(\"staking on existing node\", \"node\", action.number) // We'll return early if we already havea stake if info.StakeExists { _, err = s.rollup.StakeOnExistingNode(s.builder.Auth(ctx), action.number, action.hash) return err } // If we have no stake yet, we'll put one down stakeAmount, err := s.rollup.CurrentRequiredStake(s.getCallOpts(ctx)) if err != nil { return err } _, err = s.rollup.NewStakeOnExistingNode( s.builder.AuthWithAmount(ctx, stakeAmount), action.number, action.hash, ) if err != nil { return err } info.StakeExists = true return nil default: panic(\"invalid action type\") } } \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1acreateConflict->BuildingTransactionCount->ExecuteTransactions","title":"\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1aArbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u9879\u76ee Rollup \u7ec6\u8282\u6df1\u5165"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/rollup.html#arbitrum-nitro-rollup","text":"\u5173\u4e8e rollup \u5411\u4e00\u5c42\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6211\u4eec \u4e0a\u9762\u6587\u7ae0 \u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u8981\u5256\u6790 rollup \u5408\u7ea6\uff0crollup watcher \u548c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6574\u7406\u3002","title":"Arbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u9879\u76ee Rollup \u7ec6\u8282\u6df1\u5165"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/rollup.html#validator","text":"block_challenge_backend \u548c challenge_manager \u533a\u5757\u6311\u6218\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 block_validator\uff1a\u533a\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u8854\u63a5 arbnode \u548c geth \u7684\u533a\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757 rollup_watcher\uff1arollup \u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005","title":"\u4e00. validator \u5404\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u6790"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/rollup.html#2-rollup","text":"\u6c47\u603b\u534f\u8bae\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u94fe\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u6e05\u695a\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cRBlocks\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7b2c 2 \u5c42 Nitro \u533a\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 RBlocks \u89c6\u4e3a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u94fe\uff0c\u7531 Arbitrum \u6c47\u603b\u534f\u8bae\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u3002 \u5173\u4e8e\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u94fe\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\uff1anitro/inside-arbitrum-nitro.md at master \u00b7 OffchainLabs/nitro rollup_watcher \u4f1a\u53bb\u76d1\u542c rollup \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a var rollupInitializedID common.Hash var nodeCreatedID common.Hash var challengeCreatedID common.Hash \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u522b\u7531 LookupCreation LookupNode LookupNodeChildren \u548c LookupChallengedNode \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\uff0cL1Validator \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 RollupNode \u5b9a\u4e49 struct Node { // Hash of the state of the chain as of this node bytes32 stateHash; // Hash of the data that can be challenged bytes32 challengeHash; // Hash of the data that will be committed if this node is confirmed bytes32 confirmData; // Index of the node previous to this one uint64 prevNum; // Deadline at which this node can be confirmed uint64 deadlineBlock; // Deadline at which a child of this node can be confirmed uint64 noChildConfirmedBeforeBlock; // Number of stakers staked on this node. This includes real stakers and zombies uint64 stakerCount; // Number of stakers staked on a child node. This includes real stakers and zombies uint64 childStakerCount; // This value starts at zero and is set to a value when the first child is created. After that it is constant until the node is destroyed or the owner destroys pending nodes uint64 firstChildBlock; // The number of the latest child of this node to be created uint64 latestChildNumber; // The block number when this node was created uint64 createdAtBlock; // A hash of all the data needed to determine this node's validity, to protect against reorgs bytes32 nodeHash; } \u53c2\u52a0 rollup \u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u7531 WatchtowerStrategy\uff0cDefensiveStrategy\uff0c StakeLatestStrategy \u548c MakeNodesStrategy \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4d\u4e8e staker.go \u91cc\u9762\uff1a const ( // Watchtower: don't do anything on L1, but log if there's a bad assertion WatchtowerStrategy StakerStrategy = iota // Defensive: stake if there's a bad assertion DefensiveStrategy // Stake latest: stay staked on the latest node, challenging bad assertions StakeLatestStrategy // Make nodes: continually create new nodes, challenging bad assertions MakeNodesStrategy ) Staker start \u4efb\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u4f1a\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u533a\u5757\u7684 wasm moudle root, \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5982\u4e0b err := s.updateBlockValidatorModuleRoot(ctx) updateBlockValidatorModuleRoot \u91cc\u9762\u4f1a\u53bb\u4ece rollup \u7684\u4e2d\u53d6\u5230 WasmModuleRoot \u66f4\u65b0\u5230 blockValidator \u91cc\u9762\uff0c \u5f53\u7136 l1 validator \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 WasmModuleRoot\uff0c\u5e76\u628a WasmModuleRoot \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 blockValidator \u5f53\u524d\u7684 ModuleRoot\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u83b7\u53d6\u5230 callOpts \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f9b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u542b type CallOpts struct { Pending bool // Whether to operate on the pending state or the last known one From common.Address // Optional the sender address, otherwise the first account is used BlockNumber *big.Int // Optional the block number on which the call should be performed Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout) } \u6e05\u9664\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 func (b *ValidatorTxBuilder) ClearTransactions() { b.transactions = nil } \u4ece rollup \u7684 StakerMap \u91cc\u9762\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u8d28\u62bc\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6311\u6218\u7684\u4fe1\u606f \u4ece validatorUtils \u4e2d\u62ff\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a function latestStaked(IRollupCore rollup, address staker) external view returns (uint64, Node memory) { uint64 num = rollup.latestStakedNode(staker); if (num == 0) { num = rollup.latestConfirmed(); } Node memory node = rollup.getNode(num); return (num, node); } \u5224\u65ad Rblocks \u662f\u5426\u5206\u53c9\uff0cvalidatorUtils.AreUnresolvedNodesLinear -> _ValidatorUtils.contract.Call(opts, &out, \"areUnresolvedNodesLinear\", rollup)\u6700\u7ec8\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad function areUnresolvedNodesLinear(IRollupCore rollup) external view returns (bool) { uint256 end = rollup.latestNodeCreated(); for (uint64 i = rollup.firstUnresolvedNode(); i <= end; i++) { if (i > 0 && rollup.getNode(i).prevNum != i - 1) { return false; } } return true; } \u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u53c9\uff0ceffectiveStrategy\u5c06\u7531 DefensiveStrategy \u5207\u6362\u6210 StakeLatestStrategy\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u6309\u7167 WatchtowerStrategy \u5f80\u4e0b\u6267\u884c \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a nodesLinear, err := s.validatorUtils.AreUnresolvedNodesLinear(callOpts, s.rollupAddress) if err != nil { return nil, err } if !nodesLinear { log.Warn(\"rollup assertion fork detected\") if effectiveStrategy == DefensiveStrategy { effectiveStrategy = StakeLatestStrategy } s.inactiveLastCheckedNode = nil } s.bringActiveUntilNode \u5b58\u50a8\u5e76\u4e14 info.LatestStakedNode < s.bringActiveUntilNode, effectiveStrategy \u4f1a\u7531 DefensiveStrategy \u5207\u6362\u5230 StakeLatestStrategy \u83b7\u53d6 rollup \u94fe\u6700\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u6808 s.rollup.LatestConfirmed(callOpts)->latestConfirmed, \u5408\u7ea6\u51fd\u6570\u7ec6\u8282\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a /// @return Index of the latest confirmed node function latestConfirmed() public view override returns (uint64) { return _latestConfirmed; } \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u505a\u8d28\u62bc\u63d0\u5347, isRequiredStakeElevated\u83b7\u53d6CurrentRequiredStake, \u548c baseStake \u5224\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u505a\u8d28\u62bc\u63d0\u5347\uff0c(\u83b7\u53d6\u73b0\u5728\u7684 stake, \u6700\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165 currentRequiredStake \u51fd\u6570\uff0c baseStake \u8fdb\u5165\u5408\u7ea6\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91) effectiveStrategy \u4e3a MakeNodesStrategy \u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6216\u8005 effectiveStrategy \u4e3a StakeLatestStrategy \u5e76\u4e14 rawInfo(staker \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a nil) \u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f1a\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91 \u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u6311\u6218 resolveTimedOutChallenges, \u8fdb\u5165\u5904\u7406\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u8bf4\u5230 \u5904\u7406 unresolve \u8282\u70b9\uff0c unresolve \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a const ( CONFIRM_TYPE_NONE ConfirmType = iota CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID ) \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5148\u53bb\u83b7\u53d6 confirmType \u548c unresolvedNodeIndex\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8c03\u7528 ValidatorUtils \u91cc\u9762\u7684 checkDecidableNextNode \u51fd\u6570\u548c rollup \u7684 firstUnresolvedNode\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID \u7c7b\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b func (v *L1Validator) resolveNextNode(ctx context.Context, info *StakerInfo, latestConfirmedNode *uint64) (bool, error) { callOpts := v.getCallOpts(ctx) confirmType, err := v.validatorUtils.CheckDecidableNextNode(callOpts, v.rollupAddress) if err != nil { return false, err } unresolvedNodeIndex, err := v.rollup.FirstUnresolvedNode(callOpts) if err != nil { return false, err } switch ConfirmType(confirmType) { case CONFIRM_TYPE_INVALID: addr := v.wallet.Address() if info == nil || addr == nil || info.LatestStakedNode <= unresolvedNodeIndex { // We aren't an example of someone staked on a competitor return false, nil } log.Info(\"rejecing node\", \"node\", unresolvedNodeIndex) _, err = v.rollup.RejectNextNode(v.builder.Auth(ctx), *addr) return true, err case CONFIRM_TYPE_VALID: nodeInfo, err := v.rollup.LookupNode(ctx, unresolvedNodeIndex) if err != nil { return false, err } afterGs := nodeInfo.AfterState().GlobalState _, err = v.rollup.ConfirmNextNode(v.builder.Auth(ctx), afterGs.BlockHash, afterGs.SendRoot) if err != nil { return false, err } *latestConfirmedNode = unresolvedNodeIndex return true, nil default: return false, nil } } \u82e5 stakeInfo \u7684\u4e0d\u4e3a nil, \u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 stake \u8282\u70b9\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6700\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u8282\u70b9\uff0ceffectiveStrategy \u4e3a WatchtowerStrategy \u548c DefensiveStrategy\uff0c\u9000\u8fd8\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u6700\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6216\u4e4b\u524d\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u8005\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u5e01\uff0c\u4ece\u6c47\u603b\u94fe\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u672a\u627f\u8bfa\u8d44\u91d1, \u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a s.rollup.ReturnOldDeposit \u548c s.rollup.WithdrawStakerFunds\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613 ExecuteTransactions walletAddressOrZero != (common.Address{})\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u53d6\u56de\u5904\u7406 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81 handleConflict, \u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u56de\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u6311\u6218\u7ec6\u8282 rawInfo != nil || !resolvingNode || !requiredStakeElevated, \u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u62bc\uff0c \u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u62bc\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u903b\u8f91 func (s *Staker) advanceStake(ctx context.Context, info *OurStakerInfo, effectiveStrategy StakerStrategy) error { active := effectiveStrategy >= StakeLatestStrategy action, wrongNodesExist, err := s.generateNodeAction(ctx, info, effectiveStrategy, s.config.MakeAssertionInterval) if err != nil { return err } if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy == WatchtowerStrategy { log.Error(\"found incorrect assertion in watchtower mode\") } if action == nil { info.CanProgress = false return nil } switch action := action.(type) { case createNodeAction: if wrongNodesExist && s.config.DisableChallenge { log.Error(\"refusing to challenge assertion as config disables challenges\") info.CanProgress = false return nil } if !active { if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy >= DefensiveStrategy { log.Warn(\"bringing defensive validator online because of incorrect assertion\") s.bringActiveUntilNode = info.LatestStakedNode + 1 } info.CanProgress = false return nil } // Details are already logged with more details in generateNodeAction info.CanProgress = false info.LatestStakedNode = 0 info.LatestStakedNodeHash = action.hash // We'll return early if we already havea stake if info.StakeExists { _, err = s.rollup.StakeOnNewNode(s.builder.Auth(ctx), action.assertion.AsSolidityStruct(), action.hash, action.prevInboxMaxCount) return err } // If we have no stake yet, we'll put one down stakeAmount, err := s.rollup.CurrentRequiredStake(s.getCallOpts(ctx)) if err != nil { return err } _, err = s.rollup.NewStakeOnNewNode( s.builder.AuthWithAmount(ctx, stakeAmount), action.assertion.AsSolidityStruct(), action.hash, action.prevInboxMaxCount, ) if err != nil { return err } info.StakeExists = true return nil case existingNodeAction: info.LatestStakedNode = action.number info.LatestStakedNodeHash = action.hash if !active { if wrongNodesExist && effectiveStrategy >= DefensiveStrategy { log.Warn(\"bringing defensive validator online because of incorrect assertion\") s.bringActiveUntilNode = action.number info.CanProgress = false } else { s.inactiveLastCheckedNode = &nodeAndHash{ id: action.number, hash: action.hash, } } return nil } log.Info(\"staking on existing node\", \"node\", action.number) // We'll return early if we already havea stake if info.StakeExists { _, err = s.rollup.StakeOnExistingNode(s.builder.Auth(ctx), action.number, action.hash) return err } // If we have no stake yet, we'll put one down stakeAmount, err := s.rollup.CurrentRequiredStake(s.getCallOpts(ctx)) if err != nil { return err } _, err = s.rollup.NewStakeOnExistingNode( s.builder.AuthWithAmount(ctx, stakeAmount), action.number, action.hash, ) if err != nil { return err } info.StakeExists = true return nil default: panic(\"invalid action type\") } } \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1acreateConflict->BuildingTransactionCount->ExecuteTransactions","title":"\u4e8c. 2. Rollup \u7ec6\u8282"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/setup.html","text":"Arbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e ETH/ERC20 \u5145\u63d0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6559\u7a0b \u4e00. \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u542f\u52a8 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u514b\u9686 nitro \u4ee3\u7801 git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro.git \u5b89\u88c5\u5b50\u6a21\u5757 git submodule init git submodule update \u542f\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5 ./test-node.bash \u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u9879 force_build=true \u662f\u5426\u5f3a\u5236 build validate=true \u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8 validate blockscout=false \u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8 blockscout \u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u62a5\u9519\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u8bf7\u628a force_init \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 true \u5c31\u884c. \u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u955c\u50cf(\u6211\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u52a8 blockscout)\uff1a bj89182ml@192 nitro % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9b4d301838ea nitro_validator \"/usr/local/bin/nitr\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8247->8547/tcp, 127.0.0.1:8248->8548/tcp nitro_validator_1 00e897625661 nitro_sequencer \"/usr/local/bin/nitr\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8547-8548->8547-8548/tcp, 127.0.0.1:9642->9642/tcp nitro_sequencer_1 393399b921f0 nitro_poster \"/usr/local/bin/nitr\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8147->8547/tcp, 127.0.0.1:8148->8548/tcp nitro_poster_1 f0898fa127be redis:6.2.6 \"docker-entrypoint.s\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:6379->6379/tcp nitro_redis_1 d2fc2ca998a3 ethereum/client-go:stable \"geth --keystore /ke\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8545-8546->8545-8546/tcp, 127.0.0.1:30303->30303/tcp, 30303/udp nitro_geth_1 \u4e8c. ETH \u6d4b\u8bd5 \u4f7f\u7528 arbitrum-sdk \u914d\u7f6e\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc \u514b\u9686\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-sdk.git \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a yarn install \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a ARB_URL=\"http://localhost:8547\" ETH_URL=\"http://localhost:8545\" ARB_KEY=\"e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2\" ETH_KEY=\"e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2\" #INFURA_KEY=\"2323232323232323232\" #SHOULD_FORK=\"\" #MAINNET_RPC=\"https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/2323\" #ARB_ONE_RPC=\"https://arb1.arbitrum.io/rpc\" #RINKEBY_RPC=\"https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/232323\" #RINKARBY_RPC=\"https://rinkeby.arbitrum.io/rpc\" \u83b7\u53d6\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e yarn gen:network \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u5230 arbitrum-tutorials \u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 1. Deposit \u514b\u9686\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-tutorials.git cd arbitrum-tutorials/packages/eth-deposit yarn install \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf # This is a sample .env file for use in local development. # Duplicate this file as .env here # Your Private key DEVNET_PRIVKEY=\"e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2\" # Hosted Aggregator Node (JSON-RPC Endpoint). This is Arbitrum Goerli Testnet, can use any Arbitrum chain L2RPC=\"http://127.0.0.1:8547\" # Ethereum RPC; i.e., for Goerli https://goerli.infura.io/v3/ L1RPC=\"http://127.0.0.1:8545\" \u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 sdk \u91cc\u9762\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d arbitrum-tutorials/packages/eth-deposit/scripts/exec.js await arbLog('Deposit Eth via Arbitrum SDK') await addCustomNetwork({ customL1Network: { blockTime: 10, chainID: 1337, explorerUrl: '', isCustom: true, name: 'EthLocal', partnerChainIDs: [412346], rpcURL: 'http://localhost:8545', }, customL2Network: { chainID: 412346, confirmPeriodBlocks: 20, ethBridge: { bridge: '0x1702782edb6c1a0a20a4cf81bf7159005c7717c4', inbox: '0xa24b6c27d7e12a53f951f1e3f964f02a50acb700', outbox: '0xb6bE947DCA31b096Dc1041aC30e806A6F13Bf871', rollup: '0xcc0f356cbeded5db896f8905e856366510aba533', sequencerInbox: '0x33c04c208c6a8e644a33e104f0baaf3d48345396', }, explorerUrl: '', isArbitrum: true, isCustom: true, name: 'ArbLocal', partnerChainID: 1337, rpcURL: 'http://localhost:8547', retryableLifetimeSeconds: 604800, tokenBridge: { l1CustomGateway: '0xacd66ABF571E20aaB88c45dEA436E1F34ed97f79', l1ERC20Gateway: '0x99FF57ee073255f26669D703697bca8DDc797d98', l1GatewayRouter: '0x508A0F1EFAA8664e3c85BC57eC52433DEC682fa1', l1MultiCall: '0xC6f7A186231F4f541Ab9FA1cc3092Fae0CBCA815', l1ProxyAdmin: '0x1Ffb0bCa2F62290fd9E237F1bD4969A513B28195', l1Weth: '0xC6f7A186231F4f541Ab9FA1cc3092Fae0CBCA815', l1WethGateway: '0x28B3a95f8e6508dc2C0097Ac543C8B2eFff21bF9', l2CustomGateway: '0xF0B003F9247f2DC0e874710eD55e55f8C63B14a3', l2ERC20Gateway: '0x78a6dC8D17027992230c112432E42EC3d6838d74', l2GatewayRouter: '0x7b650845242a96595f3a9766D4e8e5ab0887936A', l2Multicall: '0x9b890cA9dE3D317b165afA7DFb8C65f2e4c95C20', l2ProxyAdmin: '0x7F85fB7f42A0c0D40431cc0f7DFDf88be6495e67', l2Weth: '0x36BeF5fD671f2aA8686023dE4797A7dae3082D5F', l2WethGateway: '0x2E76efCC2518CB801E5340d5f140B1c1911b4F4B', }, }, }) const l2Network = await getL2Network(l2Provider) const ethBridger = new EthBridger(l2Network) \u6267\u884c\u5145\u503c\u547d\u4ee4 yarn run depositETH \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Deposit Eth via Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f l2Wallet = 0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c l2WalletInitialEthBalance = BigNumber { _hex: '0x1565edfa392c81df50e0', _isBigNumber: true } deposit L1 receipt is: 0xac1b9d790004dba342bbcd97a9c0e8f59e84b1c987203f16eb28d67cf50c5892 Now we wait for L2 side of the transaction to be executed \u23f3 L2 message successful: status: undefined your L2 ETH balance is updated from 101049965373101701026016 to 101059965373101701026016 \u2728 Done in 34.99s. 2 Withdraw \u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u63d0\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 cd packages/eth-withdraw yarn install \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c yarn run withdrawETH \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run withdrawETH yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Withdraw Eth via Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Wallet properly funded: initiating withdrawal now Ether withdrawal initiated! \ud83e\udd73 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a Withdrawal data: [ [ '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', BigNumber { _hex: '0x88b79364b9c67a6821a96c885a742e95d81baa87a47365305d9b505a1b1b06a2', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x03', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x32', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x7add', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x63232a78', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0xe8d4a51000', _isBigNumber: true }, '0x', caller: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', destination: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', hash: BigNumber { _hex: '0x88b79364b9c67a6821a96c885a742e95d81baa87a47365305d9b505a1b1b06a2', _isBigNumber: true }, position: BigNumber { _hex: '0x03', _isBigNumber: true }, arbBlockNum: BigNumber { _hex: '0x32', _isBigNumber: true }, ethBlockNum: BigNumber { _hex: '0x7add', _isBigNumber: true }, timestamp: BigNumber { _hex: '0x63232a78', _isBigNumber: true }, callvalue: BigNumber { _hex: '0xe8d4a51000', _isBigNumber: true }, data: '0x' ] ] To to claim funds (after dispute period), see outbox-execute repo \u270c\ufe0f \u2728 Done in 9.71s. Cliam Withdraw \u8fdb\u884c\u5165 outbox-execute \u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 cd packages/outbox-execute yarn install \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c yarn run withdrawETH \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 yarn outbox-exec --txhash 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a \u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat outbox-exec --txhash 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Outbox Execution Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Waiting for the outbox entry to be created. This only happens when the L2 block is confirmed on L1, ~1 week after it's creation. \u5df2\u7ecf cliam \u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Waiting for the outbox entry to be created. This only happens when the L2 block is confirmed on L1, ~1 week after it's creation. Outbox entry exists! Trying to execute now Done! Your transaction is executed { to: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6', from: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', contractAddress: null, transactionIndex: 0, gasUsed: BigNumber { _hex: '0x014837', _isBigNumber: true }, logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000008000000000020000400000000020000100000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000010000000000000040000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000020008008000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000', blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1', transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', logs: [ { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6', topics: [Array], data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002', logIndex: 0, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1' }, { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0x1702782EDb6C1A0a20A4cF81BF7159005C7717c4', topics: [Array], data: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e8d4a5100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', logIndex: 1, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1' } ], blockNumber: 31668, confirmations: 3, cumulativeGasUsed: BigNumber { _hex: '0x014837', _isBigNumber: true }, effectiveGasPrice: BigNumber { _hex: '0x59682f07', _isBigNumber: true }, status: 1, type: 2, byzantium: true, events: [ { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6', topics: [Array], data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002', logIndex: 0, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1', args: [Array], decode: [Function (anonymous)], event: 'OutBoxTransactionExecuted', eventSignature: 'OutBoxTransactionExecuted(address,address,uint256,uint256)', removeListener: [Function (anonymous)], getBlock: [Function (anonymous)], getTransaction: [Function (anonymous)], getTransactionReceipt: [Function (anonymous)] }, { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0x1702782EDb6C1A0a20A4cF81BF7159005C7717c4', topics: [Array], data: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e8d4a5100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', logIndex: 1, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1', removeListener: [Function (anonymous)], getBlock: [Function (anonymous)], getTransaction: [Function (anonymous)], getTransactionReceipt: [Function (anonymous)] } ] } \u2728 Done in 12.83s. \u4e8c. ERC20 \u6d4b\u8bd5 erc20 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f token-deposit \u548c token-withdraw \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u81f4 1. Deposit yarn run token-deposit \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b, \u4f1a\u8f6c 0.5 DAPP Token \u5230 L2\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Deposit token using Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Deploying the test DappToken to L1: DappToken is deployed to L1 at 0x3A85e361917180567F6a0fb8c68B2b5065126aCA Approving: You successfully allowed the Arbitrum Bridge to spend DappToken 0xd62f25efb8d37f84c292cd0ed547c13a5fc97b14fe0ca8d64635f9eb06ceafff L2 message successful: status: REDEEMED l2TokenAddress= 0xe48d6eD6aCE60A5C69425a5EDDa46c7CbacD7cFf Duplicate definition of Transfer (Transfer(address,address,uint256,bytes), Transfer(address,address,uint256)) Withdraw \u6267\u884c\u63d0\u73b0\u547d\u4ee4 yarn withdraw-token \u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing \"SPDX-License-Identifier: \" to each source file. Use \"SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED\" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information. --> contracts/DappToken.sol Warning: Visibility for constructor is ignored. If you want the contract to be non-deployable, making it \"abstract\" is sufficient. --> contracts/DappToken.sol:23:5: | 23 | constructor(uint256 _initialSupply) public { | ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines). Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Withdraw token using Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f \ud83d\ude80 Deploying the test DappToken to L1: DappToken is deployed to L1 at 0x878E8Cc740C493Ad951dDAaceFF9a9D9f6F41413 Approving: You successfully allowed the Arbitrum Bridge to spend DappToken 0xa0f8c4f0b8ee441052b7f25fd7060da8ec6a4ec4501309152679145ba7667111 Transferring DappToken to L2: Deposit initiated: waiting for L2 retryable (takes < 10 minutes; current time: 21:45:01 GMT+0800 (\u4e2d\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4)) Setup complete L2 message successful: status: REDEEMED Withdrawing: Token withdrawal initiated! \ud83e\udd73 0x878d8f0f78b4c397c77068be68fb05ed006724e40884b8560ef62660bd376363 Duplicate definition of Transfer (Transfer(address,address,uint256,bytes), Transfer(address,address,uint256)) To to claim funds (after dispute period), see outbox-execute repo \u270c\ufe0f \u2728 Done in 48.55s. Cliam withdraw \u548c ETH \u7684 Cliam \u7c7b\u4f3c \u56db. \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u76ee arbitrum-tutorials\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u8003\uff1a https://github.com/guoshijiang/arbitrum-tutorials","title":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1aArbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e ETH/ERC20 \u5145\u63d0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6559\u7a0b"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/setup.html#arbitrum-nitro-etherc20","text":"","title":"Arbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e ETH/ERC20 \u5145\u63d0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6559\u7a0b"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/setup.html#_1","text":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u514b\u9686 nitro \u4ee3\u7801 git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro.git \u5b89\u88c5\u5b50\u6a21\u5757 git submodule init git submodule update \u542f\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5 ./test-node.bash \u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u9879 force_build=true \u662f\u5426\u5f3a\u5236 build validate=true \u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8 validate blockscout=false \u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8 blockscout \u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u62a5\u9519\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u8bf7\u628a force_init \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 true \u5c31\u884c. \u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u955c\u50cf(\u6211\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u52a8 blockscout)\uff1a bj89182ml@192 nitro % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9b4d301838ea nitro_validator \"/usr/local/bin/nitr\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8247->8547/tcp, 127.0.0.1:8248->8548/tcp nitro_validator_1 00e897625661 nitro_sequencer \"/usr/local/bin/nitr\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8547-8548->8547-8548/tcp, 127.0.0.1:9642->9642/tcp nitro_sequencer_1 393399b921f0 nitro_poster \"/usr/local/bin/nitr\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8147->8547/tcp, 127.0.0.1:8148->8548/tcp nitro_poster_1 f0898fa127be redis:6.2.6 \"docker-entrypoint.s\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:6379->6379/tcp nitro_redis_1 d2fc2ca998a3 ethereum/client-go:stable \"geth --keystore /ke\u2026\" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours 127.0.0.1:8545-8546->8545-8546/tcp, 127.0.0.1:30303->30303/tcp, 30303/udp nitro_geth_1","title":"\u4e00. \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u542f\u52a8"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/setup.html#eth","text":"\u4f7f\u7528 arbitrum-sdk \u914d\u7f6e\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc \u514b\u9686\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-sdk.git \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a yarn install \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a ARB_URL=\"http://localhost:8547\" ETH_URL=\"http://localhost:8545\" ARB_KEY=\"e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2\" ETH_KEY=\"e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2\" #INFURA_KEY=\"2323232323232323232\" #SHOULD_FORK=\"\" #MAINNET_RPC=\"https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/2323\" #ARB_ONE_RPC=\"https://arb1.arbitrum.io/rpc\" #RINKEBY_RPC=\"https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/232323\" #RINKARBY_RPC=\"https://rinkeby.arbitrum.io/rpc\" \u83b7\u53d6\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e yarn gen:network \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u5230 arbitrum-tutorials \u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 1. Deposit \u514b\u9686\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 git clone https://github.com/OffchainLabs/arbitrum-tutorials.git cd arbitrum-tutorials/packages/eth-deposit yarn install \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf # This is a sample .env file for use in local development. # Duplicate this file as .env here # Your Private key DEVNET_PRIVKEY=\"e887f7d17d07cc7b8004053fb8826f6657084e88904bb61590e498ca04704cf2\" # Hosted Aggregator Node (JSON-RPC Endpoint). This is Arbitrum Goerli Testnet, can use any Arbitrum chain L2RPC=\"http://127.0.0.1:8547\" # Ethereum RPC; i.e., for Goerli https://goerli.infura.io/v3/ L1RPC=\"http://127.0.0.1:8545\" \u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 sdk \u91cc\u9762\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d arbitrum-tutorials/packages/eth-deposit/scripts/exec.js await arbLog('Deposit Eth via Arbitrum SDK') await addCustomNetwork({ customL1Network: { blockTime: 10, chainID: 1337, explorerUrl: '', isCustom: true, name: 'EthLocal', partnerChainIDs: [412346], rpcURL: 'http://localhost:8545', }, customL2Network: { chainID: 412346, confirmPeriodBlocks: 20, ethBridge: { bridge: '0x1702782edb6c1a0a20a4cf81bf7159005c7717c4', inbox: '0xa24b6c27d7e12a53f951f1e3f964f02a50acb700', outbox: '0xb6bE947DCA31b096Dc1041aC30e806A6F13Bf871', rollup: '0xcc0f356cbeded5db896f8905e856366510aba533', sequencerInbox: '0x33c04c208c6a8e644a33e104f0baaf3d48345396', }, explorerUrl: '', isArbitrum: true, isCustom: true, name: 'ArbLocal', partnerChainID: 1337, rpcURL: 'http://localhost:8547', retryableLifetimeSeconds: 604800, tokenBridge: { l1CustomGateway: '0xacd66ABF571E20aaB88c45dEA436E1F34ed97f79', l1ERC20Gateway: '0x99FF57ee073255f26669D703697bca8DDc797d98', l1GatewayRouter: '0x508A0F1EFAA8664e3c85BC57eC52433DEC682fa1', l1MultiCall: '0xC6f7A186231F4f541Ab9FA1cc3092Fae0CBCA815', l1ProxyAdmin: '0x1Ffb0bCa2F62290fd9E237F1bD4969A513B28195', l1Weth: '0xC6f7A186231F4f541Ab9FA1cc3092Fae0CBCA815', l1WethGateway: '0x28B3a95f8e6508dc2C0097Ac543C8B2eFff21bF9', l2CustomGateway: '0xF0B003F9247f2DC0e874710eD55e55f8C63B14a3', l2ERC20Gateway: '0x78a6dC8D17027992230c112432E42EC3d6838d74', l2GatewayRouter: '0x7b650845242a96595f3a9766D4e8e5ab0887936A', l2Multicall: '0x9b890cA9dE3D317b165afA7DFb8C65f2e4c95C20', l2ProxyAdmin: '0x7F85fB7f42A0c0D40431cc0f7DFDf88be6495e67', l2Weth: '0x36BeF5fD671f2aA8686023dE4797A7dae3082D5F', l2WethGateway: '0x2E76efCC2518CB801E5340d5f140B1c1911b4F4B', }, }, }) const l2Network = await getL2Network(l2Provider) const ethBridger = new EthBridger(l2Network) \u6267\u884c\u5145\u503c\u547d\u4ee4 yarn run depositETH \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Deposit Eth via Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f l2Wallet = 0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c l2WalletInitialEthBalance = BigNumber { _hex: '0x1565edfa392c81df50e0', _isBigNumber: true } deposit L1 receipt is: 0xac1b9d790004dba342bbcd97a9c0e8f59e84b1c987203f16eb28d67cf50c5892 Now we wait for L2 side of the transaction to be executed \u23f3 L2 message successful: status: undefined your L2 ETH balance is updated from 101049965373101701026016 to 101059965373101701026016 \u2728 Done in 34.99s. 2 Withdraw \u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u63d0\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 cd packages/eth-withdraw yarn install \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c yarn run withdrawETH \u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run withdrawETH yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Withdraw Eth via Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Wallet properly funded: initiating withdrawal now Ether withdrawal initiated! \ud83e\udd73 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a Withdrawal data: [ [ '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', BigNumber { _hex: '0x88b79364b9c67a6821a96c885a742e95d81baa87a47365305d9b505a1b1b06a2', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x03', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x32', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x7add', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0x63232a78', _isBigNumber: true }, BigNumber { _hex: '0xe8d4a51000', _isBigNumber: true }, '0x', caller: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', destination: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', hash: BigNumber { _hex: '0x88b79364b9c67a6821a96c885a742e95d81baa87a47365305d9b505a1b1b06a2', _isBigNumber: true }, position: BigNumber { _hex: '0x03', _isBigNumber: true }, arbBlockNum: BigNumber { _hex: '0x32', _isBigNumber: true }, ethBlockNum: BigNumber { _hex: '0x7add', _isBigNumber: true }, timestamp: BigNumber { _hex: '0x63232a78', _isBigNumber: true }, callvalue: BigNumber { _hex: '0xe8d4a51000', _isBigNumber: true }, data: '0x' ] ] To to claim funds (after dispute period), see outbox-execute repo \u270c\ufe0f \u2728 Done in 9.71s. Cliam Withdraw \u8fdb\u884c\u5165 outbox-execute \u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 cd packages/outbox-execute yarn install \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c yarn run withdrawETH \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 yarn outbox-exec --txhash 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a \u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat outbox-exec --txhash 0x2ee2a85461f3303be2d769a35163ebc4048535545dab6064e27e9ee7fac5862a Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Outbox Execution Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Waiting for the outbox entry to be created. This only happens when the L2 block is confirmed on L1, ~1 week after it's creation. \u5df2\u7ecf cliam \u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Waiting for the outbox entry to be created. This only happens when the L2 block is confirmed on L1, ~1 week after it's creation. Outbox entry exists! Trying to execute now Done! Your transaction is executed { to: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6', from: '0x683642c22feDE752415D4793832Ab75EFdF6223c', contractAddress: null, transactionIndex: 0, gasUsed: BigNumber { _hex: '0x014837', _isBigNumber: true }, logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000008000000000020000400000000020000100000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000010000000000000040000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000020008008000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000', blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1', transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', logs: [ { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6', topics: [Array], data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002', logIndex: 0, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1' }, { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0x1702782EDb6C1A0a20A4cF81BF7159005C7717c4', topics: [Array], data: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e8d4a5100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', logIndex: 1, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1' } ], blockNumber: 31668, confirmations: 3, cumulativeGasUsed: BigNumber { _hex: '0x014837', _isBigNumber: true }, effectiveGasPrice: BigNumber { _hex: '0x59682f07', _isBigNumber: true }, status: 1, type: 2, byzantium: true, events: [ { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0xFfA9084d0527FA89EbB4e917F936565aa7Bf95F6', topics: [Array], data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002', logIndex: 0, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1', args: [Array], decode: [Function (anonymous)], event: 'OutBoxTransactionExecuted', eventSignature: 'OutBoxTransactionExecuted(address,address,uint256,uint256)', removeListener: [Function (anonymous)], getBlock: [Function (anonymous)], getTransaction: [Function (anonymous)], getTransactionReceipt: [Function (anonymous)] }, { transactionIndex: 0, blockNumber: 31668, transactionHash: '0x34401cff2b5262a480e481871cbbd8b6e61cb2807701c2be9cb24daad171f832', address: '0x1702782EDb6C1A0a20A4cF81BF7159005C7717c4', topics: [Array], data: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e8d4a5100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', logIndex: 1, blockHash: '0xc27029955f16233ed53d0405f7a5ef5609b62e2b80e3bb2784b758139dd6e4a1', removeListener: [Function (anonymous)], getBlock: [Function (anonymous)], getTransaction: [Function (anonymous)], getTransactionReceipt: [Function (anonymous)] } ] } \u2728 Done in 12.83s.","title":"\u4e8c. ETH \u6d4b\u8bd5"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/setup.html#erc20","text":"erc20 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f token-deposit \u548c token-withdraw \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u81f4 1. Deposit yarn run token-deposit \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b, \u4f1a\u8f6c 0.5 DAPP Token \u5230 L2\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Deposit token using Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f ...\ud83d\ude80 Deploying the test DappToken to L1: DappToken is deployed to L1 at 0x3A85e361917180567F6a0fb8c68B2b5065126aCA Approving: You successfully allowed the Arbitrum Bridge to spend DappToken 0xd62f25efb8d37f84c292cd0ed547c13a5fc97b14fe0ca8d64635f9eb06ceafff L2 message successful: status: REDEEMED l2TokenAddress= 0xe48d6eD6aCE60A5C69425a5EDDa46c7CbacD7cFf Duplicate definition of Transfer (Transfer(address,address,uint256,bytes), Transfer(address,address,uint256)) Withdraw \u6267\u884c\u63d0\u73b0\u547d\u4ee4 yarn withdraw-token \u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a yarn run v1.22.17 $ hardhat run scripts/exec.js Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing \"SPDX-License-Identifier: \" to each source file. Use \"SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED\" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information. --> contracts/DappToken.sol Warning: Visibility for constructor is ignored. If you want the contract to be non-deployable, making it \"abstract\" is sufficient. --> contracts/DappToken.sol:23:5: | 23 | constructor(uint256 _initialSupply) public { | ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines). Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully Environmental variables properly set \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35\ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 \ud83d\udd35 Arbitrum Demo: Withdraw token using Arbitrum SDK Lets Go \u27a1\ufe0f \ud83d\ude80 Deploying the test DappToken to L1: DappToken is deployed to L1 at 0x878E8Cc740C493Ad951dDAaceFF9a9D9f6F41413 Approving: You successfully allowed the Arbitrum Bridge to spend DappToken 0xa0f8c4f0b8ee441052b7f25fd7060da8ec6a4ec4501309152679145ba7667111 Transferring DappToken to L2: Deposit initiated: waiting for L2 retryable (takes < 10 minutes; current time: 21:45:01 GMT+0800 (\u4e2d\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4)) Setup complete L2 message successful: status: REDEEMED Withdrawing: Token withdrawal initiated! \ud83e\udd73 0x878d8f0f78b4c397c77068be68fb05ed006724e40884b8560ef62660bd376363 Duplicate definition of Transfer (Transfer(address,address,uint256,bytes), Transfer(address,address,uint256)) To to claim funds (after dispute period), see outbox-execute repo \u270c\ufe0f \u2728 Done in 48.55s. Cliam withdraw \u548c ETH \u7684 Cliam \u7c7b\u4f3c","title":"\u4e8c. ERC20 \u6d4b\u8bd5"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/setup.html#_2","text":"arbitrum-tutorials\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u8003\uff1a https://github.com/guoshijiang/arbitrum-tutorials","title":"\u56db. \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u76ee"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html","text":"Arbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u9879\u76ee\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u6e90\u7801\u89e3\u6790 \u4e00. \u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u8282 1 \u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72 \u5728\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u5148\u53bb\u90e8\u7f72 L1 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0cL2 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u662f\u9884\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u90e8\u5206\u6709 solidity \u6765\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u7531 go \u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 go \u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a precompiles \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a /nitro/contracts/src/precompiles \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 2.1 L1 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72 \u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72\u4ee3\u7801\u5165\u53e3\u4e3a /nitro/cmd/deploy/deploy.go , \u8c03\u7528\u94fe\uff1a arbnode.DeployOnL1 -> deployRollupCreator -> deployBridgeCreator deployChallengeFactory DeployRollupAdminLogic DeployRollupUserLogic \u7b49 \u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b deployPtr, err := arbnode.DeployOnL1( ctx, l1client, l1TransactionOpts, sequencerAddress, *authorizevalidators, headerReaderConfig, machineConfig, arbnode.GenerateRollupConfig(*prod, common.HexToHash(*wasmmoduleroot), ownerAddress, l2ChainId, loserEscrowAddress), ) rollupCreator, rollupCreatorAddress, validatorUtils, validatorWalletCreator, err := deployRollupCreator(ctx, l1Reader, deployAuth) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf(\"error deploying rollup creator: %w\", err) } func deployRollupCreator(ctx context.Context, l1Reader *headerreader.HeaderReader, auth *bind.TransactOpts) (*rollupgen.RollupCreator, common.Address, common.Address, common.Address, error) { bridgeCreator, err := deployBridgeCreator(ctx, l1Reader, auth) if err != nil { return nil, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, err } ospEntryAddr, challengeManagerAddr, err := deployChallengeFactory(ctx, l1Reader, auth) if err != nil { return nil, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, err } ...... 1.2 L2 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72 \u9884\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6, \u6267\u884c docker exec nitro_sequencer_1 cat /config/deployment.json \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u53bb\u90e8\u7f72\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u7ea6, \u90e8\u7f72\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u5982\u4e0b: { \"l1Network\": { \"blockTime\": 10, \"chainID\": 1337, \"explorerUrl\": \"\", \"isCustom\": true, \"name\": \"EthLocal\", \"partnerChainIDs\": [ 412346, 412346 ], \"rpcURL\": \"http://localhost:8545\" }, \"l2Network\": { \"chainID\": 412346, \"confirmPeriodBlocks\": 20, \"ethBridge\": { \"bridge\": \"0x815b0ce130aa4c1db18ba0c4c92fcfbf6062ab08\", \"inbox\": \"0x07061a11d42da58c7bd08ddbf4ef6e60232ba966\", \"outbox\": \"0xE7098C657B3Ee7c92939f20A4E308efCdd656163\", \"rollup\": \"0x532016aa3f129f35214559723aa7a0faa435f7ce\", \"sequencerInbox\": \"0xda7b4b25cac35e41f62cf79744b7e4d50f177b64\" }, \"explorerUrl\": \"\", \"isArbitrum\": true, \"isCustom\": true, \"name\": \"ArbLocal\", \"partnerChainID\": 1337, \"rpcURL\": \"http://localhost:8547\", \"retryableLifetimeSeconds\": 604800, \"depositTimeout\": 900000, \"tokenBridge\": { \"l1CustomGateway\": \"0xDe67138B609Fbca38FcC2673Bbc5E33d26C5B584\", \"l1ERC20Gateway\": \"0x0Bdb0992B3872DF911260BfB60D72607eb22d5d4\", \"l1GatewayRouter\": \"0x4535771b8D5C43100f126EdACfEc7eb60d391312\", \"l1MultiCall\": \"0x36BeF5fD671f2aA8686023dE4797A7dae3082D5F\", \"l1ProxyAdmin\": \"0xF7818cd5f5Dc379965fD1C66b36C0C4D788E7cDB\", \"l1Weth\": \"0x24067223381F042fF36fb87818196dB4D2C56E9B\", \"l1WethGateway\": \"0xBa3d12E370a4b592AAF0CA1EF09971D196c27aAd\", \"l2CustomGateway\": \"0x0Bdb0992B3872DF911260BfB60D72607eb22d5d4\", \"l2ERC20Gateway\": \"0x4535771b8D5C43100f126EdACfEc7eb60d391312\", \"l2GatewayRouter\": \"0xF7818cd5f5Dc379965fD1C66b36C0C4D788E7cDB\", \"l2Multicall\": \"0x14a00f381A870878Ae6A055C656520FF2Cbff985\", \"l2ProxyAdmin\": \"0x8c366Cfd28bC93729e14Da4fcf94d20862A7f266\", \"l2Weth\": \"0x9b890cA9dE3D317b165afA7DFb8C65f2e4c95C20\", \"l2WethGateway\": \"0xDe67138B609Fbca38FcC2673Bbc5E33d26C5B584\" } } } \u6e29\u99a8\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5efa\u8bae\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b make contract\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5408\u7ea6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 go \u8c03\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u5728 nitro/solgen \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002 2. \u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b \u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u56db\u4e2a Json \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206 validator , sequencer \u548c poster , \u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e3a unsafe_staker_config , validator_config.json , sequencer_config \u548c poster_config \uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u5404\u81ea\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u751f\u6210deployment.json \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u6237\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\uff1b\u6587\u4ef6\u7531 testnode-scripts \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a docker \u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u9a71\u4f7f\u8be5\u955c\u50cf\u53bb\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c testnode-scripts \u4e0b\u9762\u7684 ethcommands.ts \u4f1a\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c 3 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0cL1<->L2, L2 \u548c L2 \u81ea\u5df1\u8f6c\u8d26\u3002\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5e03 L1->L2, L2->L \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c docker exec nitro_sequencer_1 cat /config/deployment.json \u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u3002 3. L2 \u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 L2 \u590d\u7528\u4e86 geth \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u548c ETH \u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 SendTransaction \u548c SendRawTransaction \u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u5230 SubmitTransaction, \u901a\u8fc7 b.SendTx(ctx, tx) func (a *APIBackend) SendTx(ctx context.Context, signedTx *types.Transaction) error { return a.b.EnqueueL2Message(ctx, signedTx) } \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165 b.arb.PublishTransaction(ctx, tx) , \u5728 PublishTransaction \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e86 ArbInterface PublishTransaction -> TxPreChecker PublishTransaction -> Sequencer PublishTransaction PreCheckTx : \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884cgas, Nonce, balance \u7b49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u5230 Sequencer PublishTransaction \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u8fd8\u9700\u8981 rollup \u5230\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u4e48 rollup \u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Rollup \u7531BatchPoster \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 L2 \u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a arbnode: Start() -> BatchPoster.Start -> b.maybePostSequencerBatch(ctx, batchSeqNum) -> b.inboxContract.AddSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin -> l1Reader.Client().SendTransaction(ctx, tx) BatchPoster \u56de\u53bb\u7ec4\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684 RollUp \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 SendTransaction \u53d1\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u628a\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u5c42\u3002 4. L1->L2 \u4ea4\u6613 4.1 \u6982\u8ff0 \u7b80\u5355\u7684 Eth \u5145\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u5373\uff0c\u5c06 Eth \u4ece L1 \u53d1\u9001\u5230 L2\u3002Eth \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528Inbox\u7684depositEth\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b58\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c L1 \u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u662f EOA\uff0c\u5219 Eth \u5c06\u5b58\u5165 L2 \u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u7684 EOA \u5730\u5740\uff1bL1 \u8c03\u7528\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u5c06\u5b58\u5165\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u522b\u540d\u5730\u5740\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06 Eth viadepositEth\u5b58\u5165 L2 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u56de\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u7968\u636e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u5165\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff1b\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 eth-deposit \u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728 L2 \u4fa7\u89e6\u53d1\u56de\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u867d\u7136 Retryables \u548c Eth \u5b58\u6b3e\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u786e\u4fdd Arbitrum \u94fe\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba1\u67e5\u963b\u529b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f Sequencer \u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\uff08\u53c2\u89c1The Sequencer and Censorship Resistance\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a/\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u671f\u671b/\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ec5\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7528\u4e8e Retryables \u548c Eth \u5b58\u6b3e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 Sequencer \u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6d88\u606f\u3002 4.2. \u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u8282 4.2.1. L1 -> L2 (\u4ee5 ETH\u5145\u503c \u4e3a\u4f8b) L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 \u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5165\u53e3 Inbox.depositEth(), \u6839\u636e\u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:InboxMessageDelivered(msgNum, _messageData) \u548c event:MessageDelivered \u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528bridge.enqueueDelayedMessage() \u5c06\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165\u5230 bridge \u5408\u7ea6\u7684 delayedInboxAccs \u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 value \u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 Bridge \u5408\u7ea6(lock ether) \u6b64\u65f6 ETH balance \u9501\u5b9a\u5728 Bridge \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d L2 Sequencer \u4fa7 Arbnode \u4ece Inbox\u5408\u7ea6 \u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u6d88\u606f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002arbnode.InboxReader \u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9ad8\u5ea6( \u9ed8\u8ba4100) \u8303\u56f4\u8bfb\u53d6 event:MessageDelivered \uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7684 events \u7684\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u67e5\u8be2 event:InboxMessageDelivered \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u6790\u5230 DelayedInboxMessage \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d(\u8bb0\u4e3a: messages) \u3002 InboxTracker \u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0message \u5bf9\u8c61\u5199\u5165\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e. delayed_sequencer \u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730 DelayedMessagesRead \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e( pos )\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u672c\u5730 db \u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\u7684 Message \u8ba1\u6570. \u5faa\u73af\u4ece db \u7f13\u5b58\u6309\u7167 pos \u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u83b7\u53d6 inconming msgs \u6570\u636e\u5e76\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a L1IncomingMessage \u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7531 TransactionStreamer \u5728 SequenceDelayedMessages\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u8c03\u7528 createBlocks\u6253\u5305\u51fa\u5757\u3002\u6253\u5305\u533a\u5757\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 ParseL2Transactions \u6309\u7167L1\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6784\u9020\u5145\u503c\u4ea4\u6613\uff08mint\uff0c\u5145\u503c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u7b14\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u5145\u503c\u7684message \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u4e00\u7b14L2\u4ea4\u6613\uff09 \u6700\u540e\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 TxProcessor.StartTxHook\uff0c\u6309\u7167 types.ArbitrumDepositTx \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7c7b\u578b mint \u6307\u5b9a\u7684 balance\uff08stateDB.AddBalance(to, amount) \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09 4.2.2.L1 -> L2 (\u4ee5 ERC20\u5145\u503c \u4e3a\u4f8b, Deposit ERC20) L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7: \u5408\u7ea6\u5165\u53e3\u4e3aL1GatewayRouter.outboundTransfer \u6216 L1GatewayRouter.outboundTransferCustomRefund \uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e86 L2 gasLimit\u3001L2 maxFeePerGas \u7684 txFee \u7684\u68c0\u67e5 \u5728\u7236\u7c7b GatewayRoute.outboundTransfer \u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e token \u7c7b\u578b\u83b7\u53d6 Gateway \u5b9e\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684outboundTransfer\u65b9\u6cd5 \u5728L1ArbitrumGateway.outboundTransfer\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e l2BeaconProxyFactory \u5730\u5740\u3001nonce\u3001\u548c cloneableProxyHash \u8ba1\u7b97 L2-ERC20token \u5730\u5740\uff08\u540cdeploy\u6d41\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09 \u8c03\u7528 outboundEscrowTransfer \u65b9\u6cd5 \u5bf9ERC20 Token \u6267\u884c transfer \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06 ERC20 Token \u9501\u5b9a\u5728 L1ArbitrumGateway \u4e2d \u8c03\u7528 getOutboundCalldata \u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020 L2 \u4e0a finalizeInboundTransfer\u8c03\u7528\u7684calldata\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u65b9\u6cd5 L1ArbitrumMessenger.sendTxToL2CustomRefund\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528Inbox.createRetryableTicket\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:TxToL2 event:InboxMessageDelivered \u8fdb\u800c\u8c03\u7528 Inbox._deliverMessage \u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u7b14\u5145\u503c\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u540c : ETH deposit L2 Sequencer \u4fa7 L2 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 : Sequencer \u5b9a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u5f97 abi \u8c03\u7528\u5230 L2ArbitrumGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:DepositFinalized \u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 L2-ERC20Token \u5408\u7ea6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 L2 Token / L1 Token \u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u6267\u884c triggerWithdrawal \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06 token \u8fd4\u8fd8\u7ed9 L1\uff09 \u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 inboundEscrowTransfer \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 ERC20 \u7684 bridgeMint \u65b9\u6cd5 mint \u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237 5. L2->L1 \u4ea4\u6613 5.1. \u6982\u8ff0 Arbitrum \u7684\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u610f L2 \u5230 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u8c03\u7528\uff1b\u5373\uff0c\u4ece L2 \u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6700\u7ec8\u5728 L1 \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002L2-to-L1 \u6d88\u606f\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u201c\u4f20\u51fa\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff09\u4e0e Arbitrum \u7684L1-to-L2 \u6d88\u606f\uff08\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5\uff09\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u201c\u76f8\u53cd\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002 \u534f\u8bae\u6d41: Arbitrum \u94fe\u7684 L2 \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a RBlock \u4e2d\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u662f\u94fe\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6240\u6709 L2 \u5230 L1 \u6d88\u606f\u7684 Merkle \u6839\u3002\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u65ad\u8a00\u7684 RBlock \u540e\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u65ad\u8a00\u540e\u7ea6 1 \u5468\uff09\uff0c\u6b64 Merkle \u6839\u5c06\u53d1\u5e03\u5728Outbox\u5408\u7ea6\u7684 L1 \u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u5408\u7ea6\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u2014\u2014\u9a8c\u8bc1 Merkle \u5305\u542b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u54ea\u4e9b L2 \u5230 L1 \u6d88\u606f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u5ba2\u6237\u6d41\u7a0b: \u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cL2 \u5230 L1 \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 L2ArbSys\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6\u7684sendTxToL1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6d88\u606f\u5305\u542b\u5728\u65ad\u8a00\u4e2d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7ea6 1 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\uff09\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u65ad\u8a00\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7ea6 1 \u5468\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 Arbitrum \u94fe\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d/precompile-esque**NodeInterface\u5408\u7ea6\u7684constructOutboxProof\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Outbox'executeTransaction\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6267\u884c L1 \u6267\u884c\u3002 \u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec6\u8282: \u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u8c03\u7528confirmNode\u5177\u6709\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u8981\u6c42confirmNode\u53ea\u66f4\u65b0\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u6839\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u6267\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u5373\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6839\u4e2d\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728 L1 \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u7684 RBlock \u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002 \u4e0e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8 L2 \u6267\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b Ether \u7684 Retryables \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u8bae\u5185\u81ea\u52a8 L1 \u6267\u884c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9884\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u201c\u6267\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u5305\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 L1 \u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 \u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u548c Retryables \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f Retryables \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u8d4e\u56de\uff08\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u5ef6\u957f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u800c L2 \u5230 L1 \u6d88\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 L1 \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u5728/\u6ca1\u6709\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u671f\u662f Arbitrum Rollup \u6216\u4efb\u4f55 Optimistic Rollup \u6837\u5f0f L2 \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u672c\u8eab\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9 Arbitrum \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u9519\u8bef\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aNodeInterface\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d\u5408\u540c\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5f88\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 RPC \u5373\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e Arbitrum \u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 5.2. \u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u8282 5.2.1. L2 -> L1 (\u4ee5 ETH\u63d0\u73b0 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53c2\u8003 SDK \u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u73b0\u64cd\u4f5c) L2 \u7f51\u7edc\u4fa7 \u8c03\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6 ARB_SYS(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064)\u4e2d\u7684withdrawEth \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728 EVM instance \u4e2d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5408\u7ea6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5e95\u5c42\u7684 Call \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5408\u7ea6\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u4e3a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u7ea6go\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u5230 precompiles/ArbSys.go:198 WithdrawEth\u65b9\u6cd5 \u5728 WithdrawEth \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u51fd\u6570SendTxToL1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684util.BurnBalance \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06 withdraw \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 ETH amount \u71c3\u70e7\u6389\uff08from balance\u51cf\uff0cto == nil balance \u4e0d\u52a0\uff09\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:SendMerkleUpdate\u548c event:L2ToL1Tx \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eL2ToL1Tx\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6NODE_INTERFACE(0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8)\u4e2d\u7684 ConstructOutboxProof\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u63d0\u6b3e\u8bc1\u660e\u4f9b L1\u5408\u7ea6 Outbox.executeTransaction \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7\uff08\u53c2\u8003 SDK \u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u73b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09 \u8c03\u7528 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u65b9\u6cd5 Outbox.executeTransaction\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u542b\u4e0a\u8ff0 L2 \u4e0a\u63d0\u73b0\u7684 proof \u7b49\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:OutBoxTransactionExecuted\uff0cevent:BridgeCallTriggered \u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 Outbox.recordOutputAsSpent \u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86 proof \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8c03\u7528 Bridge \u5408\u7ea6\u7684 Bridge.executeCall\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06 ETH \u8f6c\u7ed9\u63d0\u6b3e\u5730\u5740 5.2.2. L2 -> L1 (\u4ee5 ERC20\u63d0\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f8b, Withdraw ERC20) L2 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 \u63d0\u73b0\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u5165\u53e3\u4e3a L2ArbitrumGateway.outboundTransfer \u65b9\u6cd5, \u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a L1 Token\u7684 L2 ERC20 Token \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86 L2-ERC20 Token\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u7528 outboundEscrowTransfer \u5c06 L2 Token \u7ed9 burn \u6389 \u540e\u7eed\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u4e3a: triggerWithdrawal -> createOutboundTx -> sendTxToL1 -> ArbSys.sendTxToL1 ArbSys.sendTxToL1 \u6267\u884c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event: SendMerkleUpdate\u548c event:L2ToL1Tx \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eL2ToL1Tx\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6NODE_INTERFACE(0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8)\u4e2d\u7684 ConstructOutboxProof\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u63d0\u6b3e\u8bc1\u660e\u4f9b L1\u5408\u7ea6 Outbox.executeTransaction \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 Outbox.executeTransaction \u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u8c03\u7528 L1ArbitrumGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer \u8fdb\u884c L1 ERC20 \u7684\u8f6c\u8d26, \u63d0\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b\u81f3\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f. \u4e8c. \u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ec6\u8282\u6df1\u5165 1. \u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b: \u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Rollup \u7531BatchPoster \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aarbnode: Start()-> BatchPoster.Start->b.maybePostSequencerBatch(ctx, batchSeqNum)->b.inboxContract.AddSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin->l1Reader.Client().SendTransaction(ctx, tx) BatchPoster \u56de\u53bb\u7ec4\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684 RollUp \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 SendTransaction \u53d1\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u628a\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u5c42\u3002 2. \u5408\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c sequencer_inbox.go \u548c delayed.go \u91cc\u9762\u4f1a\u53bb\u76d1\u542c\u5408\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6ID \u5982\u4e0b\uff1a sequencer_inbox.go var messageDeliveredID common.Hash var inboxMessageDeliveredID common.Hash var inboxMessageFromOriginID common.Hash var l2MessageFromOriginCallABI abi.Method delayed.go var sequencerBridgeABI *abi.ABI var batchDeliveredID common.Hash var addSequencerL2BatchFromOriginCallABI abi.Method var sequencerBatchDataABI abi.Event \u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u5728 inbox_reader.go \u91cc\u9762\u7684 run \u51fd\u6570, delayedMessages, err := ir.delayedBridge.LookupMessagesInRange(ctx, from, to) if err != nil { return err } LookupMessagesInRange \u8fdb\u5165\u5230 delay.go \u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u89e3\u6790\u6574\u4e2a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u5411\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6 sequencerBatches, err := ir.sequencerInbox.LookupBatchesInRange(ctx, from, to) if err != nil { return err } if !ir.caughtUp && to.Cmp(currentHeight) == 0 { // TODO better caught up tracking ir.caughtUp = true ir.caughtUpChan <- true } LookupBatchesInRange \u8fdb\u5165 sequencer_inbox.go \u91cc\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u9762\u67e5\u770b\u3002 \u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5c06\u7531 transaction_streamer.go \u5904\u7406\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u533a\u5757\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Sequencer: Start -> s.createBlock(ctx) -> s.txStreamer.SequenceTransactions(header, txes, hooks) -> arbos.ProduceBlockAdvanced (\u8fdb\u5165arbios \u7684\u5757\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91)-> validator.NewBlock(block, lastBlockHeader, msgWithMeta) 3. \u533a\u5757\u4ea7\u751f\u903b\u8f91\u6574\u7406 ProduceBlockAdvanced-> types.NewBlock(\u8fdb\u5165 geth \u5757\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e34\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u751f\u6210\u843d\u5e93\u7684\u5757) \u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\uff1a A. \u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u89e3\u91ca \u65b0\u7248\u7684 nitro \u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a startBlock \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e24\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173(\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a tx \u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u66f4\u65b0 L1 \u5757\u7f16\u53f7\u3001\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6c60\u7b49\uff09)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a startTx := InternalTxStartBlock(chainConfig.ChainID, l1Header.L1BaseFee, l1BlockNum, header, lastBlockHeader) txes = append(types.Transactions{types.NewTx(startTx)}, txes...) \u533a\u5757\u7684\u751f\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 validator.NewBlock \u6700\u7ec8\u56de\u5230 block_processor \u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5757\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7 validator \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8def\u5f84\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a validator.NewBlock -> v.prepareBlock -> BlockDataForValidation -> RecordBlockCreation -> arbos.ProduceBlock -> ProduceBlockAdvanced \u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 FinalizeBlock \u5c06 Merkle root \u548c size \u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u533a\u5757\u5934 4. \u4ea4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6574\u7406 \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u5728 tx_processor \u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u5728 StartTxHook \u5185\u90e8\uff0cL2 \u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u901a\u8fc7 PublishTransaction \u53d1\u5e03\u5230 arbnode \u91cc\u9762\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u518d\u7531 geth \u7684 hook \u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u3002L1->L2, L2->L1 \u901a\u8fc7 pareMessage \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a message \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a L2 \u4e0a\u7684 Tx, \u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 tx_processor \u548c incomingmessage.go \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91,incomingmessage \u5904\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6709\u4e00\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b L1MessageType_L2Message = 3 L1MessageType_EndOfBlock = 6 L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1 = 7 L1MessageType_RollupEvent = 8 L1MessageType_SubmitRetryable = 9 L1MessageType_BatchForGasEstimation = 10 // probably won't use this in practice L1MessageType_Initialize = 11 L1MessageType_EthDeposit = 12 L1MessageType_BatchPostingReport = 13 L1MessageType_Invalid = 0xFF const ( L2MessageKind_UnsignedUserTx = 0 L2MessageKind_ContractTx = 1 L2MessageKind_NonmutatingCall = 2 L2MessageKind_Batch = 3 L2MessageKind_SignedTx = 4 // 5 is reserved L2MessageKind_Heartbeat = 6 // deprecated L2MessageKind_SignedCompressedTx = 7 // 8 is reserved for BLS signed batch ) \u4e0a\u9762\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b incomingmessage \u5185\u7684 ParseIncomingL1Message ParseL2Transactions ParseInitMessage \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5c06 Message \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613, \u89e3\u6790\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7531\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u8d77\u8fdb\u5165\u3002 \u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff1a Tx \u5904\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0cRetryables \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u88ab\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u5ef6\u957f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5468\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a func (rs *RetryableState) Keepalive( ticketId common.Hash, currentTimestamp, limitBeforeAdd, timeToAdd uint64, ) (uint64, error) { retryable, err := rs.OpenRetryable(ticketId, currentTimestamp) if err != nil { return 0, err } if retryable == nil { return 0, errors.New(\"ticketId not found\") } timeout, err := retryable.CalculateTimeout() if err != nil { return 0, err } if timeout > limitBeforeAdd { return 0, errors.New(\"timeout too far into the future\") } // Add a duplicate entry to the end of the queue (only the last one deletes the retryable) err = rs.TimeoutQueue.Put(retryable.id) if err != nil { return 0, err } if _, err := retryable.timeoutWindowsLeft.Increment(); err != nil { return 0, err } newTimeout := timeout + RetryableLifetimeSeconds // Pay in advance for the work needed to reap the duplicate from the timeout queue return newTimeout, rs.retryables.Burner().Burn(RetryableReapPrice) } 5 \u533a\u5757 ReorgBlock \u903b\u8f91 reorg \u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1aL1 \u5c42\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u56de\u6eda\u6216\u8005\u5206\u53c9\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Post \u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u533a\u5757\u7684 reorg\uff0creorg \u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u94fe\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5757\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7d2f\u79ef\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u4ea4\u6613\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u7684 head \u5757\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002 \u4e09. arbnode \u548c arbos \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u8bfb 1. Arbnode arb_interface\uff1aTransactionPublisher \u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\uff0c\u8854\u63a5 go-ethereum batch_poster\uff1a\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u5230 L1 \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 delayed \u548c delayed_sequencer: \u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406 sequencer \u548c sequencer_inbox\uff1asequencer \u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406 inbox_reader\uff1a\u94fe\u63a5\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u548c sequencer \u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4ee3\u7801 transaction_streamer\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u903b\u8f91 inbox_tracker\uff1a\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406 tx_pre_checker\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u9884\u68c0\u67e5 2. Arbos tx_processor \u4ea4\u6613 hook \u5904\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91 block_processor \u4e8c\u5c42\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165\u5230 geth \u53bb\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757 retryables\uff1a retryables \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u66f4\u65b0 retryables \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u95ee\u9898 merkleAccumulator\uff1amerkle \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91 incomingmessage\uff1a \u5404\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 message \u5904\u7406 internal_tx\uff1a \u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1astartblock \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406 l1pricing \u548c l2pricing\uff1aL1 \u548c L2 \u7684 price \u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b burn\uff1a\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684 burn \u76f8\u5173 blockhash\uff1a\u533a\u5757 Hash \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91 arbosState\uff1aarbos state \u7ba1\u7406","title":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1aArbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u9879\u76ee\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u6e90\u7801\u89e3\u6790"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#arbitrum-nitro","text":"","title":"Arbitrum \u7684 Nitro \u9879\u76ee\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u6e90\u7801\u89e3\u6790"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#_1","text":"","title":"\u4e00. \u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u8282"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#1","text":"\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u5148\u53bb\u90e8\u7f72 L1 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0cL2 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u662f\u9884\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u90e8\u5206\u6709 solidity \u6765\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u7531 go \u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 go \u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a precompiles \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a /nitro/contracts/src/precompiles \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002","title":"1 \u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#21-l1","text":"\u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72\u4ee3\u7801\u5165\u53e3\u4e3a /nitro/cmd/deploy/deploy.go , \u8c03\u7528\u94fe\uff1a arbnode.DeployOnL1 -> deployRollupCreator -> deployBridgeCreator deployChallengeFactory DeployRollupAdminLogic DeployRollupUserLogic \u7b49 \u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b deployPtr, err := arbnode.DeployOnL1( ctx, l1client, l1TransactionOpts, sequencerAddress, *authorizevalidators, headerReaderConfig, machineConfig, arbnode.GenerateRollupConfig(*prod, common.HexToHash(*wasmmoduleroot), ownerAddress, l2ChainId, loserEscrowAddress), ) rollupCreator, rollupCreatorAddress, validatorUtils, validatorWalletCreator, err := deployRollupCreator(ctx, l1Reader, deployAuth) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf(\"error deploying rollup creator: %w\", err) } func deployRollupCreator(ctx context.Context, l1Reader *headerreader.HeaderReader, auth *bind.TransactOpts) (*rollupgen.RollupCreator, common.Address, common.Address, common.Address, error) { bridgeCreator, err := deployBridgeCreator(ctx, l1Reader, auth) if err != nil { return nil, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, err } ospEntryAddr, challengeManagerAddr, err := deployChallengeFactory(ctx, l1Reader, auth) if err != nil { return nil, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, common.Address{}, err } ......","title":"2.1 L1 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#12-l2","text":"\u9884\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6, \u6267\u884c docker exec nitro_sequencer_1 cat /config/deployment.json \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u53bb\u90e8\u7f72\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u7ea6, \u90e8\u7f72\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u5982\u4e0b: { \"l1Network\": { \"blockTime\": 10, \"chainID\": 1337, \"explorerUrl\": \"\", \"isCustom\": true, \"name\": \"EthLocal\", \"partnerChainIDs\": [ 412346, 412346 ], \"rpcURL\": \"http://localhost:8545\" }, \"l2Network\": { \"chainID\": 412346, \"confirmPeriodBlocks\": 20, \"ethBridge\": { \"bridge\": \"0x815b0ce130aa4c1db18ba0c4c92fcfbf6062ab08\", \"inbox\": \"0x07061a11d42da58c7bd08ddbf4ef6e60232ba966\", \"outbox\": \"0xE7098C657B3Ee7c92939f20A4E308efCdd656163\", \"rollup\": \"0x532016aa3f129f35214559723aa7a0faa435f7ce\", \"sequencerInbox\": \"0xda7b4b25cac35e41f62cf79744b7e4d50f177b64\" }, \"explorerUrl\": \"\", \"isArbitrum\": true, \"isCustom\": true, \"name\": \"ArbLocal\", \"partnerChainID\": 1337, \"rpcURL\": \"http://localhost:8547\", \"retryableLifetimeSeconds\": 604800, \"depositTimeout\": 900000, \"tokenBridge\": { \"l1CustomGateway\": \"0xDe67138B609Fbca38FcC2673Bbc5E33d26C5B584\", \"l1ERC20Gateway\": \"0x0Bdb0992B3872DF911260BfB60D72607eb22d5d4\", \"l1GatewayRouter\": \"0x4535771b8D5C43100f126EdACfEc7eb60d391312\", \"l1MultiCall\": \"0x36BeF5fD671f2aA8686023dE4797A7dae3082D5F\", \"l1ProxyAdmin\": \"0xF7818cd5f5Dc379965fD1C66b36C0C4D788E7cDB\", \"l1Weth\": \"0x24067223381F042fF36fb87818196dB4D2C56E9B\", \"l1WethGateway\": \"0xBa3d12E370a4b592AAF0CA1EF09971D196c27aAd\", \"l2CustomGateway\": \"0x0Bdb0992B3872DF911260BfB60D72607eb22d5d4\", \"l2ERC20Gateway\": \"0x4535771b8D5C43100f126EdACfEc7eb60d391312\", \"l2GatewayRouter\": \"0xF7818cd5f5Dc379965fD1C66b36C0C4D788E7cDB\", \"l2Multicall\": \"0x14a00f381A870878Ae6A055C656520FF2Cbff985\", \"l2ProxyAdmin\": \"0x8c366Cfd28bC93729e14Da4fcf94d20862A7f266\", \"l2Weth\": \"0x9b890cA9dE3D317b165afA7DFb8C65f2e4c95C20\", \"l2WethGateway\": \"0xDe67138B609Fbca38FcC2673Bbc5E33d26C5B584\" } } } \u6e29\u99a8\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5efa\u8bae\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b make contract\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5408\u7ea6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 go \u8c03\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u5728 nitro/solgen \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002","title":"1.2 L2 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#2","text":"\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u56db\u4e2a Json \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206 validator , sequencer \u548c poster , \u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e3a unsafe_staker_config , validator_config.json , sequencer_config \u548c poster_config \uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u5404\u81ea\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u751f\u6210deployment.json \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u6237\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\uff1b\u6587\u4ef6\u7531 testnode-scripts \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a docker \u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u9a71\u4f7f\u8be5\u955c\u50cf\u53bb\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c testnode-scripts \u4e0b\u9762\u7684 ethcommands.ts \u4f1a\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c 3 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0cL1<->L2, L2 \u548c L2 \u81ea\u5df1\u8f6c\u8d26\u3002\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5e03 L1->L2, L2->L \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c docker exec nitro_sequencer_1 cat /config/deployment.json \u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u3002","title":"2. \u8282\u70b9\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#3-l2","text":"L2 \u590d\u7528\u4e86 geth \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u548c ETH \u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 SendTransaction \u548c SendRawTransaction \u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u5230 SubmitTransaction, \u901a\u8fc7 b.SendTx(ctx, tx) func (a *APIBackend) SendTx(ctx context.Context, signedTx *types.Transaction) error { return a.b.EnqueueL2Message(ctx, signedTx) } \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165 b.arb.PublishTransaction(ctx, tx) , \u5728 PublishTransaction \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e86 ArbInterface PublishTransaction -> TxPreChecker PublishTransaction -> Sequencer PublishTransaction PreCheckTx : \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884cgas, Nonce, balance \u7b49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u5230 Sequencer PublishTransaction \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u8fd8\u9700\u8981 rollup \u5230\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u4e48 rollup \u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Rollup \u7531BatchPoster \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 L2 \u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a arbnode: Start() -> BatchPoster.Start -> b.maybePostSequencerBatch(ctx, batchSeqNum) -> b.inboxContract.AddSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin -> l1Reader.Client().SendTransaction(ctx, tx) BatchPoster \u56de\u53bb\u7ec4\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684 RollUp \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 SendTransaction \u53d1\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u628a\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u5c42\u3002","title":"3. L2 \u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#4-l1-l2","text":"","title":"4. L1->L2 \u4ea4\u6613"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#41","text":"\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Eth \u5145\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u5373\uff0c\u5c06 Eth \u4ece L1 \u53d1\u9001\u5230 L2\u3002Eth \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528Inbox\u7684depositEth\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b58\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c L1 \u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u662f EOA\uff0c\u5219 Eth \u5c06\u5b58\u5165 L2 \u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u7684 EOA \u5730\u5740\uff1bL1 \u8c03\u7528\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u5c06\u5b58\u5165\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u522b\u540d\u5730\u5740\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06 Eth viadepositEth\u5b58\u5165 L2 \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u56de\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u7968\u636e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u5165\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff1b\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 eth-deposit \u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728 L2 \u4fa7\u89e6\u53d1\u56de\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u867d\u7136 Retryables \u548c Eth \u5b58\u6b3e\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u786e\u4fdd Arbitrum \u94fe\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba1\u67e5\u963b\u529b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f Sequencer \u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7aef\uff08\u53c2\u89c1The Sequencer and Censorship Resistance\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a/\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u671f\u671b/\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ec5\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7528\u4e8e Retryables \u548c Eth \u5b58\u6b3e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 Sequencer \u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6d88\u606f\u3002","title":"4.1 \u6982\u8ff0"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#42","text":"","title":"4.2. \u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u8282"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#421-l1-l2-eth","text":"L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 \u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5165\u53e3 Inbox.depositEth(), \u6839\u636e\u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:InboxMessageDelivered(msgNum, _messageData) \u548c event:MessageDelivered \u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528bridge.enqueueDelayedMessage() \u5c06\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165\u5230 bridge \u5408\u7ea6\u7684 delayedInboxAccs \u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 value \u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 Bridge \u5408\u7ea6(lock ether) \u6b64\u65f6 ETH balance \u9501\u5b9a\u5728 Bridge \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d L2 Sequencer \u4fa7 Arbnode \u4ece Inbox\u5408\u7ea6 \u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u6d88\u606f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002arbnode.InboxReader \u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9ad8\u5ea6( \u9ed8\u8ba4100) \u8303\u56f4\u8bfb\u53d6 event:MessageDelivered \uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u7684 events \u7684\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u67e5\u8be2 event:InboxMessageDelivered \u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u6790\u5230 DelayedInboxMessage \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d(\u8bb0\u4e3a: messages) \u3002 InboxTracker \u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0message \u5bf9\u8c61\u5199\u5165\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e. delayed_sequencer \u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730 DelayedMessagesRead \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e( pos )\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u672c\u5730 db \u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\u7684 Message \u8ba1\u6570. \u5faa\u73af\u4ece db \u7f13\u5b58\u6309\u7167 pos \u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u83b7\u53d6 inconming msgs \u6570\u636e\u5e76\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a L1IncomingMessage \u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7531 TransactionStreamer \u5728 SequenceDelayedMessages\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u8c03\u7528 createBlocks\u6253\u5305\u51fa\u5757\u3002\u6253\u5305\u533a\u5757\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 ParseL2Transactions \u6309\u7167L1\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6784\u9020\u5145\u503c\u4ea4\u6613\uff08mint\uff0c\u5145\u503c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u7b14\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u5145\u503c\u7684message \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u4e00\u7b14L2\u4ea4\u6613\uff09 \u6700\u540e\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 TxProcessor.StartTxHook\uff0c\u6309\u7167 types.ArbitrumDepositTx \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7c7b\u578b mint \u6307\u5b9a\u7684 balance\uff08stateDB.AddBalance(to, amount) \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09","title":"4.2.1. L1 -> L2 (\u4ee5 ETH\u5145\u503c \u4e3a\u4f8b)"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#422l1-l2-erc20-deposit-erc20","text":"L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7: \u5408\u7ea6\u5165\u53e3\u4e3aL1GatewayRouter.outboundTransfer \u6216 L1GatewayRouter.outboundTransferCustomRefund \uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e86 L2 gasLimit\u3001L2 maxFeePerGas \u7684 txFee \u7684\u68c0\u67e5 \u5728\u7236\u7c7b GatewayRoute.outboundTransfer \u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e token \u7c7b\u578b\u83b7\u53d6 Gateway \u5b9e\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684outboundTransfer\u65b9\u6cd5 \u5728L1ArbitrumGateway.outboundTransfer\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e l2BeaconProxyFactory \u5730\u5740\u3001nonce\u3001\u548c cloneableProxyHash \u8ba1\u7b97 L2-ERC20token \u5730\u5740\uff08\u540cdeploy\u6d41\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09 \u8c03\u7528 outboundEscrowTransfer \u65b9\u6cd5 \u5bf9ERC20 Token \u6267\u884c transfer \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06 ERC20 Token \u9501\u5b9a\u5728 L1ArbitrumGateway \u4e2d \u8c03\u7528 getOutboundCalldata \u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020 L2 \u4e0a finalizeInboundTransfer\u8c03\u7528\u7684calldata\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u65b9\u6cd5 L1ArbitrumMessenger.sendTxToL2CustomRefund\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528Inbox.createRetryableTicket\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:TxToL2 event:InboxMessageDelivered \u8fdb\u800c\u8c03\u7528 Inbox._deliverMessage \u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u7b14\u5145\u503c\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u540c : ETH deposit L2 Sequencer \u4fa7 L2 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 : Sequencer \u5b9a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u6267\u884c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u5f97 abi \u8c03\u7528\u5230 L2ArbitrumGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:DepositFinalized \u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 L2-ERC20Token \u5408\u7ea6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 L2 Token / L1 Token \u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u6267\u884c triggerWithdrawal \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06 token \u8fd4\u8fd8\u7ed9 L1\uff09 \u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 inboundEscrowTransfer \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 ERC20 \u7684 bridgeMint \u65b9\u6cd5 mint \u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237","title":"4.2.2.L1 -> L2 (\u4ee5 ERC20\u5145\u503c \u4e3a\u4f8b, Deposit ERC20)"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#5-l2-l1","text":"","title":"5. L2->L1 \u4ea4\u6613"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#51","text":"Arbitrum \u7684\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u610f L2 \u5230 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u8c03\u7528\uff1b\u5373\uff0c\u4ece L2 \u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6700\u7ec8\u5728 L1 \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002L2-to-L1 \u6d88\u606f\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u201c\u4f20\u51fa\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff09\u4e0e Arbitrum \u7684L1-to-L2 \u6d88\u606f\uff08\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5\uff09\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u201c\u76f8\u53cd\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002 \u534f\u8bae\u6d41: Arbitrum \u94fe\u7684 L2 \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a RBlock \u4e2d\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u662f\u94fe\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6240\u6709 L2 \u5230 L1 \u6d88\u606f\u7684 Merkle \u6839\u3002\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u65ad\u8a00\u7684 RBlock \u540e\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u65ad\u8a00\u540e\u7ea6 1 \u5468\uff09\uff0c\u6b64 Merkle \u6839\u5c06\u53d1\u5e03\u5728Outbox\u5408\u7ea6\u7684 L1 \u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u5408\u7ea6\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u2014\u2014\u9a8c\u8bc1 Merkle \u5305\u542b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u54ea\u4e9b L2 \u5230 L1 \u6d88\u606f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u5ba2\u6237\u6d41\u7a0b: \u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cL2 \u5230 L1 \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 L2ArbSys\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6\u7684sendTxToL1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6d88\u606f\u5305\u542b\u5728\u65ad\u8a00\u4e2d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7ea6 1 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\uff09\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u65ad\u8a00\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7ea6 1 \u5468\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 Arbitrum \u94fe\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d/precompile-esque**NodeInterface\u5408\u7ea6\u7684constructOutboxProof\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Outbox'executeTransaction\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6267\u884c L1 \u6267\u884c\u3002 \u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec6\u8282: \u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u8c03\u7528confirmNode\u5177\u6709\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u8981\u6c42confirmNode\u53ea\u66f4\u65b0\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u6839\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u6267\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u5373\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6839\u4e2d\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728 L1 \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u7684 RBlock \u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002 \u4e0e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8 L2 \u6267\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b Ether \u7684 Retryables \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u8bae\u5185\u81ea\u52a8 L1 \u6267\u884c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u9884\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u201c\u6267\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u5305\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 L1 \u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 \u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u548c Retryables \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f Retryables \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u8d4e\u56de\uff08\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u5ef6\u957f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u800c L2 \u5230 L1 \u6d88\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 L1 \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u5728/\u6ca1\u6709\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4f20\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u671f\u662f Arbitrum Rollup \u6216\u4efb\u4f55 Optimistic Rollup \u6837\u5f0f L2 \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u672c\u8eab\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9 Arbitrum \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u9519\u8bef\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aNodeInterface\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d\u5408\u540c\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5f88\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 RPC \u5373\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e Arbitrum \u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002","title":"5.1. \u6982\u8ff0"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#52","text":"","title":"5.2. \u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u8282"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#521-l2-l1-eth-sdk","text":"L2 \u7f51\u7edc\u4fa7 \u8c03\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6 ARB_SYS(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064)\u4e2d\u7684withdrawEth \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728 EVM instance \u4e2d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5408\u7ea6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5e95\u5c42\u7684 Call \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5408\u7ea6\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u4e3a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u7ea6go\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u5230 precompiles/ArbSys.go:198 WithdrawEth\u65b9\u6cd5 \u5728 WithdrawEth \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u51fd\u6570SendTxToL1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684util.BurnBalance \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06 withdraw \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 ETH amount \u71c3\u70e7\u6389\uff08from balance\u51cf\uff0cto == nil balance \u4e0d\u52a0\uff09\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:SendMerkleUpdate\u548c event:L2ToL1Tx \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eL2ToL1Tx\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6NODE_INTERFACE(0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8)\u4e2d\u7684 ConstructOutboxProof\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u63d0\u6b3e\u8bc1\u660e\u4f9b L1\u5408\u7ea6 Outbox.executeTransaction \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7\uff08\u53c2\u8003 SDK \u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u73b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09 \u8c03\u7528 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u65b9\u6cd5 Outbox.executeTransaction\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u542b\u4e0a\u8ff0 L2 \u4e0a\u63d0\u73b0\u7684 proof \u7b49\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event:OutBoxTransactionExecuted\uff0cevent:BridgeCallTriggered \u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8c03\u7528 Outbox.recordOutputAsSpent \u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86 proof \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8c03\u7528 Bridge \u5408\u7ea6\u7684 Bridge.executeCall\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06 ETH \u8f6c\u7ed9\u63d0\u6b3e\u5730\u5740","title":"5.2.1. L2 -> L1 (\u4ee5 ETH\u63d0\u73b0 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53c2\u8003 SDK \u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u73b0\u64cd\u4f5c)"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#522-l2-l1-erc20-withdraw-erc20","text":"L2 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 \u63d0\u73b0\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u5165\u53e3\u4e3a L2ArbitrumGateway.outboundTransfer \u65b9\u6cd5, \u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a L1 Token\u7684 L2 ERC20 Token \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86 L2-ERC20 Token\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u7528 outboundEscrowTransfer \u5c06 L2 Token \u7ed9 burn \u6389 \u540e\u7eed\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u4e3a: triggerWithdrawal -> createOutboundTx -> sendTxToL1 -> ArbSys.sendTxToL1 ArbSys.sendTxToL1 \u6267\u884c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6 event: SendMerkleUpdate\u548c event:L2ToL1Tx \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eL2ToL1Tx\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5408\u7ea6NODE_INTERFACE(0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000C8)\u4e2d\u7684 ConstructOutboxProof\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u9020\u63d0\u6b3e\u8bc1\u660e\u4f9b L1\u5408\u7ea6 Outbox.executeTransaction \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u4fa7 Outbox.executeTransaction \u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u8c03\u7528 L1ArbitrumGateway.finalizeInboundTransfer \u8fdb\u884c L1 ERC20 \u7684\u8f6c\u8d26, \u63d0\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b\u81f3\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f.","title":"5.2.2. L2 -> L1 (\u4ee5 ERC20\u63d0\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f8b, Withdraw ERC20)"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#_2","text":"","title":"\u4e8c. \u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ec6\u8282\u6df1\u5165"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#1_1","text":"\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Rollup \u7531BatchPoster \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aarbnode: Start()-> BatchPoster.Start->b.maybePostSequencerBatch(ctx, batchSeqNum)->b.inboxContract.AddSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin->l1Reader.Client().SendTransaction(ctx, tx) BatchPoster \u56de\u53bb\u7ec4\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684 RollUp \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 SendTransaction \u53d1\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u628a\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u5c42\u3002","title":"1. \u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b:"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#2_1","text":"sequencer_inbox.go \u548c delayed.go \u91cc\u9762\u4f1a\u53bb\u76d1\u542c\u5408\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6ID \u5982\u4e0b\uff1a sequencer_inbox.go var messageDeliveredID common.Hash var inboxMessageDeliveredID common.Hash var inboxMessageFromOriginID common.Hash var l2MessageFromOriginCallABI abi.Method delayed.go var sequencerBridgeABI *abi.ABI var batchDeliveredID common.Hash var addSequencerL2BatchFromOriginCallABI abi.Method var sequencerBatchDataABI abi.Event \u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u5728 inbox_reader.go \u91cc\u9762\u7684 run \u51fd\u6570, delayedMessages, err := ir.delayedBridge.LookupMessagesInRange(ctx, from, to) if err != nil { return err } LookupMessagesInRange \u8fdb\u5165\u5230 delay.go \u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u89e3\u6790\u6574\u4e2a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u5411\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6 sequencerBatches, err := ir.sequencerInbox.LookupBatchesInRange(ctx, from, to) if err != nil { return err } if !ir.caughtUp && to.Cmp(currentHeight) == 0 { // TODO better caught up tracking ir.caughtUp = true ir.caughtUpChan <- true } LookupBatchesInRange \u8fdb\u5165 sequencer_inbox.go \u91cc\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u9762\u67e5\u770b\u3002 \u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5c06\u7531 transaction_streamer.go \u5904\u7406\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u533a\u5757\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Sequencer: Start -> s.createBlock(ctx) -> s.txStreamer.SequenceTransactions(header, txes, hooks) -> arbos.ProduceBlockAdvanced (\u8fdb\u5165arbios \u7684\u5757\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91)-> validator.NewBlock(block, lastBlockHeader, msgWithMeta)","title":"2. \u5408\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#3","text":"ProduceBlockAdvanced-> types.NewBlock(\u8fdb\u5165 geth \u5757\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e34\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u751f\u6210\u843d\u5e93\u7684\u5757) \u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\uff1a A. \u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u89e3\u91ca \u65b0\u7248\u7684 nitro \u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a startBlock \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e24\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173(\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a tx \u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u66f4\u65b0 L1 \u5757\u7f16\u53f7\u3001\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6c60\u7b49\uff09)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a startTx := InternalTxStartBlock(chainConfig.ChainID, l1Header.L1BaseFee, l1BlockNum, header, lastBlockHeader) txes = append(types.Transactions{types.NewTx(startTx)}, txes...) \u533a\u5757\u7684\u751f\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 validator.NewBlock \u6700\u7ec8\u56de\u5230 block_processor \u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5757\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7 validator \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8def\u5f84\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a validator.NewBlock -> v.prepareBlock -> BlockDataForValidation -> RecordBlockCreation -> arbos.ProduceBlock -> ProduceBlockAdvanced \u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 FinalizeBlock \u5c06 Merkle root \u548c size \u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u533a\u5757\u5934","title":"3. \u533a\u5757\u4ea7\u751f\u903b\u8f91\u6574\u7406"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#4","text":"\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u5728 tx_processor \u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u5728 StartTxHook \u5185\u90e8\uff0cL2 \u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u901a\u8fc7 PublishTransaction \u53d1\u5e03\u5230 arbnode \u91cc\u9762\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u518d\u7531 geth \u7684 hook \u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u3002L1->L2, L2->L1 \u901a\u8fc7 pareMessage \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a message \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a L2 \u4e0a\u7684 Tx, \u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 tx_processor \u548c incomingmessage.go \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91,incomingmessage \u5904\u7406\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6709\u4e00\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b L1MessageType_L2Message = 3 L1MessageType_EndOfBlock = 6 L1MessageType_L2FundedByL1 = 7 L1MessageType_RollupEvent = 8 L1MessageType_SubmitRetryable = 9 L1MessageType_BatchForGasEstimation = 10 // probably won't use this in practice L1MessageType_Initialize = 11 L1MessageType_EthDeposit = 12 L1MessageType_BatchPostingReport = 13 L1MessageType_Invalid = 0xFF const ( L2MessageKind_UnsignedUserTx = 0 L2MessageKind_ContractTx = 1 L2MessageKind_NonmutatingCall = 2 L2MessageKind_Batch = 3 L2MessageKind_SignedTx = 4 // 5 is reserved L2MessageKind_Heartbeat = 6 // deprecated L2MessageKind_SignedCompressedTx = 7 // 8 is reserved for BLS signed batch ) \u4e0a\u9762\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b incomingmessage \u5185\u7684 ParseIncomingL1Message ParseL2Transactions ParseInitMessage \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5c06 Message \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613, \u89e3\u6790\u4ea4\u6613\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7531\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u8d77\u8fdb\u5165\u3002 \u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff1a Tx \u5904\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0cRetryables \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u88ab\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u5ef6\u957f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5468\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a func (rs *RetryableState) Keepalive( ticketId common.Hash, currentTimestamp, limitBeforeAdd, timeToAdd uint64, ) (uint64, error) { retryable, err := rs.OpenRetryable(ticketId, currentTimestamp) if err != nil { return 0, err } if retryable == nil { return 0, errors.New(\"ticketId not found\") } timeout, err := retryable.CalculateTimeout() if err != nil { return 0, err } if timeout > limitBeforeAdd { return 0, errors.New(\"timeout too far into the future\") } // Add a duplicate entry to the end of the queue (only the last one deletes the retryable) err = rs.TimeoutQueue.Put(retryable.id) if err != nil { return 0, err } if _, err := retryable.timeoutWindowsLeft.Increment(); err != nil { return 0, err } newTimeout := timeout + RetryableLifetimeSeconds // Pay in advance for the work needed to reap the duplicate from the timeout queue return newTimeout, rs.retryables.Burner().Burn(RetryableReapPrice) }","title":"4. \u4ea4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6574\u7406"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#5-reorgblock","text":"reorg \u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1aL1 \u5c42\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u56de\u6eda\u6216\u8005\u5206\u53c9\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Post \u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u533a\u5757\u7684 reorg\uff0creorg \u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u94fe\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5757\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7d2f\u79ef\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u4ea4\u6613\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u7684 head \u5757\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002","title":"5 \u533a\u5757 ReorgBlock \u903b\u8f91"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#arbnode-arbos","text":"","title":"\u4e09. arbnode \u548c arbos \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u8bfb"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#1-arbnode","text":"arb_interface\uff1aTransactionPublisher \u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\uff0c\u8854\u63a5 go-ethereum batch_poster\uff1a\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u5230 L1 \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 delayed \u548c delayed_sequencer: \u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406 sequencer \u548c sequencer_inbox\uff1asequencer \u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406 inbox_reader\uff1a\u94fe\u63a5\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u548c sequencer \u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4ee3\u7801 transaction_streamer\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u903b\u8f91 inbox_tracker\uff1a\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406 tx_pre_checker\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u9884\u68c0\u67e5","title":"1. Arbnode"},{"location":"code/arbitrum/tx.html#2-arbos","text":"tx_processor \u4ea4\u6613 hook \u5904\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91 block_processor \u4e8c\u5c42\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165\u5230 geth \u53bb\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757 retryables\uff1a retryables \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u66f4\u65b0 retryables \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u95ee\u9898 merkleAccumulator\uff1amerkle \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91 incomingmessage\uff1a \u5404\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 message \u5904\u7406 internal_tx\uff1a \u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1astartblock \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406 l1pricing \u548c l2pricing\uff1aL1 \u548c L2 \u7684 price \u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b burn\uff1a\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684 burn \u76f8\u5173 blockhash\uff1a\u533a\u5757 Hash \u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91 arbosState\uff1aarbos state \u7ba1\u7406","title":"2. Arbos"},{"location":"code/optimism/tx.html","text":"optimism","title":"Tx"},{"location":"code/optimism/tx.html#optimism","text":"","title":"optimism"},{"location":"images/readme.html","text":"","title":"Readme"},{"location":"src/arbi-op-zk.html","text":"","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0\uff1azk sync \u548c arbitrum \u548c optimistim \u5bf9\u6bd4"},{"location":"src/arbitrum-optimistim.html","text":"","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\uff1aarbitrum \u548c optimistim \u5bf9\u6bd4"},{"location":"src/arbitrum.html","text":"Arbitrum \u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002Tracer \u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e2a\u6708\u5728Arbitrum\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u5176\u6c38\u4e45\u6389\u671f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9605\u8bfb\u5c06\u8ba9\u60a8\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3 Arbitrum \u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8ba9\u60a8\u5728 L2 \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Tracer \u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u8212\u9002\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u4e00. \u67b6\u6784\u603b\u7ed3 \u7531\u4e8e Arbitrum (L2) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a (L1) \u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Arbitrum \u67b6\u6784\u81ea\u7136\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e L2 \u4e0a\u3002 \u5b58\u5728\u4e8e L1 \u4e0a\u7684 Arbitrum \u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f EthBridge\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5408\u7ea6\u3002 EthBridge \u8d1f\u8d23\u4ef2\u88c1 Arbitrum Rollup \u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u94fe\u7684\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u548c\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u3002 \u94fe\u7684\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u548c\u53d1\u4ef6\u7bb1\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u3001L1 \u5408\u7ea6\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u94fe\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 Arbitrum \u865a\u62df\u673a\u662f L1 \u548c L2 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u7531 EthBridge \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 AVM \u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 ArbOS \u8fd0\u884c\u5728 Arbitrum \u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u4fdd\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u5728 Arbitrum \u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002 ArbOS \u5b8c\u5168\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e L2 \u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6837\u8fd0\u884c EVM \u5408\u7ea6\u3002 \u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3aArbitrum \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u89c6\u56fe \u4e8c. \u6c47\u603b\u534f\u8bae \u94fe\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u4e2d\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5728\u67e5\u770b\u6536\u4ef6\u7bb1\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 Rollup \u534f\u8bae\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6548\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u53c2\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7528\u6237\u79f0\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5c06 Eth \u8d28\u62bc\u5230\u5b58\u6b3e\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u8d28\u62bc\u8005\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d28\u62bc Rollup \u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u3002 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u548c\u8d28\u62bc\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u94fe\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u8fd9\u4f7f\u6c47\u603b\u94fe\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u76f8\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53bb\u4fe1\u4efb\u6027\u3002 Arbitrum \u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u3002 Rollup \u534f\u8bae\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e Rollup \u94fe\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94fe\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u94fe\u3002 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OVM \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5728L2\u548cL1\u8fd0\u884c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u65f6\u6240\u5904\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cOptimism\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c4f\u853d\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8fc7OVM\u5c01\u88c5\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u3002 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528block.timestamp\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528ovm\u5c01\u88c5\u76841\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5ovm_getTimestamp(\u975e\u771f\u5b9e \u968f\u610f\u547d\u540d) contract OVM_ENV { uint timestamp; //L1\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u524d\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684L2 timestamp\u5373\u53ef funtion ovm_setTimestamp(t:uint) { timestamp=t; } funtion ovm_getTimestamp() returns(uint) { return timestamp; } } 2. \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e \u4ee5Arbitrum\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8 2.1. 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\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u5165L1\u4e2d\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u6709\u6311\u6218\u8005\u53d1\u8d77\u6311\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u4ea4\u6613\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u7684\u6839hash\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6839hash\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u67092\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u3002 1.\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u5728L1\u4e0a\u5c06\u8fd9\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6613\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6811 \u6839hash\u503c\u548c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6839\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u5373\u53ef\u3002 2.\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u6311\u6218\u8005\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u5728L2\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u8f6e\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6311\u6218\u8005\u9501\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u54ea\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5177\u6709\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6027\uff0c\u7531L1\u8fdb\u884c\u88c1\u51b3\u3002L1\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6307\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u3002 \u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u5728 L2 \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6709\u540d\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e optimistic, metis \u548c boba, \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e arbitrim","title":"\u4e8c. \u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e"},{"location":"src/fraud-proof.html#1","text":"\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5Optimism\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e","title":"1. \u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e"},{"location":"src/fraud-proof.html#11","text":"\u975e\u4ea4\u6362\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c06L2\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5728L1\u4e2d\u518d\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u7684hash\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u53d1\u5e03\u4fe1\u606f\u5230L1\u4e0a\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u65b0\u65e7\u6574\u4f53\u6839hash, L1\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6536\u5230\u540e\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d8\u66f4state\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6839hash\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6311\u6218\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u8005\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b26\u5408\u65e7\u6839hash\u7684merkle\u72b6\u6001\u6811\uff0cL1\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u65e7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6d41\u7a0b\u5f97\u5230\u6839hash\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b0\u6839hash\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002 \u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793ablock.timestamp\u4f1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u533a\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5408\u7ea6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5927\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770bOptimism\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1OVM\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002","title":"1.1. \u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89e3\u6790"},{"location":"src/fraud-proof.html#12-ovm","text":"\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5728L2\u548cL1\u8fd0\u884c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u65f6\u6240\u5904\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cOptimism\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c4f\u853d\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8fc7OVM\u5c01\u88c5\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u3002 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528block.timestamp\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528ovm\u5c01\u88c5\u76841\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5ovm_getTimestamp(\u975e\u771f\u5b9e \u968f\u610f\u547d\u540d) contract OVM_ENV { uint timestamp; //L1\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u524d\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684L2 timestamp\u5373\u53ef funtion ovm_setTimestamp(t:uint) { timestamp=t; } funtion ovm_getTimestamp() returns(uint) { return timestamp; } }","title":"1.2. OVM"},{"location":"src/fraud-proof.html#2","text":"\u4ee5Arbitrum\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8","title":"2. \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e"},{"location":"src/fraud-proof.html#21-arbitrum","text":"\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b \u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4e0aL1\u4e0a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u8fd8\u662fL2\u4e0a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6811\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4ea4\u6613(\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8c03\u7528)\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6837\u5b50 \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u4ece\u72b6\u6001A \u7ecf\u8fc7N\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u72b6\u6001B\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53ef\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u5230\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c061\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u53d8\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u72b6\u6001A \u7ecf\u8fc7\u524dN/2\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53d8\u6210\u72b6\u6001X\u548c\u72b6\u6001X\u7ecf\u8fc7\u540eN/2\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u53d8\u6210\u72b6\u6001B\u3002\u9010\u6b65\u4e8c\u5206\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531L1\u6267\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5373\u53ef\u3002 \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\uff38\u662f\u53d1\u5e03\u8005 \u53d1\u5e03\u4ece\u72b6\u6001A\u7ecf\u8fc7N\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u72b6\u6001B Y\u662f\u6311\u6218\u8005\u3002 Y\u5411\uff38\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7ed9\u51fa\u7ecf\u8fc7 N/2\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\uff38\u7ed9\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u540e\uff0cY\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u524dN/2\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65e0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u540eN/2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u524d\uff2e/2\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5c31\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002Y\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\uff38\u8be2\u95ee\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u533a\u95f4N/2\u5904\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u4ee4(\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u5f97\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001)\u3002 \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2dArbitrum\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86K\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06N\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u5206\u4e3aN/K\u7ec4\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002","title":"2.1. 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\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8de8\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8de8\u94fe\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u516c\u8bc1\u4eba\u673a\u5236\uff08Notaryschemes\uff09\u3001\u4fa7\u94fe/\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff08Sidechains/relays\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u9501\u5b9a\uff08Hash-locking\uff09\u3001\u591a\u65b9\u5b89\u5168\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08MPC\uff09\uff09\u76f8\u7ee7\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u8de8\u94fe\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 2013 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0cTier Nolan \u5728 BitcoinTalk \u8bba\u575b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\uff08atomic transfers\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u53c8\u79f0\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\uff08atomic swap\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u7b14\u5b8c\u6574\u8de8\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b50\u4ea4\u6613\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6539\u8fdb\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u54c8\u5e0c\u9501\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 2014 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0cBlockStream \u9996\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u951a\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4fa7\u94fe\uff08Pegged Sidechains\uff09\u5229\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u951a\u5b9a\uff08two-way peg\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d44\u4ea7\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u79cd\u6c47\u7387\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u548c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u30022016\u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0cBlockStream \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f3a\u8054\u90a6\u4fa7\u94fe\uff08Sidechains with StrongFederations\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u7531\u591a\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7b7e\u540d\u5730\u5740\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5e76\u63d0\u5347\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3002 2015 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0cPoon \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u95ea\u7535\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Lightning Network\uff09\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u9501\u5b9a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u4ea7 BTC \u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 2015 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0cInterledger Protocol \u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u8bc1\u4eba\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u8d26\u672c\u95f4\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 2016 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0cBTC Relay \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5b9e\u73b0 BTC \u5230 ETH \u7684\u5355\u5411\u8de8\u94fe\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 2017 \u5e74\uff0cPolkadot \u548c Cosmos \u63d0\u51fa\u8de8\u94fe\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5e73\u53f0\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u540e\u6765\uff0cMPC \u8de8\u94fe\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e5f\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765, \u8de8\u94fe\u751f\u6001\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002 poly network, layerZero, layer2 rollup, AnySwap, RenBTC \u7b49\u7b49\u9879\u76ee \u8de8\u94fe\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f \u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u6781\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u6709\u94fe\u8fd8\u662f\u8054\u76df\u94fe\uff0c\u8de8\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ef7\u503c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u662f\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5411\u5916\u62d3\u5c55\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u8de8\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u516c\u8bc1\u4eba\u673a\u5236\uff08Notary schemes\uff09\uff0c 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swap\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u7b14\u5b8c\u6574\u8de8\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b50\u4ea4\u6613\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6539\u8fdb\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u54c8\u5e0c\u9501\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 2014 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0cBlockStream \u9996\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u951a\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4fa7\u94fe\uff08Pegged Sidechains\uff09\u5229\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u951a\u5b9a\uff08two-way peg\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d44\u4ea7\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u79cd\u6c47\u7387\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u548c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u30022016\u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0cBlockStream \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f3a\u8054\u90a6\u4fa7\u94fe\uff08Sidechains with 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Optimism \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48 Optimism \u662f EVM\u7b49\u6548\u7684 Optimism Rollup \u94fe\u3002 \u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002 Optimism \u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4ea4\u6613\u53d8\u5f97\u4fbf\u5b9c, \u771f\u7684\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u8d1f\u62c5\u5f97\u8d77\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 Optimism \u770b\u8d77\u6765\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6211\u4eec Optimism \u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u8fc7\u6e21\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u7f1d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684 Solidity \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5728 L1 \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6837\u5728 L2 \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u5373 UI \u548c\u94b1\u5305\uff09\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e L2 \u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u66f4\u65b0 RPC \u7aef\u70b9\u3002 ### \u4e8c. Optimism \u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u63fd Optimism \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002 Chain: \u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002 Verification: \u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6311\u6218\u4ea4\u6613\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 Bridge: \u4fc3\u8fdb\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u3002 Predeploys:\u4e00\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521b\u4e16\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u90e8\u7f72\u5e76\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5408\u7ea6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7528 Solidity \u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u524d\u7f00\u4e3a 0x42 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002 \u4e09. Optimism \u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c Optimism \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 optimistic rollup\u3002 \u5f53\u60a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\uff0c \u4f46\u4ea4\u6613\u672c\u8eab\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u6392\u5e8f\u5668 (\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u90a3\u79cd\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a)\u3002 \u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u673a\u5236\u5219\u786e\u4fdd\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u3002 Optimism \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201cOptimistic Rollup\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u7279\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u634e\u5e26\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7236\u201d\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cOptimistic Rollups \u5229\u7528\u5176\u7236\u94fe\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982 PoW \u6216 PoS\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u5728 Optimism \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7236\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002 1. \u5757\u5b58\u50a8 \u6240\u6709 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aCanonicalTransactionChain\uff08\u6216\u7b80\u79f0 CTC\uff09\u3002\u4e50\u89c2\u5757\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728 CTC \u5185\u7684\u4ec5\u9644\u52a0\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u51c6\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5757\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ec5\u9644\u52a0\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u6210\u4e86 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u94fe\u3002 \u5305\u542b\u7684CanonicalTransactionChain\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u8bc1\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u91cd\u7ec4\u5e76\u4e14\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002Optimism \u4e3b\u7f51\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u62b5\u6297\u591a\u8fbe 50 \u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u533a\u5757\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0cOptimism \u4e5f\u4f1a\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002 \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5386\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u533a\u5757\u91cd\u7ec4\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e50\u89c2\u60c5\u7eea\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u5927\u578b\u533a\u5757\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5730\uff09\uff0cOptimism \u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5c5e\u6027\u3002 2.\u5757\u751f\u4ea7 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e8f\u5217\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a \u63d0\u4f9b\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6267\u884c L2 \u5757\u3002 \u5411 L1 \u63d0\u4ea4\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u6536\u5230\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff08\u5373\u652f\u4ed8\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u5757\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5176\u672c\u5730\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u5206\u6563\u5230\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6279\u6b21\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6765\u663e\u7740\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u4f53\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u8fd8\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5bf9 L2 \u94fe\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cL2\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5305\u62ec\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684 Uniswap \u4ef7\u683c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8df3\u8fc7\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ed6\u4eecCanonicalTransactionChain\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63d0\u4ea4\u6b64\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7528\u6237\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u644a\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4eea\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u5ba1\u67e5\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528 Optimism \u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u6536\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u91d1\u3002 3.\u5757\u6267\u884c \u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684 p2p \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5757\u3002Optimism \u8282\u70b9\u76f4\u63a5\u4eceCanonicalTransactionChain\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4ec5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u533a\u5757\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u672c\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u4e0a\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002 Optimism \u8282\u70b9\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5668\u548c Optimism \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u201d CanonicalTransactionChain\uff08\u6216 DTL\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u91cd\u6784 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u94fe\u3002DTL \u641c\u7d22\u7531CanonicalTransactionChain\u8868\u660e\u65b0\u7684 Optimism \u5757\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u68c0\u67e5\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5757\u683c\u5f0f\u91cd\u5efa\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5757. Optimism\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0cOptimism \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u539f\u7248\u7684Geth. \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 Optimism \u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662fOptimism \u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u71c3\u6c14\u8ba1\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6536\u8d39\u8868. \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6b64\u67b6\u6784\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cEVM \u7b49\u6548\u201d \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u201c\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201dOptimism\u3002 Optimism \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\u5757\u7684 DTL\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5757\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c06\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b83\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728 Optimism \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u8f7d Optimism \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5bf9 DTL \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u5757\u91cd\u590d\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 4. OP \u548c ETH \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb Optimism \u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Optimism \u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u610f\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u5305\u62ec ERC20 \u4ee3\u5e01\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u786e\u5207\u673a\u5236\u56e0\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u800c\u5f02\u3002 Optimism \u5728\u6807\u51c6\u6865\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08ERC20 \u548c ETH\uff09\u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5b58\u5165 Optimism\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ece Optimism \u63d0\u53d6\u56de\u4ee5\u592a\u574a 4.1. L1->L2 \u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5411 Optimism \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u89e6\u53d1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684CanonicalTransactionChain\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u533a\u5757\u3002\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u770b\u4f3c\u6e90\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 4.2. L2->L1 Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Optimism \u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u6837\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece Optimism \u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u627f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u7684\u6839\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f. Optimism \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u627f\u8bfa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u627f\u8bfa\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u4e24\u6b21\uff09\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aStateCommitmentChain. \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u6765\u751f\u6210Merkle \u6811\u8bc1\u660e\u5173\u4e8e\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002Optimism \u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u8de8\u94fe\u901a\u4fe1\u5408\u7ea6\uff0cL1CrossDomainMessenger\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9 Optimism \u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u5757\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5408\u7ea6\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd9L2ToL1MessagePasser Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\uff08\u9884\u90e8\u7f72\u5230 Optimism \u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 Optimism \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u8bc1\u660e Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5df2\u5b58\u50a8\u5728L2ToL1MessagePasser\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6d88\u606f\u3002 5.\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e \u5728 Optimistic Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u4f1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u672a\u51b3\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6311\u6218\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u6311\u6218\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u95f4\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 7 \u5929\uff09\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u627f\u8bfa\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002 \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8fc7\u9519\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff09\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6548\uff09 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u627f\u8bfa\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0cStateCommitmentChain\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda Optimism \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda\u6709\u5173\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6545\u969c\u8bc1\u660e\u6311\u6218\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002 \u6709\u5173\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u56db. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Optimism Optimistic \u7f51\u7edc\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u53d1\u9001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a \u8fd1\u4e4e\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u3002 \u60a8\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u77e5\u9053\u60a8\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u660e\u663e\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\u3002 \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51(\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a layer 1 \u6216 L1) \u6210\u672c\u76841%\u81f310%\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff1a \u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03\u5230L1 \u4ee5\u592a\u574a, \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002 \u4e94. boba, metis \u548c optimistim \u7684\u533a\u522b boba \u548c metis \u90fd\u662f\u590d\u5236 optimistim \u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u7684\uff0cboba \u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\uff0c \u5728 Metis \u4e2d\uff0cL2 \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u6c60\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u6765 Rollup \u72b6\u6001\u6839\u5e76\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 L1 \u516c\u94fe\u3002\u5728 L1\uff0cMetis \u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u534f\u8c03 L2 \u5230 L1 \u7684\u6279\u5904\u7406\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002Metis \u4e5f\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\uff0c Metis \u57fa\u4e8e OVM \u6539\u9020\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 MVM\u3002 MVM \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u5e76\u8d21\u732e\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f L2 \u6784\u5efa\u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f Optimism \u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\uff09\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u533a\u5757\u83b7\u5f97\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cMVM \u548c Metis \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6 L2 \u5e73\u53f0\u6240\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5408\u7ea6\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMetis \u901a\u8fc7 MVM \u4e2d\u7684 IPFS \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e0e IPFS \u7f51\u7edc\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u8be5\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u7ea6\u6307\u5411\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 IPFS \u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5411\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 IPFS \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002 Boba \u76ee\u524d\u751f\u6001\u8fd8\u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c Op \u548c metis \u76ee\u524d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u76f8\u5bf9\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1aOptimistic Rollup \u4ee3\u8868\u9879\u76ee optimistim(Boba, Metis"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#optimism","text":"Optimism \u662f EVM\u7b49\u6548\u7684 Optimism Rollup \u94fe\u3002 \u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002 Optimism \u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4ea4\u6613\u53d8\u5f97\u4fbf\u5b9c, \u771f\u7684\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u8d1f\u62c5\u5f97\u8d77\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 Optimism \u770b\u8d77\u6765\u3001\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6211\u4eec Optimism \u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u8fc7\u6e21\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u7f1d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684 Solidity \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5728 L1 \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6837\u5728 L2 \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u5373 UI \u548c\u94b1\u5305\uff09\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e L2 \u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u66f4\u65b0 RPC \u7aef\u70b9\u3002 ### \u4e8c. Optimism \u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u63fd Optimism \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002 Chain: \u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002 Verification: \u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6311\u6218\u4ea4\u6613\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 Bridge: \u4fc3\u8fdb\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u3002 Predeploys:\u4e00\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521b\u4e16\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u90e8\u7f72\u5e76\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5408\u7ea6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7528 Solidity \u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u524d\u7f00\u4e3a 0x42 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002","title":"\u4e00. Optimism \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#optimism_1","text":"Optimism \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 optimistic rollup\u3002 \u5f53\u60a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\uff0c \u4f46\u4ea4\u6613\u672c\u8eab\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u6392\u5e8f\u5668 (\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u90a3\u79cd\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a)\u3002 \u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u673a\u5236\u5219\u786e\u4fdd\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u3002 Optimism \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201cOptimistic Rollup\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u7279\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u634e\u5e26\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7236\u201d\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cOptimistic Rollups \u5229\u7528\u5176\u7236\u94fe\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982 PoW \u6216 PoS\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u5728 Optimism \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7236\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002","title":"\u4e09. Optimism \u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#1","text":"\u6240\u6709 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aCanonicalTransactionChain\uff08\u6216\u7b80\u79f0 CTC\uff09\u3002\u4e50\u89c2\u5757\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728 CTC \u5185\u7684\u4ec5\u9644\u52a0\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u51c6\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5757\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ec5\u9644\u52a0\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u6210\u4e86 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u94fe\u3002 \u5305\u542b\u7684CanonicalTransactionChain\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u8bc1\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u91cd\u7ec4\u5e76\u4e14\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002Optimism \u4e3b\u7f51\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u62b5\u6297\u591a\u8fbe 50 \u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u533a\u5757\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0cOptimism \u4e5f\u4f1a\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002 \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5386\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u533a\u5757\u91cd\u7ec4\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e50\u89c2\u60c5\u7eea\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u5927\u578b\u533a\u5757\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5730\uff09\uff0cOptimism \u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5c5e\u6027\u3002","title":"1. \u5757\u5b58\u50a8"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#2","text":"Optimism \u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e8f\u5217\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a \u63d0\u4f9b\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6267\u884c L2 \u5757\u3002 \u5411 L1 \u63d0\u4ea4\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u6536\u5230\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff08\u5373\u652f\u4ed8\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u5757\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5176\u672c\u5730\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u5206\u6563\u5230\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6279\u6b21\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u6765\u663e\u7740\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u4f53\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u8fd8\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5bf9 L2 \u94fe\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cL2\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5305\u62ec\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684 Uniswap \u4ef7\u683c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8df3\u8fc7\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ed6\u4eecCanonicalTransactionChain\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63d0\u4ea4\u6b64\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7528\u6237\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u644a\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4eea\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u5ba1\u67e5\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528 Optimism \u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u6536\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u8d44\u91d1\u3002","title":"2.\u5757\u751f\u4ea7"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#3","text":"\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684 p2p \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5757\u3002Optimism \u8282\u70b9\u76f4\u63a5\u4eceCanonicalTransactionChain\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4ec5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u533a\u5757\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u672c\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u5757\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u4e0a\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002 Optimism \u8282\u70b9\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5668\u548c Optimism \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u201d CanonicalTransactionChain\uff08\u6216 DTL\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u91cd\u6784 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u94fe\u3002DTL \u641c\u7d22\u7531CanonicalTransactionChain\u8868\u660e\u65b0\u7684 Optimism \u5757\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u68c0\u67e5\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5757\u683c\u5f0f\u91cd\u5efa\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5757. Optimism\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0cOptimism \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u539f\u7248\u7684Geth. \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 Optimism \u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662fOptimism \u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u71c3\u6c14\u8ba1\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6536\u8d39\u8868. \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6b64\u67b6\u6784\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cEVM \u7b49\u6548\u201d \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u201c\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201dOptimism\u3002 Optimism \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\u5757\u7684 DTL\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5757\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5c06\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b83\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728 Optimism \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u8f7d Optimism \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u7528\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5bf9 DTL \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u5757\u91cd\u590d\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002","title":"3.\u5757\u6267\u884c"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#4-op-eth","text":"Optimism \u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Optimism \u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u610f\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u5305\u62ec ERC20 \u4ee3\u5e01\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u786e\u5207\u673a\u5236\u56e0\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u800c\u5f02\u3002 Optimism \u5728\u6807\u51c6\u6865\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08ERC20 \u548c ETH\uff09\u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5b58\u5165 Optimism\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ece Optimism \u63d0\u53d6\u56de\u4ee5\u592a\u574a","title":"4. OP \u548c ETH \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#41-l1-l2","text":"\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5411 Optimism \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u89e6\u53d1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684CanonicalTransactionChain\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728 Optimism \u533a\u5757\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u533a\u5757\u3002\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u770b\u4f3c\u6e90\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002","title":"4.1. L1->L2"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#42-l2-l1","text":"Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Optimism \u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u6837\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u751f\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ece Optimism \u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u627f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6811\u7684\u6839\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f. Optimism \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u627f\u8bfa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u627f\u8bfa\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u4e24\u6b21\uff09\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aStateCommitmentChain. \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u6765\u751f\u6210Merkle \u6811\u8bc1\u660e\u5173\u4e8e\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002Optimism \u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u8de8\u94fe\u901a\u4fe1\u5408\u7ea6\uff0cL1CrossDomainMessenger\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9 Optimism \u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u5757\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5408\u7ea6\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd9L2ToL1MessagePasser Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\uff08\u9884\u90e8\u7f72\u5230 Optimism \u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 Optimism \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u8bc1\u660e Optimism \u4e0a\u7684\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5df2\u5b58\u50a8\u5728L2ToL1MessagePasser\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6d88\u606f\u3002","title":"4.2. L2->L1"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#5","text":"\u5728 Optimistic Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u4f1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u672a\u51b3\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6311\u6218\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u6311\u6218\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u95f4\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 7 \u5929\uff09\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u627f\u8bfa\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002 \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u53d7\u5230\u8d28\u7591\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8fc7\u9519\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff09\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6548\uff09 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u627f\u8bfa\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0cStateCommitmentChain\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda Optimism \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda\u6709\u5173\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u4e50\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6545\u969c\u8bc1\u660e\u6311\u6218\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002 \u6709\u5173\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002","title":"5.\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#optimism_2","text":"Optimistic \u7f51\u7edc\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u53d1\u9001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a \u8fd1\u4e4e\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7ed3\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u3002 \u60a8\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u77e5\u9053\u60a8\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u660e\u663e\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\u3002 \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51(\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a layer 1 \u6216 L1) \u6210\u672c\u76841%\u81f310%\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff1a \u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03\u5230L1 \u4ee5\u592a\u574a, \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002","title":"\u56db. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Optimism"},{"location":"src/optimistim-metis-boba.html#boba-metis-optimistim","text":"boba \u548c metis \u90fd\u662f\u590d\u5236 optimistim \u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u7684\uff0cboba \u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\uff0c \u5728 Metis \u4e2d\uff0cL2 \u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u6c60\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\u6765 Rollup \u72b6\u6001\u6839\u5e76\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 L1 \u516c\u94fe\u3002\u5728 L1\uff0cMetis \u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u534f\u8c03 L2 \u5230 L1 \u7684\u6279\u5904\u7406\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002Metis \u4e5f\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\uff0c Metis \u57fa\u4e8e OVM \u6539\u9020\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 MVM\u3002 MVM \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u5e76\u8d21\u732e\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f L2 \u6784\u5efa\u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f Optimism \u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5668\uff09\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u533a\u5757\u83b7\u5f97\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cMVM \u548c Metis \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6 L2 \u5e73\u53f0\u6240\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5408\u7ea6\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMetis \u901a\u8fc7 MVM \u4e2d\u7684 IPFS \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e0e IPFS \u7f51\u7edc\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u8be5\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u7ea6\u6307\u5411\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 IPFS \u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5411\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 IPFS \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002 Boba \u76ee\u524d\u751f\u6001\u8fd8\u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c Op \u548c metis \u76ee\u524d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u76f8\u5bf9\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002","title":"\u4e94. boba, metis \u548c optimistim \u7684\u533a\u522b"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html","text":"\u4e00. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Zk Rollup \u5728 ZK-Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e (SNARK)\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Rollup \u5408\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a SNARK \u8bc1\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7531\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6b63\u786e\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0\u8d26\u6237\u4f59\u989d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u65e7\u7684 Merkle \u6839\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e0\u6548\u6216\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c47\u603b\uff08zk-Rollups \uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5229\u7528\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6cc4\u9732\u8d85\u51fa\u4ea4\u6613\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u5757\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u5df2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6548\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0czk-Rollup \u534f\u8bae\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u548c\u4e2d\u7ee7\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1a \u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u201cto\u201d\u548c\u201cfrom\u201d\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff08nonce\uff09\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u5730\u5740\u51cf\u5c11\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u503c\u4ea7\u751f\u5b58\u6b3e\u548c\u53d6\u6b3e\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aMerkle \u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u503c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002 \u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u521b\u5efa\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u7b80\u6d01\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u8bc1 (zk-SNARK)\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u94b1\u5305\u4f59\u989d\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6563\u5217\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ee7\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u653e\u5165\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5584\u610f\u884c\u4e8b\u3002 \u4e8c. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Optimistic Rollup \u5728Optimistic Rollup\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u88ab Rollup \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u6216\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u89c2\u5bdf L1 Rollup \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5411\u65e0\u6548\u4ea4\u6613\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u524a\u51cf\u6076\u610f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546. OR \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531 John Adler \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u60c5 Rollups\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u3002Rollups \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4fa7\u94fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u4fa7\u94fe\u662f\u4e92\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u79bb\u5f00\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u62e5\u585e\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u76ee\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff08TPS\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 1,000 TPS\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5173\u952e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4f20\u56de\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u6c47\u603b\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5c06\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6eda\u52a8\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u5c06\u6c47\u603b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0e\u4fa7\u94fe\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e8\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e09\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u3002 \u4e09. Zk Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 1. \u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u8f83 1.1 Optimistic Rollup \u5c3d\u7ba1 Optimistic Rollup \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46Plasma Group\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u662f OVM\uff1aOptimistic Virtual Machine\u3002OVM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728 OVM \u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u53ef\u7ec4\u5408\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e EVM\u3001EWASM \u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002 OVM \u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0e EVM \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u5728 Solidity \u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u79fb\u690d\u5230 OR \u4e0a\u3002 \u5982\u679c OVM \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684 EVM \u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u5c06\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e (CALLDATA) \u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684 Truebit/Plasma Leap \u98ce\u683c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6311\u6218/\u54cd\u5e94\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 EVM \u51fa\u73b0\u5206\u6b67\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u8fb9\u7f18\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u73b0\u6709\u7684 OVM \u5408\u7ea6\u3002 \u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5927\u5757\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6bd4 L1 \u5757\u6c14\u4f53\u9650\u5236\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a ETH \u4ea4\u6613\u3002 1.2. Zk Rollup \u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0cZK-Rollup \u7684\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u60a8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u90fd\u53ea\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee3\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e (ZKP)\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8bc1\u660e\u7ec4\u5408\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u805a\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u662f\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5faa\u73af\u4e0a\u7684Groth16\uff08\u7531 Coda \u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u957f\u573a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0cGroth16 \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4eea\u5f0f\uff01\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684 ZKP \u6280\u672f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e FRI \u7684 STARKs\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u53ea\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u7535\u8def\uff09\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a STARK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f02\u6784\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002 \u968f\u7740SNORKs\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0cSNORKs \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u539f\u8bed\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3 ZKP\u2014\u2014\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u3002Sonic\u7531 Sean Bowe \u9996\u521b\uff0c2019 \u5e74\u590f\u5b63PLONK\u548cMarlin\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u73b0\u5728\u5c06\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u91cd\u590d\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Kate \u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6548\u7684\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u900f\u660e\uff08\u65e0\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Halo\u3001SuperSonic\u3001Fractal \uff0c\u4ee5\u53caMatter Labs \u56e2\u961f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 \u957f\u8bdd\u77ed\u8bf4\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5728 ZKP \u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002ZK Rollup \u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u4e0e EVM \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u7f1d\u7ec4\u5408\u6027\u548c\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u5408\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 DSL\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 Solidity \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u5929\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e ZKP \u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u6280\u672f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u7684 ETH\uff08\u751a\u81f3 EWASM\uff09\u5408\u7ea6\u90fd\u80fd\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6709\u6548\u5730\u79fb\u690d\u3002 2. \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c 2.1. Optimistic Rollup \u6839\u636e John Adler\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728 EIP2028/Istanbul \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93 tx \u5927\u7ea6 4k gas\u3002 \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ea6 100 TPS \u4f7f\u7528 BLS \u7b7e\u540d\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 ~500 TPS\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u7834\u574f EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0ctx \u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5f88\u957f\uff09\u3002 \u5982\u679c EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u957f\u5230 ZKR \u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002 \u5b9e\u9645\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u4ee4\u724c\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\uff1a500 TPS\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002 2.2. ZK Rollup Matter Testnet \u4e2d\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93 tx \u7684\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u6210\u672c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a 16 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5728 EIP2028/Istanbul \u4e4b\u540e\u5c06\u82b1\u8d39 272 gas\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u644a\u9500\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e3a 300k gas\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f 1M \u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0a\u9650\u4ecd\u5c06\u8d85\u8fc7 2140 TPS\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u542c\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4 ZKP \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u662f\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9884\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u663e\u7740\u4e0b\u964d\u3002 2.3. \u5b9e\u9645\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u4ee3\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\uff1a\u8d85\u8fc7 2000 TPS \u2014 \u7c7b\u4f3c Visa \u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u4f8b\uff0cZK Rollup \u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u663e\u7740\u7684\u8282\u7701\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u5927\u5757\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 ZK \u7535\u8def\u89c1\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u589e\u91cf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u867d\u7136 OR \u603b\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u5e03\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 ZK \u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u9009\u62e9 1) \u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u5165\u51cf\u53bb\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca 2) \u4ec5\u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002 \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a \u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7b7e\u540d\u94b1\u5305\u3001\u5177\u6709 Argent \u98ce\u683c\u8d26\u6237\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u94b1\u5305\u6216\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u7b7e\u540d\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5408\u7ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u589e\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u3002 \u50cf Gnosis \u7684 Dfusion \u8377\u5170 DEX \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 3. \u53d1\u5e03 ETH 2.0 \u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55 Rollup \u90fd\u5c06\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 CALLDATA \u7684\u6210\u672c\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca Rollup \u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff09\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u592a\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5e26\u5bbd\u901a\u5e38\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002 4. \u5143\u4ea4\u6613 \u4e24\u4e2a\u6c47\u603b\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5143\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u5e10\u6237\u62bd\u8c61\u3002 5. \u5b89\u5168 5.1. Optimistic Rollup \u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8\u6e20\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cRollup \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6301\u6709\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Rollup \u662f IMHO \u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u4ef7\u503c\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u6216\u6570\u4ebf\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\uff09\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0cRollup \u5408\u7ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e5\u540d\u9ed1\u5ba2\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u871c\u7f50\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002 OR \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a \u81f3\u5c11\u6709 N \u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709 OR \u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65e0\u6548\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u63d0\u4ea4\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff1b \u5e95\u5c42 L1 \u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u6027\u3002 5.1.1 1-of-N \u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005 \u81f3\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u53ea\u6709 Rollup \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u6fc0\u52b1\u53bb\u68c0\u67e5\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u533a\u5757\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u65e0\u6548\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60e9\u7f5a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 N \u4e2d 1 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\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4ee5\u79d8\u5bc6\u5b89\u88c5\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b0\u5206\u53d1\u7528\u4e8e\u6c47\u603b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653b\u51fb\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u653b\u51fb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u77ff\u5de5\u8981\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f97\u591a\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9 OR \u7684\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u3002 5.1.2 L1 \u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u6027 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\u6211\u9080\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u6b21\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca Vitalik Buterin \u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9 51% \u5ba1\u67e5\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002 \u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5728 PoW \u4e0b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u60e9\u7f5a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u533f\u540d\u77ff\u5de5\u3002 \u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230 PoS 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\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u793e\u533a\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c63% \u7684\u4eba\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e0\u8bba\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u624b\u52a8\u5e72\u9884\u4ee5\u6551\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u6d88\u706d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u4e86\u3002 2019 \u5e74 11 \u6708 26 \u65e5\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5171\u8c0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9 PoS \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65b0\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e PoS \u4e2d OR \u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u653b\u51fb\u98ce\u9669\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0e PoW \u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u9ad8\u3002 \u62b5\u5fa1\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728 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\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u53c9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u5927\u58f0\u7834\u574f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u670d\u4ece\u653b\u51fb\u8005\uff08\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e14\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8f6f\u5206\u53c9\uff09\u3002 \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5728 1 \u5230 2 \u5468\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u6311\u6218\u671f\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cOR \u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\uff1a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546/\u77ff\u5de5\u52fe\u7ed3\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u9ebb\u70e6\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6c47\u603b\u503c\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6f5c\u4f0f\u7684\u9ed1\u5929\u9e45\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u504f\u6267\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002 5.2. ZK Rollup \u5728 ZK Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u5728\u751f\u6548\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u7531 Rollup \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7a83\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\u6216\u7834\u574f Rollup \u72b6\u6001\u3002ZKR \u4f9d\u8d56 L1 \u7684\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002ZKR \u65e0\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u62d2\u7edd\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u91d1\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u6536\u56de\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cZKR \u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53d6\u4ee3\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u65b9\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f39\u6027\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u5230 ZKR \u7279\u6709\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u3002 5.2.1.\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e \u5982\u679c ZK Rollup \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 ZKP \u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 N \u4e2d 1 \u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u53bb\u4fe1\u4efb SNARK \u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728 Matter Labs \u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 5.2.2. \u5bc6\u7801\u5b66 \u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684 SNARK \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6bd4 Groth16 \u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u8003\u9a8c\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u539f\u8bed\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 Matter Labs \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e FRI\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u540e\u91cf\u5b50\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u9759\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u7f13\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a \u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u7248\u672c\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u90e8\u7f72\u5927\u91cf\u8d4f\u91d1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e RSA \u6311\u6218\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5728\u7834\u89e3\u751f\u4ea7\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u6570\u5e74\u6253\u7834\u6311\u6218\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u5fc5\u987b\u53ea\u80fd\u7531 ZKR \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c06\u5145\u5f53 2-Factor \u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42\u3002 6. \u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6700\u7ec8\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09 6.1. Optimistic Rollup \u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cOptimistic Rollup \u53ea\u80fd\u5728 1-2 \u5468\u7684\u9632\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6311\u6218\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea4\u6613\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u90e8 Rollup tx\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u8be2\u671f\u5185\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5757\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u6216\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6062\u590d\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5728 PoW \u4e0b\uff09\uff1a2 \u5468\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5728 PoS \u4e0b\uff09\uff1a1 \u5468\u3002 6.2. ZK Rollup \u76ee\u524d ZKP \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a 1000 tx \u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u666e\u901a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c 20 \u5206\u949f\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684 GPU \u8bc1\u660e\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u7531Matter Labs\u548cCoda\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06 tx \u901f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ea6 10 \u500d\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u4e13\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u5728 1 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u770b\u5230\u533a\u5757\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u73b0\u5728\uff09\uff1a20 \u5206\u949f\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u672a\u6765\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u5230 1 \u5206\u949f\u3002 7. Rollup \u5185\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u5411\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51fa\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u5c06\u88ab\u524a\u51cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8eNFT\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u6b64\u7c7b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u7acb\u5373\u201c\u51fa\u552e\u201d\u5b83\u65f6\uff09\u548c\u901a\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u679c\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5148\u524d\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51c6\u786e\u91cf\u5316\u8d27\u5e01\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u94b1\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u98ce\u9669\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u60a8\u63a5\u53d7\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e01\u9884\u8a00\u673a\u4ef7\u683c\u5e7f\u64ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ef7\u683c\uff1f\uff09 8. \u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e \u5feb\u901f\u9000\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5185\u5377\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5411\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u8d77\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u63d0\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u9000\u51fa\u4ea4\u6613\u5728 Rollup \u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u62b5\u62bc\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe OR \u4e3a 1 \u5468\u548c ZKR \u4e3a 5 \u5206\u949f\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8fd1\u671f\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cOR \u5c06\u9700\u8981 2000 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u62b5\u62bc\u54c1\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e0e ZKR \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6bcf\u5468\u63d0\u6b3e\u91cf\u3002 9. \u9690\u79c1 9.1. Optimistic Rollup Optimistic Rollup \u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301 L2 \u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u5668\u7b49\uff09\u4e0a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u79c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7531\u4e8e OR \u672c\u8eab\u662f L2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u79c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a L3 \u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9690\u79c1\u670d\u52a1\u66f4\u52a0\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u533f\u540d\u96c6\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u6548\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528 zcash \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\uff09\u3002 9.2. ZK Rollup \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cZKR \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u534f\u8bae\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u533a\u5206\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff08ZK ZK Rollup \u98ce\u683c\uff09\u3002 \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u5168\u533f\u540d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 zcash \u98ce\u683c\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9690\u85cf\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9690\u85cf\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5c06 ZK Rollup \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e10\u6237\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e UTXO\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u592a\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002 \u4e09. \u672c\u6587\u5c0f\u7ed3 Optimistic Rollup \u76ee\u524d\u5904\u4e8e PoC \u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u79fb\u690d\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u5b83\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1aL2 \u652f\u6301\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u94b1\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u8a00\u673a\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u5411 OR \u5e7f\u64ad\u7b49\u3002 ZK Rollup \u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ERC-20 \u4ee3\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u7528\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8d70\u66f4\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e EVM \u548c WASM \u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u79fb\u690d\u5230 ZK Rollup \u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u94b1\u5305\u3001\u9884\u8a00\u673a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9 L2 \u6269\u5c55\u6280\u672f\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Optimistic Rollup \u6bd4 ZK-Rollup \u66f4\u65e9\u5730\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u901a\u7528 EVM \u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u533a\u91c7\u7528 L2 \u7684\u52a8\u529b, \u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d Zk sync \u4e5f\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 EVM \u3002\u5230\u5e95\u540e\u9762\u80dc\u8d1f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u548c dapps\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a Rollup \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a Rollup \u5c06\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u4ece ETH \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 L2 \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u6865\u6881\u5c06\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u987a\u7545\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6613\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5728 UX \u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u663e\u7740\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\u3002 \u65e0\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\u5c06\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u793e\u533a\u3002","title":"\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1aOptimistic Rollup \u548c Zk rollup \u7684\u533a\u522b\u8054\u7cfb"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#zk-rollup","text":"\u5728 ZK-Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e (SNARK)\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Rollup \u5408\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a SNARK \u8bc1\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7531\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6b63\u786e\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0\u8d26\u6237\u4f59\u989d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u65e7\u7684 Merkle \u6839\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e0\u6548\u6216\u88ab\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c47\u603b\uff08zk-Rollups \uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5229\u7528\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6cc4\u9732\u8d85\u51fa\u4ea4\u6613\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u5757\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u5df2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6548\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0czk-Rollup \u534f\u8bae\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u548c\u4e2d\u7ee7\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1a \u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u201cto\u201d\u548c\u201cfrom\u201d\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff08nonce\uff09\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u5730\u5740\u51cf\u5c11\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4ef7\u503c\u4ea7\u751f\u5b58\u6b3e\u548c\u53d6\u6b3e\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aMerkle \u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u503c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002 \u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u521b\u5efa\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u7b80\u6d01\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u8bc1 (zk-SNARK)\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u94b1\u5305\u4f59\u989d\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6563\u5217\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ee7\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u653e\u5165\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5584\u610f\u884c\u4e8b\u3002","title":"\u4e00. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Zk Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#optimistic-rollup","text":"\u5728Optimistic Rollup\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6839\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u88ab Rollup \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u6216\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u89c2\u5bdf L1 Rollup \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5411\u65e0\u6548\u4ea4\u6613\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u524a\u51cf\u6076\u610f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546. OR \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531 John Adler \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u60c5 Rollups\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u3002Rollups \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4fa7\u94fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u4fa7\u94fe\u662f\u4e92\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u79bb\u5f00\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u62e5\u585e\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u76ee\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u79d2 15 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff08TPS\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 1,000 TPS\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5173\u952e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4f20\u56de\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u6c47\u603b\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5c06\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6eda\u52a8\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u5c06\u6c47\u603b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0e\u4fa7\u94fe\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e8\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e09\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u3002","title":"\u4e8c. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Optimistic Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#zk-rollup-optimistic-rollup","text":"","title":"\u4e09. Zk Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#1","text":"","title":"1. \u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u8f83"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#11-optimistic-rollup","text":"\u5c3d\u7ba1 Optimistic Rollup \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46Plasma Group\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u662f OVM\uff1aOptimistic Virtual Machine\u3002OVM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728 OVM \u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u53ef\u7ec4\u5408\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e EVM\u3001EWASM \u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002 OVM \u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0e EVM \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u5728 Solidity \u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u79fb\u690d\u5230 OR \u4e0a\u3002 \u5982\u679c OVM \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684 EVM \u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u5c06\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e (CALLDATA) \u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684 Truebit/Plasma Leap \u98ce\u683c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6311\u6218/\u54cd\u5e94\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 EVM \u51fa\u73b0\u5206\u6b67\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u8fb9\u7f18\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u73b0\u6709\u7684 OVM \u5408\u7ea6\u3002 \u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5927\u5757\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6bd4 L1 \u5757\u6c14\u4f53\u9650\u5236\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a ETH \u4ea4\u6613\u3002","title":"1.1 Optimistic Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#12-zk-rollup","text":"\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0cZK-Rollup \u7684\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u60a8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u90fd\u53ea\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee3\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e (ZKP)\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8bc1\u660e\u7ec4\u5408\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u805a\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u662f\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5faa\u73af\u4e0a\u7684Groth16\uff08\u7531 Coda \u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u957f\u573a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0cGroth16 \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4eea\u5f0f\uff01\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684 ZKP \u6280\u672f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e FRI \u7684 STARKs\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u53ea\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u7535\u8def\uff09\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a STARK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f02\u6784\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002 \u968f\u7740SNORKs\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0cSNORKs \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u539f\u8bed\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3 ZKP\u2014\u2014\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u3002Sonic\u7531 Sean Bowe \u9996\u521b\uff0c2019 \u5e74\u590f\u5b63PLONK\u548cMarlin\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u73b0\u5728\u5c06\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u91cd\u590d\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Kate \u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6548\u7684\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u900f\u660e\uff08\u65e0\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Halo\u3001SuperSonic\u3001Fractal \uff0c\u4ee5\u53caMatter Labs \u56e2\u961f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 \u957f\u8bdd\u77ed\u8bf4\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5728 ZKP \u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002ZK Rollup \u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u4e0e EVM \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u7f1d\u7ec4\u5408\u6027\u548c\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u5408\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 DSL\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 Solidity \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u5929\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e ZKP \u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u6280\u672f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u7684 ETH\uff08\u751a\u81f3 EWASM\uff09\u5408\u7ea6\u90fd\u80fd\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6709\u6548\u5730\u79fb\u690d\u3002","title":"1.2. Zk Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#2","text":"","title":"2. \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#21-optimistic-rollup","text":"\u6839\u636e John Adler\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728 EIP2028/Istanbul \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93 tx \u5927\u7ea6 4k gas\u3002 \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ea6 100 TPS \u4f7f\u7528 BLS \u7b7e\u540d\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 ~500 TPS\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u7834\u574f EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0ctx \u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5f88\u957f\uff09\u3002 \u5982\u679c EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u957f\u5230 ZKR \u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002 \u5b9e\u9645\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u4ee4\u724c\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\uff1a500 TPS\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002","title":"2.1. Optimistic Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#22-zk-rollup","text":"Matter Testnet \u4e2d\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93 tx \u7684\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u6210\u672c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a 16 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5728 EIP2028/Istanbul \u4e4b\u540e\u5c06\u82b1\u8d39 272 gas\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u644a\u9500\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e3a 300k gas\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f 1M \u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0a\u9650\u4ecd\u5c06\u8d85\u8fc7 2140 TPS\u3002 \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u542c\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4 ZKP \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u662f\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9884\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u663e\u7740\u4e0b\u964d\u3002","title":"2.2. ZK Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#23-2000-tps-visa","text":"\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u4f8b\uff0cZK Rollup \u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u663e\u7740\u7684\u8282\u7701\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u5927\u5757\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 ZK \u7535\u8def\u89c1\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u589e\u91cf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u867d\u7136 OR \u603b\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u5e03\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 ZK \u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u9009\u62e9 1) \u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u5165\u51cf\u53bb\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca 2) \u4ec5\u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002 \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a \u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7b7e\u540d\u94b1\u5305\u3001\u5177\u6709 Argent \u98ce\u683c\u8d26\u6237\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u94b1\u5305\u6216\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u7b7e\u540d\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5408\u7ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u589e\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u3002 \u50cf Gnosis \u7684 Dfusion \u8377\u5170 DEX \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002","title":"2.3. \u5b9e\u9645\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u4ee3\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\uff1a\u8d85\u8fc7 2000 TPS \u2014 \u7c7b\u4f3c Visa \u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#3-eth-20","text":"\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55 Rollup \u90fd\u5c06\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 CALLDATA \u7684\u6210\u672c\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca Rollup \u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff09\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u592a\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5e26\u5bbd\u901a\u5e38\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002","title":"3. \u53d1\u5e03 ETH 2.0"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#4","text":"\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c47\u603b\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5143\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u5e10\u6237\u62bd\u8c61\u3002","title":"4. \u5143\u4ea4\u6613"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#5","text":"","title":"5. \u5b89\u5168"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#51-optimistic-rollup","text":"\u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8\u6e20\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cRollup \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6301\u6709\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Rollup \u662f IMHO \u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u4ef7\u503c\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u6216\u6570\u4ebf\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\uff09\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0cRollup \u5408\u7ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e5\u540d\u9ed1\u5ba2\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u871c\u7f50\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002 OR \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a \u81f3\u5c11\u6709 N \u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709 OR \u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65e0\u6548\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u63d0\u4ea4\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff1b \u5e95\u5c42 L1 \u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u6027\u3002","title":"5.1. Optimistic Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#511-1-of-n","text":"\u81f3\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u53ea\u6709 Rollup \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u6fc0\u52b1\u53bb\u68c0\u67e5\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u533a\u5757\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u65e0\u6548\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60e9\u7f5a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 N \u4e2d 1 \u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff08\u6570\u767e\u4eba\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\uff09\u3001\u8d3f\u8d42/\u52d2\u7d22 Devops 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ZK Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#521","text":"\u5982\u679c ZK Rollup \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 ZKP \u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 N \u4e2d 1 \u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u53bb\u4fe1\u4efb SNARK \u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728 Matter Labs \u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002","title":"5.2.1.\u53ef\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#522","text":"\u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684 SNARK \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6bd4 Groth16 \u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u8003\u9a8c\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u539f\u8bed\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 Matter Labs \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e FRI\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u540e\u91cf\u5b50\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u9759\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u7f13\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a \u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u7248\u672c\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u90e8\u7f72\u5927\u91cf\u8d4f\u91d1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e RSA \u6311\u6218\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5728\u7834\u89e3\u751f\u4ea7\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u6570\u5e74\u6253\u7834\u6311\u6218\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u5fc5\u987b\u53ea\u80fd\u7531 ZKR \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c06\u5145\u5f53 2-Factor \u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42\u3002","title":"5.2.2. \u5bc6\u7801\u5b66"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#6","text":"","title":"6. \u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6700\u7ec8\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#61-optimistic-rollup","text":"\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cOptimistic Rollup \u53ea\u80fd\u5728 1-2 \u5468\u7684\u9632\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6311\u6218\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea4\u6613\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u90e8 Rollup tx\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u8be2\u671f\u5185\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5757\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u6216\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6062\u590d\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5728 PoW \u4e0b\uff09\uff1a2 \u5468\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5728 PoS \u4e0b\uff09\uff1a1 \u5468\u3002","title":"6.1. Optimistic Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#62-zk-rollup","text":"\u76ee\u524d ZKP \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a 1000 tx \u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u666e\u901a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c 20 \u5206\u949f\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684 GPU \u8bc1\u660e\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u7531Matter Labs\u548cCoda\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06 tx \u901f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ea6 10 \u500d\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u4e13\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u5728 1 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u770b\u5230\u533a\u5757\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u73b0\u5728\uff09\uff1a20 \u5206\u949f\u3002 \u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u672a\u6765\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u5230 1 \u5206\u949f\u3002","title":"6.2. ZK Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#7-rollup","text":"\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u5411\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51fa\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u5c06\u88ab\u524a\u51cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8eNFT\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u6b64\u7c7b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u7acb\u5373\u201c\u51fa\u552e\u201d\u5b83\u65f6\uff09\u548c\u901a\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u679c\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5148\u524d\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51c6\u786e\u91cf\u5316\u8d27\u5e01\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u94b1\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u98ce\u9669\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u60a8\u63a5\u53d7\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e01\u9884\u8a00\u673a\u4ef7\u683c\u5e7f\u64ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ef7\u683c\uff1f\uff09","title":"7. Rollup \u5185\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#8","text":"\u5feb\u901f\u9000\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5185\u5377\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5411\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u8d77\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u63d0\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u9000\u51fa\u4ea4\u6613\u5728 Rollup \u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u62b5\u62bc\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe OR \u4e3a 1 \u5468\u548c ZKR \u4e3a 5 \u5206\u949f\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8fd1\u671f\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cOR \u5c06\u9700\u8981 2000 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u62b5\u62bc\u54c1\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e0e ZKR \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6bcf\u5468\u63d0\u6b3e\u91cf\u3002","title":"8. \u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#9","text":"","title":"9. \u9690\u79c1"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#91-optimistic-rollup","text":"Optimistic Rollup \u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301 L2 \u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u5668\u7b49\uff09\u4e0a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u79c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7531\u4e8e OR \u672c\u8eab\u662f L2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u79c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a L3 \u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9690\u79c1\u670d\u52a1\u66f4\u52a0\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u533f\u540d\u96c6\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u6548\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528 zcash \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\uff09\u3002","title":"9.1. Optimistic Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#92-zk-rollup","text":"\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cZKR \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u534f\u8bae\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u533a\u5206\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff08ZK ZK Rollup \u98ce\u683c\uff09\u3002 \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u5168\u533f\u540d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613 zcash \u98ce\u683c\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9690\u85cf\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9690\u85cf\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff09\u9700\u8981\u5c06 ZK Rollup \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e10\u6237\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e UTXO\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u592a\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002","title":"9.2. ZK Rollup"},{"location":"src/oz-rollup.html#_1","text":"Optimistic Rollup \u76ee\u524d\u5904\u4e8e PoC \u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u79fb\u690d\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u5b83\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1aL2 \u652f\u6301\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u94b1\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u8a00\u673a\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u5411 OR \u5e7f\u64ad\u7b49\u3002 ZK Rollup \u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ERC-20 \u4ee3\u5e01\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u7528\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8d70\u66f4\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e EVM \u548c WASM \u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u79fb\u690d\u5230 ZK Rollup \u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u94b1\u5305\u3001\u9884\u8a00\u673a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9 L2 \u6269\u5c55\u6280\u672f\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Optimistic Rollup \u6bd4 ZK-Rollup \u66f4\u65e9\u5730\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u901a\u7528 EVM \u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u533a\u91c7\u7528 L2 \u7684\u52a8\u529b, \u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d Zk sync \u4e5f\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 EVM \u3002\u5230\u5e95\u540e\u9762\u80dc\u8d1f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u548c dapps\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a Rollup \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a Rollup \u5c06\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u4ece ETH \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 L2 \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u6865\u6881\u5c06\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u987a\u7545\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6613\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5728 UX \u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u663e\u7740\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\u3002 \u65e0\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8d62\u5bb6\u5c06\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u793e\u533a\u3002","title":"\u4e09. \u672c\u6587\u5c0f\u7ed3"},{"location":"src/ozv.html","text":"","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1aOptimistic Rollup\uff0c Zk rollup \u548c Validium\u603b\u7ed3"},{"location":"src/plasma.html","text":"Plasma \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u4e8c\u5c42\u6269\u5bb9\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece 2017 \u5e74\u88ab Joseph Poon\uff08Lightning Network \u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff09\u548c Vitalik Buterin \uff08Ethereum \u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9, 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\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4fa7\u94fe\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fa7\u94fe\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u76d7\uff01\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002Plasma \u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u6839\u94fe\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u80fd\u591f\u5ec9\u4ef7\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002Plasma \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fa7\u94fe\u53d1\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u4ea7\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u5230\u6839\u94fe\u3002 \u4e8c. Plasma \u7b80\u4ecb \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cPlasma \u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u751f\u6001\u6240\u8c13 \u201cLayer 2\u201d \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fa7\u94fe\u53d1\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u4ea7\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u5230\u6839\u94fe\uff1bPlasma \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u727a\u7272\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea4\u6613\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u4e09. Plasma \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282 1. \u5b58\u6b3e Plasma \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u94fe\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa Plasma Chain \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709 Plasma \u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u5728\u5c06\u4e3b\u94fe\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83 ERC20 \u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u5e03\u7684 token\uff09\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230 Plasma Chain \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08Deposit\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u6216 token\u3002Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u6536\u5230 Deposit \u4ea4\u6613\u540e\u4f1a\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u8ddf Deposit \u6570\u989d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5305\u8fdb\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b58\u6b3e\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u6b3e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u7ed9\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u8005\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u7b49\uff09\u3002 2.\u94fe\u4e0b\u6267\u884c Plasma \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u201c\u6839\u94fe\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6839\u94fe\u5f80\u5f80\u901f\u5ea6\u7f13\u6162\u4e14\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6839\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e4b\u5916\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Plasma MVP\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u5b58\u6b3e\u548c\u53d6\u6b3e\uff0c\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u4ea7/\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u51fa\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u3002 3. \u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4 \u5f53\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u94fe\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u94fe\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f53\u6709\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4\uff08State Commitment\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u94fe\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5171\u8bc6\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u663e\u7136\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86 Plasma \u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u5728 Plasma \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u662f Merkle Tree \u7684\u6839\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea4\u6613\u60c5\u51b5\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5b50\u94fe\u533a\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002 \u5f53\u6709\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b50\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u4ea4\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5c06\u88ab\u56de\u6eda\u3002 4.\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff08Fraud Proof\uff09 Plasma \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6784\u9020\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff08Fraud Proof\uff09\u3002\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u53ea\u8981\u53d1\u5e03\u533a\u5757\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u542b\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u88ab\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7559\u51fa\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u5c06\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\uff0c\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002Plasma \u4e2d\u7684\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff09\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a \u8d44\u4ea7\u53ef\u82b1\u8d39\u8bc1\u660e \u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e \u5b58\u53d6\u6b3e\u8bc1\u660e \u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u79cd\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645 Plasma \u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u5219\u3002 \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5b58\u6709 1-4 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u533a\u5757 1-3 \u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u533a\u5757 4 \u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 1-4 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u533a\u5757 1-3\u3002 \u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff08zk-SNARKs \u6216\u8005 STARKs\uff09\u6765\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u6210\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684 Plasma \u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u5728 Plasma \u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411 5.\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Withdrawal\uff09 \u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Withdrawal\uff09\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d6\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d6\u6b3e\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9000\u51fa\uff08Exit\uff09\u3002\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f Plasma \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4\u6b65\u9aa4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u8d44\u4ea7\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Simple Withdrawal\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u6263\u7559\uff08Withholding\uff09\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u5373\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u77ff\u5de5\u6076\u610f\u6263\u7559\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u53cc\u82b1\u653b\u51fb\u7b49\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u8d44\u4ea7\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Mass Withdrawal\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6709\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u3002 5.1. \u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Simple Withdrawal\uff09 \u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u6240\u8981\u53d6\u56de\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a \u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Plasma \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u5df2\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u6570\u989d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\uff08UTXO\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u94fe\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4f59\u989d\u5fc5\u987b\u5168\u90e8\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53d6\u6b3e\u6570\u989d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u62bc\u91d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002 \u5f53\u53d6\u6b3e\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u201c\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\uff08Challenge Period\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u53d6\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u989d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u5185\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d6\u6b3e\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u62bc\u91d1\u88ab\u6263\u9664\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u533a\u5757\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6309\u7167\u201c\u5148\u6765\u540e\u5230\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u5f53\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u8005\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u8d44\u4ea7\u6210\u529f\u53d6\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002 5.2.\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Fast Withdrawal\uff09 \u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Fast Withdrawal\uff09\u8ddf\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\uff0c\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u4e0a\u79f0\u4e3a Liquidity Provider\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a LP\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u60f3\u7b49\u5f85\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u4e00\u5468\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4ece LP \u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u6b3e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9 LP \u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Plasma \u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u592a\u8fc7\u6666\u6da9\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003 kfichter \u63d0\u51fa\u7684 Simple Fast Withdrawal[3] \u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u65b9\u548c LP \u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u5408\u7ea6\uff08liquidity contract\uff09\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53d6\u6b3e\u65b9\u662f Alice\uff0c\u5979\u60f3\u8981\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u5c06 10 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u4ece\u5b50\u94fe\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u5979\u9996\u5148\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001 10 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u5b50\u94fe\u6253\u5305\u6210\u533a\u5757\u540e\uff0cAlice \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6 Alice \u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u5979\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684 token\u3002Bob \u4f5c\u4e3a LP\uff0c\u4ed6\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\u8bc1\u660e Alice \u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\u613f\u610f\u4ee5 9 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e2a token\u3002Alice \u5c06 token \u5356\u7ed9 Bob\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86 9 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff0cBob \u8d5a\u53d6\u4e86 1 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u6263\u7559\u533a\u5757\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a LP \u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53d6\u6b3e\u65b9\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5386\u53f2\u3002 5.3. \u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Mass Withdrawal\uff09 \u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6709\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u6263\u7559\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u540e\u751f\u6210\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5feb\u901f\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Mass Withdrawal\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u53d6\u6b3e\u65f6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e3b\u94fe\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a\u7684 gas\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u662f\u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u65f6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002 \u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7531\u4e8e\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08UTXO \u6a21\u578b\u6216\u8005\u8d26\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u4f1a\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002 \u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6709\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u534f\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u626e\u6f14\u53d6\u6b3e\u5904\u7406\u4eba\uff08Exit Processor\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a EP\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f53\u524d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62a5\u916c\u3002EP \u5c06\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u56fe\uff08bitmap\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e320/1\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u8981\u6267\u884c\u53d6\u6b3e\u3002\u4e4b\u540e EP \u5c06\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d6\u6b3e\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u91cf\u9000\u51fa\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\uff08Mass Exit Initiation Transaction\uff0cMEIT\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u5728 MEIT \u88ab\u4e3b\u94fe\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u5f53\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0cMEIT \u88ab\u4e3b\u94fe\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u6210\u529f\u3002 \u56db. Plasma \u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9 1. \u4f18\u70b9 \u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u5757\u6839\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4fa7\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u4ea7\u533a\u5757\u5e76\u6c38\u8fdc\u9501\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u5757\u6839\u6765\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728 Plasma \u94fe\u4e0a\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u200b\u200b\u56e0\u6b64 Plasma \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff01\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u505c\u6b62\u521b\u5efa\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5757\u6839\u5411\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u63d0\u51fa\u7d22\u8d54\uff08\u201c\u6211\u58f0\u79f0\u6211\u5728\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u6709 10 \u4e2a ETH\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u63d0\u53d6\u5b83\u3002\u201d\uff09\u3002 \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6bd4\u4fa7\u94fe\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u624d\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0e\u4e3b\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u4e00\u6837\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u4fa7\u94fe\u4ec5\u4e0e\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u4e00\u6837\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff01\uff09\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002 2. \u7f3a\u70b9 \u6240\u4ee5\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e3b\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e00\u6837\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f \u597d\u5427\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa7\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u4fa7\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d70\u8fd0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f7f\u5f97\u505a\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9690\u542b\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u4fa7\u94fe\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u3002 \u5728\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5047\u8bbe\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u957f\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4 1 \u5e74\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u9501\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u76f8\u4fe1\u4fa7\u94fe\u5c06\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u60a8\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5408\u7ea6\u653e\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u51fa\u6846\u6846\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5982\u679c\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u9501\u5408\u7ea6\u79fb\u56de\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6bd4\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002 \u5f53\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4ec5\u6301\u6709\u60a8\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9501\u5b9a\u5408\u7ea6\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u79fb\u52a8\u5408\u7ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a 100 \u4eba\u6301\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9501\u5b9a\u5408\u7ea6\u5462\uff1f\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002 \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u4fa7\u94fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u60a8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5b89\u5168\u3002 \u4e94. Plasma MVP Plasma MVP\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u57fa\u4e8eUTXO\u7684 Plasma \u94fe\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Plasma MVP \u89c4\u8303\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u652f\u4ed8\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u811a\u672c\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd Plasma MVP \u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u60a8\u5c06\u51c6\u786e\u4e86\u89e3 Plasma MVP \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Plasma MVP \u5b9e\u73b0\uff01 \u6574\u4e2a Plasma MVP \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5e45\u56fe\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff1a 1.Plasma \u5408\u7ea6 \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5c06 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff09\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u5b50\u94fe\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u7531\u5b50\u94fe\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u533a\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08deposit\uff09\u3001\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08withdrawal/exit\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e89\u8bae\uff08challenge\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\uff1a Owner\uff1a\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff08\u5373\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8005\uff1b Plasma \u533a\u5757\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma \u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\uff081\uff09\u533a\u5757\u7684 Merkle root\uff082\uff09\u533a\u5757\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b Plasma \u533a\u5757\u6216\u8bb8\u53eb\u533a\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u533a\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u9000\u51fa\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u5373\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u9000\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\uff081\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff082\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6709\uff1a submitBlock(bytes32 root)\uff1a\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4ea4\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Merkle root\uff1b deposit()\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e0e msg.value \u503c\u76f8\u7b49\u7684 UTXO\uff1b startExit()\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7ed9\u5b9a UTXO \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b challengeExit()\uff1a\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u63d0\u51fa\u4e89\u8bae\u3002 2.Operator \u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u662f PoA\uff08Proof of Authority\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ff\u5de5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a Operator\u3002Operator \u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5305\u6210\u533a\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u5411 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u63d0\u4ea4\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u533a\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u65e2\u7136 Operator \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u77ff\u5de5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740 Plasma \u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u521d\u8877\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5411\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\uff0cPlasma \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7840\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8d44\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u3002 Operator \u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684 REST API \u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684 API \u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 3.\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08deposit\uff09 \u7528\u6237 Alice \u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08deposit\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u5411 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u989d\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u6216 ERC20 token \u52a0\u5165 Plasma Chain\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4f1a\u6267\u884c deposit() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 UTXO \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86 Alice \u4ece\u4e3b\u94fe\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u6570\u989d\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u4e3b\u94fe\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0cAlice \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684 UTXO \u5411\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u4e86\u3002 4.\u4ea4\u6613\uff08transaction\uff09 \u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Operator\uff0c\u5f53\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u7531 Operator \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6253\u5305\u6210\u533a\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e Plasma MVP \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f UTXO \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6536\u6b3e\u65b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a Alice \u5411 Bob \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Alice \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230 Bob \u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1b Alice \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a UTXO \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6784\u9020\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230 Bob \u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\uff1b \u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff1b Alice \u5411 Bob \u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u7b7e\u540d\u3002 5.\u751f\u6210 Plasma \u533a\u5757 \u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a Plasma \u533a\u5757 \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f Operator \u6253\u5305\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5411Plasma\u5408\u7ea6\u63d0\u4ea4\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c deposit \u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Plasma\u533a\u5757\u3002 Plasma \u533a\u5757 \u542b\u4e49\u53c2\u8003\u524d\u9762 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 6.\u76d1\u89c6\u5b50\u94fe \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6ca1\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u94b1\u5305\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002 7.\u53d6\u6b3e/\u9000\u51fa\uff08withdrawal/exit\uff09 \u5f53 Alice \u60f3\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a exit \u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b: \uff081\uff09\u6240\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u533a\u5757\u53f7\uff08blknum\uff09\u3001\u533a\u5757\u5185\u4ea4\u6613\u53f7\uff08txindex\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u53f7\uff08outindex\uff09 \uff082\uff09\u5305\u542b\u8be5 UTXO \u7684\u4ea4\u6613 \uff083\uff09\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Merkle proof \uff084\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u8be5 UTXO \u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cexit \u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8981\u5305\u542b\u201c\u9000\u51fa\u62bc\u91d1\uff08exit bond\uff09\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a exit \u88ab challenge \u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u62bc\u91d1\u5c06\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u63d0\u51fa challenge \u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002 \u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a Priority = blknum * 1000000000 + txindex * 10000 + oindex \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u53d6\u6b3e\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65e7\u7684 UTXO \u603b\u80fd\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684 UTXO \u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53cc\u82b1\u7b49\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1fPlasma MVP \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\uff08Confirmation Signatures\uff09\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002 8.\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\uff08Confirmation Signatures\uff09 \u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee5\u6240\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u6240\u5728\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u5047\u5982 operator \u4f5c\u6076\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u53d6\u6b3e\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d6\u7a7a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPlasma MVP \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53 Alice \u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5f53\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5165\u533a\u5757\u540e\uff0cAlice \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\u3002 \u5f15\u5165\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u5f53 Alice \u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7533\u8bf7\u53d6\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u53d6\u51fa\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u7b7e\u540d->\u7b49\u5f85\u786e\u8ba4->\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5360\u636e Plasma \u533a\u5757\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPlasma \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c More Viable Plasma \u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u8981\u6c42 9.\u4e89\u8bae\uff08Challenge\uff09 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Alice \u7684\u67d0\u4e2a UTXO \u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c Bob \u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff08challenge\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u9488\u5bf9\u7684 UTXO \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5 UTXO \u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u8be5 UTXO \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5230\u533a\u5757\u3002 \u5408\u7ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 challengeExit() \u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e89\u8bae\u6210\u529f\u540e\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u63d0\u4ea4\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u6240\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\u62bc\u91d1\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Bob\u3002 10. \u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f \u5728 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\uff1a Alice \u8bd5\u56fe\u5ffd\u89c6\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9 Bob \u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u521d\u52a0\u5165 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u65f6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8bc1\u660e\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u51fa\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u3002 Operator \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5360\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf Plasma MVP \u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a \u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f1\uff1a Alice \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u521d\u52a0\u5165\u5b50\u94fe\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u51fa\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b Bob\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\uff09\u62e5\u6709 Alice \u7533\u8bf7\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b \u4e89\u8bae\u751f\u6548\uff0cAlice \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u88ab\u9a73\u56de\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06 Alice \u7533\u8bf7\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u62bc\u91d1\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Bob\uff1b Alice \u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5931\u6548\u3002 \u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f2\uff1a Operator \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5305\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b Operator \u63d0\u4ea4\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u5c06 Alice \u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d6\u8d70\uff1b \u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u5185\uff0cAlice \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 Operator \u7684\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u63d0\u51fa\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\uff1b \u7531\u4e8e Alice \u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5728 Operator \u4e4b\u524d\u9000\u51fa\uff1b Operator \u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5931\u6548\u3002 11. \u76f8\u5173Plasma MVP \u5b9e\u73b0\u9879\u76ee Talk is cheap, show me your code. \u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u6784\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Plasma MVP\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a FourthState Lab Omisego Kyokan 12. \u603b\u7ed3 \u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 Plasma \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7248\u672c Plasma MVP\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684 UTXO \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa Plasma \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0cPlasma Cash\u3002 13. \u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u63a5 https://ethresear.ch/t/minimal-viable-plasma/426 https://ethresear.ch/t/more-viable-plasma/2160 https://github.com/fourthstate https://github.com/omisego/plasma-mvp https://github.com/kyokan/plasma \u516d. Plasma Cash Plasma Cash\u662f\u4e00\u79cd Plasma \u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002Plasma Cash \u6700\u521d\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9000\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002 1. \u5171\u8bc6 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u548c Plasma MVP \u94fe\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff08Proof-of-Authority\uff09\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Proof-of-Stake\uff09\u3002Plasma Cash \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u91d1\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002 2. \u5b58\u6b3e \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b58\u5165\u94fe\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e Plasma MVP \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u8d44\u4ea7\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5c06 10 ETH \u5b58\u5165\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u4ef7\u503c 10 ETH \u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002 3. \u5757 Plasma Cash \u5757\u4e0e Plasma MVP \u5757\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u5757\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u63d2\u69fd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee4\u724c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63d2\u69fd\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5177\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee4\u724c#4\u662f\u4ece\u7528\u6237A\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7528\u6237B\u7684\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f#1\u3001#2\u548c#3\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d2\u69fd\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff01\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u9177\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u5e01\u5df2\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u5e01\u5728\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6613\u624b\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cPlasma MVP \u5757\u5f62\u6210\u6807\u51c6\u7684Merkle \u6811\uff0c\u800c Plasma Cash \u5757\u5f62\u6210\u7a00\u758f\u7684Merkle \u6811\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u7684 Merkle \u6811\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u7269\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u7a00\u758f\u7684 Merkle \u6811 \u53ef\u4ee5\uff01 \u6700\u9177\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff01\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u69fd\u4e2d\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4ed6\u63d2\u69fd\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u3002 4. \u4ea4\u6613 \u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8c01\u62e5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u4ee3\u5e01\uff01\u8be5\u8bc1\u660e\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ea4\u6613\u5386\u53f2 - \u81ea\u9996\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u4ee3\u5e01\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u663e\u793a\u4ee5\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5217\u8868\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u5e01\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u5757\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0cG\u62e5\u6709\u4ee3\u5e01#2\uff0cC\u62e5\u6709\u4ee3\u5e01#4\u3002\u90a3\u4e48G\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709#2\u5462\uff1f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff01G\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e#2\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u533a\u5757#1 \u548c#3 \u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5728\u533a\u5757#2 \u4e2d\u4eceE\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230F \uff0c\u5728\u533a\u5757#4 \u4e2d\u4eceF\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230G\u3002G\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u7b80\u5355 Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\u6765\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff08\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3002 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0cC\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc1\u660e\u4ee3\u5e01\u6ca1\u6709\u5728 2 \u548c 4 \u5757\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4eceA\u53d1\u9001\u5230B\u7136\u540e\u4eceB\u53d1\u9001\u5230C\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709#4\u3002 5. \u63d0\u6b3e \u7531\u4e8e Plasma Cash \u7684\u533a\u5757\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e Plasma MVP \u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 6.\u5f00\u59cb\u9000\u51fa \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ee3\u5e01\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679cC\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e01#4 \uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eceB\u5230C\u7684\u201c\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u6700\u8fd1\uff09\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eceA\u5230B\u7684\u201c\u7236\u201d\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4 Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e24\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e2d\u3002 7.\u6311\u6218\u51fa\u53e3 \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6240\u6709\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u64a4\u56de\u8be5\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\u63d0\u6b3e\u7528\u6237\u540e\u6765\u786e\u5b9e\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u4ee3\u5e01\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u963b\u6b62\u63d0\u6b3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u663e\u793a\u7236\u5b50\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u963b\u6b62\u63d0\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63d0\u6b3e\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u5e01\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u6311\u6218\u63d0\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u963b\u6b62\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u8feb\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 8.\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9 Plasma Cash \u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u5e01\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9762\u989d\u2014\u2014\uff08\u76ee\u524d\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165 Plasma Debit\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u82b1\u8d39\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 Plasma Cash \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5c11\u91cf\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b58\u653e\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u3002 \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a \u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\uff08\u975e\u5e38\uff09\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684 1000 \u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5341\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f 32 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\u662f 32 * 10 = 320 \u5b57\u8282\uff01 \u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u6bcf 15 \u79d2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5373\u6bcf\u5e74 4 * 60 * 24 * 365 = 2102400 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u53d1\u9001\u5355\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u589e\u52a0 320 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u8bc1\u660e\u5c06\u589e\u957f\u5230 320 * 2102400 = 672768000 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u53730.67 GB\uff01\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb6\u5ead\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 Plasma Cash \u4ecd\u7136\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f7f Plasma Cash \u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7269\u6d41\u751a\u81f3\u7eb8\u724c\u6e38\u620f\uff01 9. \u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u63a5 https://ethresear.ch/t/plasma-cash-plasma-with-much-less-per-user-data-checking/1298 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token http://erc721.org/ https://github.com/ethsociety/learn-plasma https://medium.com/@kelvinfichter/whats-a-sparse-merkle-tree-acda70aeb837 https://karl.tech/plasma-cash-simple-spec/ https://github.com/loomnetwork/plasma-paper/blob/master/plasma_cash.pdf https://github.com/loomnetwork/plasma-cash https://github.com/omisego/plasma-cash https://github.com/wolkdb/deepblockchains/tree/master/Plasmacash https://github.com/luciditytech/lucidity-plasma-cash","title":"\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1aLayer2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b Plasma"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#plasma","text":"\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Plasma \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9996\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b58\u5728 Plasma\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u6d89\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u672c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7cfb\u7edf\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u76f8\u5f53\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u4f55\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u79d2\u5904\u7406\u6570\u5343\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u6bcf\u79d2 20-30 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5 \u8fd9\u79cd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u6269\u5c55\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u60f3\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5347\u7ea7\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u4f7f\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u201d\u7f29\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u57fa\u7840\u5c42\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u201d\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5c42\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u6539\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 Plasma \u9002\u5408\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u201c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u201d\u6269\u5c55\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u9501\u5b9a\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\uff08\u6216\u201c\u6839\u94fe\u201d\uff09\u4e0a\u5e76\u5728\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u518d\u6b21\u201c\u521b\u5efa\u201d\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u4ece\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4fa7\u94fe\u201d\uff09 . \u5f53\u4f60\u60f3\u56de\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u201c\u9500\u6bc1\u201d\u4fa7\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e76\u5728\u6839\u94fe\u4e0a\u89e3\u9501\u5b83\u4eec\u3002 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Proof\uff09\u3002\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u53ea\u8981\u53d1\u5e03\u533a\u5757\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u542b\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u88ab\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7559\u51fa\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u5c06\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\uff0c\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002Plasma \u4e2d\u7684\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff09\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a \u8d44\u4ea7\u53ef\u82b1\u8d39\u8bc1\u660e \u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e \u5b58\u53d6\u6b3e\u8bc1\u660e \u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u79cd\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645 Plasma \u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u5219\u3002 \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5b58\u6709 1-4 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u533a\u5757 1-3 \u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u533a\u5757 4 \u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 1-4 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u533a\u5757 1-3\u3002 \u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff08zk-SNARKs \u6216\u8005 STARKs\uff09\u6765\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u751f\u6210\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684 Plasma \u5e76\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u5728 Plasma \u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411","title":"4.\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff08Fraud Proof\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#5withdrawal","text":"\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Withdrawal\uff09\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d6\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d6\u6b3e\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9000\u51fa\uff08Exit\uff09\u3002\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f Plasma \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4\u6b65\u9aa4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u8d44\u4ea7\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Simple Withdrawal\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u6263\u7559\uff08Withholding\uff09\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u5373\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u77ff\u5de5\u6076\u610f\u6263\u7559\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u53cc\u82b1\u653b\u51fb\u7b49\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u8d44\u4ea7\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Mass Withdrawal\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6709\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u3002","title":"5.\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Withdrawal\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#51-simple-withdrawal","text":"\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u6240\u8981\u53d6\u56de\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a \u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Plasma \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u5df2\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u6570\u989d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\uff08UTXO\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u94fe\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4f59\u989d\u5fc5\u987b\u5168\u90e8\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53d6\u6b3e\u6570\u989d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u62bc\u91d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002 \u5f53\u53d6\u6b3e\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u201c\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\uff08Challenge Period\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u53d6\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u989d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u5185\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d6\u6b3e\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u62bc\u91d1\u88ab\u6263\u9664\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u533a\u5757\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6309\u7167\u201c\u5148\u6765\u540e\u5230\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u5f53\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u8005\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u8d44\u4ea7\u6210\u529f\u53d6\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002","title":"5.1. \u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Simple Withdrawal\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#52fast-withdrawal","text":"\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Fast Withdrawal\uff09\u8ddf\u7b80\u5355\u53d6\u6b3e\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\uff0c\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u4e0a\u79f0\u4e3a Liquidity Provider\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a LP\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u60f3\u7b49\u5f85\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u4e00\u5468\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4ece LP \u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u6b3e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9 LP \u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Plasma \u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u592a\u8fc7\u6666\u6da9\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003 kfichter \u63d0\u51fa\u7684 Simple Fast Withdrawal[3] \u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u65b9\u548c LP \u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u5408\u7ea6\uff08liquidity contract\uff09\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53d6\u6b3e\u65b9\u662f Alice\uff0c\u5979\u60f3\u8981\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u5c06 10 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u4ece\u5b50\u94fe\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u5979\u9996\u5148\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001 10 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u5b50\u94fe\u6253\u5305\u6210\u533a\u5757\u540e\uff0cAlice \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6 Alice \u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u5979\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684 token\u3002Bob \u4f5c\u4e3a LP\uff0c\u4ed6\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\u8bc1\u660e Alice \u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\u613f\u610f\u4ee5 9 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e2a token\u3002Alice \u5c06 token \u5356\u7ed9 Bob\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86 9 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff0cBob \u8d5a\u53d6\u4e86 1 \u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u6263\u7559\u533a\u5757\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a LP \u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53d6\u6b3e\u65b9\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5386\u53f2\u3002","title":"5.2.\u5feb\u901f\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Fast Withdrawal\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#53-mass-withdrawal","text":"\u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6709\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u533a\u5757\u6263\u7559\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u540e\u751f\u6210\u9632\u4f2a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5feb\u901f\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08Mass Withdrawal\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u53d6\u6b3e\u65f6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e3b\u94fe\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a\u7684 gas\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u662f\u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u65f6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002 \u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7531\u4e8e\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08UTXO \u6a21\u578b\u6216\u8005\u8d26\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u4f1a\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002 \u5f53\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u6709\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u534f\u4f5c\u6267\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u626e\u6f14\u53d6\u6b3e\u5904\u7406\u4eba\uff08Exit Processor\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a 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\u4f18\u70b9"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#2_1","text":"\u6240\u4ee5\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e3b\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e00\u6837\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f \u597d\u5427\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4fa7\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u4fa7\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d70\u8fd0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f7f\u5f97\u505a\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9690\u542b\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u4fa7\u94fe\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u3002 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\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u4fa7\u94fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u60a8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5b89\u5168\u3002","title":"2. \u7f3a\u70b9"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#plasma-mvp","text":"Plasma MVP\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u57fa\u4e8eUTXO\u7684 Plasma \u94fe\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Plasma MVP \u89c4\u8303\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u652f\u4ed8\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u811a\u672c\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd Plasma MVP 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Plasma MVP"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#1plasma","text":"\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5c06 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff09\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u94fe\u548c\u5b50\u94fe\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u7531\u5b50\u94fe\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u533a\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08deposit\uff09\u3001\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08withdrawal/exit\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e89\u8bae\uff08challenge\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\uff1a Owner\uff1a\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff08\u5373\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8005\uff1b Plasma \u533a\u5757\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma \u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\uff081\uff09\u533a\u5757\u7684 Merkle root\uff082\uff09\u533a\u5757\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b Plasma \u533a\u5757\u6216\u8bb8\u53eb\u533a\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u533a\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u9000\u51fa\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u5373\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u9000\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\uff081\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff082\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6709\uff1a submitBlock(bytes32 root)\uff1a\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4ea4\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Merkle root\uff1b deposit()\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e0e msg.value \u503c\u76f8\u7b49\u7684 UTXO\uff1b startExit()\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7ed9\u5b9a UTXO \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b challengeExit()\uff1a\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u63d0\u51fa\u4e89\u8bae\u3002","title":"1.Plasma \u5408\u7ea6"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#2operator","text":"\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u662f PoA\uff08Proof of Authority\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ff\u5de5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a Operator\u3002Operator \u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5305\u6210\u533a\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u5411 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u63d0\u4ea4\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5c06\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u533a\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u65e2\u7136 Operator \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u77ff\u5de5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740 Plasma \u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u521d\u8877\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5411\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\uff0cPlasma \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7840\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8d44\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u3002 Operator \u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684 REST API \u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684 API \u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002","title":"2.Operator"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#3deposit","text":"\u7528\u6237 Alice \u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08deposit\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u5411 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u989d\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u6216 ERC20 token \u52a0\u5165 Plasma Chain\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4f1a\u6267\u884c deposit() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 UTXO \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86 Alice \u4ece\u4e3b\u94fe\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u6570\u989d\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u88ab\u4e3b\u94fe\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0cAlice \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684 UTXO \u5411\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u4e86\u3002","title":"3.\u5b58\u6b3e\uff08deposit\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#4transaction","text":"\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Operator\uff0c\u5f53\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u7531 Operator \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6253\u5305\u6210\u533a\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e Plasma MVP \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f UTXO \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6536\u6b3e\u65b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a Alice \u5411 Bob \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Alice \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230 Bob \u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1b Alice \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a UTXO \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6784\u9020\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u5230 Bob \u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\uff1b \u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff1b Alice \u5411 Bob \u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u7b7e\u540d\u3002","title":"4.\u4ea4\u6613\uff08transaction\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#5-plasma","text":"\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a Plasma \u533a\u5757 \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f Operator \u6253\u5305\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5411Plasma\u5408\u7ea6\u63d0\u4ea4\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c deposit \u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Plasma\u533a\u5757\u3002 Plasma \u533a\u5757 \u542b\u4e49\u53c2\u8003\u524d\u9762 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002","title":"5.\u751f\u6210 Plasma \u533a\u5757"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#6","text":"\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u5b50\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6ca1\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u94b1\u5305\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002","title":"6.\u76d1\u89c6\u5b50\u94fe"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#7withdrawalexit","text":"\u5f53 Alice \u60f3\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411 Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a exit \u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b: \uff081\uff09\u6240\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u533a\u5757\u53f7\uff08blknum\uff09\u3001\u533a\u5757\u5185\u4ea4\u6613\u53f7\uff08txindex\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u53f7\uff08outindex\uff09 \uff082\uff09\u5305\u542b\u8be5 UTXO \u7684\u4ea4\u6613 \uff083\uff09\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684 Merkle proof \uff084\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u8be5 UTXO \u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cexit \u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u8fd8\u8981\u5305\u542b\u201c\u9000\u51fa\u62bc\u91d1\uff08exit bond\uff09\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a exit \u88ab challenge \u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d6\u6b3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u62bc\u91d1\u5c06\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u63d0\u51fa challenge \u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002 \u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a Priority = blknum * 1000000000 + txindex * 10000 + oindex \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u53d6\u6b3e\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65e7\u7684 UTXO \u603b\u80fd\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684 UTXO \u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53cc\u82b1\u7b49\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1fPlasma MVP \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\uff08Confirmation Signatures\uff09\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002","title":"7.\u53d6\u6b3e/\u9000\u51fa\uff08withdrawal/exit\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#8confirmation-signatures","text":"\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee5\u6240\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u6240\u5728\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u5047\u5982 operator \u4f5c\u6076\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u53d6\u6b3e\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd Plasma \u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d6\u7a7a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPlasma MVP \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53 Alice \u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5f53\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5165\u533a\u5757\u540e\uff0cAlice \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\u3002 \u5f15\u5165\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u5f53 Alice \u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7533\u8bf7\u53d6\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u201d\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u53d6\u51fa\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u7b7e\u540d->\u7b49\u5f85\u786e\u8ba4->\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5360\u636e Plasma \u533a\u5757\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPlasma \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c More Viable Plasma \u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u8981\u6c42","title":"8.\u786e\u8ba4\u7b7e\u540d\uff08Confirmation Signatures\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#9challenge","text":"\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Alice \u7684\u67d0\u4e2a UTXO \u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c Bob \u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff08challenge\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u9488\u5bf9\u7684 UTXO \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5 UTXO \u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u8be5 UTXO \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5230\u533a\u5757\u3002 \u5408\u7ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 challengeExit() \u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e89\u8bae\u6210\u529f\u540e\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u63d0\u4ea4\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u6240\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\u62bc\u91d1\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Bob\u3002","title":"9.\u4e89\u8bae\uff08Challenge\uff09"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#10","text":"\u5728 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\uff1a Alice \u8bd5\u56fe\u5ffd\u89c6\u5728\u5b50\u94fe\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9 Bob \u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u521d\u52a0\u5165 Plasma \u5b50\u94fe\u65f6\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8bc1\u660e\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u51fa\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\u3002 Operator \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u610f\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5360\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf Plasma MVP \u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a","title":"10. \u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#1_2","text":"Alice \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u521d\u52a0\u5165\u5b50\u94fe\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u51fa\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b Bob\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\uff09\u62e5\u6709 Alice \u7533\u8bf7\u9000\u51fa\u7684 UTXO \u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u5411\u4e3b\u94fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b \u4e89\u8bae\u751f\u6548\uff0cAlice \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u88ab\u9a73\u56de\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06 Alice \u7533\u8bf7\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u62bc\u91d1\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9 Bob\uff1b Alice \u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5931\u6548\u3002","title":"\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f1\uff1a"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#2_2","text":"Operator \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u5305\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b Operator \u63d0\u4ea4\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u5c06 Alice \u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d6\u8d70\uff1b \u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u671f\u5185\uff0cAlice \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 Operator \u7684\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u63d0\u51fa\u53d6\u6b3e\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\uff1b \u7531\u4e8e Alice \u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5728 Operator \u4e4b\u524d\u9000\u51fa\uff1b Operator \u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5931\u6548\u3002","title":"\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f2\uff1a"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#11-plasma-mvp","text":"Talk is cheap, show me your code. \u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u6784\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Plasma MVP\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a FourthState Lab Omisego Kyokan","title":"11. \u76f8\u5173Plasma MVP \u5b9e\u73b0\u9879\u76ee"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#12","text":"\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 Plasma \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7248\u672c Plasma MVP\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684 UTXO \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa Plasma \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5728 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u5b50\u94fe\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0cPlasma Cash\u3002","title":"12. \u603b\u7ed3"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#13","text":"https://ethresear.ch/t/minimal-viable-plasma/426 https://ethresear.ch/t/more-viable-plasma/2160 https://github.com/fourthstate https://github.com/omisego/plasma-mvp https://github.com/kyokan/plasma","title":"13. \u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u63a5"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#plasma-cash","text":"Plasma Cash\u662f\u4e00\u79cd Plasma \u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002Plasma Cash \u6700\u521d\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3 Plasma MVP \u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9000\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002","title":"\u516d. Plasma Cash"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#1_3","text":"Plasma Cash \u94fe\u548c Plasma MVP \u94fe\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff08Proof-of-Authority\uff09\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Proof-of-Stake\uff09\u3002Plasma Cash \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u91d1\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002","title":"1. \u5171\u8bc6"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#2_3","text":"\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b58\u5165\u94fe\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e Plasma MVP \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u8d44\u4ea7\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5c06 10 ETH \u5b58\u5165\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u4ef7\u503c 10 ETH \u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002","title":"2. \u5b58\u6b3e"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#3_1","text":"Plasma Cash \u5757\u4e0e Plasma MVP \u5757\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u5757\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u63d2\u69fd\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee4\u724c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63d2\u69fd\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5177\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee4\u724c#4\u662f\u4ece\u7528\u6237A\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7528\u6237B\u7684\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f#1\u3001#2\u548c#3\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d2\u69fd\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff01\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u9177\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u5e01\u5df2\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u5e01\u5728\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6613\u624b\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cPlasma MVP \u5757\u5f62\u6210\u6807\u51c6\u7684Merkle \u6811\uff0c\u800c Plasma Cash \u5757\u5f62\u6210\u7a00\u758f\u7684Merkle \u6811\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u7684 Merkle \u6811\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u7269\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u7a00\u758f\u7684 Merkle \u6811 \u53ef\u4ee5\uff01 \u6700\u9177\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff01\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u69fd\u4e2d\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4ed6\u63d2\u69fd\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u3002","title":"3. \u5757"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#4","text":"\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8c01\u62e5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u4ee3\u5e01\uff01\u8be5\u8bc1\u660e\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ea4\u6613\u5386\u53f2 - \u81ea\u9996\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u4ee3\u5e01\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u663e\u793a\u4ee5\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5217\u8868\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u5e01\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u5757\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0cG\u62e5\u6709\u4ee3\u5e01#2\uff0cC\u62e5\u6709\u4ee3\u5e01#4\u3002\u90a3\u4e48G\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709#2\u5462\uff1f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff01G\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e#2\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u533a\u5757#1 \u548c#3 \u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5728\u533a\u5757#2 \u4e2d\u4eceE\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230F \uff0c\u5728\u533a\u5757#4 \u4e2d\u4eceF\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230G\u3002G\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u7b80\u5355 Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\u6765\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff08\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3002 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0cC\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc1\u660e\u4ee3\u5e01\u6ca1\u6709\u5728 2 \u548c 4 \u5757\u4e2d\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4eceA\u53d1\u9001\u5230B\u7136\u540e\u4eceB\u53d1\u9001\u5230C\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709#4\u3002","title":"4. \u4ea4\u6613"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#5","text":"\u7531\u4e8e Plasma Cash \u7684\u533a\u5757\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e Plasma MVP \u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002","title":"5. \u63d0\u6b3e"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#6_1","text":"\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ee3\u5e01\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679cC\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e01#4 \uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eceB\u5230C\u7684\u201c\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u6700\u8fd1\uff09\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eceA\u5230B\u7684\u201c\u7236\u201d\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4 Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e24\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e2d\u3002","title":"6.\u5f00\u59cb\u9000\u51fa"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#7","text":"\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6240\u6709\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u64a4\u56de\u8be5\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\u63d0\u6b3e\u7528\u6237\u540e\u6765\u786e\u5b9e\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u4ee3\u5e01\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u963b\u6b62\u63d0\u6b3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u663e\u793a\u7236\u5b50\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u963b\u6b62\u63d0\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63d0\u6b3e\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u5e01\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u6311\u6218\u63d0\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u963b\u6b62\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u8feb\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u3002","title":"7.\u6311\u6218\u51fa\u53e3"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#8","text":"Plasma Cash \u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u5e01\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9762\u989d\u2014\u2014\uff08\u76ee\u524d\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165 Plasma Debit\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u82b1\u8d39\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 Plasma Cash \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5c11\u91cf\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5b58\u653e\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u94fe\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u3002 \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a \u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\uff08\u975e\u5e38\uff09\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684 1000 \u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684 Plasma Cash \u94fe\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5341\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f 32 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a Merkle \u8bc1\u660e\u662f 32 * 10 = 320 \u5b57\u8282\uff01 \u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u6bcf 15 \u79d2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5373\u6bcf\u5e74 4 * 60 * 24 * 365 = 2102400 \u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u53d1\u9001\u5355\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u589e\u52a0 320 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u8bc1\u660e\u5c06\u589e\u957f\u5230 320 * 2102400 = 672768000 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u53730.67 GB\uff01\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u901a\u8fc7\u5bb6\u5ead\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 Plasma Cash \u4ecd\u7136\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f7f Plasma Cash \u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7269\u6d41\u751a\u81f3\u7eb8\u724c\u6e38\u620f\uff01","title":"8.\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9"},{"location":"src/plasma.html#9","text":"https://ethresear.ch/t/plasma-cash-plasma-with-much-less-per-user-data-checking/1298 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token http://erc721.org/ https://github.com/ethsociety/learn-plasma https://medium.com/@kelvinfichter/whats-a-sparse-merkle-tree-acda70aeb837 https://karl.tech/plasma-cash-simple-spec/ https://github.com/loomnetwork/plasma-paper/blob/master/plasma_cash.pdf https://github.com/loomnetwork/plasma-cash https://github.com/omisego/plasma-cash https://github.com/wolkdb/deepblockchains/tree/master/Plasmacash https://github.com/luciditytech/lucidity-plasma-cash","title":"9. \u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u63a5"},{"location":"src/polygon.html","text":"\u4e00. Polygon \u7b80\u4ecb Polygon \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5e94\u7528\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df7\u5408\u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u652f\u6301 Plasma \u7684\u4fa7\u94fe\u3002 \u5728\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\uff0cPolygon \u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c42\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5982 Plasma \u542f\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u3001\u6210\u719f\u7684 EVM \u4fa7\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 Optimistic Rollups\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Plasma \u7528\u4e8e\u5df2\u7f16\u5199 Plasma \u8c13\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ERC20\u3001ERC721\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8c13\u8bcd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 PoS\u3002\u6216\u4e24\u8005\uff01Polygon \u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u542f\u7528 PoS \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u8d28\u62bc\u7ba1\u7406\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fd0\u884c Heimdall \u548c Bor \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u662f Polygon \u652f\u6301\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\uff0c\u4f46 Polygon \u6253\u7b97\u6839\u636e\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u5171\u8bc6\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5e73\u53f0\u3002 Polygon \u662f\u7531 Heimdall \u548c Bor \u7ec4\u6210\uff0cHeimdall \u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Proof-of-Stake \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c42\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06 Plasma \u5757\u7684\u8868\u793a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 Tendermint \u5171\u8bc6\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u66f4\u6539\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002Bor \u8282\u70b9\u6216 Block Producer \u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4fa7\u94fe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002\u4fa7\u94fe VM \u4e0e EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Geth \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u8f7b\u5de7\u4e14\u4e13\u6ce8\u3002 \u4e8c. Polygon \u9879\u76ee\u67b6\u6784 1. Polygon \u5177\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u67b6\u6784 \u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684 Staking \u548c Plasma \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6 Heimdall\uff08\u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u5c42\uff09 Bor\uff08\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5c42\uff09 2. Polygon \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff08\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\uff09 Polygon \u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a \u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u7ba1\u7406 \u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5171\u4eab MoreVP \u7684\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fa7\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9/\u5feb\u7167 3. Heimdall \u8282\u70b9 Heimdall \u662f PoS \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684 Staking \u5408\u7ea6\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728 Polygon \u4e0a\u542f\u7528 PoS \u673a\u5236\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 Tendermint \u5171\u8bc6\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u66f4\u6539\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u533a\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u5c06\u4fa7\u94fe\u533a\u5757\u7684\u8868\u793a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u804c\u8d23\u3002 Heimdall \u5c42\u5c06 Bor \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5757\u805a\u5408\u5230 Merkle \u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u671f\u5c06 Merkle \u6839\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u6839\u94fe\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\u79f0\u4e3acheckpoints. \u5bf9\u4e8e Bor \u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u51e0\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08\u5728 Heimdall \u5c42\u4e0a\uff09\uff1a \u9a8c\u8bc1\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5757 \u521b\u5efa\u5757\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684 Merkle \u6811 \u5c06 Merkle \u6839\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e3b\u94fe \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a \u5728\u6839\u94fe\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u6027 \u5728\u63d0\u53d6\u8d44\u4ea7\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u71c3\u70e7\u8bc1\u660e \u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff1a \u4ece\u6c60\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u5ea6\u7684\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8de8\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u81f3\u5c11 \u2154 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\u5757\u7684\u8868\u793a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 Tendermint \u5171\u8bc6\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u66f4\u6539\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002 \u4e3b\u94fe Stake Manager \u5408\u7ea6\u4e0e Heimdall \u8282\u70b9\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a PoS \u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u65e0\u4fe1\u4efb\u6743\u76ca\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9 Validator \u96c6\u5408\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Staking \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94fe\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 3.1. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4eba\u9009\u62e9 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\u7684\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u805a\u5408\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Geth \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u6539\u3002 \u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u901a\u8fc7 Heimdall \u4e0a\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5b9a\u671f\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3aspanPolygon \u4e2d\u7684 a\u3002\u5757\u5728Bor\u8282\u70b9\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe VM \u4e0e EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u5728 Bor \u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5757\u4e5f\u7531 Heimdall \u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u671f\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531 Bor \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ec4\u5757\u7684 Merkle \u6811\u54c8\u5e0c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5b9a\u671f\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002 Bor \u8282\u70b9\u6216 Block Producer \u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4fa7\u94fe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002\u4fa7\u94fe VM \u4e0e EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Geth \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u8f7b\u5de7\u4e14\u4e13\u6ce8\u3002 \u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u662f\u4ece\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u96c6\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u3002 4.1 \u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u9009\u62e9 \u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u662f BOR \u5c42\u7684\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6743\u76ca\u4ece\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u6c60\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u5c0f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u8d28\u62bc\u83b7\u5f97\u63d2\u69fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4eba\u6709 100 \u4e2a Matic \u4ee3\u5e01\u8d28\u62bc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u4e3a 10\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u603b\u5171\u83b7\u5f97 10 \u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d2\u69fd [ A, A, A, B, B, C ] \u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u79cd\u5b50\u5bf9\u63d2\u69fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 [ A, B, A, C, B, A, A] \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5f39\u51fa\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u9009\u62e9 3 \u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a [ A, B, A] \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u96c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a [ A: 2, B:1 ] \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u96c6\u548ctendermint \u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a BOR \u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a sprint \u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3002 5. \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9 Matic \u7684 PoS \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e Matic \u4e0d\u662f Layer 1 \u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4f5c\u4e3a Layer 1 \u7ed3\u7b97\u5c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94fe\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u540c\u6b65\u3002 \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u6700\u521d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Tendermint \u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5faa\u73af\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u63d0\u4ea4\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e Tendermint \u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec5\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5728 Tendermint \u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u4ea4\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5730\u5740\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u5728\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u96c6\u66f4\u6539\u90fd\u5c06\u7531\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8282\u70b9\u7684 Heimdall \u4e0a\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u7ee7\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8 Heimdall \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Matic \u5408\u7ea6\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u3002 \u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Matic \u5408\u7ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8be2\u4e3b\u94fe\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002 \u4e09. \u603b\u7ed3 \u672c\u6587\u54b1\u4eec\u662f\u521d\u7565\u7684\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b ploygon, \u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e polygon \u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6e90\u7801","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1aPlasma \u4ee3\u8868\u9879\u76ee Polygon"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#polygon","text":"Polygon \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5e94\u7528\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df7\u5408\u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u652f\u6301 Plasma \u7684\u4fa7\u94fe\u3002 \u5728\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\uff0cPolygon \u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c42\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5982 Plasma \u542f\u7528\u7684\u94fe\u3001\u6210\u719f\u7684 EVM \u4fa7\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 Optimistic Rollups\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Plasma \u7528\u4e8e\u5df2\u7f16\u5199 Plasma \u8c13\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ERC20\u3001ERC721\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8c13\u8bcd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u610f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 PoS\u3002\u6216\u4e24\u8005\uff01Polygon \u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u542f\u7528 PoS \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u8d28\u62bc\u7ba1\u7406\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fd0\u884c Heimdall \u548c Bor \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u662f Polygon \u652f\u6301\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\uff0c\u4f46 Polygon \u6253\u7b97\u6839\u636e\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u5171\u8bc6\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5e73\u53f0\u3002 Polygon \u662f\u7531 Heimdall \u548c Bor \u7ec4\u6210\uff0cHeimdall \u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Proof-of-Stake \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c42\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06 Plasma \u5757\u7684\u8868\u793a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u94fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 Tendermint \u5171\u8bc6\u5f15\u64ce\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u66f4\u6539\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002Bor \u8282\u70b9\u6216 Block Producer \u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4fa7\u94fe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002\u4fa7\u94fe VM \u4e0e EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Geth 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Polygon \u7b80\u4ecb"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#polygon_1","text":"","title":"\u4e8c. Polygon \u9879\u76ee\u67b6\u6784"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#1-polygon","text":"\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7684 Staking \u548c Plasma \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6 Heimdall\uff08\u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u5c42\uff09 Bor\uff08\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5c42\uff09","title":"1. Polygon \u5177\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u67b6\u6784"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#2-polygon","text":"Polygon \u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a \u6743\u76ca\u8bc1\u660e\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u7ba1\u7406 \u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5171\u4eab MoreVP \u7684\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fa7\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9/\u5feb\u7167","title":"2. 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Heimdall \u8282\u70b9"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#31","text":"\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u94fe\u4e0a\u62cd\u5356\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6309\u7167\u6b64\u5904\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u751f 72. \u8d62\u5f97\u63d2\u69fd\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6982\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u5728\u5408\u7ea6\u4e0a\u8c03\u7528StakeFor()\u51fd\u6570StakeManager\u6765\u9501\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u94fe\u4e0a\u72b6\u6001\u3002 Bridgeon heimdall \u76d1\u542c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u5411 heimdall \u5e7f\u64ad \u5171\u8bc6Validator\u52a0\u5165heimdall\u4f46\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u540e\u3002 ValidatorStartEpoch\u4ec5\u5728\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u9a8c\u8bc1 39) \u4e00\u65e6startEpoch\u5230\u8fbe\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5c31\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230validator-set\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236","title":"3.1. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4eba\u9009\u62e9"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#4-bor","text":"Bor \u662f Polygon \u7684\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u805a\u5408\u6210\u533a\u5757\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Geth \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u6539\u3002 \u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u901a\u8fc7 Heimdall \u4e0a\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5b9a\u671f\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3aspanPolygon \u4e2d\u7684 a\u3002\u5757\u5728Bor\u8282\u70b9\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe VM \u4e0e EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u5728 Bor \u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5757\u4e5f\u7531 Heimdall \u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u671f\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531 Bor \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ec4\u5757\u7684 Merkle \u6811\u54c8\u5e0c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5b9a\u671f\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002 Bor \u8282\u70b9\u6216 Block Producer \u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4fa7\u94fe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3002\u4fa7\u94fe VM \u4e0e EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Geth \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u8f7b\u5de7\u4e14\u4e13\u6ce8\u3002 \u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u662f\u4ece\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u96c6\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u3002","title":"4. bor \u8282\u70b9"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#41","text":"\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u662f BOR \u5c42\u7684\u533a\u5757\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6743\u76ca\u4ece\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u6c60\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u5c0f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u8d28\u62bc\u83b7\u5f97\u63d2\u69fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4eba\u6709 100 \u4e2a Matic \u4ee3\u5e01\u8d28\u62bc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u4e3a 10\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u603b\u5171\u83b7\u5f97 10 \u4e2a\u63d2\u69fd\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d2\u69fd [ A, A, A, B, B, C ] \u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u79cd\u5b50\u5bf9\u63d2\u69fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 [ A, B, A, C, B, A, A] \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5f39\u51fa\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u9009\u62e9 3 \u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a [ A, B, A] \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u96c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a [ A: 2, B:1 ] \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u96c6\u548ctendermint \u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a BOR \u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a sprint \u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3002","title":"4.1 \u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u9009\u62e9"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#5","text":"Matic \u7684 PoS \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e Matic \u4e0d\u662f Layer 1 \u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4f5c\u4e3a Layer 1 \u7ed3\u7b97\u5c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d28\u62bc\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94fe\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u540c\u6b65\u3002 \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u6700\u521d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Tendermint \u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5faa\u73af\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u63d0\u4ea4\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e Tendermint \u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u89e3\u8026\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec5\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5728 Tendermint \u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u4ea4\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5730\u5740\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u5728\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u6613\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u96c6\u66f4\u6539\u90fd\u5c06\u7531\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8282\u70b9\u7684 Heimdall \u4e0a\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u7ee7\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8 Heimdall \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Matic \u5408\u7ea6\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u3002 \u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684 Matic \u5408\u7ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8be2\u4e3b\u94fe\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002","title":"5. \u68c0\u67e5\u70b9"},{"location":"src/polygon.html#_1","text":"\u672c\u6587\u54b1\u4eec\u662f\u521d\u7565\u7684\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b ploygon, \u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e polygon \u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6e90\u7801","title":"\u4e09. \u603b\u7ed3"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html","text":"\u4e00. 1. Rollup \u7b80\u4ecb Rollup \u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Plasma \u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e3b\u94fe\u5408\u7ea6\u6301\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u201c\u4fa7\u94fe\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8d26\u6237\u3001\u4f59\u989d\u53ca\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7684 Merkle \u6811\uff09\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u52a0\u5bc6\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4fa7\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u94fe\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56 L1 \u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff09\u3002 Rollup \u4e0e Plasma \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 Plasma \u7684\u5de8\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7 L1 \u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u5e03\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 tx CALLDATA\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u6346\u7ed1\uff08\u6c47\u603b\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6210\u672c\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u7684 O(n)\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u4e25\u683c\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645 100 \u500d\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a CALLDATA \u6bd4 L1 \u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5f97\u591a\u3002 Rollup \u591a\u6b21\u88ab Vitalik Buterin \u8ba4\u53ef\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684 Layer-2 \u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u98ce\u683c\uff1aZK Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup, \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u7248 Rollup \u4e8c. RollUp \u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c Rollups \u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u7f29\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8db3\u8ff9\u6765\u964d\u4f4e gas \u8d39\u7528\u3002\u6c47\u603b\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\u63a8\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u4e8b\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4ea4\u56de\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002 \u540e\u8005\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u7684\u8bdd\u3002 \u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0crollup \u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e00\u7ec4\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3002 \u548c Polygon \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4 Rollup \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u6253\u5305\u201d\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u533a\u5757\u53d1\u5e03\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0a\u94fe\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u6267\u884c Rollup \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u533a\u5757\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6709\u6548\u540e\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8bb0\u8d26\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u4e0b\u56fe\u662f ZK Rollup \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0a\u94fe\u7684\u6253\u5305\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e [Tx]\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u7b7e\u540d\uff09\u3001\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6279\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u7684 merkle \u6811\u6811\u6839\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u7684 merkle \u6811\u6811\u6839\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a SNARK \u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u8001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u4e0a\u65bd\u52a0\u8fd9\u6279\u4ea4\u6613 [Tx] \u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684, \u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e13\u95e8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u680f\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c \u751f\u6210 SNARK \u7684\u6210\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Optimistic Rollup \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u5e76\u975e SNARK \u90a3\u6837\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\uff08Cryptoeconomic Validity Game\uff09\u3002\u8d8a\u8bf4\u8d8a\u6655\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u94fe\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u7be1\u6539\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u6210\u529f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u56de\u6eda\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4f5c\u5f0a\u8005\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u62bc\u91d1\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u62bc\u91d1\u4f1a\u5956\u52b1\u7ed9\u6311\u6218\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u65b9\u4e92\u76f8\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u60e9\u7f5a\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f5c\u5f0a\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5149\u6709 ZK Rollup \u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e [Tx] \u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0cTx\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5305\u6db5\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8005\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u6821\u9a8c\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 \u4e09. Rollup \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027 Rollup \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1 Rollup \u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u7a83\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8ffd\u56de Rollup \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002Rollup \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u201c\u951a\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u5c06 Rollup \u7f51\u7edc\u951a\u5b9a\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u8d4c\u573a\u91cc\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e86\u6444\u50cf\u5934\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u73a9\u6251\u514b\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u95f7\u68cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u9891\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5b9e\u8d62\u4e86\u94b1\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0cZK Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup \u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002ZK Rollup \u91c7\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ec5\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u94fe\u4e0a\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e8c\u5c42\u72b6\u6001\u3002Optimistic Rollup \u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u8bef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c89\u9ed8\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u4ea4\u6613\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u8981\u5728\u7ebf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83 ZK Rollup\uff0cOptimistic Rollup \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u989d\u5916\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u9632\u6b62 DDoS \u653b\u51fb\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201c\u9ed8\u8bb8\u201d\u3002 \u56db. \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027 Rollup \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u94fe\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b8c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u94fe\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 Rollup \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u94fe\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u94fe\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab gas \u6210\u672c\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6570\u636e\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u5347\u7ea7\u524d\u662f\u6bcf\u5b57\u8282 68 \u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u4f1a\u5360\u7528 20 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8868\u793a\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0cgas \u8d39\u7528\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Rollup \u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u538b\u7f29\u3002 ZK Rollup \u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u91cc\u7528 merkle \u6811\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6210\u6811\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u7684 20 bytes \u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u53ea\u6709 3 bytes \u5230 4 bytes\u3002\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u6210 10 \u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6 100-300 \u5b57\u8282\u7684 SNARK\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4ece 32 TPS \u63d0\u5347\u5230\u7ea6 680 TPS\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 2000 TPS\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u540e ZK Rollup \u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a Optimistic Rollup \u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709 100 TPS\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0cOptimistic Rollup\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5305\u6db5\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8005\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 64 bytes\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0a\u94fe\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f88\u5feb\u8fbe\u5230 gas \u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd BLS \u805a\u5408\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u63d0\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c BLS \u805a\u5408\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8005\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u90fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u805a\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a BSL \u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u94fe\u4e0a\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u5c06\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4e0a\u805a\u5408\u540e\u7684 BLS \u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684 gas\u3002BLS \u7b7e\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Optimistic Rollup \u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4ece100 TPS\u63d0\u5347\u5230 450 TPS\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 2000 TPS\u3002 \u4e94. RollUp \u5ef6\u8fdf\u95ee\u9898 Optimistic Rollup \u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fc7\u4e861\uff5e2\u5468\u7684\u6311\u6218\u671f\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u4ea4\u6613\u751f\u6548\u3002ZK Rollup\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5305\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6709 1000 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5927\u6982\u9700\u8981 20 \u5206\u949f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u91c7\u7528 GPU \u52a0\u901f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u95f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230 1 \u5206\u949f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u6536\u636e\u201d\uff08instant tx receipts\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u5f08\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6253\u5305\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u9700\u62b5\u62bc\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b14\u94b1\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u6536\u636e\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230 1 \u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\u3002 \u516d. \u901a\u7528\u6027 \u901a\u7528\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0cOptimistic Rollup \u660e\u663e\u597d\u4e8eZK Rollup\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002\u800c ZK Rollup \u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u8d77\u6765\u56f0\u96be\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 ZEXE\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u77ed\u521b\u5efa\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5408\u7ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002Matter Labs\u56e2\u961f\u57fa\u4e8eZK Rollup\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u6848 ZK Sync\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u4ee5\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6c99\u76d2\u5f0f\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002 \u4e03. \u603b\u7ed3 \u672c\u6587\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u6848 Rollup \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u65b9\u6848 ZK Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup \u5728\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002 rollup \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027 \u5ef6\u8fdf \u5b89\u5168\u6027 \u901a\u7528\u6027 optimistic rollup 450TPS \u4e00\u5468 \u5dee \u597d zk rollup 680TPS 20min \u597d \u5dee \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u770b\u6765 Optimistic Rollup \u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff1b\u4f46\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0cZK Rollup \u4f1a\u5728\u901a\u7528\u6027\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002","title":"\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1aLayer2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b Rollup"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#1-rollup","text":"Rollup \u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Plasma \u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e3b\u94fe\u5408\u7ea6\u6301\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u201c\u4fa7\u94fe\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8d26\u6237\u3001\u4f59\u989d\u53ca\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7684 Merkle \u6811\uff09\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u52a0\u5bc6\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4fa7\u94fe\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u94fe\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56 L1 \u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff09\u3002 Rollup \u4e0e Plasma \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 Plasma \u7684\u5de8\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7 L1 \u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u5e03\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 tx CALLDATA\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u6346\u7ed1\uff08\u6c47\u603b\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c47\u603b\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6210\u672c\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u7684 O(n)\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u4e25\u683c\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645 100 \u500d\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a CALLDATA \u6bd4 L1 \u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5f97\u591a\u3002 Rollup \u591a\u6b21\u88ab Vitalik Buterin \u8ba4\u53ef\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684 Layer-2 \u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u98ce\u683c\uff1aZK Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup, \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u7248 Rollup","title":"\u4e00. 1. Rollup \u7b80\u4ecb"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#rollup","text":"Rollups \u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u7f29\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8db3\u8ff9\u6765\u964d\u4f4e gas \u8d39\u7528\u3002\u6c47\u603b\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\u63a8\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u4e8b\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4ea4\u56de\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002 \u540e\u8005\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u7684\u8bdd\u3002 \u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0crollup \u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e00\u7ec4\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3002 \u548c Polygon \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4 Rollup \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u6253\u5305\u201d\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u533a\u5757\u53d1\u5e03\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0a\u94fe\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u6267\u884c Rollup \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u533a\u5757\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6709\u6548\u540e\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8bb0\u8d26\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u4e0b\u56fe\u662f ZK Rollup \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0a\u94fe\u7684\u6253\u5305\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e [Tx]\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u7b7e\u540d\uff09\u3001\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6279\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u7684 merkle \u6811\u6811\u6839\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u7684 merkle \u6811\u6811\u6839\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a SNARK \u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5728\u8001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u4e0a\u65bd\u52a0\u8fd9\u6279\u4ea4\u6613 [Tx] \u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684, \u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e13\u95e8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u680f\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c \u751f\u6210 SNARK \u7684\u6210\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Optimistic Rollup \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u5e76\u975e SNARK \u90a3\u6837\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\uff08Cryptoeconomic Validity Game\uff09\u3002\u8d8a\u8bf4\u8d8a\u6655\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u94fe\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u7be1\u6539\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u975e\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u6210\u529f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u56de\u6eda\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u4f5c\u5f0a\u8005\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u62bc\u91d1\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u62bc\u91d1\u4f1a\u5956\u52b1\u7ed9\u6311\u6218\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u65b9\u4e92\u76f8\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u60e9\u7f5a\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f5c\u5f0a\u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5149\u6709 ZK Rollup \u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e [Tx] \u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0cTx\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5305\u6db5\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8005\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u6821\u9a8c\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5","title":"\u4e8c. RollUp \u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#rollup_1","text":"Rollup \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1 Rollup \u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u7a83\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8ffd\u56de Rollup \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002Rollup \u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u94fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u201c\u951a\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u5c06 Rollup \u7f51\u7edc\u951a\u5b9a\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u8d4c\u573a\u91cc\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e86\u6444\u50cf\u5934\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u73a9\u6251\u514b\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u95f7\u68cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u9891\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5b9e\u8d62\u4e86\u94b1\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0cZK Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup \u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002ZK Rollup \u91c7\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ec5\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u94fe\u4e0a\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e8c\u5c42\u72b6\u6001\u3002Optimistic Rollup \u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u8bef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c89\u9ed8\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u4ea4\u6613\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u8981\u5728\u7ebf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83 ZK Rollup\uff0cOptimistic Rollup \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u989d\u5916\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u9632\u6b62 DDoS \u653b\u51fb\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201c\u9ed8\u8bb8\u201d\u3002","title":"\u4e09. Rollup \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#_1","text":"Rollup \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u94fe\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b8c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u94fe\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 Rollup \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u94fe\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u94fe\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab gas \u6210\u672c\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6570\u636e\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u5347\u7ea7\u524d\u662f\u6bcf\u5b57\u8282 68 \u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u4f1a\u5360\u7528 20 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8868\u793a\u94fe\u4e0b\u4ea4\u6613\uff0cgas \u8d39\u7528\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Rollup \u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u538b\u7f29\u3002 ZK Rollup \u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u91cc\u7528 merkle \u6811\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6210\u6811\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u7684 20 bytes \u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u53ea\u6709 3 bytes \u5230 4 bytes\u3002\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u6210 10 \u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6 100-300 \u5b57\u8282\u7684 SNARK\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4ece 32 TPS \u63d0\u5347\u5230\u7ea6 680 TPS\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 2000 TPS\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u540e ZK Rollup \u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a Optimistic Rollup \u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709 100 TPS\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\uff0cOptimistic Rollup\u7684\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5305\u6db5\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8005\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 64 bytes\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0a\u94fe\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f88\u5feb\u8fbe\u5230 gas \u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd BLS \u805a\u5408\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u63d0\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c BLS \u805a\u5408\u7b7e\u540d\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u8005\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u90fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u805a\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a BSL \u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u94fe\u4e0a\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u5c06\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4e0a\u805a\u5408\u540e\u7684 BLS \u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u6240\u6d88\u8017\u7684 gas\u3002BLS \u7b7e\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Optimistic Rollup \u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4ece100 TPS\u63d0\u5347\u5230 450 TPS\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 2000 TPS\u3002","title":"\u56db. \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#rollup_2","text":"Optimistic Rollup \u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u6027\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fc7\u4e861\uff5e2\u5468\u7684\u6311\u6218\u671f\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u4ea4\u6613\u751f\u6548\u3002ZK Rollup\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5305\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u6709 1000 \u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5927\u6982\u9700\u8981 20 \u5206\u949f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u91c7\u7528 GPU \u52a0\u901f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u95f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230 1 \u5206\u949f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u6536\u636e\u201d\uff08instant tx receipts\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u5f08\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6253\u5305\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u9700\u62b5\u62bc\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6253\u5305\u5230\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b14\u94b1\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u6536\u636e\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230 1 \u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\u3002","title":"\u4e94. RollUp \u5ef6\u8fdf\u95ee\u9898"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#_2","text":"\u901a\u7528\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0cOptimistic Rollup \u660e\u663e\u597d\u4e8eZK Rollup\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002\u800c ZK Rollup \u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u8d77\u6765\u56f0\u96be\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 ZEXE\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u77ed\u521b\u5efa\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5408\u7ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002Matter Labs\u56e2\u961f\u57fa\u4e8eZK Rollup\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u6848 ZK Sync\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u4ee5\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6c99\u76d2\u5f0f\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002","title":"\u516d. \u901a\u7528\u6027"},{"location":"src/rollup-all.html#_3","text":"\u672c\u6587\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u6848 Rollup \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd Rollup \u65b9\u6848 ZK Rollup \u548c Optimistic Rollup \u5728\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002 rollup \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027 \u5ef6\u8fdf \u5b89\u5168\u6027 \u901a\u7528\u6027 optimistic rollup 450TPS \u4e00\u5468 \u5dee \u597d zk rollup 680TPS 20min \u597d \u5dee \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u770b\u6765 Optimistic Rollup \u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff1b\u4f46\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0cZK Rollup \u4f1a\u5728\u901a\u7528\u6027\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002","title":"\u4e03. \u603b\u7ed3"},{"location":"src/starkex.html","text":"\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u505a\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u770b\u6587\u6863, StarkEx \u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6863: https://docs.starkware.co/starkex-docs-v2-chinese/ \u4e0b\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684 merkle \u6811 \u548c \u7a00\u758f\u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6700\u8fd1\u53bb\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u7a00\u758f\u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5413\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u51c6\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u9177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002 \u4e00. \u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811 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\u6811\u5927\u591a\u662f\u2026\u2026\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u3002H(null)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u503c\uff0cH(H(null))\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6811\u7684\u5927\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\uff01 4. \u7528\u4f8b \u7a00\u758f\u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u9177\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 Plasma Cash\u5229\u7528\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u5173\u5b58\u5165\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a Plasma Cash \u8d44\u4ea7\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 ID\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\u7684\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\u4e2d\uff01\u5305\u542b\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\uff01\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002 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\u6700\u7ec8\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a","title":"\u4e00. \u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811"},{"location":"src/starkex.html#1","text":"\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u6839\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6563\u5217\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6811\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u201cMerkle proof\u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83A\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662fA\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5339\u914d\u3002 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Merkle \u6811\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002","title":"1.\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u5305\u542b"},{"location":"src/starkex.html#_2","text":"\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7a00\u758f\u9ed8\u514b\u5c14\u6811\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7a00\u758f Merkle \u6811\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6 Merkle \u6811\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u90fd\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e0e\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002 \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u68f5\u6709\u56db\u7247\u53f6\u5b50\u7684 Merkle \u6811\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd ( A, D) 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\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp://www.wenwoha.com/20/course_article?act_id=249","title":"\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1aLayer2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u9053"},{"location":"src/state-chain.html#_1","text":"\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u7684\u662f\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8d26\u672c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d26\u6237\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u6216 UTXO \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3001\u4f59\u989d\uff08\u6216 UTXO \u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\u7684\u672a\u82b1\u8d39\u4ea4\u6613\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u3001\u5408\u7ea6\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u9053\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u65b9\u6216\u591a\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u4e0b\u901a\u9053\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\u548c\u5373\u65f6\u5230\u8d26\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u9053\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\uff1a 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\u8282\u70b9\u79bb\u7ebf\u95ee\u9898"},{"location":"src/state-chain.html#3_1","text":"\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u9501\u5b9a\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u865a\u62df\u901a\u9053\u3001\u5143\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\u201c\u57ab\u4ed8\u201d\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u6216\u9501\u5b9a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u5927\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u8f6c\u8d26\u91d1\u989d\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u4e5f\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u8d8a\u9ad8\u6602\u3002 Liquidity Network \u548c Celer Network \u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5171\u4eab\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ece\u901a\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u8005\u5904\u79df\u501f\u901a\u8bc1\u6216\u652f\u4ed8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76f8\u4e92\u201c\u62c6\u501f\u201d\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u7684\u9501\u5b9a\u3002 \u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3a Celer Network \u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u62cd\u5356\u673a\u5236\uff08LiBA\uff0cLiquidity Backing Auction\uff09\u3001\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u91d1\u62c5\u4fdd\u6316\u77ff\u673a\u5236\uff08PoLC Mining\uff0cProof of Liquidity Commitment Mining\uff09\u548c\u94fe\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d PoLC Mining \u673a\u5236\u662f Celer \u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8d28\u62bc\u62c5\u4fdd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ece\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u91d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u96c6\u95f2\u6563\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u4ece\u50a8\u6237\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 LiBA \u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u653e\u8d37\u3002 Liquidity Network \u57fa\u4e8e NOCUST \u7684\u591a\u65b9\u652f\u4ed8\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6c47\u805a\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u62b5\u62bc\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u91d1\u9501\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u95ea\u7535\u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c 100%\u7684\u62b5\u62bc\uff0c\u4e14\u62b5\u62bc\u91d1\u76f8\u4e92\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\u3002 \u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp://www.wenwoha.com/20/course_article?act_id=249","title":"3. \u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u9501\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898"},{"location":"src/valid-proof.html","text":"","title":"\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u8bc1\u660e\u7b80\u4ecb"},{"location":"src/validium.html","text":"\u4e00. Validium \u7b80\u4ecb Validium\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eZK rollup\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u5e03\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002 Validium\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u6027\u4e5f\u5230\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u5916\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u968f\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u91d1\u989d\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cStarkWare\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08DAC\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d8\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ecd\u4f7f\u7528zkp\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u73b0\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53ca\u65f6\u6027\u3002 Validium\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728ZKR\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5957\u4ef6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5176\u52bf\u5934\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528Validium\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5305\u62ecDeversiFi\u3001ZKSwap\uff08\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\uff09\u3001Sorare\uff08\u8db3\u7403NFT\u6e38\u620f\uff09\u548cImmutable X\uff08NFT \u5e02\u573a\uff09\u3002 \u4e8c. Validium \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 Validium \u9009\u62e9\u5c06 layer 2 \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6bd4 rollup \u67b6\u6784\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\uff0cValidium \u4e0d\u50cf Plasma \u4f9d\u6258\u8bc8\u6b3a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5982\u5148\u524d\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba zkRollup \u65f6\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Validium \u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u666e\u9002\u6027\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 StarkEx \u5c31\u662f\u9762\u5411\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u8861\u4f7f\u5f97 Validium \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4f18\u4e8e Plasma \u3002\u5728\u4e3b\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u6267\u884c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u6548\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6267\u884c\u8005\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u52fe\u7ed3\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u8ba9\u72b6\u6001\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a \u201c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u94b1\u8f6c\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8d26\u6237\u201d \u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u529e\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64 Validium \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1 \u201c\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u9000\u51fa\u201d \u6fc0\u52b1\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u957f\u8d44\u91d1\u4ece layer 2 \u9000\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e07\u7075\u4e39\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\uff08\u6076\u610f\uff09\u6267\u884c\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u79ef\u538b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u9000\u51fa\u8d44\u91d1\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b Merkle proof \u3002 \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62Validium\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\u653b\u51fb\uff1f\u4ece2016\u5e74\u63d0\u51faPlasma\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0czkRollup\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u8bde\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002Non-rollup\u8bd5\u56fe\u65e0\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u5730\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u53bbValidium\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46StarkEx\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08DAC\uff09\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 DAC\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u7b7e\u7f72\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728StarkEx\u4e2d\uff0cDAC\u75318\u4f4d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u592a\u591a\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u4e2d\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6ee5\u7528\u5176\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002 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Validium\u58f0\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u52309000tps\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u548c\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\u5f97\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982zkRollup\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u652f\u4ed8\uff08VISA\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5e73\u5747\u7684tps\u4e3a2000\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u65e0\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7be1\u6539\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8eValidium\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u4fe1\u4efb\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u597d\u6e38\u620f\u3002 \u7ed3\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660ezkRollups\u548cValidium\uff08StarkEX\uff09\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u94fe\u4e0b\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u573a\u666f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1zkRollup\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u987b\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u6269\u5c55\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7Validium\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6258\u7ba1\u6027\u7684PoA\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8fd8\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u7279\u5f81\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u5728\u51cf\u8f7b\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u671d\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e2a\u4eba\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f5c\u6076\u201d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u6076\u201d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6258\u7ba1\u3001\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u6027\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u9664\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u6765\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u4e4b\u594b\u6597\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff1aLayer2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b Validium"},{"location":"src/validium.html#validium","text":"Validium\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eZK rollup\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u5e03\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002 Validium\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u6027\u4e5f\u5230\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u5916\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u968f\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u91d1\u989d\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cStarkWare\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08DAC\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d8\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ecd\u4f7f\u7528zkp\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u73b0\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u53ca\u65f6\u6027\u3002 Validium\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728ZKR\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5957\u4ef6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5176\u52bf\u5934\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528Validium\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5305\u62ecDeversiFi\u3001ZKSwap\uff08\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\uff09\u3001Sorare\uff08\u8db3\u7403NFT\u6e38\u620f\uff09\u548cImmutable X\uff08NFT \u5e02\u573a\uff09\u3002","title":"\u4e00. Validium \u7b80\u4ecb"},{"location":"src/validium.html#validium_1","text":"Validium \u9009\u62e9\u5c06 layer 2 \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5728\u94fe\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6bd4 rollup \u67b6\u6784\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\uff0cValidium \u4e0d\u50cf Plasma \u4f9d\u6258\u8bc8\u6b3a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5982\u5148\u524d\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba zkRollup \u65f6\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Validium \u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u666e\u9002\u6027\u4f4e\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 StarkEx \u5c31\u662f\u9762\u5411\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u8861\u4f7f\u5f97 Validium \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4f18\u4e8e Plasma \u3002\u5728\u4e3b\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u6267\u884c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u6548\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6267\u884c\u8005\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u52fe\u7ed3\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u8ba9\u72b6\u6001\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a \u201c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u94b1\u8f6c\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8d26\u6237\u201d \u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u529e\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64 Validium \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1 \u201c\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u9000\u51fa\u201d \u6fc0\u52b1\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u957f\u8d44\u91d1\u4ece layer 2 \u9000\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e07\u7075\u4e39\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\uff08\u6076\u610f\uff09\u6267\u884c\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u79ef\u538b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u9000\u51fa\u8d44\u91d1\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b Merkle proof \u3002 \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62Validium\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\u653b\u51fb\uff1f\u4ece2016\u5e74\u63d0\u51faPlasma\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0czkRollup\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u8bde\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002Non-rollup\u8bd5\u56fe\u65e0\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u5730\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u53bbValidium\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46StarkEx\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08DAC\uff09\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 DAC\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u7b7e\u7f72\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728StarkEx\u4e2d\uff0cDAC\u75318\u4f4d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u592a\u591a\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u4e2d\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6ee5\u7528\u5176\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002 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Validium\u58f0\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u52309000tps\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u548c\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\u5f97\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982zkRollup\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u652f\u4ed8\uff08VISA\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5e73\u5747\u7684tps\u4e3a2000\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u65e0\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7be1\u6539\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8eValidium\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u4fe1\u4efb\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u597d\u6e38\u620f\u3002 \u7ed3\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660ezkRollups\u548cValidium\uff08StarkEX\uff09\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u94fe\u4e0b\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u573a\u666f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1zkRollup\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u987b\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u6269\u5c55\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7Validium\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6258\u7ba1\u6027\u7684PoA\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8fd8\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u7279\u5f81\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u5728\u51cf\u8f7b\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u671d\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e2a\u4eba\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f5c\u6076\u201d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u6076\u201d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6258\u7ba1\u3001\u6297\u5ba1\u67e5\u6027\u3001\u9690\u79c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u9664\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u6765\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u4e4b\u594b\u6597\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002","title":"\u4e8c. Validium \u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406"},{"location":"src/zksync.html","text":"\u4e00. zkSync \u7b80\u4ecb zkSync \u662f\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\uff09\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ece\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u79fb\u5f00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7ee7\u627f\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 zkSync\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u9700\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c \u5e95\u5c42\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a zkRollup\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u94fe\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u79bb\u5f00\u8fc7\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e00\u6837\u3002 \u4e8c. zkSync \u7684\u4f18\u52bf \u4f4e gas\uff1a\u9ad8\u8fbe L1 gas \u7684 1/100\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e50\u89c2\u6c47\u603b\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c \u9ad8\u901f\uff1a\u6bcf\u79d2 2000+ \u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1 (tps)\uff0c\u200b\u200b\u800c L1 \u4e0a\u7684 14tps \u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u7531\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4fdd\u62a4 \u65e0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u5730\u5728 L1 \u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\u60a8\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5ef6\u8fdf \u5ba1\u67e5\u963b\u529b\uff1a\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u79fb\u56de L1 \u4e09. zkSync \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684 zkSync \u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0czkSync \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a ZK \u6c47\u603b\u3002\uff08ZK \u4ee3\u8868\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e8b\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u900f\u9732\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09 \u6709\u5173 zk Rollup \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u5728\u6865\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\uff0czkSync \u548c Arbitrum \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e Withdraw \u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3a\uff1a 1. L2\u2014>L1 \u7528\u6237\u5728 L2 \u53d1\u8d77 Withdraw \u4ea4\u6613\uff1a\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684 zkSync \u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u8be5\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u6210 Ethereum \u7b7e\u540d\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b EIP-1712 \u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94 JSON RPC \u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613 \u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u5230 L1\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165 zkSync operator \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\u7684 zkSync \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d \u5bf9\u533a\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u82e5\u5e72\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684 ZK proof \u5c06\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8be5 proof \u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u5e03\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\uff0cWithdraw \u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210 \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\uff0czk Rollup \u65b9\u6848\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e Optimistic Rollup \u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e zk Rollup \u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9 EVM \u5c1a\u9700\u65f6\u65e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9884\u8ba1 Optimistic Rollup \u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u524d\u671f\u4e3b\u6d41 L2 \u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6865\u6765\u89e3\u51b3 Optimistic Rollup \u9000\u51fa\u671f\u592a\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6765\u5e26\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e2\u961f\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002 \u56db. zkSync2.0 zkSync 2.0 \u7684\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u90fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff0c\u4f46\u8d39\u7528\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u662f\u7528 Solidity/Vyper \u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6 EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u94fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u3002 \u65e0\u9700\u6ce8\u518c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 zkSync\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94b1\u5305\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u3002 \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599 zksync \u7528\u6237\u6587\u6863 zksync \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6587\u6863 zksync 2.0","title":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1aZk Rollup \u4ee3\u8868\u9879\u76ee zk sync"},{"location":"src/zksync.html#zksync","text":"zkSync \u662f\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\uff09\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c06\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ece\u7b2c 1 \u5c42\u79fb\u5f00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7ee7\u627f\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 zkSync\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u9700\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c \u5e95\u5c42\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a zkRollup\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u94fe\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u79bb\u5f00\u8fc7\u4e3b\u7f51\u4e00\u6837\u3002","title":"\u4e00. zkSync \u7b80\u4ecb"},{"location":"src/zksync.html#zksync_1","text":"\u4f4e gas\uff1a\u9ad8\u8fbe L1 gas \u7684 1/100\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e50\u89c2\u6c47\u603b\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c \u9ad8\u901f\uff1a\u6bcf\u79d2 2000+ \u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1 (tps)\uff0c\u200b\u200b\u800c L1 \u4e0a\u7684 14tps \u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u7531\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e3b\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4fdd\u62a4 \u65e0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u5730\u5728 L1 \u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\u60a8\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5ef6\u8fdf \u5ba1\u67e5\u963b\u529b\uff1a\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u79fb\u56de L1","title":"\u4e8c. zkSync \u7684\u4f18\u52bf"},{"location":"src/zksync.html#zksync_2","text":"zkSync \u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u5c42\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0czkSync \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a ZK \u6c47\u603b\u3002\uff08ZK \u4ee3\u8868\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e8b\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u900f\u9732\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09 \u6709\u5173 zk Rollup \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u5728\u6865\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\uff0czkSync \u548c Arbitrum \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e Withdraw \u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u96f6\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3a\uff1a","title":"\u4e09. zkSync \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684"},{"location":"src/zksync.html#1-l2l1","text":"\u7528\u6237\u5728 L2 \u53d1\u8d77 Withdraw \u4ea4\u6613\uff1a\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684 zkSync \u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u8be5\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6613\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u6210 Ethereum \u7b7e\u540d\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b EIP-1712 \u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94 JSON RPC \u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613 \u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u5230 L1\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u5165 zkSync operator \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\u7684 zkSync \u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d \u5bf9\u533a\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u82e5\u5e72\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u533a\u5757\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684 ZK proof \u5c06\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8be5 proof \u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u5e03\u5230 L1 \u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\uff0cWithdraw \u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210 \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\uff0czk Rollup \u65b9\u6848\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e Optimistic Rollup \u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e zk Rollup \u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9 EVM \u5c1a\u9700\u65f6\u65e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9884\u8ba1 Optimistic Rollup \u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u524d\u671f\u4e3b\u6d41 L2 \u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6865\u6765\u89e3\u51b3 Optimistic Rollup \u9000\u51fa\u671f\u592a\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6765\u5e26\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e2\u961f\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002","title":"1. L2\u2014>L1"},{"location":"src/zksync.html#zksync20","text":"zkSync 2.0 \u7684\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u90fd\u50cf\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff0c\u4f46\u8d39\u7528\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u662f\u7528 Solidity/Vyper \u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6 EVM \u517c\u5bb9\u94fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u3002 \u65e0\u9700\u6ce8\u518c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 zkSync\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u94b1\u5305\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u3002 \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599 zksync \u7528\u6237\u6587\u6863 zksync \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6587\u6863 zksync 2.0","title":"\u56db. zkSync2.0"}]} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/sitemap.xml b/docs/sitemap.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9e439c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/sitemap.xml @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ + + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/index.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/code/READM.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/code/arbitrum/rollup.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/code/arbitrum/setup.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/code/arbitrum/tx.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/code/optimism/tx.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/images/readme.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/arbi-op-zk.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/arbitrum-optimistim.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/arbitrum.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/cross-chain.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/fraud-proof.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/last-ret.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/layer2-chain.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/layer2-design.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/layer2-eco.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/layer2-main.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/normal-crosschain.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/optimistim-metis-boba.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/oz-rollup.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/ozv.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/plasma.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/polygon.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/rollup-all.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/starkex.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/state-chain.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/valid-proof.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/validium.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + + https://layer2.wenwoha.com/src/zksync.html + 2023-01-26 + daily + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/sitemap.xml.gz b/docs/sitemap.xml.gz new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a99b62 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/sitemap.xml.gz differ diff --git a/docs/src/arbi-op-zk.html b/docs/src/arbi-op-zk.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7645ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/arbi-op-zk.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十八章：zk sync 和 arbitrum 和 optimistim 对比 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第十六章：arbitrum 和 optimistim 对比

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    第十四章：Optimistic Rollup 代表项目 arbitrum

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    Arbitrum 是以太坊的第 2 层扩展解决方案。Tracer 将在下个月在Arbitrum上部署其永久掉期。以下阅读将让您全面了解 Arbitrum 的驱动机制，让您在 L2 环境中使用 Tracer 进行交易时更加舒适和理解。

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    一. 架构总结

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    • 由于 Arbitrum (L2) 作为以太坊 (L1) 的可扩展性解决方案而存在，因此 Arbitrum 架构自然部分存在于 L1 上，部分存在于 L2 上。
      • +
    • 存在于 L1 上的 Arbitrum 组件是 EthBridge，它是一组以太坊合约。
      • +
    • EthBridge 负责仲裁 Arbitrum Rollup 协议，以及维护链的收件箱和发件箱。
      • +
    • 链的收件箱和发件箱允许用户、L1 合约和完整节点将他们的交易发送到链并观察这些交易的结果。
      • +
    • Arbitrum 虚拟机是 L1 和 L2 之间的网关，由 EthBridge 提供的功能。
      • +
    • AVM 能够读取输入并在这些输入上执行计算以产生输出。
      • +
    • ArbOS 运行在 Arbitrum 虚拟机之上，负责确保智能合约在 Arbitrum 链上的执行。
      • +
    • ArbOS 完全存在于 L2 上，并像在以太坊上运行一样运行 EVM 合约。
      • +
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    下图为Arbitrum 架构的高级视图

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    二. 汇总协议

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    • 链收件箱中消息的顺序决定了交易的结果。
        +
      • 随后，任何正在查看收件箱的人都可以通过自动执行来了解交易的结果。
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      +
      • +
    • Rollup 协议负责确认已经有效发生的事务的结果。
      • +
    • 参与协议的用户称为验证者；如果验证者将 Eth 质押到存款合约中，他们就会成为质押者并可以质押 Rollup 链中的块。
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      • 验证者和质押者的角色都是未经许可的。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 在安全性方面，只需要一个诚实的验证者来强制链的正确执行。
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      • 这使汇总链具有与以太坊主链相同程度的去信任性。
        • +
      • Arbitrum 假设存在至少一个诚实的验证者。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • Rollup 协议作用于 Rollup 链，它是与以太坊链分开存在的汇总块链。
      • +
    • 验证者的角色是提议将新块添加到链中。
      • +
    • 提议的每个区块最终都会被协议确认或拒绝。
      • +
    • 每个区块由多个字段组成，除了区块编号字段之外，每个字段中给出的数据都是由区块提议者做出的断言，可能正确也可能不正确。
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      • 如果任何断言的字段不正确，协议最终将拒绝该块。
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      +
      • +
    • 一旦提出一个块，它就会收到确认的最后期限。
      • +
    • 如果验证者不同意该区块，他们应该提出自己的正确区块，这会在诚实的验证者最终以不正确的区块获得欺诈证明时获得一些奖励。
      • +
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    三. 质押

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    • 为了让质押者向链中添加汇总块，他们必须将他们的质押放在他们正在添加的块上。
      • +
    • 质押是无许可的，任何人都可以在任何可以质押的区块上质押。
      • +
    • 一旦您被质押在一个区块上，在该区块被确认之前，您无法撤回您的质押。
      • +
    • 当您质押一个区块时，您正在确认一个区块是正确的，并且链中最近确认的区块和您所质押的区块之间的每个区块都是正确的。
      • +
    • 如果您质押的区块不正确，或者最近确认的区块与您质押的区块之间的链中的区块不正确，您将没收您的质押。
      • +
    • 如果您没有在某个区块上质押，您可以在最近确认的区块上质押。
      • +
    • 如果您被质押在一个汇总区块上，您可以将您的质押扩展到您所质押的区块的任何继任者。
      • +
    • 质押所需的金额是动态的。
        +
      • 在 Arbitrum 链中，有一个作为参数指定的基本质押量，大部分时间都会使用。
        • +
      • 作为一种安全措施，可以防止攻击者在失去权益的情况下减慢网络速度，因为第一个未解决节点的截止日期已过，权益金额乘以一个随时间呈指数增长的因子。
        • +
      • 这是为了在攻击期间增加这种攻击的成本。
        • +
      • 这种增加的权益是暂时的，并且仅在区块链确认区块进展缓慢时才会发生。
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    四.挑战协议

    +
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    • 当两个质押者被质押在不同的区块上时，其中一个区块不是另一个区块的继承者，就会有一个他们不同意的特定区块，并且会发生挑战。
      • +
    • 大多数挑战发生在 Arbitrum 链上，并由 L1 合约引用。
      • +
    • 挑战包括在 L2 上进行的交互式多轮解剖游戏，以及在 L1 上执行的一步证明。
      • +
    • 提出有争议的区块的质押者正在为他们的主张辩护，反对不同意的质押者。
      • +
    • 防御方的质押者实质上声称，通过从前一个块开始，在虚拟机执行了一些 N 条指令之后，前一个块状态将被推进到他们提议的块中给定的状态。
      • +
    • 防守方（Alice）将通过将 N 指令分解为大小为 N/K 的 K 个部分，在分解游戏中迈出第一步。
        +
      • 请注意，子部分的大小在步数方面不相等，但在 Arbgas 消耗量方面大小相等。
        • +
      • 另请注意，每个段自然会有一个起点和一个终点（这很简单，但会使下一个点更容易理解）。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 对方的质押者 (Bob) 也会将指令集分解为大小为 N/K 的 K 个部分，除了 Bob 的 K 个片段中的一个片段将具有与 Alice 的相应片段的端点不同的端点。
        +
      • 这本质上是 Bob 识别他不同意的部分。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 然后 Bob 将执行与 Alice 的初始步骤相同的操作，并将其中一个片段分解为大小为 N/K 的 K 个子片段，并将该片段与已识别的子片段一起发送回 Alice。
      • +
    • 然后 Alice 执行与 Bob 的初始步骤相同的操作，并确定她不同意其端点的子段。
      • +
    • 这个剖析过程一直持续到 Alice 和 Bob 确定了一条他们不同意的指令。
      • +
    • 该指令被发送到 L1 合同，该合同执行它并决定争议的获胜者。
      • +
    • 争议的失败者将被没收他们的股份，其中一部分将被烧毁 - 以避免攻击者对冲他们的赌注 - 其余的股份将作为奖励给予诚实的质押者。
      • +
    • 在整个解剖过程中，裁判游戏的L1合约本身并不知道指令的任何信息，它只是检查每个玩家是否遵守解剖游戏的规则。
      • +
    • 在争议期间，所有其他验证者都能够在争议最终确定之前自行确定争议结果；这意味着本质上会发生软分叉，并且验证者可以继续在正确的链上提交汇总块。
      • +
    • 挑战期对每个质押者的时间限制约为一周。
      • +
    • 每个质押者必须在他们的周分配内完成所有行动，否则他们将输掉这场争论。
        +
      • 想想一个国际象棋时钟。
        • +
      +
      • +
    +

    +

    两个质押者在挑战协议期间进行的多轮交互式解剖游戏的演示。实际上，有争议的断言将有更多的指令（​​其中带有波浪线的行），因此将进行更多轮次，但原理是相同的。

    +

    五.验证器

    +
      +
    • 验证者是 Arbitrum 链上的一个节点，它选择监视 Rollup 协议的活动并推进链的状态。
        +
      • 并非所有节点都充当验证者。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • Offchain Labs 希望验证者遵循主动、防御或瞭望塔策略；虽然，这不是由协议强制执行的。
        +
      • 一个“活跃的验证者”不断地通过提出新的区块来推进链。每条链只需要一个诚实的活跃验证者；增加活跃验证者的数量并不会提高链的效率。
        • +
      • “防御性验证者”监视 Rollup 协议并仅在他们目睹不诚实行为时采取行动，此时他们将提出一个正确的块 - 或者如果已经提出了一个正确的块 - 他们将在该块上进行质押。
        • +
      • 一个“瞭望塔验证者”就像一个防御性验证者一样监视 Rollup 协议，但如果他们目睹了不诚实的行为，他们不会自己提议或抵押一个正确的区块，而是简单地提醒其他验证者这样做。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 链下实验室将在其旗舰 Arbitrum 链上运行一个活跃的验证器。
      • +
    • 在大多数情况下，防御和瞭望塔验证者不需要做任何事情，因此攻击者永远不会知道有多少防御验证者。
      • +
    • 尽管任何人都可以成为验证者，但预计选择成为验证者的主要各方将是在链中投资大量资产的一方，或者是那些有大量投资的人聘请成为验证者的一方。
      • +
    +

    六. 全节点

    +
      +
    • Arbitrum 上的全节点与以太坊上的全节点具有相同的作用；他们跟踪链的状态并允许其他人与链交互
      • +
    • 由于内置 AVM 仿真器，全节点能够将链视为计算输入的输出，而无需了解实际的 Rollup 协议。
      • +
    • 全节点可以作为链上的聚合器，进一步提高用户的成本效率。
      • +
    • Arbitrum 包括向用户收取费用的设施，以补偿全节点在充当聚合器时所产生的成本。
      • +
    • 全节点还可以压缩事务以进一步降低 L1 调用数据成本。
        +
      • 全节点将压缩的交易提交到链的收件箱，arbOS 接收它并解压缩交易。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 全节点通常会同时包含压缩和聚合，即它将一批压缩交易提交到链的收件箱。
      • +
    +

    七.定序器模式

    +
      +
    • 启动 Arbitrum 链时，可以选择使用定序器启动。
      • +
    • 定序器是一个完整的节点，它对链的收件箱中的交易排序具有额外的特权。
      • +
    • 这些特权允许排序器立即保证交易的结果。
      • +
    • 当使用音序器启动 Arbitrum 链时，链收件箱有效地分成两部分：
        +
      • 如果没有定序器，一个收件箱将照常运行，即节点可以向收件箱发送消息，该收件箱将带有块号和时间戳。
        • +
      • 第二个收件箱将由定序器控制，只有定序器可以向此收件箱发送消息
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 当定序器将消息发送到他们的收件箱时，他们可以指定标记消息的块号和时间戳。
        +
      • 这包括过去的块号和时间戳，直到指定的 delta_blocks, 过去的块和 delta_seconds, 过去的秒数。
        • +
      • 这些增量值通常对应于大约十分钟的挂钟时间。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 现在，当 arbOS 检查收件箱时，它将收到具有最低块号的消息，该消息可能位于常规收件箱或定序器收件箱的头部。
      • +
    • 定序器可以回溯多远的限制与在以太坊上实现最终确定性所需的确认块数量有关。
        +
      • 如果需要 x 数量的块来实现以太坊上的最终确定性，那么排序器将回溯 x 个块，以便它确切地知道哪些交易将在其当前交易之前。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 当在 Arbitrum 链上激活定序器模式时，提交给定序器的交易将比没有定序器时更快地实现 x 个块，但提交到常规收件箱的交易将比没有定序器时慢 x 个块没有音序器。
        +
      • 这被认为是一个积极的权衡，因为在将即时和五分钟的确定性与五分钟和十分钟的确定性进行比较时存在很大的实际差异。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 但是，恶意定序器能够在一定程度上利用这些特权。
        +
      • 恶意排序器能够通过简单地不将它们包含到排序器收件箱来审查用户的交易，迫使用户在意识到它们已被审查后将相同的交易发送到常规收件箱。
        • +
      • 定序器也有能力抢先运行用户的交易。
        • +
      +
      • +
    • 最初的 Arbitrum 链将使用由 Offchain Labs 运行的定序器启动。
      • +
    • Cornell Tech 的一个团队之前已经成功地研究了开发去中心化的公平排序器算法，并且通过更多的工作，这将形成 Arbitrum 的长期解决方案。 +
      • +
    +

    八. ArbGas / 费用

    +
      +
    • ArbGas 的运作方式与以太坊 gas 类似，因为它用于衡量 Arbitrum 链上的计算成本。
      • +
    • 但是，Arbitrum 链上没有硬性 ArbGas 限制，并且 ArbGas 的消耗速度比以太坊 gas 快得多。
      • +
    • ArbGas 的一个关键作用是提供一个可预测的度量来衡量验证计算结果所需的时间。
      • +
    • 每个汇总块都包含一个关于链中消耗的 ArbGas 总量的声明，这意味着当前块的声明与前一个块的声明之间的差异应该是当前区块中消耗了多少 ArbGas 的有效指标。
      • +
    • 这样，正在检查区块有效性的验证者可以将他们的 gas 限制设置为这个数量，如果他们在到达区块末尾之前用完了 ArbGas，他们可以确定他们已经识别出一个无效区块并成功挑战它。
      • +
    • 用户在向链提交交易时需要支付费用。
      • +
    • 如果用户将他们的交易发送给聚合器，部分费用将自动支付给聚合器以支付他们所产生的费用。
      • +
    • 剩余的费用被发送到网络费用池，用于支付确保链安全运行的服务。
      • +
    • 对 L2 交易、L1 调用数据、计算和存储收取费用。
      • +
    • 费用以 Eth 支付。
      • +
    +

    九.总结

    +
      +
    • Arbitrum 是由 Offchain Labs 开发的 L2 可扩展性解决方案：一个使用多轮交互式挑战协议的乐观汇总。
      • +
    • 从用户的角度来看，与 Arbitrum 链的交互将是与以太坊交互的相同体验。
      • +
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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/cross-chain.html b/docs/src/cross-chain.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3916fc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/cross-chain.html @@ -0,0 +1,903 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第一章：跨链和侧链技术简单介绍 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
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    第一章：跨链和侧链技术简单介绍

    + +

    第一章: 跨链和侧链技术简单介绍

    +

    一. 侧链

    +

    是对于某个主链的一个相对概念。英文为 sidechains。侧链协议是一种实现双向锚定(Two-way Peg)的协议，通过侧链协议实现资产在主链 和其它链之间互相转换，或是以独立的、隔离系统的形式，降低核心区块链上发生交易 的次数。

    +

    侧链是以融合的方式实现加密货币金融生态的目标，而不是像其它加密货币一样排斥现有的系统。利用侧链，我们可以轻松的建立各种 Defi，NFT 和 Gamefi 等产品，能提高交易的效率，降低交易成本。

    +

    Ethereum 上面的很多二层网络其实就是以侧链的形式而存在。

    +

    二. 跨链

    +

    2. 跨链简介

    +

    跨链（cross-chain），顾名思义，就是通过连接相对独立的区块链系统，实现资产、数据等的跨链互操作。

    +

    跨链的主要实现形式包括跨链资产互换和跨链资产转移。跨链资产互换指将一条链上的资产兑换成等值的另一条链上的资产，每条链上的资产总量不变。

    +

    早期跨链技术包括以 Interledger Protocal 和 BTC Relay 为代表，更多是关注资产 的转移;现有跨链技术以 Aion、Kyber Network、Bletchley、Polkadot、Cosmos 主要 着重的是跨链基础设施。“如果说共识机制是区块链的灵魂核心，那么对于区块链特别是联盟链及私链来看，跨链技术就是实现价值网络的关键，它是把联盟链从分散单独的 孤岛中拯救出来的良药。

    +

    2. 跨链的价值

    +
    突破底层公链性能和功能瓶颈
    +

    随着区块链网络的快速发展，性能逐渐成为制约区块链发展的重大瓶颈，通过将部分事务处理转移到侧链或链下能够提升区块链网络的性能。部分功能创新也可以通过侧链实现，从而保证主链的安全性。

    +
    实现不同区块链间资产的转移
    +

    单一的区块链系统无法获取外部数据，使不同链之间或者链外可信数据上链，但是随着技术的发展，场景越来越多的需要链间互操作的能力。虽然说可以通过第三方部分平台来完成一定交互，但是又会引入新的中心化节点，带来新的不可信及安全性问题，跨链希望的是通过技术而不是机构或人来提供可信，可靠和高效的保障。这里需要的跨链互操作场景包括但不限于跨链支付结算，去中心化交易所，跨链信息交互等。

    +
    实现区块链上链资产的冻结锁定
    +

    在一些金融场景中需要基于特定链上的信息对某些链上的数据提供冻结锁定的能力，同时还可以设定某个资产的锁定条件和其解锁条件也与其他链的事件或者行为进行关联；

    +
    读取和验证其他链的状态或值.
    +

    不同类型的联盟链在不同生态下构建起来，很多场景下需要在某些联盟链中读取数据用于自己当前的链中，例如，司法应用中跨链的可信取证。或在当前区块链上部署的智能合约，需要依赖于其他链的信息和数据才可以触发其执行的条件，跨链读在类似的场景中具有典型应用价值;

    +

    三.区别与联系

    +

    跨链除了增强了可拓展性，还提高了可操作性。比如，我们把比特币从比特币公链利用跨链协议转移到以太坊上后，便可以用以太坊的智能合约来编程了。

    +

    1.侧链背后的技术

    +

    侧链的诞生，源于应对比特币的低 TPS 挑战。当年，每秒只能处理 7 笔交易的比特币可拓展性太差，导致许多高级应用无发建立。于是，大家通过增加侧链，来辅助比特币主链，从而让比特币可以自由、安全、更快地“跑”起来。

    +

    侧链与主链沟通的过程被称为成为“双向锚定”（也称“双向挂钩”，2WP） 。“锚定”一词在经济学中较为常见，指双方交易中一方要以另一方的行动为基准。

    +

    在区块链中，由于比特币实际上不是简单的“转移”，而是暂时将其在比特币区块链上锁定，之后将等量等值的代币在侧链上释放。当等量等值的代币在侧链上被锁定时，比特币区块链上的原始比特币就可以被释放了。因此， “双向锚定”实际上就是一方是否解锁，要以另一方是否已经有投币行为为基准。

    +

    2.跨链

    +

    不同于侧链，跨链中，链与链的关系是对等的。用户可以通过“双向锚定” 来“转移”比特币。同时，跨链还可以实现汇率兑换、智能合约交互等功能状态的转移、交换。 +和侧链技术一样，跨链技术也需要解决资产的锁定与管理问题。

    + + + + + + +
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    + + +
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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/fraud-proof.html b/docs/src/fraud-proof.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cc3fb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/fraud-proof.html @@ -0,0 +1,947 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第八章：欺诈证明简介 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第八章：欺诈证明简介

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    一. RollUp

    +

    Rollup 的核心思路是在L1上保存能够验证交易过程的凭证，而将交易过程(计算过程)还有状态存储运行在L2中。

    +

    何为交易过程的凭证，我们知道交易执行的过程就是由1个状态转移到另外1个状态的过程，如果L1知道了一组交易前的状态和一组交易后的状态还有这一组交易，自然可以验证这组交易对应的状态转移是否正确。

    +

    +

    如上图所示，发布者将交易前状态树的根hash 交易后状态树的根hash以及交易发布到L1上，L1智能合约确认交易前状态树根hash是否和存储的根hash一致。交易前的根hash一致说明起始状态正确，那么本次交易过程是否正确如何验证呢？最安全的做法肯定是我们每次都在L1上重新执行L2的交易树，进行状态转移，但这样L2失去了意义，还是会面临不可能三角中处理速度的问题。

    +

    如何去验证状态转移是否正确也引出了2种不同的Layer2 Rollup机制。

    +

    第一种是欺诈证明，即默认相信存入的状态是正确的，等待其他参与者提出欺诈证明挑战，每一次L2发布到L1时的节点都要缴纳一定的保障金，当欺诈被证明后 回滚到前一状态，发布者保证金会被全部扣除，部分给到挑战者，部分直接销毁。如何证明欺诈，根据和L1交互程度的不同，分为交互式欺诈证明和非交互式欺诈证明，下面会详细解释。

    +

    第二种是零知识证明，每次存入状态都需要给出证明，证明会在L1进行验证，如果验证根hash值是正确的，代表发布者的发布无误，这里的证明用到了零知识证明相关研究。

    +

    本文咱们主要讲解欺诈证明，关于零知识证明，后面我会有一个专门的课题来介绍零知识证明

    +

    二. 欺诈证明

    +

    欺诈证明是一种技术机制，在使用 Optimistic Rollups (ORs) 的去中心化应用程序 (dApp) 生态系统中用作债券，这是一种侧链，旨在降低 dApp 在区块链平台上可能遇到的费用和延迟。负责处理 OR 的排序器必须在其工作中包含欺诈证明，以激励良好的表现。排序者根据共识规则处理汇总会获得经济奖励，并通过在破坏它们时丧失其欺诈证明而受到经济惩罚。

    +

    欺诈证明的主要优势在于，并非每次状态转换都需要它们，但只有当事情发生故障时才需要它们。因此，它们需要更少的计算资源，并且更适合可扩展性受限的环境。这些协议的主要缺点源于它们的交互性：它们定义了多方之间的“对话”。对话要求各方——尤其是声称欺诈的一方——在场（活跃），并允许其他方通过各种方式打断对话。但问题的核心是协议将沉默（对新状态不存在挑战）解释为默示同意。事实上，攻击者可以尝试通过 DDoS 攻击来制造沉默的表面。

    +

    让我们描述一下概念协议：由于一个块可能包含不正确的状态转换，因此欺诈证明协议允许一个时间框架——争议时间延迟（DTD）——来质疑这个不正确的状态。该窗口以块为单位。如果 DTD 内没有提交欺诈证明，则认为 L2 状态转换是正确的。如果向智能合约提交了欺诈证明，并且发现它是正确的（即，在 DTD 中提交，并且确实证明了不正确的状态转换），它至少会导致智能合约恢复到最后正确的 L2 状态。可能会采取其他措施，例如对违规方的处罚。

    +

    DTD 持续时间的选择很重要：持续时间越长，检测到错误状态转换的概率就越高——这很好。但是，时间越长，用户必须等待的时间越长，例如提取资金——这很糟糕。

    +

    当没有挑战的时候，流程较为简单, 即将状态树的根hash 交易信息存入L1中。核心在于有挑战者发起挑战时，如何证明交易前状态树的根hash经过这一组交易可以变为新的状态根hash。这里有2种思路。

    +

    1.非交互式欺诈证明，即在L1上将这组交易重新执行一遍，看看执行过后的状态树 根hash值和传入的根是否一致即可。

    +

    2.交互式欺诈证明，由挑战者和发布者在L2上进行多轮挑战，最终挑战者锁定具体哪条指令具有欺诈性，由L1进行裁决。L1只需要执行存在争议的最小指令即可。

    +

    非交互式欺诈证明和交互式欺诈证明在 L2 对应的也有几个有名的项目，非交互式欺诈证明 optimistic, metis 和 boba, 交互式欺诈证明 arbitrim

    +

    1. 非交互式欺诈证明

    +

    下面以Optimism为例说明非交互式欺诈证明

    +
    1.1. 欺诈证明过程解析
    +

    非交换式欺诈，欺诈证明实现较为简单，将L2中执行的交易在L1中再完整执行一次，以确定状态根的hash是否一致来判断欺诈行为。

    +

    +

    如上图所示，发布者发布信息到L1上，携带交易信息和新旧整体根hash, L1中的智能合约收到后会默认变更state为新的根hash，这时挑战者提出挑战，挑战者需要提供符合旧根hash的merkle状态树，L1智能合约通过旧的状态树执行完整的交易流程得到根hash和发布者提供的新根hash比较，不相等则说明有欺诈行为。

    +

    重新执行就会遇到一个问题，区块相关的属性会因为执行环境不同而发生变化。

    +

    +

    如上图所示block.timestamp会获取当前区块的时间戳，但由于合约执行的环境不同得到的时间戳大概率是不一样的。我们看看Optimism是如何设计OVM来解决这一问题的。

    +
    1.2. OVM
    +

    为了解决在L2和L1运行智能合约时所处环境不一致的问题，Optimism使用了虚拟化技术（实际上就是使用封装方法屏蔽）的方式，让智能合约直接获取一些状态变为经过OVM封装后调用。

    +

    上面的那个例子，将不能直接调用block.timestamp，改为调用ovm封装的1个方法ovm_getTimestamp(非真实 随意命名)

    +
    contract OVM_ENV {
+  uint timestamp;  //L1重新执行前调用该方法设置正确的L2 timestamp即可  
+  funtion ovm_setTimestamp(t:uint) {      
+        timestamp=t;     
+   } 
+
+  funtion ovm_getTimestamp() returns(uint) {
+       return timestamp;
+  }
+}
+
    +

    2. 交互式欺诈证明

    +

    以Arbitrum为例说明交互式欺诈

    +
    2.1. Arbitrum欺诈证明过程解析
    +

    下图是智能合约执行的过程就是推进状态变化的过程

    +

    +

    如图所示，无论上L1上的状态树还是L2上的状态树，都是由一系列的交易(智能合约的执行也是一次交易的调用)，推动状态转换的，而由于智能合约，交易又可以拆分为更小的步骤指令。所以就变成了下面的样子

    +

    +

    我们的问题转化为证明状态树从状态A 经过N个指令变成了状态B，那么这个证明过程是否是可分解的呢？我们用分治的方式不难想到二分法，将1个大问题拆两个子问题，问题就变为证明状态A 经过前N/2个指令变成状态X和状态X经过后N/2个指令变成状态B。逐步二分最终定位到存在问题的指令，交由L1执行验证即可。

    +

    让我们完整描述整个运行过程，假设Ｘ是发布者 发布从状态A经过N条指令转移到状态B Y是挑战者。

    +

    Y向Ｘ提出挑战，要求给出经过 N/2条指令处的状态，Ｘ给出状态后，Y会自行验证是否正确。如果验证正确，则代表前N/2指令执行无问题，问题在后N/2，如果验证错误，则代表前Ｎ/2条指令执行就有问题。Y继续向Ｘ询问存在问题的指令区间N/2处状态，循环往复，直至找到有问题的指令(这里不是指令有问题，是执行指令前的状态无法通过执行指令得到执行指令后的状态)。

    +

    在实际应用中Arbitrum不是使用二分的方式，而是使用了K分，即每次将N个指令分为N/K组去寻找欺诈指令，效率更高。

    +
    2.2. AVM
    +

    Arbitrum 设计 AVM和EVM不同的核心点在于：AVM不仅仅要支持EVM完全兼容的执行逻辑，还要支持交互式欺诈证明的证明逻辑。

    +

    证明过程中，要保证当前程序计数器中指令的正确性。这时采取了类似区块链的做法，PC(当前的程序计数器位置)不仅存储操作码，而且存储PC+1处的hash值，这样就可以在指令执行过程中验证验证每个指令是否正确。

    +

    三. 总结

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    交互式欺诈证明非交互式欺诈证明
    EVM兼容性无法做到完全兼容由于OVM使用虚拟化技术解决L1和L2运行环境不一致的问题，那么必然就会导致一部分在L1运行的智能合约代码到OVM运行时需要进行修改可以完全兼容
    处理成本存在欺诈行为时由于非交互式欺诈证明需要在L1完全重新执行所有交易，所以会耗费大量gas费用。存在欺诈行为时交互式欺诈证明只需要在L1执行有争议的1条指令，所以gas费用很少。
    复杂合约的支持由于合约需要在L1上重新执行，合约复杂度不能超过L1对合约复杂度的限制可以支持更复杂的合约。
    +

    由上述对比来看交互式欺诈证明除了实现难度较高外，主要特性都优于非交互式欺诈证明。具有代表性非交互式欺诈证明使用者Optimism也准备切换到交互式欺诈证明。可以预见未来交互式欺诈证明将会是欺诈证明的主流。

    +

    欺诈证明大都存在1个问题较长的提款周期，这是因为需要足够多的时间，让挑战者提出挑战。受益于密码学的较新研究成果，zk-rollup将解决这一问题。

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/last-ret.html b/docs/src/last-ret.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3df9a2e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/last-ret.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第二十一章：总结 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第二十一章：总结

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    第十九章：钱包接入中 Layer2 各条链的区别(Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimistim, Boba, Metis, zkSync

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/layer2-design.html b/docs/src/layer2-design.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c3bb15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/layer2-design.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第二十章：如何设计一条 layer2 的公链 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第二十章：如何设计一条 layer2 的公链

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/layer2-eco.html b/docs/src/layer2-eco.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bc1738 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/layer2-eco.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十九章：Layer2 生态概览 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第十九章：Layer2 生态概览

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/layer2-main.html b/docs/src/layer2-main.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e874801 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/layer2-main.html @@ -0,0 +1,791 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第三章：Layer2 主要实现方式 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
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    第三章：Layer2 主要实现方式

    + +

    第三章：Layer2 主要实现方式

    +

    前面说了那么多废话，接下来我们将进入我们的正式话题，l2 的主要实现方式，我们都知道，在二层网络中，目前主流的实现方式有四种，状态通道，plasma, rollup(rollup 又分为 optimistic rollup 和 zk rollup) , Validium, 在接下来的文章中我们将详细介绍这几种方式的原理，实现流程，区别，优势劣势和代表目。

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    第二章：常见的几种跨链方式

    +

    跨链的发展历程

    +

    2013 年之前，区块链的发展主要集中在单一区块链。2013 年以来，跨链技术蓬勃发展，跨链的几种主要模式（公证人机制（Notaryschemes）、侧链/中继（Sidechains/relays）、哈希锁定（Hash-locking）、多方安全计算（MPC））相继被提出。到目前为止，也是比较成熟的跨链解决方案。

    +

    2013 年 5 月，Tier Nolan 在 BitcoinTalk 论坛提出了“原子转移（atomic transfers）”，原子转移又称原子交换（atomic swap），指构成一笔完整跨链交易的子交易同时发生或不发生，不存在第三种中间状态。该方案经过改进后成为跨链的一种主要模式，即哈希锁定模式。

    +

    2014 年 10 月，BlockStream 首次明确提出侧链的概念，锚定式侧链（Pegged Sidechains）利用双向锚定（two-way peg）机制，能够实现加密资产按照某种汇率在侧链和主链之间转移。2016年 12 月，BlockStream 进一步提出了强联邦侧链（Sidechains with StrongFederations），通过引入由多方控制的多重签名地址减少延迟并提升互操作性。

    +

    2015 年 2 月，Poon 发布了闪电网络（Lightning Network）白皮书，基于哈希锁定实现资产 BTC 链下交易。

    +

    2015 年 10 月，Interledger Protocol 白皮书发布，基于公证人机制实现不同账本间资产的转换。

    +

    2016 年 5 月，BTC Relay 基于中继实现 BTC 到 ETH 的单向跨链连接。

    +

    2017 年，Polkadot 和 Cosmos 提出跨链基础设施中继平台方案。

    +

    后来，MPC 跨链解决方案也被提出来, 跨链生态也出现了繁荣的景象。 poly network, layerZero, layer2 rollup, AnySwap, RenBTC 等等项目

    +

    跨链的几种实现方式

    +

    区块链所面临的诸多问题中，区块链之间互操作性极大程度的限制了区块链的应用空间。不论是公有链还是联盟链，跨链技术就是实现价值互联网的关键，是区块链向外拓展和连接的桥梁。目前主流的跨链技术包括：公证人机制（Notary schemes）， 侧链/中继链（Sidechains/relays），哈希锁定（Hash-locking），多方安全计算（MPC）。

    +

    一. 公证人机制（Notaryschemes）

    +

    引入一方或多方可信实体做信用背书的跨链机制都称为公证人机制，公证人机制是技术上可实现的、最简单的跨链机制。在公证人机制中，一个或一组公证人负责监听链上的事件，并对另一条链采取对应的操作。公证人在跨链的双方链上需要有账号进行交易的协调。

    +

    公证人机制的实现方式包括如下3种：

    +
      +
    • 单签名公证人机制，即一个节点做公证人
      • +
    • 多签名公证人机制，指多个节点利用多签名机制做公证人组；
      • +
    • 分布式签名公证人机制，指多个公证人持有一份密钥的碎片，密钥碎片随机发给公证人
      • +
    +

    1. 单签名公证人机制

    +

    单签公证人也叫中心化公证人机制，通常由单一指定的独立节点或者机构充当，它同时承担了数据收集、交易确认、验证的任务。公证人在该交易过程中充当交易确认者和冲突仲裁者的角色，是用中心化机构替代了技术上的信用保障，这种模式虽然交易处理速度快，兼容性强，技术架构简单，但中心节点的安全性也成为系统稳定的关键瓶颈。

    +

    最传统的公证人机制是基于 CEX 的跨链资产交换，这种跨链的方式比较单一，只支持资产的交换。

    +

    2. 多签名公证人机制

    +

    多重签名公证人机制，由多位公证人在各自账本上共同签名达成共识后才能完成跨链交易。多重签名公证人的每一个节点都拥有自己的一个密钥，只有当达到一定的公证人签名数量或比例时，跨链交易才能被确认。

    +

    公证人是一群机构组成的联盟，跨链资金的转移是这个联盟所控制的。这种方式相较于单签名模式的安全性更高，少数几个公证人被攻击或者是作恶都不会影响系统的正常运行。但是需要两条链本身需要支持多重签名。 +

    +

    3. 分布式签名公证人机制

    +

    分布式签名公证人机制和多重签名公证人机制最大的区别在于签名方式不同，它采用了多方计算MPC（Multi-Party Computation）的思想，安全性更高，实现也更复杂。基于密码学生成系统中唯一的密钥，并拆分（公证人组中谁都不会拥有完整的密钥）成多个碎片分发给随机抽取的公证人，即使所有公证人将碎片拼凑在一起也无法得知完整的密钥，允许一定比例的公证人共同签名后即可拼凑出完整的密钥，从而完成更加去中心化的“数据收集验证”过程，类似门限签名机制。

    +

    分布式签名公证人机制全面地保障了密钥的安全性，这种方法更灵活，也更安全，当少数节点遭受攻击时或发生各种错误时，并不会影响整个系统。

    +

    +

    4. 公证人机制有缺点

    +

    单一公证人和多签公证人机制不够去中心化，并且需要保证所有公证人的诚实难度高，多币种智能合约实现难，密钥分片受限于节点的数量等

    +

    5. 公证人机制代表项目

    +

    瑞波的 InterLedger 协议；

    +

    二. 侧链/中继（Sidechains/relays）

    +

    1. 侧链的产生背景

    +

    2010 年，相关研究者在比特币论坛上提出bitDNS想法，以比特币为锚定，在比特币链上扩展出任意资产，这种想法促成了后来的域名币（namecoin）、彩色币（coloredcoin）等附生链。以域名币为例，域名币的实现是通过比特币的第一笔交易（称为coinbase交易）写入域名币链的区块头信息，从而使域名币可以借助比特币区块链存在。

    +

    域名币等技术的局限是比特币一个区块只有coinbase交易才可以写入少量信息。BT C0.9版本之后，在交易中引入OP_RETURN字段，在比特币锁定脚本中，以 OP_RETURN 字段开头的信息属于“备注信息”，输出到OP_RETURN的UTXO都是不可花费的UTXO，相当于销毁了对应数量的比特币。利用这个字段销毁比特币并在备注中写明侧链信息，这个过程又称为 proof-of-burn，侧链可以依据交易证明产生侧链代币。这些想法形成了后来的omni协议，USDT则是遵循此协议在比特币上发行的一种代币。

    +

    BlockStream在2014年发表了侧链白皮书，定义了侧链是一条能够验证其他区块链数据的链。在目前的讨论中，侧链大多数还是指 BlockStream所说的锚定式侧链（pegged sidechain）。而这里所说的锚定式侧链主要是指支持资产的双向锚定，即资产在主链与侧链之间的流通。

    +

    2. 侧链的概念

    +

    侧链用来指代与主区块链并行的那条区块链。来自主区块链的entries可以向侧链连接，也可以被侧链连接；这样一来，侧链就可以独立于主区块链进行操作。这个说法包含三个要点：

    +

    侧链是相对的。不能单纯的说某条链B是侧链，而必须说这条链B是链A的侧链。主链不需要知道侧链的存在，侧链侧链与主链是独立的。链B可以有自己的功能，它自己运行时不需要链A的支持。如果B链发生运行故障或被中心化控制，不会直接影响到A链本身的运行，但可以间接影响，比如B链被控制后，A链还依旧与之交互。

    +

    侧链与主链可以连接互通，即跨链。当要实现跨链的功能时才需要B链和A链进行互通。因为侧链的互通机制是其最主要的功能，所以常常将侧链与主链的互通叫做侧链技术。

    +

    3 侧链的作用

    +

    从主链角度讲，侧链可以虚拟化地横向和纵向提升主链的性能。

    +

    横向，将多个侧链与主链互通，将大部分交易放到侧链上，然后再通过与主链互通实现，可以虚拟地提升主链的TPS。

    +

    纵向，侧链可以有主链不具有的功能，通过侧链，主链看上去也像是支持了这些功能。

    +

    从全局角度讲，侧链作为跨链技术的一种，自然是为万链互联做出了重要贡献。

    +

    任何一条链，既有主链的功能，又有侧链的功能，这就像计算机网络中任何计算机既是主机又是路由器。

    +

    只有特定的几条链作为主链，其他所有链都只支持侧链功能，就和现在的计算机网络类似，有网络核心部分（单纯的路由器），也有网络的边缘部分（单纯的主机）。

    +

    4. 侧链的技术

    +

    侧链实现是通过双向锚定技术。将暂时的数字货币在主链中锁定，同时将等价的数字资产在侧链中释放。实现双向锚定的最大难点在于协议改造需兼容现有主链，也就是不能对现有主链的工作造成影响。其具体实现方式有：单一托管模式、联盟模式、SPV模式、驱动链模式、混合模式。

    +
    4. 1 单一托管模式
    +

    就是类似交易所做中介完成锁币放币，其实和联盟模式即公证人模式，由多个公证人的多重签名来对转移资产的交易进行签名，避免了中心化。

    +
    4.2 SPV模式
    +

    是通过将交易发给本链的一个特殊地址，由此会自动创建一个SPV证明给侧链上并发起一个交易在侧链上解锁对应的资产。

    +

    驱动链模式是用矿工来作为资金托管方，将资产的监管权发放到数字资产矿工手上，矿工进行投票决定何时解锁资产及将资产发送到何方。

    +
    4.2 混合模式
    +

    就是将这些侧链机制进行有效结合，对结构不同的链，为其使用最适合其结构的模式，如主链使用SPV，侧链使用驱动链。

    +

    SPV模式是使用得最多的。SPV就是简单支付验证（Simplified Payment Verification），其能验证交易是否存在。侧链的机制相对哈希锁定而言能够提供更多的跨链交互场景，侧链以及类SPV验证的思想适合所有跨链的场景。

    +

    SPV模式轻客户端不需要下载所有区块数据就能对某一笔交易的存在性进行验证。一个SPV证明包含两个部分：区块头列表；表示某一输出发生在列表中某一区块的密码学证明，如默克尔证明。

    +

    如果要证明某笔交易存在于某个区块内，只需要使用此交易的哈希值与其他相关交易的哈希值计算最终的默克尔树根，并与区块头的树根作比较。如果计算结果与区块头的交易树根一致，则证明交易存在于本区块中

    +

    SPV模式下的双向锚定如下图所示： +

    +

    1) 锁定主链资产，可以使用多签名账户实现。

    +

    2) 在主链上等待一个确认期，可以是一天或者两天，以确保生成足够的工作量，从而抵抗拒绝服务攻击。

    +

    3) 主链确认期结束后，用户可以在侧链上产生一笔铸币交易，并且提供主链锁币交易的 SPV 证明，生成的侧链资产处于锁定状态，需要等待一个竞争期。

    +

    4) 用户在侧链上等待一个竞争期，设置竞争期的目的是防止双重花费。如果在竞争期内，用户把主链上锁定的币转走，其他用户可以用最新的SPV证明此事，则侧链铸币交易失效，称此证明为重组证明。

    +

    5) 竞争期结束后（约1～2天），侧链代币生成，可以在侧链流通。

    +

    6) 侧链代币返回主链，流程重复上述5个步骤。

    +

    Liquid 是 BlockStream 的开源侧链项目，使用比特币双向锚定技术，Liquid 的目的是实现比特币可以在主链和侧链中互转，旨在提高隐私性、降低成本、加速价值转移及结算流程。

    +

    此外，BTCRelay 是一个典型的中继项目，所谓中继是指可以在本链上自行验证另一条链上数据而不需要依赖第三方。BTCRelay是以太坊上的一个智能合约，通过存储比特币区块头使得BTCRelay充当一个比特币轻节点。由于比特币的交易是以默克尔树的形式存储并在区块头存储了树根，所以可以利用 SPV 验证交易是否存在。BTCRelay 的正确性取决于是否上传了正确的区块头，BTCRelay通过设置奖励机制与审查机制来避免存储错误的区块头， BTCRelay只能实现单向跨链。

    +

    5 中继链

    +

    中继链就是“中间人”的角色，如果在链A和链B之间存在第三方链C，C是A和B的中继，通常称C为中继链。中继链是公证人机制和侧链机制的融合和扩展，并不需要严格区分中继和侧链，从形式看中继是一种方式，侧链是一种结果。侧链表达的是两条链之间的关系，并不是特指某种跨链技术或方案。

    +

    目前社区内最活跃的两个跨链项目Cosmos 和 Polkadot 采用的都是基于中继链的多链多层架构，其中 Cosmos 目前支持的是跨链资产交互，而Polkadot则宣称提供任意类型的跨链交互。Cosmos 和 Polkadot 的跨链机制相对复杂。

    +

    三. 哈希锁定（Hash-locking）

    +

    哈希锁定是一项可用于区块链网络之间资产交换的技术。在资产交换过程中，为了保证各个区块链的资产安全，资产转移要么全部完成，要么全部没有完成，不存在任何中间状态。闪电网络的底层技术就是哈希锁定。

    +

    哈希时间锁定合约的处理流程基于哈希算法和超时机制，假设有两个区块链A和B，试图交换位于链A的资产α和位于链B的资产β，则整个哈希时间锁定的流程如下：

    +

    A首先选取一个秘密随机数S，使用特定的哈希算法计算出S的哈希值H，之后A将H发给B,同时A和B协商两个时间点T0和T1,确保T0 >T1。

    +

    A基于H和T0创建资产锁定智能合约 LockContractA，该智能合约会锁定资产α，其可以使用S来解锁并将资产α转移给B，如果在T0前仍未解锁，则会自动撤销锁定，且不会发生任何资产转移。

    +

    B基于H和T1创建资产锁定智能合约 LockContractB，该智能合约会锁定资产β，其可以使用S来解锁并将资产β转移给A，如果在T1前仍未解锁，则会自动撤销锁定，且不会发生任何资产转移。

    +

    A 使用秘密随机数S，调用B上的智能合约 LockContractB，将资产β转移给A 。经过上 述步骤，B获得了秘密随机数S，B使用S调用A上的智能合约LockContractA，将资产α 转移给B，资产交换完成。

    +

    如果A或B任意一方超时未执行操作，则在T1时间点后，B资产会撤销锁定，T0时间点后，A资产会撤销锁定，还原初始状态。

    +

    +

    T0和T1用于避免A或B单方延误交易，所以这其中的交易包α和交易包β都需要设定时间限制，超出这个时间限制后，相关资产立即撤销锁定，原路返回。

    +

    四. 多方安全计算（MPC）

    +

    MPC 就是采用分布式节点来控制区块链系统中各种资产的私钥，将数字资产的使用权和所有权进行分离，使得对链上资产的控制权能安全地转移到非中心化系统中，同时将原链上的资产映射到跨链中，实现不同区块链系统间的资产流通和价值转移。

    +

    MPC 方案实际实行中也有各种不同的方式，MPC 多方计算钱包 + 共识模式： 所有的私钥都是分布式生成，每个节点持有私钥的部分分片，需要2/3以上的节点共同协作才可以完整的对数据签名， 发出的交易才是有效的。或者是利用一个基于区块链协议的内置资产模板，根据跨链交易信息部署新的智能合约来创建出新的加密货币资产。

    +

    当一种已注册资产由原有链转移到跨链上时，跨链节点会为用户在已有合约中发放相应等值代币，确保了原有链资产在跨链上仍然可以相互交易流通。

    +

    跨链未来展望

    +

    近几年来，区块链技术的热度居高不下，世界多个国家已经将区块链上升至国家战略层高度，争先抢占区块链创新发展制高点。在当前区块链应用场景需求日益激增和政府大力扶持的情况下，我国已将区块链作为国家新基建信息基础设施的重要组成部分。跨链技术也必将伴随着区块链技术的深入探索得到不断创新与发展。当下，跨链技术正迎来新一轮的研究热潮，在未来必将围绕跨链体系结构的多链协议互通性、跨链数据传递验证的安全可信性、跨链交易及合约执行的一致性、跨链系统接入及治理的高效性等方面展开广泛而深入的研究与探索，将一步步突破新一代互联、可信和高效的技术瓶颈，支持跨场景、跨地域的应用，实现跨区块链互通和协同，塑造更具前景和活力的商业模式，开启万链互联的时代。

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/optimistim-metis-boba.html b/docs/src/optimistim-metis-boba.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab605f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/optimistim-metis-boba.html @@ -0,0 +1,932 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十五章：Optimistic Rollup 代表项目 optimistim(Boba, Metis - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
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    第十五章：Optimistic Rollup 代表项目 optimistim(Boba, Metis

    + +

    一. Optimism 是什么

    +

    Optimism 是 EVM等效的 Optimism Rollup 链。 它被设计成快速、简单和安全。

    +

    Optimism 是以太坊应用程序的第 2 层扩展协议。它使交易变得便宜, 真的便宜。我们的目标是让任何人都能负担得起且可以使用以太坊进行交易。

    +

    Optimism 看起来、感觉和行为都像以太坊，但更便宜、更快。对于建立在我们 Optimism 基础上的开发人员，我们的目标是使过渡尽可能无缝。除了极少数例外，现有的 Solidity 智能合约可以像在 L1 上运行一样在 L2 上运行。同样，链下代码（即 UI 和钱包）应该能够与 L2 合约交互，只需更新 RPC 端点。

    +

    ### 二. Optimism 系统总揽

    +

    Optimism 协议中的智能合约可以分为几个关键组件。我们将在下面更详细地讨论每个组件。

    +
      +
    • Chain: 第 1 层上的合约，它保存第 2 层交易的顺序，以及对相关第 2 层状态根的承诺。
      • +
    • Verification: 第 1 层上的合约，执行挑战交易结果的流程。
      • +
    • Bridge: 促进第 1 层和第 2 层之间消息传递的合约。
      • +
    • Predeploys:一组基本合约，在系统的创世状态下部署并可用。这些合约类似于以太坊的预编译，但是它们是用 Solidity 编写的，并且可以在前缀为 0x42 的地址中找到。
      • +
    +

    +

    三. Optimism 如何运行

    +

    Optimism 使用了 optimistic rollup。 当您提交交易时，交易数据将写入以太坊主网， 但交易本身由一个计算机执行，即排序器 (而不是以太坊那种数以千计的计算机)。 这明显地降低了交易成本，挑战机制则确保排序器是诚实的。

    +

    Optimism 是一种“Optimistic Rollup”，它基本上只是描述区块链的一种奇特方式，它捎带了另一个“父”区块链的安全性。具体来说，Optimistic Rollups 利用其父链的共识机制（如 PoW 或 PoS），而不是提供自己的。在 Optimism 的案例中，这个父区块链是以太坊。

    +

    +

    1. 块存储

    +

    所有 Optimism 区块都存储在以太坊上的一个特殊智能合约中，称为CanonicalTransactionChain（或简称 CTC）。乐观块保存在 CTC 内的仅附加列表中（我们将在下一节中准确解释如何将块添加到此列表中）。这个仅附加列表形成了 Optimism 区块链。

    +

    包含的CanonicalTransactionChain代码保证现有的区块列表不能被新的以太坊交易修改。然而，如果以太坊区块链本身被重组并且过去以太坊交易的顺序被改变，那么这个保证就可能被打破。Optimism 主网被配置为能够抵抗多达 50 个以太坊区块的区块重组。如果以太坊经历了比这更大的重组，Optimism 也会重组。

    +

    当然，不经历这种重大的区块重组是以太坊的一个关键安全目标。因此，只要以太坊共识机制也是如此，乐观情绪就可以抵御大型区块重组。正是通过这种关系（至少部分地），Optimism 从以太坊中获得了它的安全属性。

    +

    2.块生产

    +

    Optimism 区块生产主要由单一方管理，称为“序列器”，它通过提供以下服务来帮助网络：

    +
      +
    • 提供即时交易确认和状态更新。
      • +
    • 构建和执行 L2 块。
      • +
    • 向 L1 提交用户交易。
      • +
    +

    排序器没有内存池，交易会按照收到的顺序立即被接受或拒绝。当用户将他们的交易发送到定序器时，定序器会检查交易是否有效（即支付足够的费用），然后将交易作为待处理块应用到其本地状态。这些待处理的区块会定期大批量提交给以太坊进行最终确定。这种批处理过程通过将固定成本分散到给定批次内的所有交易中来显着降低整体交易费用。定序器还应用了一些基本的压缩技术，以尽量减少发布到以太坊的数据量。

    +

    因为定序器被赋予了对 L2 链的优先写访问权限，所以定序器可以提供强有力的保证，一旦它决定一个新的待处理块，它将最终确定什么状态。换句话说，确切地知道交易的影响是什么。结果，L2状态可以非常迅速地可靠地更新。这样做的好处包括快速、即时的用户体验，例如近乎实时的 Uniswap 价格更新。

    +

    或者，用户可以完全跳过排序器并通过以太坊交易直接提交他们CanonicalTransactionChain的交易。这通常更昂贵，因为提交此交易的固定成本完全由用户支付，并且不会分摊到许多不同的交易中。但是，这种替代提交方法的优点是可以抵抗测序仪的审查。即使定序器正在积极审查用户，用户也始终可以继续使用 Optimism 并通过此机制收回任何资金。

    +

    3.块执行

    +

    以太坊节点从以太坊的 p2p 网络下载块。Optimism 节点直接从CanonicalTransactionChain合约中仅附加的区块列表中下载区块。有关如何在本合约中存储块的更多信息，请参阅上面关于块存储的部分。

    +

    Optimism 节点由两个主要组件组成，即以太坊数据索引器和 Optimism 客户端软件。以太坊数据索引器，也称为“数据传输层” CanonicalTransactionChain（或 DTL），从发布到合约的区块中重构 Optimism 区块链。DTL 搜索由CanonicalTransactionChain表明新的 Optimism 块已发布的信号发出的事件。然后它检查发出这些事件的交易，以标准以太坊块格式重建已发布的块.

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    Optimism节点的第二部分，Optimism 客户端软件，是一个几乎完全是原版的Geth. 这意味着 Optimism 在本质上与以太坊几乎相同。特别是Optimism 共享同一个以太坊虚拟机，相同的账户和状态结构，以及相同的燃气计量机制和收费表. 我们将此架构称为“EVM 等效” 这意味着大多数以太坊工具（即使是最复杂的工具）“只适用于”Optimism。

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    Optimism 客户端软件持续监控新索引块的 DTL。当一个新块被索引时，客户端软件将下载它并执行其中包含的交易。在 Optimism 上执行交易的过程与在以太坊上相同：我们加载 Optimism 状态，针对该状态应用交易，然后记录结果状态变化。然后对 DTL 索引的每个新块重复此过程。

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    4. OP 和 ETH 之间的资产转移

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    Optimism 旨在让用户可以在 Optimism 和以太坊上的智能合约之间发送任意消息。这使得在两个网络之间转移资产（包括 ERC20 代币）成为可能。发生这种通信的确切机制因消息发送的方向而异。

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    Optimism 在标准桥中使用此功能允许用户将资产（ERC20 和 ETH）从以太坊存入 Optimism，并允许将相同的资产从 Optimism 提取回以太坊

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    4.1. L1->L2
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    要从以太坊向 Optimism 发送消息，用户只需触发以太坊上的CanonicalTransactionChain合约，在 Optimism 区块上创建一个新区块。用户创建的区块可以包括看似源自生成区块的地址的交易。

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    4.2. L2->L1
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    Optimism 上的合约不可能像以太坊合约可以在 Optimism 上产生交易一样轻松地在以太坊上生成交易。因此，将数据从 Optimism 发送回以太坊的过程更加复杂。我们必须能够对以太坊上的合约的乐观状态做出可证明的陈述，而不是自动生成经过身份验证的交易。

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    对乐观状态做出可证明的陈述需要密码学承诺以乐观状态树的根的形式. Optimism 的状态在每个区块之后都会更新，因此这个承诺也会在每个区块之后发生变化。承诺会定期发布（大约每小时一次或两次）到以太坊上的智能合约，称为StateCommitmentChain.

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    用户可以使用这些承诺来生成Merkle 树证明关于乐观状态。这些证明可以通过以太坊上的智能合约进行验证。Optimism 维护一个便捷的跨链通信合约，L1CrossDomainMessenger，它可以代表其他合约验证这些证明。

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    这些证明可用于对 Optimism 上特定区块高度的任何合约存储中的数据做出可验证的陈述。然后可以使用此基本功能使 Optimism 上的合约能够向以太坊上的合约发送消息。这L2ToL1MessagePasser Optimism 上的合约可以使用合约（预部署到 Optimism 网络）将消息存储在 Optimism 状态。然后，用户可以向以太坊上的合约证明 Optimism 上的给定合约实际上意味着通过显示该消息的哈希值已存储在L2ToL1MessagePasser合约中来发送某些给定消息。

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    5.欺诈证明

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    在 Optimistic Rollup 中，状态承诺会在没有任何直接证明这些承诺有效性的情况下发布到以太坊。相反，这些承诺在一段时间内被视为未决（称为“挑战窗口”）。如果提议的状态承诺在挑战窗口期间（当前设置为 7 天）未受到挑战，则将其视为最终承诺。一旦一个承诺被认为是最终的，以太坊上的智能合约可以安全地接受基于该承诺的乐观状态的证明。

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    当状态承诺受到质疑时，可以通过“过错证明”（以前称为“欺诈证明”）使其无效） 过程。如果该承诺被成功挑战，则将其从中删除，StateCommitmentChain最终被另一个提议的承诺取代。重要的是要注意，成功的挑战不会回滚 Optimism 本身，只会回滚有关链状态的已发布承诺。交易的顺序和乐观状态不会因故障证明挑战而改变。

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    有关欺诈证明，请查看以前的文章。

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    四. 为什么要使用 Optimism

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    Optimistic 网络允许您发送类似于以太坊的交易，但具有两个重要优势：

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    • 近乎即时的交易结果反馈。 您几乎可以立即知道您的交易是否完成。
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    • 明显降低的手续费。 基本上为以太坊主网(也称为 layer 1 或 L1) 成本的1%至10%之间。
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    • 去中心化： 所有交易都被发布到L1 以太坊, 继承了以太坊的强大安全保证。
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    五. boba, metis 和 optimistim 的区别

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    boba 和 metis 都是复制 optimistim 代码改的，boba 缩短了欺诈证明的挑战的窗口期， 在 Metis 中，L2 交易的排序和批处理不是由单个排序器完成，而是由一个排序器池完成。将随机选择一组排序器来 Rollup 状态根并将交易提交到 L1 公链。在 L1，Metis 部署了一组合约来协调 L2 到 L1 的批处理提交。Metis 也缩短了欺诈证明的挑战的窗口期， Metis 基于 OVM 改造了自己的 MVM。

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    MVM 引入了供应商的角色，他们可以注册并贡献计算能力，使 L2 构建真正去中心化（这些供应商可以看作是 Optimism 平台的排序器）。提供商将根据产生的区块获得激励。最后，MVM 和 Metis 客户端中包含的一个真正强大的功能是其他 L2 平台所不具备的，它不仅支持合约执行，还支持与智能合约计算相关的去中心化存储。因此，Metis 通过 MVM 中的 IPFS 解析器与 IPFS 网络集成，该解析器允许合约指向存储在 IPFS 中的不可变数据。例如，这可用于指向存储在 IPFS 网络中的机密数据。

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    Boba 目前生态还没起来，在发展中，而 Op 和 metis 目前的生态相对好一些。

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/oz-rollup.html b/docs/src/oz-rollup.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9156e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/oz-rollup.html @@ -0,0 +1,1136 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第七章：Optimistic Rollup 和 Zk rollup 的区别联系 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第七章：Optimistic Rollup 和 Zk rollup 的区别联系

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    一. 什么是 Zk Rollup

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    在 ZK-Rollup 中，操作员必须为每个状态转换生成一个简洁的零知识证明 (SNARK)，并由主链上的 Rollup 合约进行验证。这个 SNARK 证明存在一系列交易，由所有者正确签名，以正确的方式更新账户余额，并从旧的 Merkle 根引导到新的。因此，操作员不可能提交无效或被操纵的状态。

    +

    零知识汇总（zk-Rollups ）通过侧链的集成利用汇总的核心功能。一般来说，侧链允许一方向另一方证明交易是有效的，而不会泄露超出交易本身有效性的任何信息。在区块链交易的背景下，侧链可以减少一旦发布到主链后验证交易块所需的计算和存储资源。交易验证仍然是可能的，因为需要对整个数据的零知识。换句话说，侧链已经验证了每笔交易，因此交易在主链上自动生效。更具体地说，zk-Rollup 协议促进了交易者和中继者的交互：

    +

    交易者创建并将其交易数据广播到网络。此信息包括索引的“to”和“from”地址、交易价值、网络费用和仅使用一次的数字（nonce）。索引地址减少处理资源，交易价值产生存款和取款金额。然后，智能合约将地址记录到一个Merkle 树，并将交易值记录到另一个。

    +

    中继器负责收集创建汇总的事务。中继器生成一个零知识简洁非交互式知识论证 (zk-SNARK)证明，用于比较每笔交易之前和之后的区块链状态（即钱包余额）。由此产生的变化以可验证的散列到达主链。尽管几乎任何人都可以充当中继者，但他们必须首先将其加密货币放入智能合约中，以激励他们善意行事。

    +

    二. 什么是 Optimistic Rollup

    +

    在Optimistic Rollup中，新的状态根由操作员发布，而无需每次都被 Rollup 智能合约检查。相反，每个人都希望状态转换是正确的。但是，如果发布了不正确的状态转换，其他运营商或用户（必须观察 L1 Rollup 合约中发生的事情，执行每笔交易）将能够指向无效交易并恢复不正确的区块，从而削减恶意运营商. +OR 的想法最初是由 John Adler 提出的。可以点击链接查看详情

    +

    Rollups是以太坊主网上的常规智能合约，用作主链和第 2 层之间的中继，计算发生在第 2 层。Rollups 已成为区块链网络流行的第 2 层扩展解决方案。这些协议将交易数据存储在主链上，但将交易活动转移到侧链。但是，由于主链和侧链是互通的，它们并行运行并继续通信。因此，随着计算密集型进程离开主链，区块链网络变得更具可扩展性，从而减少了拥塞。

    +

    例如，以太坊主链目前能够处理每秒 15 笔交易（TPS）。通过实施汇总，这个数字可以达到 1,000 TPS，因为只有关键的智能合约数据会传回主链，而大部分数据仍保留在侧链上。术语“汇总”是指在将经过验证的交易发布到主链之前将交易滚动到单个区块中的过程。

    +

    在整个区块链生态系统中，一些项目正在将汇总基础设施与侧链集成，以创建安全、保护隐私的协议。在这样做的过程中，他们旨在平衡区块链三难困境中列出的相互竞争的优先事项：安全性、可扩展性和去中心化。

    +

    三. Zk Rollup 和 Optimistic Rollup 的比较

    +

    1. 通用计算比较

    +
    1.1 Optimistic Rollup
    +

    尽管 Optimistic Rollup 可用于专门的应用程序，但Plasma Group最重要的创新是 OVM：Optimistic Virtual Machine。OVM 可以实现任意智能合约逻辑。几乎所有在以太坊中可能发生的事情在 OVM 中也是可能的，包括智能合约的可组合性。它可以基于 EVM、EWASM 或任何其他虚拟机。

    +

    OVM 的好处在于，如果与 EVM 一起使用，它将支持在 Solidity 中编写代码。正因为如此，现有代码库的大部分都可以轻松移植到 OR 上。

    +

    如果 OVM 可以直接重用现有的 EVM 字节码，那将是理想的，但它可能没那么简单。正确的实施将需要更改交易数据 (CALLDATA) 格式和复杂的 Truebit/Plasma Leap 风格实施的挑战/响应协议以用于欺诈证明。这可能会导致 EVM 出现分歧以正确处理边缘情况，这意味着仍然需要一些工作来调整现有的 OVM 合约。

    +

    实施的另一个挑战在于，大块的欺诈证明可能需要比 L1 块气体限制所允许的更多的气体。然后必须将这些欺诈证明分解为多个 ETH 交易。

    +
    1.2. Zk Rollup
    +

    迄今为止，ZK-Rollup 的所有现有实现（包括您真正的实现）都只专注于专门的操作，例如代币转移或原子交换。这有几个主要原因。

    +

    首先，对于不同的零知识证明 (ZKP)，没有有效的递归证明组合技术，这需要在单个区块中聚合不同智能合约的执行。我们拥有的最好的是椭圆曲线循环上的Groth16（由 Coda 使用），这需要在长场上进行计算，并且对于大型计算完全没有效率。

    +

    其次，即使我们有更短的字段，Groth16 也需要为每个智能合约和每个新版本进行单独的可信设置仪式！显然，这绝对是不现实的。

    +

    在没有可信设置的情况下，我们唯一有效的 ZKP 技术是基于 FRI 的 STARKs。然而，验证者只对有限的一类问题（可表示为简洁的算术电路）简洁。一个 STARK 验证者必须至少执行一次被证明的计算语句的每个约束，这意味着我们不能迭代异构智能合约的集合。

    +

    随着SNORKs的出现，所有这一切都开始发生变化，SNORKs 是基于一组略有不同的密码原语的新一代 ZKP——最值得注意的是多项式承诺方案。Sonic由 Sean Bowe 首创，2019 年夏季PLONK和Marlin紧随其后。它们都有一个共同点：虽然仍然需要受信任的设置，但它现在将是通用的和可更新的。一次完成，它就可以在任何时候重复用于任意数量的不同程序。

    +

    然而，在这些证明系统中使用的 Kate 多项式承诺方案仍然需要有效的椭圆曲线循环来进行递归，而这目前尚不可用。这就是为什么我们对最新的、完全简洁和透明（无可信设置）的证明系统感到非常兴奋，例如 Halo、SuperSonic、Fractal ，以及Matter Labs 团队目前正在研究的令人兴奋的东西。

    +

    长话短说：现在已经消除了在 ZKP 上构建通用智能合约的障碍。ZK Rollup 完全能够支持与 EVM 相同的编程模型（包括无缝组合性和互操作性）。第一份合同可能需要专门的 DSL，尽管 Solidity 开发人员的学习曲线不会超过 1 天。最终，鉴于 ZKP 证明者技术目前的进步速度，我们预计所有现有的 ETH（甚至 EWASM）合约都能以最小的努力有效地移植。

    +

    2. 可扩展性和交易成本

    +
    2.1. Optimistic Rollup
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    • 根据 John Adler的说法，在 EIP2028/Istanbul 之后，目前的估计是每次传输 tx 大约 4k gas。
      • +
    • 相当于约 100 TPS
      • +
    • 使用 BLS 签名聚合，这个数字可以达到 ~500 TPS（为了不破坏 EVM 兼容性，tx 参数可能会保持很长）。
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    • 如果 EVM 兼容性被破坏，理论上吞吐量可以增长到 ZKR 的极限。
      • +
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    实际吞吐量上限（令牌传输）：500 TPS。 +目前这可能没问题。

    +
    2.2. ZK Rollup
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      +
    • Matter Testnet 中每次传输 tx 的公共数据成本目前为 16 字节，在 EIP2028/Istanbul 之后将花费 272 gas。
      • +
    • 此外，还会有证明的摊销成本，估计约为 300k gas。
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    • 即使我们假设最坏的情况是 1M 的气体证明成本，估计的传输上限仍将超过 2140 TPS。
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    • 在一些讨论中，我听到人们争辩说 ZKP 会产生大量的计算开销，因此很昂贵。实际上，与气体成本相比，计算成本可以忽略不计，这是真正的瓶颈，因为去中心化是抗审查的。我们还预计这一因素会随着时间的推移而显着下降。
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    2.3. 实际吞吐量上限（代币转移）：超过 2000 TPS — 类似 Visa 的规模。
    +

    然而，对于许多用例，ZK Rollup 将提供更多显着的节省，因为可以从公共数据中省略大块（通过将它们移动到 ZK 电路见证），而重建状态转换增量不需要这些。核心观点是：虽然 OR 总是要求用户发布完整的交易输入，但在 ZK 中我们可以灵活地选择 1) 交易输入减去见证不影响状态转换，以及 2) 仅交易输出。这种选择可以非常优雅地实现并且没有很多复杂性。

    +

    值得注意的例子：

    +
      +
    • 在多重签名钱包、具有 Argent 风格账户抽象的钱包或去中心化交易所中，用户需要提交签名以供合约验证。这些信号对于状态增量更新不是必需的，可以从公共数据中省略。
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    • 像 Gnosis 的 Dfusion 荷兰 DEX 这样的合约需要大量的数据集输入，这些数据集不会直接影响存储，而仅用于验证计算结果。
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    3. 发布 ETH 2.0

    +

    由于任何 Rollup 都将驻留在单个分片中，因此 CALLDATA 的成本（以及 Rollup 交易成本）不太可能发生太大变化，除非带宽通常变得更便宜。

    +

    4. 元交易

    +

    两个汇总同样适用于支持元交易和帐户抽象。

    +

    5. 安全

    +
    5.1. Optimistic Rollup
    +

    与支付渠道不同，Rollup 中的所有资金都由一个智能合约持有。由于 Rollup 是 IMHO 最有希望的扩展方向，我们应该会看到大量用户进入它，并且很多价值都集中在这个合约中。由于价值数千万或数亿（甚至数十亿）美元的资产处于危险之中，Rollup 合约对于知名黑客来说是一个极具吸引力的蜜罐。在这种情况下，如果攻击有很好的机会，无论多么复杂，都可能会尝试。 +OR 的安全模型基于两个假设： +至少有 N 个诚实参与者执行所有 OR 交易，并在发布无效状态转换的情况下提交欺诈证明； +底层 L1 网络具有很强的抗审查性。

    +
    5.1.1 1-of-N 诚实的参与者
    +

    至于第一部分，期望只有 Rollup 的操作员才能真正监控和执行事务是现实的。普通用户既没有这样做的动机，也没有处理高负载交易的技术能力（如果可以，扩展从何而来？）。幸运的是，运营商自然会被激励去检查彼此的区块是否正确，因为在无效区块之上创建一个区块是一种惩罚条件。 +N 中 1 的诚实运营商是一个合理的假设，有足够的可信参与者。然而，由于活跃参与者的数量有限（数百人？），一些复杂的攻击可能包括：针对所有运营商的基础设施（非常困难但并非不可行）、贿赂/勒索 Devops 工程师以秘密安装恶意代码、针对更新分发用于汇总软件等的渠道，当然还有它们的组合。这些攻击很难，应该受到积极的保护，但它们比试图以同样的方式攻击以太坊矿工要现实得多——尤其是因为对 OR 的成功攻击在完成之前不会被注意到。

    +
    5.1.2 L1 具有很强的抗审查性
    +

    第二个假设是一个棘手的假设。事实上，以太坊的设计提供了非常有效地防止普通审查的经济机制。然而，这些机制在存在反机制的情况下停止运作。攻击者可以创建一个全自动的贿赂机制来协调矿工的 51% 攻击，这将阻止诚实的矿工在他们的区块中包含欺诈证明。有趣的是，对于参与的矿工来说，这次攻击的直接成本为零，如果可以清楚地归因于审查制度，这还不包括愤怒社区的反应可能产生的社会成本。这部分也很棘手，因为该机制优雅地为攻击的参与者提供了似是而非的否认：“鉴于攻击大多数人的可信承诺，如果我不参与，我的区块将被放弃，所以我必须这样做不是为了利润，而不是为了避免损失”。 +我邀请读者关注这次攻击的讨论以及 Vitalik Buterin 最近对 51% 审查攻击的分析。下面我将分享一些有趣的见解。 +不幸的是，这种类型的攻击在 PoW 下是非常现实的。没有有效的方法来惩罚参与其中的匿名矿工。 +在过渡到 PoS 之后，如果就此达成广泛的社会共识，社区将能够通过削减他们的股份来惩罚审查矿工。毕竟，像这样的审查攻击可以被认为是对整个网络的攻击（尽管人们也可以争辩说矿工只是诚实地遵循协议，并且没有义务以任何违背他们最佳经济利益的方式行事）。然而，在 DAO 分叉之后，这将是一个非常有争议的讨论，至少可以说，其结果不可预测。在 Vitalik 最近的一项社区民意调查中，63% 的人强烈反对无论攻击的程度如何，对不可变区块链进行任何手动干预以救助用户。不用说，即使是消灭一个验证者的股份也很难通过，更不用说消灭大多数人的股份了。 +2019 年 11 月 26 日更新：最近发表了更多关于共谋的研究，以及对 PoS 环境中欺诈证明的新攻击，这表明 PoS 中 OR 的审查攻击风险至少与 PoW 中一样高。 +抵御这种攻击的更现实的方法是在 UASF（用户激活的软分叉）中快速动员社区，强制矿工包含某些交易。从工程和社会的角度来看，这种情况都很复杂，并且肯定需要一个相对较长的欺诈证明挑战期窗口——至少 1 周，最好 2 周。同时，鉴于主要的 DeFi 运营商实际上能够决定这种分叉的结果，并且避免大声破坏事件符合他们的最大利益，他们最好的选择可能是默默地服从攻击者（这将使以太坊保持在最长的链上并且产生的争议小于一个成功的软分叉）。 +总结：欺诈证明审查的风险相对较低，但不可忽略。在 1 到 2 周的欺诈证明挑战期并且没有太多的资金风险的情况下，OR 可能很好：运营商/矿工勾结不值得麻烦和风险。然而，随着汇总值的增长，潜伏的黑天鹅会变得越来越令人担忧，至少对于像你这样偏执的人来说是这样。

    +
    5.2. ZK Rollup
    +

    在 ZK Rollup 中，每个状态转换在生效之前都由 Rollup 智能合约进行验证。运营商绝对不可能窃取资金或破坏 Rollup 状态。ZKR 依赖 L1 的抗审查性只是为了它的活跃性，而不是为了它的安全性。ZKR 无需任何人监控：一个区块被验证后，即使运营商拒绝合作，也始终保证用户资金最终可收回。 +因此，ZKR 更充分地体现了加密的基本理念：通过用密码学和博弈论激励一致性取代受信任方来实现弹性。 +然而，为了完整起见，我必须提到 ZKR 特有的其他几个潜在风险。

    +
    5.2.1.可信设置
    +

    如果 ZK Rollup 中使用的 ZKP 需要一个通用的可信设置，我们最终会得到 N 中 1 个诚实参与者的假设。这可能是也可能不是可接受的风险，具体取决于参与者的数量和质量。但是安全就是安全，这就是为什么我对最近在高效的去信任 SNARK 方面取得的进展感到非常兴奋，尤其是我们在 Matter Labs 正在研究的结构。

    +
    5.2.2. 密码学
    +

    最新一代的 SNARK 使用多个比 Groth16 更可靠和经过实战考验的加密原语。前面提到的 Matter Labs 的工作基于 FRI，因此甚至可以说是后量子安全的。但是，要完全平静，应采用两种缓解策略： +必须以比实际生产版本低得多的安全参数来部署大量赏金，类似于 RSA 挑战。如果发现了实际攻击，研究人员将在破解生产代码变得可行之前数年打破挑战。 +所有状态转换必须只能由 ZKR 的操作员发送，这些操作员本质上将充当 2-Factor 保护层。

    +

    6. 延迟（可验证最终性的时间）

    +
    6.1. Optimistic Rollup
    +

    由于上面安全部分提到的问题，Optimistic Rollup 只能在 1-2 周的防欺诈挑战窗口中安全。在这段时间过去之前，任何交易都不能被视为最终交易——既不是内部 Rollup tx，也不是退出。 +不幸的是，对于最终用户来说，没有比在整个最后一个质询期内执行所有交易更快的方法来检查交易是否是最终的。重要的是要注意，用户不能依赖纯粹的博弈论保证块最终确定，因为单个运营商节点中的错误（或黑客攻击）仍然可能导致恢复。 +完成时间（在 PoW 下）：2 周。 +完成时间（在 PoS 下）：1 周。

    +
    6.2. ZK Rollup
    +

    目前 ZKP 的计算量非常大。目前，对于一个 1000 tx 的区块，我们可以在普通服务器硬件上进行 20 分钟的证明生成时间。 +正在进行的 GPU 证明器实现（由Matter Labs和Coda提供）承诺将 tx 速度至少提高约 10 倍。在不远的将来，专用硬件可能会拥有更高的计算能力。最终，我们预计会在 1 分钟内看到区块确认。 +完成时间（现在）：20 分钟。 +完成时间（未来）：不到 1 分钟。

    +

    7. Rollup 内交易的快速确认

    +

    在这两种 Rollup 中，运营商都可以通过设置一定的保证金向用户发出即时交易确认，如果交易不包含在承诺的区块中，这些保证金将被削减。这为最终性提供了经济保证。 +这种方法有几个限制。它适用于可替代代币的转移，但对于NFT（可能没有市场价值，或者当此类资产的所有者在任何情况下都不想立即“出售”它时）和通用合约调用（因为它是如果链中的某些先前交易被还原，则不容易准确量化货币价值；一个简单的例子：运营商的钱应该有多少风险才能让您接受稳定币预言机价格广播作为最终价格？）

    +

    8. 快速取款

    +

    快速退出类似于快速内卷确认。运营商可以与流动性提供者合作，立即向用户发起可替代代币的提现，而无需等待退出交易在 Rollup 中成为最终交易。

    +

    这需要大量的抵押品，这将与最终确定的时间成正比。假设 OR 为 1 周和 ZKR 为 5 分钟的现实近期最终确定时间，OR 将需要 2000 倍以上的抵押品来支持与 ZKR 相同的每周提款量。

    +

    9. 隐私

    +
    9.1. Optimistic Rollup
    +

    Optimistic Rollup 可以支持 L2 以太坊（混合器等）上可用的任何隐私解决方案。由于 OR 本身是 L2，因此在其上实施的任何隐私解决方案都将作为 L3 存在。这可能会导致隐私服务更加碎片化，从而导致匿名集变小，这使得隐私的效用非常低（即使使用 zcash 也可以观察到，默认情况下交易不被屏蔽）。

    +
    9.2. ZK Rollup
    +

    为了实现真正的隐私，系统必须默认支持它。从技术角度来看，ZKR 可以在某些时候轻松地默认支持协议级别的代币传输的机密交易，以及区分公共和私人智能合约（ZK ZK Rollup 风格）。 +同时，构建完全匿名的交易 zcash 风格（即不仅隐藏金额，还隐藏交易的参与者）需要将 ZK Rollup 的存储模型从基于帐户更改为基于 UTXO，这将创建太多问题并且不太可能发生。

    +

    三. 本文小结

    +

    Optimistic Rollup 目前处于 PoC 阶段。我们希望很快就会看到生产级的实施。如果事实证明移植现有代码相对容易，项目将逐渐开始采用它并构建新的基础设施：L2 支持将出现在钱包中，预言机将开始向 OR 广播等。

    +

    ZK Rollup 在专业应用（例如ERC-20 代币转移）方面已经更加成熟，但将通过完全通用的智能合约走更渐进的道路。最终，将有可能将任何基于 EVM 和 WASM 的智能合约移植到 ZK Rollup 中——按照目前的技术发展速度，这不太可能需要数年时间。

    +

    对于这两种 Rollup 类型，必须对钱包、预言机和其他智能合约组件进行类似的基础架构更改。这需要大量的工作，随着越来越多的项目对 L2 扩展技术感兴趣，这些工作将会加速。由于 Optimistic Rollup 比 ZK-Rollup 更早地承诺了基于通用 EVM 的智能合约，它将极大地推动社区采用 L2 的动力, 但是目前 Zk sync 也推出了 EVM。到底后面胜负如何，我们可以拭目以待。

    +

    对于用户和 dapps，从一个 Rollup 跳转到另一个 Rollup 将比最初从 ETH 迁移到 L2 更容易。桥梁将使这个过程更加顺畅。由于这种易于切换，我个人的看法是，该解决方案在 UX 方面具有显着优势，从长远来看可能会成为唯一的赢家。

    +

    无论结果如何，这将是一个非常重要且令人兴奋的演变。无论如何，最终的赢家将是以太坊社区。

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/ozv.html b/docs/src/ozv.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..603c417 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/ozv.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十一章：Optimistic Rollup， Zk rollup 和 Validium总结 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第十一章：Optimistic Rollup， Zk rollup 和 Validium总结

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/plasma.html b/docs/src/plasma.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30cdab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/plasma.html @@ -0,0 +1,1302 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第五章：Layer2 实现方式之 Plasma - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
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    第五章：Layer2 实现方式之 Plasma

    + +

    Plasma 作为以太坊的二层扩容框架，自从 2017 年被 Joseph Poon（Lightning Network 创始人）和 Vitalik Buterin （Ethereum 创始人）提出以来，一直是区块链从业人员关注的焦点, 首先要明确的是，plasma是一个框架，用于激励和强制执行智能合约，可扩展到每秒大量的状态更新(可能是数十亿)，使区块链能够代表世界范围内大量分散的金融应用程序。这些智能契约被激励通过网络事务费用自主地继续运行，这最终依赖于底层区块链(例如Ethereum)来强制事务状态转换。

    +

    一 为什么我们需要 Plasma

    +

    在我们试图解释什么是 Plasma 之前，我们应该首先了解为什么存在 Plasma。这将是一个相对较高级别的概述，并会尽量避免涉及很多细节，但它应该为本网站的其余部分奠定基础。基本上，它归结为一个事实，即当前的区块链系统按照现代标准相当缓慢。为了处理任何广泛容量的简单支付，区块链需要每秒处理数千笔交易。以太坊目前最多只能支持每秒 20-30 笔交易，具体取决于网络状况

    +

    这种已经存在和需要存在的差异通常被称为“区块链可扩展性”问题，这不是一个容易解决的问题！我们想扩展区块链系统，但我们也想确保我们以一种保持安全性和去中心化的方式进行扩展。毕竟，这就是我们首先开始构建区块链的原因。

    +

    项目正在以许多不同的方式解决可扩展性问题。其中一些项目正试图通过升级区块链本身来使区块链更具可扩展性。我们经常将其称为“第 1 层”缩放，因为我们正在修改基础层。其他项目正试图在现有系统之上构建东西。我们通常将此称为“第 2 层”扩展，因为我们正在添加一个新层而不是更改底层系统。

    +

    Plasma 适合第二类“第 2 层”扩展项目。了解第 2 层项目的工作原理以及它们试图完成的工作非常重要。许多第 2 层设计来自于这样的观察：每个人都没有必要了解网络上发生的每笔交易。

    +

    我们可以通过将资产锁定在主链（或“根链”）上并在侧链上再次“创建”它们来从一条链中获取资产并将它们转移到另一条链（称为“侧链”） . 当你想回去的时候，你只需要“销毁”侧链上的资产并在根链上解锁它们。

    +

    这听起来很简单，但有一个大问题——必须有人同意在侧链上“创建”这些资产。那么谁来“创造”资产呢？嗯，基本上是共识机制。这里的想法是，如果侧链共识机制运行正常，那么你的资产就是安全的。不幸的是，侧链通常远不如根链安全。如果有人设法“凭空”创造了与锁定在根链上的资产不对应的货币，他们可以“摧毁”这些资产（他们以欺诈手段创造的）并窃取大量资金。

    +

    显然这并不理想。只要侧链是安全的，你的资产就是安全的。但是，如果侧链发生故障，那么您的资产可能会被盗！这是我们介绍等离子的地方。Plasma 最初是为了获得侧链的一些好处而开发的，同时确保存储在侧链上的资产始终是安全的（只要根链是安全的）。我们并没有获得侧链的所有效用，但我们保留了一些最重要的东西（比如能够廉价地进行交易），同时也保持了安全性。Plasma 的基本原理是，如果侧链发生安全故障，所有用户资产始终可以“回退”到根链。

    +

    二. Plasma 简介

    +

    总的来说，Plasma 就是以太坊生态所谓 “Layer 2” 解决方案之一。是一种二层网络扩容方式，它的基本原则是，如果侧链发生安全故障，所有用户资产都可以“回退”到根链；Plasma 就是一种在不牺牲安全性的同时又能大幅提高交易处理效率的去中心化应用构建方式。

    +

    三. Plasma 的实现细节

    +

    1. 存款

    +

    Plasma 的主要思想就是将大部分计算过程都转移到链下进行，用户只有在进入和退出 Plasma Chain 的时候需要跟主链上的智能合约交互，这也是所有 Plasma 应用的标准流程。

    +

    用户在将主链的资产（如以太币或者其它 ERC20 合约发布的 token）转移到 Plasma Chain 的过程称为存款（Deposit），具体做法是直接向主链上的 Plasma 合约发送以太币或 token。Plasma 合约收到 Deposit 交易后会在子链上创建跟 Deposit 数额一致的交易，并将其打包进区块中，作为存款确认的证明。这个过程如下图所示 +

    +

    当用户看到子链上自己之前存款的交易被确认后，就可以在子链上使用这笔资产（给子链上的其他用户发送交易或者退出子链等）。

    +

    2.链下执行

    +

    Plasma 应用程序在“根链”（例如以太坊）之外完成大部分工作。根链往往速度缓慢且成本高昂，因为它们需要非常安全。如果一个应用程序可以在根区块链之外做任何工作，它应该。

    +

    例如，在Plasma MVP中，几乎每笔交易都发生在以太坊之外。智能合约只处理存款和取款，即进入和退出点。这是等离子应用的标准工作流程。任何不需要资产/数据进出智能合约的东西都可以在链下处理。

    +

    3. 状态确认

    +

    当大部分都转移到链下进行时，需要某种机制确保链下状态的更新得到确认，这样才能保证当有恶意行为发生时，主链可以保证用户不会受到损失。这就是为什么需要状态确认（State Commitment），即子链周期性地将状态更新情况提交到主链进行共识。

    +

    然而，将子链中的所有交易都同步到主链显然违反了 Plasma 的初衷，在 Plasma 中，实际向主链提交的是 Merkle Tree 的根哈希。因此子链中的实际交易情况被隐藏，在主链上只能看到子链区块的哈希值。

    +

    当有恶意行为发生时，子链网络中的所有用户都可以向主链提交防伪证明，证明成立后，含有恶意交易的区块将被回滚。

    +

    4.防伪证明（Fraud Proof）

    +

    Plasma 的一个关键设计之一就是允许用户构造防伪证明（Fraud Proof）。防伪证明的意义在于只要发布区块的节点构造了含有恶意交易的区块，那么就要承担被惩罚的风险。每当新的区块被提交到主链上时，会留出一段时间给用户提交防伪证明，如果在这段时间内没有证明被提交，则认为新的区块被验证合法。如果有防伪证明检测到区块中存在恶意交易，则该区块将被舍弃，回滚到上一个被验证合法的区块。Plasma 中的防伪证明主要有以下（但不限于）几种：

    +
      +
    • 资产可花费证明
      • +
    • 交易签名有效性证明
      • +
    • 存取款证明
      • +
    +

    至于每种防伪证明的具体形式，则依赖于实际 Plasma 应用的实现细则。

    +

    如下图所示，子链中每个节点都存有 1-4 个区块的数据。假设区块 1-3 已经被验证合法，而区块 4 中存在恶意交易，那么每个节点都可以使用 1-4 个区块中的数据构造防伪证明提交到主链，主链验证后将子链中的状态回滚到区块 1-3。

    +

    +

    防伪证明还可以使用零知识证明（zk-SNARKs 或者 STARKs）来构造，但由于目前通过零知识证明生成证明的时间和空间还有待优化，目前设计的 Plasma 并不依赖零知识证明。零知识证明在 Plasma 中的应用是一个很有前景的研究方向

    +

    5.取款（Withdrawal）

    +

    取款（Withdrawal），顾名思义，就是从子链中的资产取回到主链上，因此取款也被称为退出（Exit）。取款操作可以说是 Plasma 框架中最重要的一步，因为它确保用户可以安全地将子链上的资产转移到主链上。之前的存款以及状态确认步骤已经产生了一些交易数据，并在主链上得到同步，用户可以利用这些数据构造资产证明，之后执行简单取款（Simple Withdrawal）操作退出子链。当有扣留（Withholding）攻击发生（即子链上的矿工恶意扣留区块，意图双花攻击等）时，用户可能无法成功获取数据构造资产证明，这时需要执行批量取款（Mass Withdrawal）操作退出子链。

    +

    需要注意的是，当子链中有取款操作发生时，跟这个取款操作相关的账号或者交易都将被禁止。

    +
    5.1. 简单取款（Simple Withdrawal）
    +

    执行简单取款的条件是所要取回的资产已经在主链和子链上确认。

    +

    一个简单取款的执行主要有以下几个步骤：

    +

    向主链上的 Plasma 智能合约发送已签名的取款交易。取款的数额可以包含多个输出（UTXO模型），但所有输出必须在同一个子链当中，而且每个输出的余额必须全部取出，不能只取出一部分。取款数额的一部分还需要被当作押金，作为恶意行为的惩罚。

    +

    当取款请求发送后，需要等待一段“争议期（Challenge Period）”，这期间其它节点可以构造证据证明该取款中的部分或全部数额已经被花费。如果争议期内有节点提供证明成功，那么取款被取消，而且押金被扣除。

    +

    接下来可能还要等待一段时间，直到所有区块高度较低的取款操作都完成。这是为了保证所有取款操作按照“先来后到”的顺序执行。

    +

    当争议期结束后，如果没有争议被提出，则认为取款操作成立，取款者将子链资产成功取回到主链。

    +
    5.2.快速取款（Fast Withdrawal）
    +

    快速取款（Fast Withdrawal）跟简单取款相比的差别主要是引入一个中间人，白皮书上称为 Liquidity Provider，这里简称为 LP。如果一个用户不想等待很长的争议期（目前的实现至少要一周），那么它可以选择从 LP 这里直接取款，只需要消耗一个交易确认的时间，代价是需要支付给 LP 一定的费用。由于 Plasma 白皮书上关于快速取款的描述太过晦涩，这里主要参考 kfichter 提出的 Simple Fast Withdrawal[3] 来介绍快速取款是如何实现的。

    +

    为了实现快速取款，取款方和 LP 可以利用一个流动合约（liquidity contract）。假设取款方是 Alice，她想要执行快速取款将 10 以太币从子链转移到主链。她首先向流动合约发送 10 以太币，注意这里的交易是在子链上进行的。当这个交易被子链打包成区块后，Alice 可以调用合约中的某个退出函数，这时 Alice 将获取一个代表她这笔资产的 token。Bob 作为 LP，他检查了子链上数据之后证明 Alice 的取款没有问题之后愿意以 9 以太币的价格购买这个 token。Alice 将 token 卖给 Bob，获得了 9 以太币，Bob 赚取了 1 以太币。

    +

    需要注意的是，实现快速取款的前提条件是没有拜占庭行为发生，即没有扣留区块攻击发生，因为 LP 需要验证取款方的交易历史。

    +
    5.3. 批量取款（Mass Withdrawal）
    +

    当子链中有拜占庭行为（例如，区块扣留攻击）发生时，将会影响以后生成防伪证明，因此网络中的每个用户都有责任快速退出子链。虽然批量取款（Mass Withdrawal）操作不是必要选择，但当大量用户执行取款时很可能会造成主链拥塞，也会消耗更多的 gas，因此批量取款是当子链受到攻击时更好的选择。

    +

    批量取款操作由于所采用的模型（UTXO 模型或者账户模型）不同会有较大的差别。

    +

    当子链中有拜占庭行为发生时，用户之间可以共同协作执行批量取款。这时会有一个节点扮演取款处理人（Exit Processor）的角色，简称为 EP，负责当前某个批量操作（可以同时有多个批量取款操作发生，但同一个取款申请不能存在于多个批量取款），并且可以收取服务费作为报酬。EP 将构造一个位图（bitmap，即一串0/1）记录哪些资产要执行取款。之后 EP 将利用现有的区块数据检查每个取款是否合法，之后将构造一个批量退出初始化交易（Mass Exit Initiation Transaction，MEIT），并将其发送到主链上。在 MEIT 被主链确认之前，每个用户都可以对这个交易提出异议。当争议期结束，MEIT 被主链确认，批量取款成功。

    +

    四. Plasma 的优缺点

    +

    1. 优点

    +

    等离子链块根的行为有点像区块链中的“保存点”。请记住，侧链的主要缺点之一是侧链共识机制可以停止生产区块并永远锁定每个人的资金。由于用户可以使用区块根来表明他们在 Plasma 链上收到了资金，​​因此 Plasma 不存在这个问题！如果等离子链共识机制停止创建块，用户可以使用块根向以太坊提出索赔（“我声称我在等离子链上有 10 个 ETH，我想提取它。”）。

    +

    实际上，这意味着等离子链在设计上比侧链更安全。只有当以太坊失败时，你的资金才会面临风险，但你可能会遇到更大的问题。简单地说，等离子链与主链共识机制一样安全，而侧链仅与它自己的共识机制一样安全。这种方便的特性也意味着等离子链可以使用非常简单的共识机制（就像一个单一的权威！）并且仍然是安全的。

    +

    2. 缺点

    +

    所以等离子链为我们提供了与主区块链一样安全的廉价交易。但是有什么问题呢？

    +

    好吧，当我们使用侧链时，我们必须信任侧链共识机制。如果该机制失败，无论如何我们都不走运。这种信任使得做真正复杂的事情成为可能，因为我们也隐含地相信侧链会在未来出现。

    +

    在等离子链上，我们通过不做出这种假设来保证资金的安全。我们总是不得不假设等离子链共识机制可能随时失败，需要围绕它进行设计。这对等离子链上可能发生的事情增加了额外的限制。

    +

    举个例子，一个很长的（比如说 1 年）时间锁合同。如果您相信侧链将在一年内出现，您绝对可以将该合约放在侧链上。但是由于我们不相信等离子链会在一年内出现（即使它是完全相同的共识机制！），我们需要跳出框框思考一下。我们基本上需要确保如果共识机制失败，我们有办法将整个时间锁合约移回以太坊。幸运的是，这并不难，但它比在侧链上更复杂。

    +

    当等离子链上的东西如何重新回到以太坊时，事情变得非常复杂。仅持有您的资金的时间锁定合约是有意义的，因为您应该能够移动合约似乎很明显。但是，如果我们谈论的是同时为 100 人持有资金的时间锁定合约呢？现在已经不是那么清楚了。

    +

    简而言之，等离子链的主要缺点是您无法真正执行与侧链相同的复杂操作。但重要的是，您不能做这些复杂事情的原因是您采取了更多预防措施以确保您的资金安全。

    +

    五. Plasma MVP

    +

    Plasma MVP是针对极其简单的基于UTXO的 Plasma 链的设计。基本的 Plasma MVP 规范支持高吞吐量支付交易，但不支持更复杂的结构，如脚本或智能合约。在本页中，我们将介绍 Plasma MVP 背后的设计过程。您将准确了解 Plasma MVP 的工作原理，以及它为何如此构建。我们还提供了详细的规范，因此您可以构建自己的 Plasma MVP 实现！

    +

    整个 Plasma MVP 的生命周期可以通过下面这幅图表现出来：

    +

    +

    1.Plasma 合约

    +

    首先需要将 Plasma 合约部署到主链（以太坊）上作为主链和子链沟通的媒介。Plasma 合约会处理由子链提交的区块，并且将区块的哈希值存在主链上。除此之外，还会处理用户的存款（deposit）、取款（withdrawal/exit）以及争议（challenge）操作。

    +

    Plasma 合约中主要包括的数据结构有：

    +
      +
    • Owner：合约的拥有者（即部署合约交易的发送者）的地址，即部署合约交易的发送者；
      • +
    • Plasma 区块列表：每个 Plasma 区块中存储了（1）区块的 Merkle root（2）区块提交的时间；
      • +
    • Plasma 区块或许叫区块记录更准确，因为它是指在合约的区块记录。
      • +
    +

    退出列表：即提交了退出申请的列表，每个退出申请存储了（1）申请者的地址（2）申请退出的 UTXO 的位置。 +Plasma 合约中主要包括的函数有：

    +
      +
    • submitBlock(bytes32 root)：向主链提交一个区块，仅仅提交区块中所有交易的 Merkle root；
      • +
    • deposit()：生成一个只包含一个交易的区块，这个交易中包含与 msg.value 值相等的 UTXO；
      • +
    • startExit()：执行给定 UTXO 的退出操作；
      • +
    • challengeExit()：向某个正在执行的退出提出争议。
      • +
    +

    2.Operator

    +

    在前面的文章中我们已经知道 Plasma 子链是一个独立的区块链，那么也就有独立的共识机制。在 Plasma MVP 中采用的共识机制就是 PoA（Proof of Authority），即参与共识的只有唯一一个矿工，称为 Operator。Operator 负责处理所有子链上发生的交易，将其打包成区块存储在子链上，并且周期性地向 Plasma 合约提交区块，将子链上的状态（区块的哈希值）提交到主链共识。那么，既然 Operator 是唯一的矿工，这不就意味着 Plasma 违背了去中心化的初衷了吗？其实，这是去中心化向执行效率的妥协。在之前的文章中也提到过，Plasma 的安全基础依赖于底层的区块链，只要底层的区块链能够保证安全，那么在 Plasma 子链上发生的最差结果也只是迫使用户退出子链，而不会造成资产损失。

    +

    Operator 可以采用最简单的 REST API 方式实现，子链中的用户可以通过调用简单的 API 获取到子链中区块的数据。

    +

    3.存款（deposit）

    +

    用户 Alice 通过存款（deposit）操作向 Plasma 合约发送带有一定数额的以太币或 ERC20 token 加入 Plasma Chain，这时 Plasma 合约会执行 deposit() 函数，生成一个只包含一个交易的区块，这个交易的 UTXO 记录了 Alice 从主链转移到子链的数额。当这个区块被主链确认后，Alice 就可以使用新生成的 UTXO 向其它用户发送交易了。

    +

    4.交易（transaction）

    +

    在 Plasma MVP 中，所有用户发送的交易都是直接发送给 Operator，当积累了一定数量的交易后，由 Operator 将交易打包成区块。这里需要注意的是，由于 Plasma MVP 采用的是 UTXO 模型，所以即使交易的收款方不存在，交易也是成立的。

    +

    在子链上 Alice 向 Bob 发送一个交易的流程如下：

    +
      +
    • Alice 首先需要得到 Bob 在子链上的地址；
      • +
    • Alice 将一个或多个 UTXO 作为输入构造交易发送到 Bob 的地址，并对交易签名；
      • +
    • 等待该交易被打包到区块中；
      • +
    • Alice 向 Bob 发送确认消息，并且使用相同的私钥签名。
      • +
    +

    5.生成 Plasma 区块

    +

    在 Plasma MVP 中，一个 Plasma 区块 产生的情况只有两种：一种是 Operator 打包生成区块，向Plasma合约提交；另外一种是当用户执行 deposit 操作时，由 Plasma 合约直接生成一个只包含一个交易的 Plasma区块。

    +

    Plasma 区块 含义参考前面 Plasma 合约包含的数据结构。

    +

    6.监视子链

    +

    为了保证子链上资产的安全，用户需要周期性地检查子链上的数据，保证没有恶意交易产生。用户需要运行一种自动化的软件（例如钱包），每隔一段时间下载子链中的区块数据，检查每个区块中的交易，如果有恶意交易产生，立即退出子链。

    +

    7.取款/退出（withdrawal/exit）

    +

    当 Alice 想要退出子链时，需要向 Plasma 合约发送一个 exit 交易，申请中需要包含: +（1）所要退出的 UTXO 的位置，包括区块号（blknum）、区块内交易号（txindex）以及交易内输出号（outindex） +（2）包含该 UTXO 的交易 +（3）该交易的 Merkle proof +（4）用于生成该 UTXO 所涉及的之前一系列交易的确认签名。除此之外，exit 交易中还要包含“退出押金（exit bond）”。如果这个 exit 被 challenge 成功，那么取款的操作将被取消，而且退出押金将被发送给提出 challenge 的用户。

    +

    之后这个申请会被放入一个优先队列中，通过这个公式计算优先级：

    +

    Priority = blknum * 1000000000 + txindex * 10000 + oindex

    +

    之所以采用这种优先队列的方式处理取款顺序的原因是保证旧的 UTXO 总能优先于新的 UTXO 被取出。也就是说，当有恶意交易（例如双花等）产生时，所有在恶意交易发生之前的交易都可以被优先取出。那么如何解决在恶意交易之后被确认的交易的取款问题呢？Plasma MVP 采用了“确认签名（Confirmation Signatures）”的机制，在下一小节我们将介绍这一机制是如何工作的。

    +

    8.确认签名（Confirmation Signatures）

    +

    在 Plasma MVP 中，用户的退出顺序以所要退出的 UTXO 所在的交易的位置为准。假如 operator 作恶，在一个合法的交易之前插入一个非法的交易，那么当用户执行取款时，由于非法交易可以先被取出，因此当执行到该用户的交易时，可能 Plasma 合约中的资产已经被取空。为了解决这个问题，Plasma MVP 采用了“确认签名”机制，例如当 Alice 产生一个交易时，她首先会对交易签名。当该交易被打包入区块后，Alice 还需要对该交易进行一次签名，即“确认签名”。

    +

    引入确认签名机制后，当 Alice 发现在一个区块中自己的合法交易之前存在非法交易时，可以拒绝对自己的交易进行“确认签名”，同时申请取款。这样可以使得当前的交易失效，保证自己之前“确认签名”后的交易可以优先于非法交易之前取出。

    +

    这种确认签名机制极大地破坏了用户体验，用户每产生一个交易都要经历签名->等待确认->确认签名。而且由于确认签名也需要占据 Plasma 区块的空间，因此也降低了子链的可扩展性。为了解决这个问题，Plasma 的研究人员提出了扩展版本 More Viable Plasma 移除了确认签名的要求

    +

    9.争议（Challenge）

    +

    每个取款操作都会经历一个争议期。例如在 Alice 的某个 UTXO 退出子链的过程中，如果 Bob 在争议期内发现有恶意行为发生，他可以提出一个争议（challenge）。一个争议需要给出针对的 UTXO 的位置，以及该 UTXO 被花费的证明，即该 UTXO 已经存在于某个交易中，且这个交易已经被打包到区块。

    +

    合约通过调用 challengeExit() 函数执行一个争议，争议成功后会取消正在执行的取款操作，并将提交取款申请所冻结的押金发送给 Bob。

    +

    10. 攻击场景

    +

    在 Plasma 子链中主要存在两种攻击场景：

    +

    Alice 试图忽视在子链中转移给 Bob 的资产，使用最初加入 Plasma 子链时的交易证明向主链提出取款申请。 +Operator 生成一个恶意交易，占有其他用户的资产，并且尝试退出子链。 +下面对这两个攻击场景进行分析，观察 Plasma MVP 如何保证资产的安全性：

    +
    攻击场景1：
    +
      +
    • Alice 使用最初加入子链时生成的交易作为证据向主链提出取款申请；
      • +
    • Bob（或者其他任意用户）拥有 Alice 申请退出的 UTXO 被花费的交易证明，并将此作为证据向主链提出一个争议；
      • +
    • 争议生效，Alice 的退出申请被驳回，同时将 Alice 申请退出的押金发送给 Bob；
      • +
    • Alice 的攻击失效。
      • +
    +
    攻击场景2：
    +
      +
    • Operator 创建了一个非法交易，并且将其打包生成区块之后在主链得到确认；
      • +
    • Operator 提交取款申请，打算将 Alice 的资产取走；
      • +
    • 在争议期内，Alice 发现了 Operator 的恶意行为，立即提出取款申请，退出子链；
      • +
    • 由于 Alice 的申请优先级较高，因此会在 Operator 之前退出；
      • +
    • Operator 的攻击失效。
      • +
    +

    11. 相关Plasma MVP 实现项目

    +

    Talk is cheap, show me your code.

    +

    目前已经有许多机构和公司已经实现了 Plasma MVP，但实现的语言和细节有所不同：

    +
      +
    • FourthState Lab
      • +
    • Omisego
      • +
    • Kyokan
      • +
    +

    12. 总结

    +

    本文介绍了 Plasma 的最小实现版本 Plasma MVP，虽然采用最简单的 UTXO 模型，但已经足够体现出 Plasma 的核心思想。在 Plasma MVP 中，用户资产的安全主要依赖于用户及时发现恶意行为，并退出子链。接下来的文章将会介绍另外一个稍微复杂一点的项目，Plasma Cash。

    +

    13. 一些有用的链接

    +
      +
    • https://ethresear.ch/t/minimal-viable-plasma/426
      • +
    • https://ethresear.ch/t/more-viable-plasma/2160
      • +
    • https://github.com/fourthstate
      • +
    • https://github.com/omisego/plasma-mvp
      • +
    • https://github.com/kyokan/plasma
      • +
    +

    六. Plasma Cash

    +

    Plasma Cash是一种 Plasma 设计，主要用于存储和转移不可替代的代币。Plasma Cash 最初旨在解决 Plasma MVP 中的大规模退出问题。

    +

    1. 共识

    +

    Plasma Cash 链和 Plasma MVP 链一样，需要一个共识机制。这种机制可以是任何东西，从单个运营商（Proof-of-Authority）到大量验证器（Proof-of-Stake）。Plasma Cash 的设计确保用户资金始终是安全的，即使共识机制出现问题。

    +

    2. 存款

    +

    用户可以通过将资产存入链的智能合约来开始使用 Plasma Cash 链。然而，与 Plasma MVP 不同的是，每个 Plasma Cash 资产都由一个不可替代的代币表示。例如，如果用户将 10 ETH 存入合约，该用户将收到价值 10 ETH 的代币。每个令牌都有一个唯一的标识符。

    +

    3. 块

    +

    Plasma Cash 块与 Plasma MVP 块有很大不同。每个 Plasma Cash 块都有一个用于存在的每个代币的插槽。每当使用令牌时，该交易的记录都会放置在相应的插槽中。这是具有四个代币的 Plasma Cash 链的样子。

    +

    +

    在此示例中，令牌#4是从用户A发送给用户B的。请注意#1、#2和#3没有被花费，所以我们没有在这些插槽中放置任何东西！这种特殊的结构给了我们一些非常酷的东西。除了能够显示代币已在特定区块中花费外，我们还可以显示代币在该区块中没有易手。

    +

    因此，Plasma MVP 块形成标准的Merkle 树，而 Plasma Cash 块形成稀疏的Merkle 树。标准的 Merkle 树并没有给我们提供一个很好的方法来证明某物不是特定块的一部分，但是稀疏的 Merkle 树可以！

    +

    最酷的是用户实际上不需要跟踪每个令牌！一个代币的交易永远不能放入另一个代币的槽中。用户只需要跟踪他们自己的代币——其他插槽中的内容甚至都无关紧要。

    +

    4. 交易

    +

    由于用户只跟踪他们自己的代币，他们不知道谁拥有任何其他代币。当用户想要将他们的代币发送给另一个用户时，他们需要证明他们确实拥有该代币！该证明包括代币的完整交易历史 - 自首次创建代币以来的每笔交易。如果历史记录是正确的，那么它应该显示以发件人结尾的所有者列表。

    +

    为了证明历史实际上是正确的，用户需要提供额外的证据证明历史中的每笔交易都正确地包含在一个块中。此外，为了证明没有任何丢失的交易，用户还需要提供代币没有在任何其他区块中花费的证明。让我们通过几个 Plasma Cash 块来证明这一点。

    +

    +

    在这四个区块结束时，G拥有代币#2，C拥有代币#4。那么G如何证明他们实际上拥有#2呢？简单的！G只需要证明#2没有在区块#1 和#3 中花费，并且它在区块#2 中从E转移到F ，在区块#4 中从F转移到G。G可以通过对每个块的简单 Merkle 证明来做到这一点（利用特殊的稀疏 Merkle 树结构）。

    +

    类似地，C可以通过证明代币没有在 2 和 4 块中花费，并证明它是从A发送到B然后从B发送到C来证明他们拥有#4。

    +

    5. 提款

    +

    由于 Plasma Cash 的区块结构与 Plasma MVP 有很大不同，因此提取资金的过程也不同。

    +

    6.开始退出

    +

    当用户想要提取代币时，他们需要提交代币历史中最近的两次交易。例如，如果C想要提取代币#4 ，他们需要提供从B到C的“子”（最近）交易，以及从A到B的“父”交易。用户还需要提交 Merkle 证明，证明两笔交易都包含在区块链中。

    +

    7.挑战出口

    +

    我们需要支持三种类型的挑战，以确保只有代币的真正所有者才能撤回该代币。如果有人证明提款用户后来确实花费了代币，则可以立即阻止提款。如果有人显示父子交易之间存在交易，也可以立即阻止提款，这意味着提款用户提供了无效的父母。

    +

    有人还可以通过提供代币历史记录中的一些其他交易来挑战提款。这种类型的挑战不会立即阻止退出。相反，取款用户被迫用提供的交易之后的交易做出响应。

    +

    8.优点和缺点

    +

    Plasma Cash 具有高度可扩展性，因为用户只需要跟踪他们自己的代币。但是，在可扩展性和灵活性之间需要进行权衡。代币总是有一个固定的面额——（目前）没有好方法可以在不进入 Plasma Debit（我们将在下一节中讨论）之类的情况下花费一小部分代币。这使得 Plasma Cash 不适合需要少量代币的用例，例如交易所。

    +

    此外，需要与每笔交易一起发送的证明可以很快增长。这些证明需要一直追溯到存放代币的区块。一旦等离子链运行了一段时间，这些证明可能会变得异常庞大。

    +

    让我们快速计算一下：

    +

    想象一下，我们有一个带有（非常）保守的 1000 个代币的 Plasma Cash 链。这导致了一个具有十个级别的稀疏 Merkle 树，这意味着每个 Merkle 证明需要提供十个兄弟哈希。每个兄弟哈希是 32 字节，所以每个 Merkle 证明是 32 * 10 = 320 字节！

    +

    现在让我们假设这条链每 15 秒产生一个区块（当前的以太坊区块时间）。即每年 4 * 60 * 24 * 365 = 2102400 个区块。

    +

    我们知道发送单个令牌的证明每个块增加 320 字节。一年后，该证明将增长到 320 * 2102400 = 672768000 字节，即0.67 GB！这已经太多了，甚至无法在合理的时间内通过家庭网络进行传输。

    +

    Plasma Cash 仍然适用于某些事情。对不可替代代币的支持使 Plasma Cash 非常适合供应链物流甚至纸牌游戏！

    +

    9. 一些有用的链接

    +
      +
    • https://ethresear.ch/t/plasma-cash-plasma-with-much-less-per-user-data-checking/1298
      • +
    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token
      • +
    • http://erc721.org/
      • +
    • https://github.com/ethsociety/learn-plasma
      • +
    • https://medium.com/@kelvinfichter/whats-a-sparse-merkle-tree-acda70aeb837
      • +
    • https://karl.tech/plasma-cash-simple-spec/
      • +
    • https://github.com/loomnetwork/plasma-paper/blob/master/plasma_cash.pdf
      • +
    • https://github.com/loomnetwork/plasma-cash
      • +
    • https://github.com/omisego/plasma-cash
      • +
    • https://github.com/wolkdb/deepblockchains/tree/master/Plasmacash
      • +
    • https://github.com/luciditytech/lucidity-plasma-cash
      • +
    + + + + + + +
    +
    + + +
    + + + +
    + + + +
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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/polygon.html b/docs/src/polygon.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..597bbe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/polygon.html @@ -0,0 +1,945 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十二章：Plasma 代表项目 Polygon - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + + + 跳转至 + + +
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    + + + + + + + + + +

    第十二章：Plasma 代表项目 Polygon

    + +

    一. Polygon 简介

    +

    Polygon 是一个区块链应用平台，提供混合权益证明和支持 Plasma 的侧链。

    +

    在架构上，Polygon 的美妙之处在于其优雅的设计，它具有一个通用的验证层，与不同的执行环境分离，如 Plasma 启用的链、成熟的 EVM 侧链，以及未来的其他第 2 层方法，如 Optimistic Rollups。

    +

    目前，开发人员可以将 Plasma 用于已编写 Plasma 谓词的特定状态转换，例如 ERC20、ERC721、资产交换或其他自定义谓词。对于任意状态转换，他们可以使用 PoS。或两者！Polygon 的混合结构使这成为可能。

    +

    为了在我们的平台上启用 PoS 机制，在以太坊上部署了一组质押管理合约，以及一组运行 Heimdall 和 Bor 节点的激励验证者。以太坊是 Polygon 支持的第一个基础链，但 Polygon 打算根据社区建议和共识为其他基础链提供支持，以实现可互操作的去中心化第 2 层区块链平台。

    +

    Polygon 是由 Heimdall 和 Bor 组成，Heimdall 是我们的 Proof-of-Stake 验证层，它负责将 Plasma 块的表示检查点到我们架构中的主链。我们通过在 Tendermint 共识引擎之上构建并更改签名方案和各种数据结构来实现这一点。Bor 节点或 Block Producer 实现基本上是侧链运营商。侧链 VM 与 EVM 兼容。目前，它是一个基本的 Geth 实现，对共识算法进行了自定义更改。但是，这将是从头开始构建的，以使其轻巧且专注。

    +

    二. Polygon 项目架构

    +

    1. Polygon 具有三层架构

    +

    以太坊上的 Staking 和 Plasma 智能合约 +Heimdall（权益证明层） +Bor（区块生产者层）

    +

    +

    2. Polygon 智能合约（在以太坊上）

    +

    Polygon 在以太坊上维护了一组智能合约，它们处理以下内容：

    +

    权益证明层的权益管理 +授权管理，包括验证者共享 +MoreVP 的等离子合约，包括侧链状态的检查点/快照

    +

    3. Heimdall 节点

    +

    Heimdall 是 PoS 验证节点，它与以太坊上的 Staking 合约协同工作，以在 Polygon 上启用 PoS 机制。我们通过在 Tendermint 共识引擎之上构建并更改签名方案和各种数据结构来实现这一点。它负责区块验证、区块生产者委员会选择、在我们的架构中将侧链区块的表示检查点到以太坊，以及各种其他职责。

    +

    Heimdall 层将 Bor 产生的块聚合到 Merkle 树中，并定期将 Merkle 根发布到根链。这种定期发布称为checkpoints. 对于 Bor 上的每几个块，验证器（在 Heimdall 层上）：

    +
      +
    • 验证自上一个检查点以来的所有块
      • +
    • 创建块哈希的 Merkle 树
      • +
    • +

      将 Merkle 根发布到主链 + 检查点之所以重要，有两个原因：

      +
      • +
    • +

      在根链上提供最终确定性

      +
      • +
    • 在提取资产时提供燃烧证明
      • +
    +

    该过程可以解释为：

    +
      +
    • 从池中选择一部分活跃的验证者作为跨度的块生产者。每个跨度的选择也将得到至少 ⅔ 掌权者的同意。这些块生产者负责创建块并将其广播到网络的其余部分。 + 检查点包括在任何给定时间间隔内创建的所有块的根。所有节点都验证相同并将其签名附加到它。 + 从验证者集中选出的提议者负责收集特定检查点的所有签名并将其提交到主链上。 + 创建区块和提出检查点的责任取决于验证者在整个池中的股权比例。
      • +
    +

    Heimdall 是我们的 Proof-of-Stake 验证层，它负责将 Plasma 块的表示检查点到我们架构中的主链。我们通过在 Tendermint 共识引擎之上构建并更改签名方案和各种数据结构来实现这一点。

    +

    主链 Stake Manager 合约与 Heimdall 节点协同工作，作为 PoS 引擎的无信任权益管理机制，包括选择 Validator 集合、更新验证者等。由于 Staking 实际上是在以太坊智能合约上完成的，我们不仅仅依赖验证者的诚实，而是为这个关键部分继承了以太坊链的安全性。

    +
    3.1. 验证人选择
    +

    验证者是通过链上拍卖过程选择的，该过程按照此处定义的定期发生 72. 赢得插槽后成为验证者的过程概述如下：

    +
      +
    • 在合约上调用StakeFor()函数StakeManager来锁定你的链上状态。
      • +
    • Bridgeon heimdall 监听这个事件并向 heimdall 广播
      • +
    • 共识Validator加入heimdall但未激活后。
      • +
    • ValidatorStartEpoch仅在（此处定义）后才开始验证 39)
      • +
    • 一旦startEpoch到达验证者就被添加到validator-set并开始参与共识机制
      • +
    +

    4. bor 节点

    +

    Bor 是 Polygon 的区块生产者层——负责将交易聚合成区块的实体。目前，它是一个基本的 Geth 实现，对共识算法进行了自定义更改。

    +

    区块生产者通过 Heimdall 上的委员会选择定期改组，持续时间称为spanPolygon 中的 a。块在Bor节点生成，侧链 VM 与 EVM 兼容。在 Bor 上产生的块也由 Heimdall 节点定期验证，并且由 Bor 上一组块的 Merkle 树哈希组成的检查点定期提交给以太坊。

    +

    Bor 节点或 Block Producer 实现基本上是侧链运营商。侧链 VM 与 EVM 兼容。目前，它是一个基本的 Geth 实现，对共识算法进行了自定义更改。但是，这将是从头开始构建的，以使其轻巧且专注。

    +

    区块生产者是从验证者集中选择的，并出于相同目的使用历史以太坊区块哈希进行洗牌。

    +
    4.1 生产者选择
    +

    生产者是 BOR 层的区块生产者，他们是根据权益从验证者池中选出的小委员会。

    +
      +
    • 验证人根据质押获得插槽，因此如果验证人有 100 个 Matic 代币质押，并且每个插槽为 10，他将总共获得 10 个插槽。
      • +
    • 所有验证者都有这些插槽 [ A, A, A, B, B, C ]
      • +
    • 使用历史以太坊区块作为种子，我们对这个数组进行洗牌。
      • +
    • 使用种子对插槽进行洗牌后，我们得到了这个数组 [ A, B, A, C, B, A, A]
      • +
    • 现在我们从顶部弹出验证器，例如，如果我们想选择 3 个生产者，我们将生产者设置为 [ A, B, A]
      • +
    • 因此，下一个跨度的生产者集定义为 [ A: 2, B:1 ]
      • +
    • 使用这个验证器集和tendermint 的提议者选择算法，我们为 BOR 上的每个 sprint 选择一个生产者。
      • +
    +

    +

    5. 检查点

    +

    Matic 的 PoS 系统与其他人的主要区别在于 Matic 不是 Layer 1 平台，它依赖于以太坊作为 Layer 1 结算层。因此，所有的质押机制也需要与以太坊链智能合约同步。

    +

    检查点的提议者最初是通过 Tendermint 的加权循环算法选择的。根据检查点提交成功实施进一步的自定义检查。这使我们能够与 Tendermint 提议者选择解耦，并为我们提供仅在以太坊主网上的检查点交易成功时选择提议者的能力。

    +

    在 Tendermint 上成功提交检查点是一个两阶段的提交过程；通过上述算法选择的提议者，在提议者字段中发送带有其地址的检查点，所有其他提议者在将其添加到其状态之前对其进行验证。

    +

    然后下一个提议者发送一个确认交易来证明之前的检查点交易在以太坊主网中已经成功。每个验证器集更改都将由嵌入到验证器节点的 Heimdall 上的验证器节点中继。这允许 Heimdall 始终与以太坊主链上的 Matic 合约状态保持同步。

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    部署在主链上的 Matic 合约被认为是最终的真相来源，因此所有验证都是通过查询主链合约来完成的。

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    三. 总结

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    本文咱们是初略的说一下 ploygon, 更多关于 polygon 的东西可以去阅读官方文档和源码

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/rollup-all.html b/docs/src/rollup-all.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fa8a63 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/rollup-all.html @@ -0,0 +1,891 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第六章：Layer2 实现方式之 Rollup - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第六章：Layer2 实现方式之 Rollup

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    一. 1. Rollup 简介

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    Rollup 是类似于 Plasma 的第 2 层扩展解决方案：单个主链合约持有所有资金和对更大“侧链”状态（通常是账户、余额及其状态的 Merkle 树）的简洁加密承诺。侧链状态由链下用户和运营商维护，不依赖 L1 存储（这是最大的可扩展性胜利的来源）。

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    Rollup 与 Plasma 的不同之处在于，它解决了 Plasma 的巨大问题——数据可用性——通过 L1 网络发布每笔交易的一些数据（在以太坊中，专门为此目的使用了 tx CALLDATA）。因此，可以将数千个交易捆绑（汇总）在一个汇总块中。虽然这种方法在成本（事务数量的 O(n)）方面严格线性增长，但它提供了实际 100 倍的吞吐量提高，因为 CALLDATA 比 L1 存储和计算便宜得多。

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    Rollup 多次被 Vitalik Buterin 认可为他最喜欢的 Layer-2 扩展解决方案。

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    根据如何保证状态转换的正确性，有两种 Rollup 风格：ZK Rollup 和 Optimistic Rollup, 根据不同的项目，又有不同的改进版 Rollup

    +

    二. RollUp 如何工作

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    Rollups 旨在通过压缩第 1 层区块链上的数据足迹来降低 gas 费用。汇总工作原理的基本思想是，它将大部分事务——计算（和状态存储）——从基础链推到第二层，同时将事务数据提交回底层的第 1 层链进行存储。

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    后者是关键，因为它允许区块链运营商检查和检测在链下计算的交易的欺诈行为，如果他们愿意的话。

    +

    在安全性方面，rollup 仍然依赖于以太坊基础链，因此如果用户已经信任以太坊的安全验证，则不必信任一组单独的验证器。

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    和 Polygon 模式的对比 +

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    Rollup 的核心思想是将“打包”后的交易数据区块发布在链上，从而降低交易有效性验证的难度。交易数据的上链和验证是基于智能合约完成的。操作者收集到不同参与者提交的链下交易后，在链上执行 Rollup 智能合约提供的脚本，将打包后的交易数据区块作为参数提交给合约，合约验证数据有效后为每个参与者记账。这相当于一次性执行了一批链下交易，但是在链上只执行了一个交易。

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    下图是 ZK Rollup 提交上链的打包数据。它包含一组压缩后的交易数据 [Tx]（不包含任何签名）、执行这批交易之前的老的用户状态的 merkle 树树根，以及执行交易之后的新的用户状态的 merkle 树树根。除此之外还包含一个 SNARK 零知识证明，合约用它来验证在老的用户状态上施加这批交易 [Tx] 后结果就是新的用户状态。零知识证明具体是如何工作的, 后面我们会专门出一个专栏课程，

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    生成 SNARK 的成本非常高，所以 Optimistic Rollup 采用了不同的方法——“欺诈证明”来验证交易有效性。这里的“欺诈证明”并非 SNARK 那样的见证数据，它实际上指的是加密经济学有效性博弈（Cryptoeconomic Validity Game）。越说越晕了，其实很简单，就是每次打包后的交易被提交到链上时，智能合约都假定它们是正确的，无需验证。如果有人篡改了交易，操作者或者其它参与者都可以挑战非法交易，挑战成功后通过智能合约回滚不正确的区块，作弊者会受到惩罚，它的押金将会被没收，部分押金会奖励给挑战者。这就是所谓的基于加密经济学有效性博弈的“欺诈证明”，实际上是让参与各方互相监督，通过惩罚机制来提高作弊成本。为了实现“欺诈证明”，光有 ZK Rollup 那样的交易数据 [Tx] 是不够的，Tx数据需要包涵交易提交者的签名，合约通过校验签名来判断交易是否合法

    +

    +

    三. Rollup 的安全性

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    Rollup 的安全性来自于数据可用性和交易有效性。有了数据可用性和交易有效性，就能保证 Rollup 操作者永远不能破坏状态或窃取资金，即使操作者不配合，参与者也能方便的追回 Rollup 网络上的资产。Rollup 将交易数据发布到链上，就像“锚”一样将 Rollup 网络锚定到了以太坊主链上。就好比是赌场里装上了摄像头，即便是玩扑克的人被打了一闷棍，还是能通过视频记录证明自己确实赢了钱。

    +

    对于交易有效性验证，ZK Rollup 和 Optimistic Rollup 采取了不同的方法。ZK Rollup 采用零知识证明来保证交易有效。它的安全性建立在密码学基础之上，智能合约仅在交易数据被证明为正确之后才会接受状态转换。每次状态转换都有一个零知识证明，这保证了链上总是对应着一个正确的二层状态。Optimistic Rollup 采用基于加密经济学有效性博弈的“欺诈证明”，它无需为每一次状态转换都提供证明，只在有人认为状态转换有误的时候提供。因为沉默将被视为同意，所以它要求交易方必须每时每刻都要在线。相比较 ZK Rollup，Optimistic Rollup 的安全性有所降低，它需要采取额外的措施来防止 DDoS 攻击造成的“默许”。

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    四. 可扩展性

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    Rollup 通过一次链上交易可以执行一大批打包后的链下交易，主链不需要通过执行每笔交易来验证其有效性，而且交易数据是作为函数参数发布的，验证完有效性后就会被丢弃，这样就不会占据主链的存储空间。因此 Rollup 可以大幅度提升主链的可扩展性。

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    但是这种提升并非没有限制，虽然只有一次链上交易，但是它会受到交易数据本身 gas 成本的制约。以太坊数据的 gas 成本在伊斯坦布尔升级前是每字节 68 单位，而以太坊上每个地址就会占用 20 字节，所以如果用以太坊交易的数据结构来表示链下交易，gas 费用会非常高，因此 Rollup 对交易数据进行了压缩。

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    ZK Rollup 在智能合约里用 merkle 树来记录地址，这样地址就可以表示成树的索引值，地址数据的大小就从原本的 20 bytes 减少到只有 3 bytes 到 4 bytes。每笔交易就被压缩成 10 几个字节，再加上一个约 100-300 字节的 SNARK，理论上可以将以太坊吞吐量从 32 TPS 提升到约 680 TPS，伊斯坦布尔升级后可达到 2000 TPS。下图是压缩后 ZK Rollup 每笔交易数据的格式：

    +

    +

    Optimistic Rollup 的吞吐量理论上只有 100 TPS，主要原因是上文提到过的，为了支持“欺诈证明”，Optimistic Rollup的每笔交易数据需要包涵交易提交者的签名。每条签名的大小是 64 bytes，这大大增加了提交上链的交易数据的字节数，从而很快达到 gas 上限。为了减少交易数据的字节数，一种 BLS 聚合签名机制被提了出来。如下图所示， BLS 聚合签名机制是在操作者收集到所有交易后，将打包后的交易发送给每个交易提交者签名，因为每个签名都是针对相同的数据，所以可以被操作者聚合成一个 BSL 签名。发送给链上合约的将是压缩后的交易数据加上聚合后的 BLS 签名，从而大幅减少了交易数据所消耗的 gas。BLS 签名可以将 Optimistic Rollup 的吞吐量从100 TPS提升到 450 TPS，伊斯坦布尔升级后也可以达到 2000 TPS。

    +

    +

    五. RollUp 延迟问题

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    Optimistic Rollup 基于加密经济学有效性博弈，只有过了1～2周的挑战期才能确认交易生效。ZK Rollup的延迟相对较小，如果一个打包区块中有 1000 笔交易，在普通的服务器上大概需要 20 分钟可以构造出一个证明。开发者已经提出很多减少延迟的方法，比如采用 GPU 加速可以将零知识证明构造时间压缩到 1 分钟。还有一种叫做“即时交易收据”（instant tx receipts）的方法两种 Rollup 方案都适用。它主要借助经济学博弈来完成，就是负责打包的操作员需抵押一部分安全保证金，如果某个交易没有被打包到区块中，这笔钱就会被没收。理论上“即时交易收据”可以将交易确认时间压缩到 1 秒以内，但是实现相对复杂，安全性有所降低。

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    六. 通用性

    +

    通用性方面，Optimistic Rollup 明显好于ZK Rollup，当然它的设计目标就是支持任意智能合约。而 ZK Rollup 目前仅适用于支付之类的特定交易，对于通用智能合约，由于创建零知识证明的成本非常高，部署起来困难较大。为了提高效率， 开发者正在开发专门的零知识证明虚拟机，比如 ZEXE。它在一定程度上可以缩短创建证明的时间，但是缺点是合约开发者需要大量的专业知识。Matter Labs团队基于ZK Rollup开发的新一代区块链扩展方案 ZK Sync，设计开发了一款以委托的方式生成零知识证明的沙盒式虚拟机，开发者不需要深入了解零知识证明领域的技术细节就可以编写出高效且安全的智能合约。

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    七. 总结

    +

    本文简要介绍了区块链扩容方案 Rollup 的工作原理，对比分析了两种 Rollup 方案 ZK Rollup 和 Optimistic Rollup 在可扩展性、延迟、通用性、安全性上的优劣。

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    rollup可扩展性延迟安全性通用性
    optimistic rollup450TPS一周差好
    zk rollup680TPS20min好差
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    根据以上的对比分析，短期看来 Optimistic Rollup 由于较好的通用性会受到开发者的青睐；但从长期来看，随着零知识证明虚拟机的演进，ZK Rollup 会在通用性上不断提高。

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/starkex.html b/docs/src/starkex.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d028a4f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/starkex.html @@ -0,0 +1,886 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十三章：Validium 代表项目 StarkEx - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第十三章：Validium 代表项目 StarkEx

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    这里不再做过多的叙述，请看文档, StarkEx 中文文档: https://docs.starkware.co/starkex-docs-v2-chinese/

    +

    下面简单说一下文档中提到的 merkle 树 和 稀疏默克尔树

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    如果你最近去过以太坊研究社区，你可能听说过一种叫做稀疏默克尔树的东西。它们可能听起来很吓人，但它们真的很简单。这篇文章将准确解释什么是稀疏 Merkle 树，为什么它们很酷，以及它们目前的用途。

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    一. 默克尔树

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    首先，让我们先快速复习一下 Merkle 树。Merkle 树为我们提供了一种以加密方式提交一组数据的方法。我们首先对集合中的每条数据进行散列，然后继续沿着树向上散列，直到到达根节点。

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    最终看起来像这样：

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    1.证明包容

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    这棵树的根只是一个散列——它没有告诉我们树的内容。我们可以使用一种叫做“Merkle proof”的东西来证明某些内容实际上是这棵树的一部分。例如，让我们证明它A是上述树的一部分。我们需要做的就是A在向上的过程中提供每个兄弟姐妹，重新计算树，并确保一切都匹配。

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    我继续用蓝色突出显示兄弟姐妹。只需A、H(B)和H(H(C)+H(D))，我们就可以重新计算原始根哈希。这是一种有效的方式来显示它A是这棵树的一部分，而无需提供整个树！

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    1.证明不包含

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    所以我们可以很容易地证明某物是默克尔树的一部分，但是如果我们想证明某物不是默克尔树的一部分呢？不幸的是，标准的默克尔树并没有给我们任何好的方法来做到这一点。我们可以透露全部内容，但这有点违背了首先使用 Merkle 树的意义。

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    二.稀疏默克尔树

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    这就是稀疏默克尔树发挥作用的地方。稀疏 Merkle 树类似于标准 Merkle 树，不同之处在于包含的数据被索引，并且每个数据点都放置在与该数据点的索引对应的叶子上。

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    假设我们有一棵有四片叶子的 Merkle 树。我们将用一些字母 ( A, D) 填充这棵树以进行演示。字母A是字母表的第一个字母，所以我们应该把它放在第一页。同样，我们可以放在D第四片叶子上。

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    那么第二片和第三片叶子会发生什么？我们只是让它们空着。更准确地说，我们放置一个特殊值（如null）而不是放置一个字母。

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    树最终看起来像这样：

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    1. 证明包容

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    就像在标准的 Merkle 树中一样，我们可以使用 Merkle 证明来证明它A是这棵树的一部分。这个证明看起来就像你的标准 Merkle 证明：

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    同样，我们只是提供兄弟姐妹H(null)和H(H(null)+H(D))，并检查它是否与根匹配。

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    2. 证明不包含

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    这就是魔法发生的地方。如果我们想证明它C不是这棵Merkle 树的一部分，会发生什么？这简单！我们知道，如果C是树的一部分，它会在第三片叶子上。如果C不是 树的一部分，则第三片叶子必须是null。

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    我们所需要的只是一个标准的默克尔证明，显示第三片叶子是null！

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    这看起来就像一个标准的 Merkle 证明，除了我们证明叶子包含null而不是C.

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    稀疏 Merkle 树的最佳部分是它们真正代表了 Merkle 树内部的键值存储！

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    3. 缺点

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    稀疏默克尔树真的很酷，因为它们为我们提供了不包含的有效证明。然而，这也可能意味着它们变得非常非常大。26 个字母并不多，但大多数时候我们谈论的是 2²⁵⁶ 哈希！手动生成树的索引太多了。

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    幸运的是，有一些技术可以有效地生成 Merkle 树。这些技术的关键在于，这些巨大的稀疏 Merkle 树大多是……稀疏的。H(null)是一个常数值，H(H(null))等等等等。树的大块可以被缓存！

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    4. 用例

    +

    稀疏默克尔树已经在野外被用来做一些很酷的区块链事情。

    +

    Plasma Cash利用稀疏的默克尔树来存储有关存入资产的信息。每个 Plasma Cash 资产都有一个唯一的 ID。每当资产转移给新用户时，交易都会包含在资产索引处的稀疏 Merkle 树中！包含证明（或不包含！）用于证明给定的交易历史是有效的。

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    稀疏的默克尔树甚至可能进入以太坊！以太坊研究人员正在研究稀疏的 Merkle 树，以替代目前用于存储以太坊状态的 Merkle Patricia 尝试。

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/state-chain.html b/docs/src/state-chain.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31c186c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/state-chain.html @@ -0,0 +1,953 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第四章：Layer2 实现方式之状态通道 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第四章：Layer2 实现方式之状态通道

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    状态通道也算是一种比较热门的扩容方案，状态通道解决方案通过将链下交互和链上清算隔离开，能够在保障一定程度的非中心化和资产安全性的同时，实现速度更快、费用更低的交易。状态通道作为一种链下扩容方案，从一般到特殊分为通用状态通道、状态通道和支付通道三个层次。状态通道面临的主要问题包括路由问题、通道平衡问题、节点离线问题以及保证金锁定问题。

    +

    通过设计合理的路由策略可以将状态通道扩展为网络结构，目前的方案有哈希时间锁合约、虚拟通道和元通道。通道平衡问题的主要解决思路有背压路由算法和链下重新平衡方案。节点离线问题的主要解决思路是引入第三方来监督链下状态，并加以经济激励。保证金锁定问题的解决思路是从流动性资金供应商那里吸收闲散资金、共享资金池。

    +

    相比于链上扩容方案，状态通道巧妙地将链上和链下的职能分开，采用该方案无需改变公链结构，结合链上的安全性和非中心化特性以及链下的扩展性，但从整体生态来说，由于链上链下通信过程中可能存在的问题，依然属于安全性、非中心化和扩展性的一种新平衡。相比于其他链下扩容方案，状态通道的隐私性较好，可做到即时性，尤其适合于固定双方的高频互动，其劣势在于需要中间节点“垫付”资金、要求节点实时在线或需引入第三方来监督

    +

    状态通道（State Channel）是区块链链下（off-chain）扩容方案之一，目前有众多知名项目都采用了状态通道技术方案。

    +

    一. 状态通道概述

    +

    状态通道中的状态指的是区块链账本当前的样子，包括账户名称（或 UTXO 模型的地址）、余额（或 UTXO 模型下的未花费交易输出）、合约数据等。状态通道是在两方或多方之间开辟一条链下通道来进行状态交换，以实现较低的手续费和即时到账等特性。

    +

    利用状态通道交易的流程一般为：

    +
      +
    • 交易方在链上锁定一定量的资产，在区块链上记录并开辟状态通道；
      • +
    • 在通道内进行相互交易和状态更新，但不提交到链上；
      • +
    • 当任一方想要关闭通道时，提交最终状态到区块链上进行清算。若另一方有异议，可在规定时间内申请链上仲裁
      • +
    +

    状态通道的扩容原理主要是链下交互、链上清算，避免将每一笔小额交易都放在链上进行，只需要把最终的状态提交到链上即可，减轻了链上的工作量。当双方均无异议可以很快完成清算，实现即时终结性（Instant Finality），此外由于在通道内进行链下交易，可实现较快的交易速度、较低的手续费，以及较好的隐私性。

    +

    当某一方试图欺诈，提交有利于自己的非最终状态上链时，另一方可以通过提交带有时间戳的最新状态向链上申诉，坐实后欺诈者会面临被没收抵押物的惩罚。但这要求状态通道的用户实时在线，

    +

    如果某一方长时间离线，链上清算会强制执行，从而可能造成损失。这种情况下一般会引入第三方来监督是否有欺诈现象发生，但这需要设计出合理的第三方经济激励机制。

    +

    状态通道方案比较适合参与方在相对较长的时间里需多次交换状态、对单次转账的交易手续费比较敏感等场景

    +

    二. 状态通道的三个层级

    +

    状态通道作为一种链下扩容方案，从一般到特殊主要分为通用状态通道（Generalized State Channel）、状态通道（State Channel）和支付通道（Payment Channel）三个层级。

    +

    +

    1 通用状态通道

    +

    通用状态通道是模块化、标准化的状态通道开发框架，实例化之后即成为状态通道或支付通道。开发人员无需很熟悉状态通道的相关技术细节也可以很容易地开发基于状态通道的应用，用户也可在不执行任何链上操作的情况下在通道内安装、运行和终止 DApp。

    +

    典型的项目有 Counterfactual（基于链下状态通道建立应用的开发架构）、Celer Network（layer-2 扩展平台，帮助开发者快速构建和运行非中心化应用。）。

    +

    2 状态通道

    +

    状态通道是在链下进行状态交互的通道。通过将链上的图灵完备智能合约放到链下执行，来实现状态交换和链下扩容的目的。例如基于状态通道开发的围棋游戏，就是在链下不断进行状态的交换。

    +

    典型的项目有 Perun Network（支持链下智能合约的执行）、FunFair（基于状态通道的对赌游戏）。

    +

    3.支付通道

    +

    支付通道属于状态通道在支付领域内的具体应用。交易双方在状态通道内可多次进行账务往来，直到通道关闭时上链清算。链下转账快速无手续费，当一方尝试在上链清算时进行欺诈，会有仲裁和惩罚机制来确保双方的资产安全。

    +

    典型的项目有闪电网络（BTC 的状态通道支付网络）、Raiden（以太坊版的闪电网络）、Trinity（Neo 版的闪电网络）Liquidity Network（基于 NOCUST 协议的支付通道网络）

    +

    三. 状态通道存在的问题

    +

    1. 路由问题

    +

    +

    为了将支付通道扩展为支付网络，在已开辟的状态通道上通过路由节点建立两个陌生节点的连接无疑是比较经济的。正如六度人脉理论阐释的那样，我们可以借助六度人脉和世界上其他任何人建立联系。目前主要有如下三种路由方案：

    +
    1.1. 哈希时间锁合约（HTLC，Hashed-Time Lock Contract）
    +

    代表项目：闪电网络

    +

    发送方向接收方发送 BTC 到 1/2 多重签名地址，如果接收方不能在合约规定的时间内通过“签名+哈希密文”的方式将 BTC 解锁，那么 BTC 就会退还给发送方。

    +

    +

    如图所示，A 想通过 B、C 向 D 发送 1 个 BTC。D 作为接收方，首先生成一个随机私钥 r（相当于钥匙）和公钥 R（相当于锁），然后将 R 发送给 A。

    +

    A 和 B 首先搭建了哈希时间锁合约，R 就是其中的“锁”，这里的“时间”是 3 天，“哈希密文”就是只有 D 才知道的私钥 r。这个合约意味着只要 B 能在 3 天之内获得私钥 r 来解锁 R，就可以得到A 在智能合约里发送的 1 个 BTC，否则这 1 个 BTC 就会退还给 A。

    +

    B 需要获得私钥 r 来解锁 R，按照同样的思路，B 和 C 的智能合约规定，只要 C 能在 2 天之内获得私钥 r 来解锁 R，就可以得到B 在智能合约里发送的 1 个 BTC，否则这 1 个 BTC 就会退还给 B。

    +

    最后 C 和 D 的智能合约也是如此，只要 D 能在 1 天之内用私钥 r 来解锁 R 就可以获得这 1 个 BTC。相当于 D 是用私钥 r 换取了C“垫付”的 1 个 BTC，C 拿到私钥 r 后再用它解锁并换取了 B“垫付”的 1 个 BTC，之后 B 用 r 解锁了 A 的 1 个 BTC。

    +

    也就是说，D 首先生成了“锁”和对应的“钥匙”，然后锁依次传到 A、B、C；D 收到 BTC 后，“钥匙”依次传到 C、B、A。这样几个节点无需相互信任就实现了从 A 到 D 的安全转账。实际操作中，中间节点会收到额外的服务费作为经济激励（这也意味着经过的中间节点越多，手续费越高）。

    +
    1.2. 虚拟通道（Virtual Channel）
    +

    代表项目：Perun Network

    +

    +

    如图所示，A、B 都已经与 I 开辟了状态通道，分别为通道 X 和通道 Y。现在 A、B 向中间节点 I 通过智能合约发出申请，建立 A 和 B 的虚拟通道 Z（虚线所示）。

    +

    A 在 X 通道锁定了 Z（A）个通证，对应的 I 在 Y 通道也锁定了 Z（A）个通证；B 在 Y 通道锁定了 Z（B）个通证，对应的 I 在 X 通道也锁定了 Z(B)个通证。

    +

    锁定之后相当于在 A、B 之间建立了一个虚拟通道 Z，A、B 在该通道内对应的可用额度分别是 Z（A）、（B）。A 如果想向 B 转账1 个通证，I 的左边会增加 1 个通证，与此同时右边会减少 1 个通证，减少的 1 个通证转给了 B，达成的效果类似于武侠小说里的“隔山打牛”，A 通过 I 作为“跳板”向 B 转账了 1 个通证。虚拟通道也可以进一步扩展形成更大的网络。

    +

    与哈希时间锁合约方案相比，该方案的中间节点无需牵涉到每笔交易中来，只需通过智能合约自动执行，因此更具隐私性和低延迟性，但是需要中间节点锁定足够数量的通证，以为虚拟通道两端提供“中介服务”。比如在上面的例子中，I 节点至少需要锁定 Z（A）+（B）个通证。

    +
    1.3 元通道（Meta Channel）
    +

    代表项目：Counterfactual

    +

    该方案与虚拟通道类似 ， 只是结构稍有差异 。 比如 Counterfactual，是将通用状态通道进行实例化后分别建立 A 和 I、 +B 和 I 的代理状态通道，在此基础上建立 A、B 的支付通道，实现和虚拟通道相同的效果。

    +

    +

    在状态通道网络中，采用传统计算机网络的最短路径的路由策略，会造成通道的不平衡状态，反过来又会使得路由策略失效，寻路遇到“死胡同”便无法有效传递价值。如图表 8 所示 A、B、C 三个节点两两组成的双向状态通道，采用最短路径使得节点在某一通道的可用通证变为 0，双向通道变成了单向通道。左上图是平衡状态，对应左下图所示双向通道。中上图和右上图的通证集中到了一边，分别对应中下和右下的单向通道。

    +

    +

    Celer Network 提出了背压（BackPressure）路由算法，在每个时间切片内衡量局部网络的拥堵程度和通道失衡度，然后按照背压权重最大的方向进行路由转移，减少网络拥堵的同时实现通道平衡。通过对 77 个节点组成的 254 个状态通道组成的支付网络进行测试后发现，背压路由算法和闪电网络的最短路径路由算法相比，性能提高了 15 倍，通道利用率提高了 20 倍。

    +

    Liquidity Network 提出了一个允许在链下重新平衡支付通道的Revive 协议。该协议通过使一组支付通道节点执行一组交易，来重新平衡每个节点在多个通道的通证资产量，防止单向通道形成。如下左图所示的树形网络结构无法做到重新平衡，而 Revive 所采用的右图所示的网络包含环状结构，可以实现节点在多个通道的通证分布从集中重新变得均匀。例如，B 在和 D 组成的通道里有 200 个通证，而在和 E 组成的通道里有 0 个通证，对于右图可以通过（B，D，E，B）环状结构进行重新调配，使得 B 和 D、B 和 E 组成的两个通道里各有 100 个通证。

    +

    +

    2. 节点离线问题

    +

    前文提到状态通道是在链下交互、链上清算，任何一方都可以关闭状态通道实现最终的清算和交割。当双方同时在线且达成一致，可实现即时终结性。但是当一方处于离线状态，或者另一方发起攻击（如 DDoS 攻击、破坏网线等）使其离线，并提交对自己有利的非最终状态给链上，离线方一旦错过仲裁期，最终的清算结果将会对离线方造成资产损失，损害状态通道的公平性、安全性。

    +

    这种情况下人们想到通过把监测任务外包给第三方加以解决,例如闪电网络的监督者（Monitors）、Pisa 的看管者（Custodians）、Celer Network 的状态保卫网络（State Guardian Network）。

    +

    Monitors 通过举证获得奖励，Custodians 通过质押安全保证金获得监管机会，State Guardian Network 是由状态守护者组成的一个类似于 Plasma 的侧链，CELR 通证（Celer Network 网络中的通证）持有者通过抵押通证成为链下状态守护者，抵押通证越多则被委派以守护链下状态任务的概率越大，从而获得更多收益的概率也越大。

    +

    3. 保证金锁定问题

    +

    上面提到的路由方案，无论是哈希锁定合约，还是虚拟通道、元通道，都需要中间节点“垫付”资金，或锁定保证金。网络规模越大、平均的转账金额越大，整个网络锁定的保证金也越多，由此产生的机会成本也越高昂。

    +

    Liquidity Network 和 Celer Network 都提出了类似于银行的机制来共享流动性，试图通过智能合约从通证持有者处租借通证或支付中心相互“拆借”和共享的方式，减少保证金的锁定。

    +

    下图为 Celer Network 的经济模型，主要由流动性资金支持拍卖机制（LiBA，Liquidity Backing Auction）、流动性资金担保挖矿机制（PoLC Mining，Proof of Liquidity Commitment Mining）和链下状态守护者网络三部分构成。其中 PoLC Mining 机制是 Celer 网络流动性资金的关键源头，简单来说就是通过质押担保合约从流动性资金提供商那里收集闲散资金，类似于银行从储户那里获得资金，再通过 LiBA 机制为状态通道服务供应商提供流动性资金，类似于银行放贷。

    +

    +

    Liquidity Network 基于 NOCUST 的多方支付中心，通过汇聚和共享抵押资金的方式来减少资金锁定。而闪电网络需要对所有的交易进行 100%的抵押，且抵押金相互隔离，流动性较差。

    +

    原文链接：http://www.wenwoha.com/20/course_article?act_id=249

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/valid-proof.html b/docs/src/valid-proof.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f218cc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/valid-proof.html @@ -0,0 +1,756 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第九章：有效证明简介 - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第九章：有效证明简介

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    + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/src/validium.html b/docs/src/validium.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83abd7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/validium.html @@ -0,0 +1,819 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 第十章：Layer2 实现方式之 Validium - Layer2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    第十章：Layer2 实现方式之 Validium

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    一. Validium 简介

    +

    Validium运行方式类似于ZK rollup，不同之处在于数据被保存在链下。因为交易数据不是发布在区块链上的，所以有必要采用额外的信任假设，用户必须信任操作员，以便在需要时可以访问数据。

    +

    Validium的链下数据存储有很多好处，交易速度更快，并且因为公众无法访问交易，所以用户隐私性也到了提高。

    +

    然而，由于数据是在链外保存的，因此用户将无法随时看到其在智能合约中的可用金额。

    +

    因此，用户必须从中继器那里获取数据才能掌握自己的资金，并且他们必须信任中继器。

    +

    为了解决这个问题，StarkWare这样的解决方案提供了一个数据可用性委员会（DAC），其会存储所有链下数据，并在紧急情况下变为公开可访问，减少用户对中继器的依赖：由于其仍使用zkp，所以不存在广播不正确状态的危险；用户现在必须信任的只是信息的及时性。

    +

    Validium解决方案是较新的，建立在ZKR基础之上，如果扩展解决方案的有效性证明套件越来越受欢迎，其势头会不断提高。

    +

    使用Validium解决方案的项目包括DeversiFi、ZKSwap（支付、交易平台）、Sorare（足球NFT游戏）和Immutable X（NFT 市场）。

    +

    二. Validium 工作原理

    +

    Validium 选择将 layer 2 的交易数据放在链下，因而比 rollup 架构有着更高的扩展性。验证计算方面，Validium 不像 Plasma 依托诈欺证明，而是采用零知识证明。如先前在讨论 zkRollup 时提到的，这样做会导致 Validium 在目前的应用部署，只能局限于特定目的（普适性低），比如 StarkEx 就是面向去中心化交易所的方案。

    +

    但这些权衡使得 Validium 在某些方面优于 Plasma 。在主网进行零知识证明验证能避免执行者提供无效状态，也能降低执行者不公开数据造成的后果。举例来说，想要勾结执行者，让状态错误地转变为 “把他人的钱转到自己账户” 是不可能办到的；因此 Validium 不需要在协议中设计 “大量资金退出” 激励博弈，也不需要延长资金从 layer 2 退出的时间。

    +

    正如其他研究者指出的，零知识证明并不是解决数据可用性问题的万灵丹：比如（恶意）执行者修改自己所控制的账户的状态是没有问题的，然后积压关于这些交易的数据，这会导致某些用户想退出资金时，无法提供 Merkle proof 。

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    有没有一种方法可以阻止Validium中的数据保留攻击？从2016年提出Plasma概念以来，这个问题就被大家讨论。同时，zkRollup也是在这一研究结果上诞生出来的。Non-rollup试图无须信任地确保数据可用性，这将导致失去Validium的大部分竞争优势。

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    尽管不能完全解决问题，但StarkEx通过引入许可的数据可用性委员会（DAC）来缓解这一情况。

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    DAC必须通过其委员会成员的法定人数签署对状态的每次更新，以此来确认它已经接收到数据。在StarkEx中，DAC由8位参与者组成（添加太多成员会不利于系统的活性）。它们都是在已建立的法律管辖区中众所周知的富有声望的组织。对他们来说，几乎不太可能去尝试滥用其权力。这就是其构建的逻辑。

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    矛盾的是，众所周知、富有声望、且处在强大国家的司法管辖区正是让它们变得脆弱的原因。一种可能的麻烦情况是：运营者要求执行KYC/AML法规，并有义务冻结（可能是永远）交易记录超过1万美元的账户的所有资金。

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    随着研究的深入，StarkEx实施了“验证者合约升级”机制，它允许运营者立即将新项添加到链上的验证者合约。它不能使任何旧的逻辑失效，例如，你不能删除用户签名检查。相反，它允许增加其他约束（就Solidity而言，你可以将约束视为 require()语句）。这是很好的安全功能：如果在StarkEx的STARK circuit逻辑中发现任何缺失的约束，则可以快速修复它，同时不引入新的漏洞。但是，这一功能可以用作为隐藏的审查后门。简言之，StarkEx运营者始终可以部署合约逻辑的扩展，这样就存在引入黑名单的扩展可能，而无须事先警告用户。

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    从其文档中还无法完全弄清楚这一点，但是看上去执行新规则似乎并不需要得到DAC（蓝狐笔记：数据可用性委员会）的同意。如果你将StarkEX看作为完全去中心化的交易协议，那么这没有多大意义。想象一下如果Vitalik Buterin拥有一个开关可以即时冻结任何以太坊账户，那会是什么结果？另外，如果你将StarkEX看作为加密交易所安全功能的增强（其创建者应该这么做），则它就有意义了。StarkEX Validium的运营者能没收用户的资金让我们扩展思想试验。不管出于何种假想原因（很可能是由于运营者无法掌控的原因），很多用户的资产已被冻结。那么，用户在StarkEx的资金也可以被没收吗？事实上，它是可能的。跟其他很多加密项目一样，StarkEx实现了最新的升级机制。在部署新版本之前，会提前28天通知用户，任何人只要不喜欢都可以提取退出。除了那些资金被冻结的人。可以在合约上部署新逻辑，这样在宽限期结束后，通过新逻辑可以将冻结资金转移由指定方保管。不幸的是，受影响的用户对此毫无办法。还存在一些合理担心，升级提醒周期可能并不足以让每位不同意改变的用户退出（所谓的“大量退出”场景）。但，这个问题是通用的合约升级问题，并非Validium独有的问题。贾斯汀·德雷克描述了对Validium的加密经济攻击在后续的讨论中，贾斯汀·德雷克指出数据可用性可能会导致意外的攻击向量：如果DAC（数据可用性委员会）的法定人数的签名密钥遭到破坏（考虑到这些密钥保持在线状态，这让它们很难保证完全安全），攻击者可以将Validium转换为只有他们知道的状态，从而冻结所有资产，然后要求解锁资产的赎金。

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    理论上讲，合约升级机制可以减轻此类攻击。Validium的运营者可以启动新版本的部署，并在28天的升级通知期后，将状态恢复为最新的已知版本。这将是为期一个月的资本锁定，这当然有很大的成本，但是如果DAC拒绝谈判，攻击者将得不到一分钱。但是，事实证明，攻击者有一种方法可以迫使运营者在丢失所有和允许攻击者进行双花之间做决定。可以通过如下例子说明：想象一下，你可以按照某种方式对ATM进行黑客攻击，以在提款完成后擦除整个银行数据库。你只能从自己的账户中提款，但当数据库消失时，操作的详细信息也将丢失。银行员工可以在一个月内完成复杂的数据库恢复过程。但是，既然他们无法知道是谁提了款，因此通过返回上个检查点，他们还将恢复你已提过款的余额。（蓝狐笔记：也就是攻击者可以通过操作自己的账户，实现双花攻击）当然，这个双花攻击将仅限于攻击者的账户余额。但是，构建无须信任的合约并从匿名鲸鱼那里借入必要的资产并不是难事。在zkRollup中数据可用性保护了用户的资产免遭扣押、审查和黑客攻击，但其吞吐量有所降低。

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    对于zkrollup用户来说，rollup的状态是可用的，只要有一个以太坊全节点在线。它是这样工作的：对于每个zkRollup区块，必须将重建状态变化所需的信息作为以太坊交易的调用数据提交，否则zkRollup智能合约将拒绝进行状态转换。zkRollups上的状态更改将导致每笔交易的gas成本较低，这个成本随着交易数量呈线性增长。借助手头的Merkle树数据，被审查的用户始终可以直接从主网上的zkRollup合约中索取其资金。他们需要做的是提供其账号上的Merkle所有权证明。因此，链上的数据可用性可以确保没有人（包括zkRollup运营者）能够冻结或捕获用户资金。

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    数据可用性的链上存储导致吞吐量受到限制，zkRollup在如今的以太坊上有2000tps的上限，而StarkEx Validium声称可以达到9000tps。这种差异可能会导致在确定选择两者技术在应用领域和用例方面变得关键。例如zkRollup非常适合于扩展去中心化的加密支付（VISA在全球平均的tps为2000），以及那些对无须信任有严格要求的不可篡改的智能合约；而对于Validium来说，它可能更适合于传统的高频交易或具有较低信任假设的好游戏。

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    结论已经证明zkRollups和Validium（StarkEX）在工作方式上相对相似，但其主要区别在于数据是在链上还是链下可用。这对于理解它们以及在什么场景使用它们至关重要。这种差异也意味着，尽管zkRollup是完全无须许可的去中心化扩展协议，不过Validium展示了托管性的PoA系统的更多属性（不管是吞吐量还是风险特征），尽管其安全性已经得到极大提高。两者技术发展都在减轻对信任的需求，并为用户提供更多对其资产的控制权，都是朝赋予个人更多能力的方向发展，为了取得进展，我们总是需要作出权衡取舍。不过，在加密社区中，越来越多的共识是技术已经过了“不要作恶”的阶段，而进入了“无法作恶”的阶段。我们可以通过自我托管、抗审查性、隐私以及消除单点故障来达成目的。这些想法构成了我们正在为之奋斗的系统的基本价值。

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    第十七章：Zk Rollup 代表项目 zk sync

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    一. zkSync 简介

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    zkSync 是第 2 层扩展解决方案，提供比以太坊主区块链（第 1 层）更便宜、更快的交易。第 2 层解决方案将大部分活动从第 1 层移开，同时仍继承其安全性和确定性。

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    zkSync是一种无需信任的协议，用于在以太坊上进行可扩展的低成本支付， 底层技术方案为 zkRollup。它使用零知识证明和链上数据可用性来保证用户的资金安全，就好像他们从未离开过主网一样。

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    二. zkSync 的优势

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    • 低 gas：高达 L1 gas 的 1/100，并且比使用乐观汇总更便宜
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    • 高速：每秒 2000+ 个事务 (tps)，​​而 L1 上的 14tps
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    • 安全性：由以太坊主区块链保护
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    • 无延迟传输：毫不费力地在 L1 和第 2 层之间移动您的加密货币，没有延迟
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    • 审查阻力：您可以随时将资产移回 L1
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    三. zkSync 是如何工作的

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    zkSync 是一组称为汇总的第 2 层解决方案的一部分。更具体地说，zkSync 是一个 ZK 汇总。（ZK 代表零知识，这是一个加密术语，表示一方能够向另一方证明某事是真实的，而无需透露任何其他信息。）

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    有关 zk Rollup 的信息，请参阅我们以前的文章。

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    在桥实现上，zkSync 和 Arbitrum 相比，主要的区别在于 Withdraw 时，对交易的验证采用了基于零知识证明的有效证明，而非欺诈证明，其基本步骤为：

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    1. L2—>L1

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    用户在 L2 发起 Withdraw 交易：将交易数据编码为字节串，并使用正确的 zkSync 私钥对该字节串进行签名，并为交易描述生成 Ethereum 签名或提供 EIP-1712 签名，通过相应 JSON RPC 方法发送交易 +发送交易到 L1：交易进入 zkSync operator 创建的区块，并发布到 L1 上的 zkSync 智能合约中 +对区块进行验证：若干分钟后，证明该区块正确性的 ZK proof 将生成，该 proof 会通过一个验证交易发布到 L1 上，直到这个验证交易完成，Withdraw 交易完成

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    可以发现，在退出时间上，zk Rollup 方案明显优于 Optimistic Rollup 方案，但由于 zk Rollup 要实现完全兼容 EVM 尚需时日，所以预计 Optimistic Rollup 仍然会成为前期主流 L2 方案。也正因此，利用第三方桥来解决 Optimistic Rollup 退出期太长的问题，来带给用户更好的使用体验，成为一些团队努力的目标。

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    四. zkSync2.0

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    zkSync 2.0 的外观和感觉都像以太坊，但费用较低。就像在以太坊上一样，智能合约是用 Solidity/Vyper 编写的，并且可以使用与其他 EVM 兼容链相同的客户端来调用。

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    无需注册单独的私钥即可使用 zkSync。现有的以太坊钱包开箱即用。

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    参考资料 +zksync 用户文档 +zksync 开发者文档 +zksync 2.0

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