diff --git a/benchmark/pb_benchmark.cpp b/benchmark/pb_benchmark.cpp
index fe95ef6a..c73a34b0 100644
--- a/benchmark/pb_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/pb_benchmark.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ class ScopedTimer {
 
 void bench(int Count) {
   // init the benchmark data
-  stpb::BaseTypeMsg base_type_st{{},
-                                 std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max(),
+  stpb::BaseTypeMsg base_type_st{std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max(),
                                  std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(),
                                  std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(),
                                  std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(),
@@ -41,8 +40,7 @@ void bench(int Count) {
   pb::BaseTypeMsg base_type_msg;
   SetBaseTypeMsg(base_type_st, base_type_msg);
 
-  stpb::IguanaTypeMsg iguana_type_st{{},
-                                     {std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()},
+  stpb::IguanaTypeMsg iguana_type_st{{std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max()},
                                      {std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()},
                                      {std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()},
                                      {std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()},
@@ -52,7 +50,6 @@ void bench(int Count) {
   SetIguanaTypeMsg(iguana_type_st, iguana_type_msg);
 
   stpb::RepeatBaseTypeMsg re_base_type_st{
-      {},
       {std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(),
        std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::min()},
       {std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(),
@@ -69,30 +66,23 @@ void bench(int Count) {
   SetRepeatBaseTypeMsg(re_base_type_st, re_base_type_msg);
 
   stpb::RepeatIguanaTypeMsg re_iguana_type_st{
-      {},
-      {{0}, {1}, {3}},
-      {{4}, {5}, {6}},
-      {{7}, {8}, {9}},
-      {{10}, {11}, {12}},
-      {{13}, {14}, {15}},
-      {},
+      {{0}, {1}, {3}},    {{4}, {5}, {6}},    {{7}, {8}, {9}},
+      {{10}, {11}, {12}}, {{13}, {14}, {15}}, {},
   };
   pb::RepeatIguanaTypeMsg re_iguana_type_msg;
   SetRepeatIguanaTypeMsg(re_iguana_type_st, re_iguana_type_msg);
 
   stpb::NestedMsg nest_st{
-      {},
       /* base_msg */
-      {{}, 100, 200, 300, 400, 31.4f, 62.8, false, "World", stpb::Enum::BAZ},
+      {100, 200, 300, 400, 31.4f, 62.8, false, "World", stpb::Enum::BAZ},
       /* repeat_base_msg */
-      {{{}, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5f, 6.6, true, "Hello", stpb::Enum::FOO},
-       {{}, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.11f, 12.12, false, "Hi", stpb::Enum::BAR}},
-      /* iguana_type_msg */ {{}, {100}, {200}, {300}, {400}, {31}, {32}},
+      {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5f, 6.6, true, "Hello", stpb::Enum::FOO},
+       {7, 8, 9, 10, 11.11f, 12.12, false, "Hi", stpb::Enum::BAR}},
+      /* iguana_type_msg */ {{100}, {200}, {300}, {400}, {31}, {32}},
       /* repeat_iguna_msg */
-      {{}, {{1}, {2}, {3}}, {{4}, {5}, {6}}, {{7}, {8}, {9}}},
+      {{{1}, {2}, {3}}, {{4}, {5}, {6}}, {{7}, {8}, {9}}},
       /* repeat_repeat_base_msg */
-      {{{},
-        {1, 2, 3},
+      {{{1, 2, 3},
         {4, 5, 6},
         {7, 8, 9},
         {10, 11, 12},
@@ -100,8 +90,7 @@ void bench(int Count) {
         {16.4, 17.5, 18.6},
         {"a", "b", "c"},
         {stpb::Enum::FOO, stpb::Enum::BAR, stpb::Enum::BAZ}},
-       {{},
-        {19, 20, 21},
+       {{19, 20, 21},
         {22, 23, 24},
         {25, 26, 27},
         {28, 29, 30},
@@ -117,13 +106,12 @@ void bench(int Count) {
   map_st.sfix64_str_map.emplace(iguana::sfixed64_t{20}, "twenty");
 
   map_st.str_iguana_type_msg_map.emplace(
-      "first", stpb::IguanaTypeMsg{{}, {10}, {20}, {30}, {40}, {50}, {60}});
+      "first", stpb::IguanaTypeMsg{{10}, {20}, {30}, {40}, {50}, {60}});
   map_st.str_iguana_type_msg_map.emplace(
-      "second", stpb::IguanaTypeMsg{{}, {11}, {21}, {31}, {41}, {51}, {61}});
+      "second", stpb::IguanaTypeMsg{{11}, {21}, {31}, {41}, {51}, {61}});
 
   map_st.int_repeat_base_msg_map.emplace(
-      1, stpb::RepeatBaseTypeMsg{{},
-                                 {1, 2},
+      1, stpb::RepeatBaseTypeMsg{{1, 2},
                                  {3, 4},
                                  {5, 6},
                                  {7, 8},
@@ -132,8 +120,7 @@ void bench(int Count) {
                                  {"one", "two"},
                                  {stpb::Enum::FOO, stpb::Enum::BAR}});
   map_st.int_repeat_base_msg_map.emplace(
-      2, stpb::RepeatBaseTypeMsg{{},
-                                 {2, 3},
+      2, stpb::RepeatBaseTypeMsg{{2, 3},
                                  {4, 5},
                                  {6, 7},
                                  {8, 9},
@@ -144,9 +131,9 @@ void bench(int Count) {
   pb::MapMsg map_msg{};
   SetMapMsg(map_st, map_msg);
 
-  stpb::BaseTypeMsg baseTypeMsg{{},    100,  200,   300,     400,
-                                31.4f, 62.8, false, "World", stpb::Enum::BAZ};
-  stpb::BaseOneofMsg base_one_of_st{{}, 123, baseTypeMsg, 456.78};
+  stpb::BaseTypeMsg baseTypeMsg{
+      100, 200, 300, 400, 31.4f, 62.8, false, "World", stpb::Enum::BAZ};
+  stpb::BaseOneofMsg base_one_of_st{123, baseTypeMsg, 456.78};
   pb::BaseOneofMsg base_one_of_msg;
   SetBaseOneofMsg(base_one_of_st, base_one_of_msg);
 
@@ -319,12 +306,10 @@ void bench2(int Count) {
   std::string pb_str;
   pb_simple.SerializeToString(&pb_str);
 
-  stpb::simple_t simple{0,
-                        std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max(),
+  stpb::simple_t simple{std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max(),
                         std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max(),
                         std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(),
-                        std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(),
-                        temp};
+                        std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(), temp};
   std::string sp_str;
   iguana::to_pb(simple, sp_str);
 
@@ -405,7 +390,7 @@ void bench3(int Count) {
 }
 
 void bench4(int Count) {
-  stpb::bench_int32 st_num{0, 10, 20, 31, 42};
+  stpb::bench_int32 st_num{10, 20, 31, 42};
   mygame::bench_int32 pb_num;
   pb_num.set_a(10);
   pb_num.set_b(20);