Test provider binaries for publishing

[danielrbradley]

Use the provider binary from the build_provider workflow when running tests rather than building a throw-away binary in pre-requisites.

It might be helpful to call go generate as part of the provider build to avoid requiring a dependency on the prerequisites job. We only need the version calculated before we can build the provider binary as the schema is already committed. We can verify that the committed schema is up to date in a standalone job.