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ocropus-nlbin
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ocropus-nlbin
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#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import argparse
import os
import multiprocessing
import sys
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.ndimage import filters,interpolation,morphology,measurements
from scipy import stats
import ocrolib
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("""
Image binarization using non-linear processing.
This is a compute-intensive binarization method that works on degraded
and historical book pages.
""")
parser.add_argument('-n','--nocheck',action="store_true",
help="disable error checking on inputs")
parser.add_argument('-t','--threshold',type=float,default=0.5,help='threshold, determines lightness, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-z','--zoom',type=float,default=0.5,help='zoom for page background estimation, smaller=faster, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-e','--escale',type=float,default=1.0,help='scale for estimating a mask over the text region, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-b','--bignore',type=float,default=0.1,help='ignore this much of the border for threshold estimation, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-p','--perc',type=float,default=80,help='percentage for filters, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-r','--range',type=int,default=20,help='range for filters, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-m','--maxskew',type=float,default=2,help='skew angle estimation parameters (degrees), default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-g','--gray',action='store_true',help='force grayscale processing even if image seems binary')
parser.add_argument('--lo',type=float,default=5,help='percentile for black estimation, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('--hi',type=float,default=90,help='percentile for white estimation, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('--skewsteps',type=int,default=8,help='steps for skew angle estimation (per degree), default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('--debug',type=float,default=0,help='display intermediate results, default: %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('--show',action='store_true',help='display final result')
parser.add_argument('--rawcopy',action='store_true',help='also copy the raw image')
parser.add_argument('-o','--output',default=None,help="output directory")
parser.add_argument('files',nargs='+')
parser.add_argument('-Q','--parallel',type=int,default=0)
args = parser.parse_args()
args.files = ocrolib.glob_all(args.files)
if len(args.files)<1:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(0)
def print_info(*objs):
print("INFO: ", *objs, file=sys.stdout)
def print_error(*objs):
print("ERROR: ", *objs, file=sys.stderr)
def check_page(image):
if len(image.shape)==3: return "input image is color image %s"%(image.shape,)
if np.mean(image)<np.median(image): return "image may be inverted"
h,w = image.shape
if h<600: return "image not tall enough for a page image %s"%(image.shape,)
if h>10000: return "image too tall for a page image %s"%(image.shape,)
if w<600: return "image too narrow for a page image %s"%(image.shape,)
if w>10000: return "line too wide for a page image %s"%(image.shape,)
return None
def estimate_skew_angle(image,angles):
estimates = []
for a in angles:
v = np.mean(interpolation.rotate(image,a,order=0,mode='constant'),axis=1)
v = np.var(v)
estimates.append((v,a))
if args.debug>0:
plt.plot([y for x,y in estimates],[x for x,y in estimates])
plt.ginput(1,args.debug)
_,a = max(estimates)
return a
def H(s): return s[0].stop-s[0].start
def W(s): return s[1].stop-s[1].start
def A(s): return W(s)*H(s)
def dshow(image,info):
if args.debug<=0: return
plt.ion()
plt.gray()
plt.imshow(image)
plt.title(info)
plt.ginput(1,args.debug)
def normalize_raw_image(raw):
''' perform image normalization '''
image = raw-np.amin(raw)
if np.amax(image)==np.amin(image):
print_info("# image is empty: %s" % (fname))
return None
image /= np.amax(image)
return image
def estimate_local_whitelevel(image, zoom=0.5, perc=80, range=20, debug=0):
'''flatten it by estimating the local whitelevel
zoom for page background estimation, smaller=faster, default: %(default)s
percentage for filters, default: %(default)s
range for filters, default: %(default)s
'''
m = interpolation.zoom(image,zoom)
m = filters.percentile_filter(m,perc,size=(range,2))
m = filters.percentile_filter(m,perc,size=(2,range))
m = interpolation.zoom(m,1.0/zoom)
if debug>0:
plt.clf()
plt.imshow(m,vmin=0,vmax=1)
plt.ginput(1,debug)
w,h = np.minimum(np.array(image.shape),np.array(m.shape))
flat = np.clip(image[:w,:h]-m[:w,:h]+1,0,1)
if debug>0:
plt.clf()
plt.imshow(flat,vmin=0,vmax=1)
plt.ginput(1,debug)
return flat
def estimate_skew(flat, bignore=0.1, maxskew=2, skewsteps=8):
''' estimate skew angle and rotate'''
d0,d1 = flat.shape
o0,o1 = int(bignore*d0),int(bignore*d1) # border ignore
flat = np.amax(flat)-flat
flat -= np.amin(flat)
est = flat[o0:d0-o0,o1:d1-o1]
ma = maxskew
ms = int(2*maxskew*skewsteps)
# print(linspace(-ma,ma,ms+1))
angle = estimate_skew_angle(est,np.linspace(-ma,ma,ms+1))
flat = interpolation.rotate(flat,angle,mode='constant',reshape=0)
flat = np.amax(flat)-flat
return flat, angle
def estimate_thresholds(flat, bignore=0.1, escale=1.0, lo=5, hi=90, debug=0):
'''# estimate low and high thresholds
ignore this much of the border for threshold estimation, default: %(default)s
scale for estimating a mask over the text region, default: %(default)s
lo percentile for black estimation, default: %(default)s
hi percentile for white estimation, default: %(default)s
'''
d0,d1 = flat.shape
o0,o1 = int(bignore*d0),int(bignore*d1)
est = flat[o0:d0-o0,o1:d1-o1]
if escale>0:
# by default, we use only regions that contain
# significant variance; this makes the percentile
# based low and high estimates more reliable
e = escale
v = est-filters.gaussian_filter(est,e*20.0)
v = filters.gaussian_filter(v**2,e*20.0)**0.5
v = (v>0.3*np.amax(v))
v = morphology.binary_dilation(v,structure=np.ones((int(e*50),1)))
v = morphology.binary_dilation(v,structure=np.ones((1,int(e*50))))
if debug>0:
plt.imshow(v)
plt.ginput(1,debug)
est = est[v]
lo = stats.scoreatpercentile(est.ravel(),lo)
hi = stats.scoreatpercentile(est.ravel(),hi)
return lo, hi
def process1(job):
fname,i = job
print_info("# %s" % (fname))
if args.parallel<2: print_info("=== %s %-3d" % (fname, i))
raw = ocrolib.read_image_gray(fname)
dshow(raw,"input")
# perform image normalization
image = normalize_raw_image(raw)
if not args.nocheck:
check = check_page(np.amax(image)-image)
if check is not None:
print_error(fname+"SKIPPED"+check+"(use -n to disable this check)")
return
# check whether the image is already effectively binarized
if args.gray:
extreme = 0
else:
extreme = (np.sum(image<0.05)+np.sum(image>0.95))*1.0/np.prod(image.shape)
if extreme>0.95:
comment = "no-normalization"
flat = image
else:
comment = ""
# if not, we need to flatten it by estimating the local whitelevel
if args.parallel<2: print_info("flattening")
flat = estimate_local_whitelevel(image, args.zoom, args.perc, args.range, args.debug)
# estimate skew angle and rotate
if args.maxskew>0:
if args.parallel<2: print_info("estimating skew angle")
flat, angle = estimate_skew(flat, args.bignore, args.maxskew, args.skewsteps)
else:
angle = 0
# estimate low and high thresholds
if args.parallel<2: print_info("estimating thresholds")
lo, hi = estimate_thresholds(flat, args.bignore, args.escale, args.lo, args.hi, args.debug)
# rescale the image to get the gray scale image
if args.parallel<2: print_info("rescaling")
flat -= lo
flat /= (hi-lo)
flat = np.clip(flat,0,1)
if args.debug>0:
plt.imshow(flat,vmin=0,vmax=1)
plt.ginput(1,args.debug)
bin = 1*(flat>args.threshold)
# output the normalized grayscale and the thresholded images
print_info("%s lo-hi (%.2f %.2f) angle %4.1f %s" % (fname, lo, hi, angle, comment))
if args.parallel<2: print_info("writing")
if args.debug>0 or args.show:
plt.clf()
plt.gray()
plt.imshow(bin)
plt.ginput(1,max(0.1,args.debug))
if args.output:
if args.rawcopy: ocrolib.write_image_gray(args.output+"/%04d.raw.png"%i,raw)
ocrolib.write_image_binary(args.output+"/%04d.bin.png"%i,bin)
ocrolib.write_image_gray(args.output+"/%04d.nrm.png"%i,flat)
else:
base,_ = ocrolib.allsplitext(fname)
ocrolib.write_image_binary(base+".bin.png",bin)
ocrolib.write_image_gray(base+".nrm.png",flat)
if args.debug>0 or args.show>0: args.parallel = 0
if args.output:
if not os.path.exists(args.output):
os.mkdir(args.output)
if args.parallel<2:
for i,f in enumerate(args.files):
process1((f,i+1))
else:
pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=args.parallel)
jobs = []
for i,f in enumerate(args.files): jobs += [(f,i+1)]
result = pool.map(process1,jobs)