title: "OAuth 2.0 Attestation-Based Client Authentication" category: info

docname: draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth-latest submissiontype: IETF # also: "IETF", "IAB", or "IRTF" number: date: v: 3 venue: group: "oauth-wg/draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth" latest: "https://oauth-wg.github.io/draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth/draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth.html"

author:

fullname: Tobias Looker
organization: MATTR
email: tobias.looker@mattr.global

fullname: Paul Bastian email: paul.bastian@bdr.de
fullname: Christian Bormann organization: Robert Bosch GmbH email: chris.bormann@gmx.de

normative: RFC3986: RFC3986 RFC7591: RFC7591 RFC7519: RFC7519 RFC7800: RFC7800 RFC8414: RFC8414 RFC8725: RFC8725 RFC9110: RFC9110 RFC9112: RFC9112 IANA.HTTP.Fields: author: org: "IANA" title: "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Field Name Registry" target: "https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-fields/http-fields.xhtml" informative: RFC6749: RFC6749 RFC9334: RFC9334 RFC7523: RFC7523 ARF: title: "The European Digital Identity Wallet Architecture and Reference Framework" SD-JWT: I-D.ietf-oauth-selective-disclosure-jwt

--- abstract

This specification defines an extension to the OAuth 2 protocol as defined in {{RFC6749}} which enables a Client Instance to include a key-bound attestation in interactions with an Authorization Server or a Resource Server. This new method enables Client Instances involved in a client deployment that is traditionally viewed as a public client, to be able to utilize this key-bound attestation to authenticate.

--- middle

Introduction

The following diagram depicts the overall architecture and protocol flow.

                    (3)
                 +-------+
                 |       |
                 |      \ /
             +---------------+
             |               |
             |    Client     |
             |    Backend    |
             |               |
             +---------------+
                / \      |
            (2)  |       |  (4)
                 |      \ /
             +---------------+           +---------------+
      +----->|               |           |               |
  (1) |      |    Client     |    (6)    | Authorization |
      |      |   Instance    |<--------->|    Server     |
      +------|               |           |               |
             +---------------+           +---------------+
                / \      |
                 |       |
                 +-------+
                    (5)

The following steps describe this OAuth flow:

(1) The Client Instance generates a key (Client Instance Key) and optional further attestations (that are out of scope) to prove its authenticity to the Client Backend.

(2) The Client Instance sends this data to the Client Backend in request for a Client Attestation JWT.

(3) The Client Backend validates the Client Instance Key and optional further data. It generates a signed Client Attestation JWT that is cryptographically bound to the Client Instance Key generated by the Client. Therefore, the attestation is bound to this particular Client Instance.

(4) The Client Backend responds to the Client Instance by sending the Client Attestation JWT.

(5) The Client Instance generates a Proof of Possession (PoP) with the Client Instance Key.

(6) The Client Instance sends both the Client Attestation JWT and the Client Attestation PoP JWT to the authorization server, e.g. within a token request. The authorization server validates the Client Attestation and thus authenticates the Client Instance.

Please note that the protocol details for steps (2) and (4), particularly how the Client Instance authenticates to the client Backend, are beyond the scope of this specification. Furthermore, this specification is designed to be flexible and can be implemented even in scenarios where the client does not have a backend server. In such cases, each Client Instance is responsible for performing the functions typically handled by the backend on its own.

This approach acknowledges the evolving landscape of OAuth 2 deployments, where the ability for public clients to authenticate securely and reliably has become increasingly important.

Conventions and Definitions

{::boilerplate bcp14-tagged}

Terminology

Client Attestation JWT: : A JSON Web Token (JWT) generated by the client backend which is bound to a key managed by a Client Instance which can then be used by the instance for client authentication.

Client Attestation Proof of Possession (PoP) JWT: : A Proof of Possession generated by the Client Instance using the key that the Client Attestation JWT is bound to.

Client Instance: : A deployed instance of a piece of client software.

Client Instance Key: : A cryptographic asymmetric key pair that is generated by the Client Instance where the public key of the key pair is provided to the client backend. This public key is then encapsulated within the Client Attestation JWT and is utilized to sign the Client Attestation Proof of Possession.

Relation to RATS

The Remote Attestation Procedures (RATS) architecture defined by {{RFC9334}} has some commonalities to this document. The flow specified in this specification relates to the "Passport Model" in RATS. However, while the RATS ecosystem gives explicit methods and values how the RATS Attester proves itself to the Verifier, this is deliberately out of scope for Attestation-Based Client Authentication. Additionally, the terminology between RATS and OAuth is different:

a RATS "Attester" relates to an OAuth "Client"
a RATS "Relying Party" relates to an OAuth "Authorization Server or Resource Server"
a RATS "Verifier" relates to the "Client Backend" defined in this specification
a RATS "Attestion Result" relates to the "Client Attestation JWT" defined by this specification
a RATS "Endorser", "Reference Value Provider", "Endorsement", "Evidence" and "Policies and Reference Values" are out of scope for this specification

Client Attestation Format

This draft introduces the concept of client attestations to the OAuth 2 protocol, using two JWTs: a Client Attestation and a Client Attestation Proof of Possession (PoP). The primary purpose of these JWTs is to authenticate the Client Instance. These JWTs can be transmitted via HTTP headers in an HTTP request (as described in ) from a Client Instance to an Authorization Server or Resource Server, or via a concatenated serialization (as described in ) to enable usage outside of the traditional OAuth2 ecosystem .

Client Attestation JWT {#client-attestation-jwt}

The Client Attestation MUST be encoded as a "JSON Web Token (JWT)" according to {{RFC7519}}.

The following content applies to the JWT Header:

typ: REQUIRED. The JWT type MUST be oauth-client-attestation+jwt.

The following content applies to the JWT Claims Set:

iss: REQUIRED. The iss (subject) claim MUST contains a unique identifier for the entity that issued the JWT. In the absence of an application profile specifying otherwise, compliant applications MUST compare issuer values using the Simple String Comparison method defined in Section 6.2.1 of {{RFC3986}}.
sub: REQUIRED. The sub (subject) claim MUST specify client_id value of the OAuth Client.
exp: REQUIRED. The exp (expiration time) claim MUST specify the time at which the Client Attestation is considered expired by its issuer. The authorization server MUST reject any JWT with an expiration time that has passed, subject to allowable clock skew between systems.
cnf: REQUIRED. The cnf (confirmation) claim MUST specify a key conforming to {{RFC7800}} that is used by the Client Instance to generate the Client Attestation PoP JWT for client authentication with an authorization server. The key MUST be expressed using the "jwk" representation.
iat: OPTIONAL. The iat (issued at) claim MUST specify the time at which the Client Attestation was issued.
nbf: OPTIONAL. The nbf (not before) claim MUST specify the time before which the Client Attestation MUST NOT be accepted for processing.

The following additional rules apply:

The JWT MAY contain other claims. All claims that are not understood by implementations MUST be ignored.
The JWT MUST be digitally signed using an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. The authorization server MUST reject the JWT if it is using a Message Authentication Code (MAC) based algorithm. The authorization server MUST reject JWTs with an invalid signature.
The authorization server MUST reject a JWT that is not valid in all other respects per "JSON Web Token (JWT)" {{RFC7519}}.

The following example is the decoded header and payload of a JWT meeting the processing rules as defined above.

{
  "typ": "oauth-client-attestation+jwt"
  "alg": "ES256",
  "kid": "11"
}
.
{
  "iss": "https://client.example.com",
  "sub": "https://client.example.com",
  "nbf":1300815780,
  "exp":1300819380,
  "cnf": {
    "jwk": {
      "kty": "EC",
      "use": "sig",
      "crv": "P-256",
      "x": "18wHLeIgW9wVN6VD1Txgpqy2LszYkMf6J8njVAibvhM",
      "y": "-V4dS4UaLMgP_4fY4j8ir7cl1TXlFdAgcx55o7TkcSA"
    }
  }
}

Client Attestation PoP JWT {#client-attestation-pop-jwt}

The Client Attestation PoP MUST be encoded as a "JSON Web Token (JWT)" according to {{RFC7519}}.

The following content applies to the JWT Header:

typ: REQUIRED. The JWT type MUST be oauth-client-attestation-pop+jwt.

The following content applies to the JWT Claims Set:

iss: REQUIRED. The iss (subject) claim MUST specify client_id value of the OAuth Client.
exp: REQUIRED. The exp (expiration time) claim MUST specify the time at which the Client Attestation PoP is considered expired. The authorization server MUST reject any JWT with an expiration time that has passed, subject to allowable clock skew between systems. Note that the authorization server may reject JWTs with an "exp" claim value that is unreasonably far in the future.
aud: REQUIRED. The aud (audience) claim MUST specify a value that identifies the authorization server as an intended audience. The {{RFC8414}} issuer identifier URL of the authorization server MUST be used as a value for an "aud" element to identify the authorization server as the intended audience of the JWT.
jti: REQUIRED. The jti (JWT identifier) claim MUST specify a unique identifier for the Client Attestation PoP. The authorization server MAY ensure that JWTs are not replayed by maintaining the set of used "jti" values for the length of time for which the JWT would be considered valid based on the applicable "exp" instant.
nonce: OPTIONAL. The nonce (nonce) claim MUST specify a String value that is provided by the authorization server to associate the Client Attestation PoP JWT with a particular transaction and prevent replay attacks.
iat: OPTIONAL. The iat (issued at) claim MUST specify the time at which the Client Attestation PoP was issued. Note that the authorization server may reject JWTs with an "iat" claim value that is unreasonably far in the past.
nbf: OPTIONAL. The nbf (not before) claim MUST specify the time before which the Client Attestation PoP MUST NOT be accepted for processing.

The following additional rules apply:

The JWT MAY contain other claims. All claims that are not understood by implementations MUST be ignored.
The JWT MUST be digitally signed using an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. The authorization server MUST reject the JWT if it is using a Message Authentication Code (MAC) based algorithm. The authorization server MUST reject JWTs with an invalid signature.
The public key used to verify the JWT MUST be the key located in the "cnf" claim of the corresponding Client Attestation JWT.
The Authorization Server MUST reject a JWT that is not valid in all other respects per "JSON Web Token (JWT)" {{RFC7519}}.

The following example is the decoded header and payload of a JWT meeting the processing rules as defined above.

{
  "typ": "oauth-client-attestation-pop",
  "alg": "ES256"
}
.
{
  "iss": "https://client.example.com",
  "aud": "https://as.example.com",
  "nbf":1300815780,
  "exp":1300819380,
  "jti": "d25d00ab-552b-46fc-ae19-98f440f25064",
  "nonce" : "5c1a9e10-29ff-4c2b-ae73-57c0957c09c4"
}

Client Attestation using a Header based syntax

The following section defines how a Client Attestation can be provided in an HTTP request using HTTP headers.

Client Attestation HTTP Headers {#headers}

A Client Attestation JWT and Client Attestation PoP JWT can be included in an HTTP request using the following request header fields.

OAuth-Client-Attestation: : A JWT that conforms to the structure and syntax as defined in

OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP: : A JWT that adheres to the structure and syntax as defined in

The following is an example of the OAuth-Client-Attestation header.

OAuth-Client-Attestation: eyJhbGciOiAiRVMyNTYiLCJraWQiOiAiMTEifQ.eyJ\
pc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2NsaWVudC5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSIsInN1YiI6Imh0dHBzOi8vY2x\
pZW50LmV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwibmJmIjoxMzAwODE1NzgwLCJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODA\
sImNuZiI6eyJqd2siOnsia3R5IjoiRUMiLCJ1c2UiOiJzaWciLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiI\
sIngiOiIxOHdITGVJZ1c5d1ZONlZEMVR4Z3BxeTJMc3pZa01mNko4bmpWQWlidmhNIiw\
ieSI6Ii1WNGRTNFVhTE1nUF80Zlk0ajhpcjdjbDFUWGxGZEFnY3g1NW83VGtjU0EifX1\
9.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c

The following is an example of the OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP header.

OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP: eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9.ewogICJpc3MiOiAia\
HR0cHM6Ly9jbGllbnQuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20iLAogICJhdWQiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9hcy5le\
GFtcGxlLmNvbSIsCiAgIm5iZiI6MTMwMDgxNTc4MCwKICAiZXhwIjoxMzAwODE5MzgwL\
AogICJqdGkiOiAiZDI1ZDAwYWItNTUyYi00NmZjLWFlMTktOThmNDQwZjI1MDY0IiwKI\
CAibm9uY2UiIDogIjVjMWE5ZTEwLTI5ZmYtNGMyYi1hZTczLTU3YzA5NTdjMDljNCIKf\
Q.coB_mtdXwvi9RxSMzbIey8GVVQLv9qQrBUqmc1qj9Bs

Note that per {{RFC9110}} header field names are case-insensitive; so OAUTH-CLIENT-ATTESTATION, oauth-client-attestation, etc., are all valid and equivalent header field names. Case is significant in the header field value, however.

The OAuth-Client-Attestation and OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP HTTP header field values uses the token68 syntax defined in Section 11.2 of {{RFC9110}} (repeated below for ease of reference).

OAuth-Client-Attestation       = token68
OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP   = token68
token68                        = 1*( ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." /
                                     "_" / "~" / "+" / "/" ) *"="

It is RECOMMENDED that the authorization server validate the Client Attestation JWT prior to validating the Client Attestation PoP.

Validating HTTP requests feature client attestations {#checking-http-requests-with-client-attestations}

To validate an HTTP request which contains the client attestation headers, the receiving server MUST ensure the following with regard to a received HTTP request:

There is precisely one OAuth-Client-Attestation HTTP request header field, where its value is a single well-formed JWT conforming to the syntax outlined in []{client-attestation-jwt}.
There is precisely one OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP HTTP request header field, where its value is a single well-formed JWT conforming to the syntax outlined in .
The signature of the Client Attestation PoP JWT obtained from the OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP HTTP header verifies with the Client Instance Key contained in the cnf claim of the Client Attestation JWT obtained from the OAuth-Client-Attestation HTTP header.

Client Attestation at the Token Endpoint {#token-endpoint}

While usage of the the client attestation mechanism defined by this draft can be used in a variety of different HTTP requests to different endpoints, usage within the token request as defined by {{RFC6749}} has particular additional considerations outlined below.

The Authorization Server MUST perform all of the checks outlined in for a received access token request which is making use of the client attestation mechanism as defined by this draft.

The following example demonstrates usage of the client attestation mechanism in an access token request (with extra line breaks for display purposes only):

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: as.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
OAuth-Client-Attestation: eyJhbGciOiAiRVMyNTYiLCJraWQiOiAiMTEifQ.eyJ\
pc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2NsaWVudC5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSIsInN1YiI6Imh0dHBzOi8vY2x\
pZW50LmV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwibmJmIjoxMzAwODE1NzgwLCJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODA\
sImNuZiI6eyJqd2siOnsia3R5IjoiRUMiLCJ1c2UiOiJzaWciLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiI\
sIngiOiIxOHdITGVJZ1c5d1ZONlZEMVR4Z3BxeTJMc3pZa01mNko4bmpWQWlidmhNIiw\
ieSI6Ii1WNGRTNFVhTE1nUF80Zlk0ajhpcjdjbDFUWGxGZEFnY3g1NW83VGtjU0EifX1\
9.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c
OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP: eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9.ewogICJpc3MiOiAia\
HR0cHM6Ly9jbGllbnQuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20iLAogICJhdWQiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9hcy5le\
GFtcGxlLmNvbSIsCiAgIm5iZiI6MTMwMDgxNTc4MCwKICAiZXhwIjoxMzAwODE5MzgwL\
AogICJqdGkiOiAiZDI1ZDAwYWItNTUyYi00NmZjLWFlMTktOThmNDQwZjI1MDY0IiwKI\
CAibm9uY2UiIDogIjVjMWE5ZTEwLTI5ZmYtNGMyYi1hZTczLTU3YzA5NTdjMDljNCIKf\
Q.coB_mtdXwvi9RxSMzbIey8GVVQLv9qQrBUqmc1qj9Bs

grant_type=authorization_code&
code=n0esc3NRze7LTCu7iYzS6a5acc3f0ogp4

Client Attestation at the PAR Endpoint {#par-endpoint}

A Client Attestation can be used at the PAR endpoint instead of alternative client authentication mechanisms like JWT client assertion-based authentication (as defined in Section 2.2 of [RFC7523]).

The Authorization Server MUST perform all of the checks outlined in for a received PAR request which is making use of the client attestation mechanism as defined by this draft.

The following example demonstrates usage of the client attestation mechanism in a PAR request (with extra line breaks for display purposes only):

POST /as/par HTTP/1.1
Host: as.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
OAuth-Client-Attestation: eyJhbGciOiAiRVMyNTYiLCJraWQiOiAiMTEifQ.eyJ\
pc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2NsaWVudC5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSIsInN1YiI6Imh0dHBzOi8vY2x\
pZW50LmV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwibmJmIjoxMzAwODE1NzgwLCJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODA\
sImNuZiI6eyJqd2siOnsia3R5IjoiRUMiLCJ1c2UiOiJzaWciLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiI\
sIngiOiIxOHdITGVJZ1c5d1ZONlZEMVR4Z3BxeTJMc3pZa01mNko4bmpWQWlidmhNIiw\
ieSI6Ii1WNGRTNFVhTE1nUF80Zlk0ajhpcjdjbDFUWGxGZEFnY3g1NW83VGtjU0EifX1\
9.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c
OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP: eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9.ewogICJpc3MiOiAia\
HR0cHM6Ly9jbGllbnQuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20iLAogICJhdWQiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9hcy5le\
GFtcGxlLmNvbSIsCiAgIm5iZiI6MTMwMDgxNTc4MCwKICAiZXhwIjoxMzAwODE5MzgwL\
AogICJqdGkiOiAiZDI1ZDAwYWItNTUyYi00NmZjLWFlMTktOThmNDQwZjI1MDY0IiwKI\
CAibm9uY2UiIDogIjVjMWE5ZTEwLTI5ZmYtNGMyYi1hZTczLTU3YzA5NTdjMDljNCIKf\
Q.coB_mtdXwvi9RxSMzbIey8GVVQLv9qQrBUqmc1qj9Bs

response_type=code&state=af0ifjsldkj&client_id=s6BhdRkqt3
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient.example.org%2Fcb
&code_challenge=K2-ltc83acc4h0c9w6ESC_rEMTJ3bww-uCHaoeK1t8U
&code_challenge_method=S256&scope=account-information

Concatenated Serialization for Client Attestations {#alternative-representation}

A Client Attestation according to this specification MAY be presented using an alternative representation for cases where the header-based mechanism (as introduced in introduced in does not fit the underlying protocols, e.g., for direct calls to Browser APIs. In those cases, a concatenated serialization of the Client Attestation and Client Attestation PoP can can be used.

Concatenated Serialization Format {#format-alternative}

This representation is created by concatenating Client Attestation and Client Attestation PoP separated by a tilde ('~') character:

<Client Attestation>~<Client Attestation PoP>

This form is similar to an SD-JWT+KB according to Section 5 of {{SD-JWT}} but does not include Disclosures, uses different typ values and does not include the sd_hash claim in the PoP.

This concatenated serialization form allows a the presentation of a Client Attestation and Client Attestation PoP for cases where a header-based approach is unavailable, e.g., to establish trust in a client when using a direct Browser API call.

The following is an example of such a concatenated serialization (with extra line breaks for display purposes only):

eyJhbGciOiAiRVMyNTYiLCJraWQiOiAiMTEifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2NsaWVud\
C5leGFtcGxlLmNvbSIsInN1YiI6Imh0dHBzOi8vY2xpZW50LmV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwib\
mJmIjoxMzAwODE1NzgwLCJleHAiOjEzMDA4MTkzODAsImNuZiI6eyJqd2siOnsia3R5I\
joiRUMiLCJ1c2UiOiJzaWciLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiIsIngiOiIxOHdITGVJZ1c5d1ZON\
lZEMVR4Z3BxeTJMc3pZa01mNko4bmpWQWlidmhNIiwieSI6Ii1WNGRTNFVhTE1nUF80Z\
lk0ajhpcjdjbDFUWGxGZEFnY3g1NW83VGtjU0EifX19.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJ\
f36POk6yJV_adQssw5c~eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9.ewogICJpc3MiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9\
jbGllbnQuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20iLAogICJhdWQiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9hcy5leGFtcGxlLmN\
vbSIsCiAgIm5iZiI6MTMwMDgxNTc4MCwKICAiZXhwIjoxMzAwODE5MzgwLAogICJqdGk\
iOiAiZDI1ZDAwYWItNTUyYi00NmZjLWFlMTktOThmNDQwZjI1MDY0IiwKICAibm9uY2U\
iIDogIjVjMWE5ZTEwLTI5ZmYtNGMyYi1hZTczLTU3YzA5NTdjMDljNCIKfQ.coB_mtdX\
wvi9RxSMzbIey8GVVQLv9qQrBUqmc1qj9Bs

Validating the Concatenated Serialization {#validate-alternative}

To validate a client attestation using the concatenated serialization form, the receiving server MUST ensure the following:

Before the '~' character, there exists precisely a single well-formed JWT conforming to the syntax outlined in .
After the '~' character, there exists precisely a single well-formed JWT conforming to the syntax outlined in .
The signature of the Client Attestation PoP JWT obtained after the '~~' character verifies with the Client Instance Key contained in the cnf claim of the Client Attestation JWT obtained before the '~~' character.

Implementation Considerations

Reuse of a Client Attestation JWT

Implementers should be aware that the design of this authentication mechanism deliberately allows for a Client Instance to re-use a single Client Attestation JWT in multiple interactions/requests with an Authorization Server, whilst producing a fresh Client Attestation PoP JWT. Client deployments should consider this when determining the validity period for issued Client Attestation JWTs as this ultimately controls how long a Client Instance can re-use a single Client Attestation JWT.

Refresh token binding

Authorization servers issuing a refresh token in response to a token request using the client attestation mechanism as defined by this draft MUST bind the refresh token to the Client Instance, and NOT just the client as specified in section 6 {{RFC6749}}. To prove this binding, the Client Instance MUST use the client attestation mechanism when refreshing an access token. The client MUST also use the same key that was present in the "cnf" claim of the client attestation that was used when the refresh token was issued.

Web Server Default Maximum HTTP Header Sizes

Because the Client Attestation and Client Attestation PoP are communicated using HTTP headers, implementers should consider that web servers may have a default maximum HTTP header size configured which could be too low to allow conveying a Client Attestation and or Client Attestation PoP in an HTTP request. It should be noted, that this limit is not given by the HTTP {{RFC9112}}, but instead web server implementations commonly set a default maximum size for HTTP headers. As of 2024, typical limits for modern web servers configure maximum HTTP headers as 8 kB or more as a default.

Rotation of Client Instance Key

This specification does not provide a mechanism to rotate the Client Instance Key in the Client Attestation JWT's "cnf" claim. If the Client Instance needs to use a new Client Instance Key for any reason, then it MUST request a new Client Attestation JWT from its Client Backend.

Privacy Considerations

Client Instance Tracking Across Authorization Servers

Implementers should be aware that using the same client attestation across multiple authorization servers could result in correlation of the end user using the Client Instance through claim values (including the Client Instance Key in the cnf claim). Client deployments are therefore RECOMMENDED to use different Client Attestation JWTs with different Client Instance Keys across different authorization servers.

Security Considerations

The guidance provided by {{RFC7519}} and {{RFC8725}} applies.

Replay Attack Detection

The following mechanisms exist within this client authentication method in order to allow an authorization server to detect replay attacks for presented client attestation PoPs:

The client uses "jti" (JWT ID) claims for the Client Attestation PoP JWT and the authorization server maintains a list of used (seen) "jti" values for the time of which the JWT would be considered valid based on the applicable "exp" claim. If any Client Attestation PoP JWT would be replayed, the authorization server would recognize the "jti" and respond with an authentication error.
The authorization server provides a nonce for the particular transaction and the client uses it for the "nonce" claim in the Client Attestation PoP JWT. The authorization server validates that the nonce matches for the transaction. This approach may require an additional roundtrip in the protocol. The authorization server MUST ensure that the nonce provides sufficient entropy.
The authorization server may expect the usage of a nonce in the Client Attestation PoP JWT, but instead of providing the nonce explicitly, the client may implicitly reuse an existing artefact, e.g. the authorization code. The authorization server MUST ensure that the nonce provides sufficient entropy.

The approach using a nonce explicitly provided by the authorization server gives stronger replay attack detection guarantees, however support by the authorization server is OPTIONAL to simplify mandatory implementation requirements. The "jti" method is mandatory and hence acts as a default fallback.

Appendix A IANA Considerations

Registration of attest_jwt_client_auth Token Endpoint Authentication Method

This section registers the value "attest_jwt_client_auth" in the IANA "OAuth Token Endpoint Authentication Methods" registry established by OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Protocol {{RFC7591}}.

Token Endpoint Authentication Method Name: "attest_jwt_client_auth"
Change Controller: IESG
Specification Document(s): TBC

HTTP Field Name Registration

This section requests registration of the following scheme in the "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Field Name Registry" {{IANA.HTTP.Fields}} described in {{RFC9110}}:

Field Name: OAuth-Client-Attestation
Status: permanent
Reference: of this specification

Field Name: OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP
Status: permanent
Reference: of this specification

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Document History

-04

remove key attestation example
restructured JWT Claims for better readability
added JOSE typ values for Client Attestation and Client Attestation PoP
add RATS relation
add concatenated representation without headers
add PAR endpoint example
fix PoP examples to include jti and nonce
add iana http field name registration

-03

remove usage of RFC7521 and the usage of client_assertion
add new header-based syntax introducing Oauth-Client-Attestation and OAuth-Client-Attestation-PoP
add Client Instance to the terminology and improve text around this concept

-02

add text on the inability to rotate the Client Instance Key

-01

Updated eIDAS example in appendix
Removed text around jti claim in client attestation, refined text for its usage in the client attestation pop
Refined text around cnf claim in client attestation
Clarified how to bind refresh tokens to a Client Instance using this client authentication method
Made it more explicit that the client authentication mechanism is general purpose making it compatible with extensions like PAR
Updated acknowledgments
Simplified the diagram in the introduction
Updated references
Added some guidance around replay attack detection

-00

Initial draft

Acknowledgments

{:numbered="false"}

We would like to thank Brian Campbell, Francesco Marino, Guiseppe De Marco, Kristina Yasuda, Michael B. Jones, Takahiko Kawasaki and Torsten Lodderstedt for their valuable contributions to this specification.

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draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth.md

draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth.md

author:

Introduction

Conventions and Definitions

Terminology

Relation to RATS

Client Attestation Format

Client Attestation JWT {#client-attestation-jwt}

Client Attestation PoP JWT {#client-attestation-pop-jwt}

Client Attestation using a Header based syntax

Client Attestation HTTP Headers {#headers}

Validating HTTP requests feature client attestations {#checking-http-requests-with-client-attestations}

Client Attestation at the Token Endpoint {#token-endpoint}

Client Attestation at the PAR Endpoint {#par-endpoint}

Concatenated Serialization for Client Attestations {#alternative-representation}

Concatenated Serialization Format {#format-alternative}

Validating the Concatenated Serialization {#validate-alternative}

Implementation Considerations

Reuse of a Client Attestation JWT

Refresh token binding

Web Server Default Maximum HTTP Header Sizes

Rotation of Client Instance Key

Privacy Considerations

Client Instance Tracking Across Authorization Servers

Security Considerations

Replay Attack Detection

Appendix A IANA Considerations

Registration of attest_jwt_client_auth Token Endpoint Authentication Method

HTTP Field Name Registration

Document History

Acknowledgments

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draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth.md

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draft-ietf-oauth-attestation-based-client-auth.md

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author:

Introduction

Conventions and Definitions

Terminology

Relation to RATS

Client Attestation Format

Client Attestation JWT {#client-attestation-jwt}

Client Attestation PoP JWT {#client-attestation-pop-jwt}

Client Attestation using a Header based syntax

Client Attestation HTTP Headers {#headers}

Validating HTTP requests feature client attestations {#checking-http-requests-with-client-attestations}

Client Attestation at the Token Endpoint {#token-endpoint}

Client Attestation at the PAR Endpoint {#par-endpoint}

Concatenated Serialization for Client Attestations {#alternative-representation}

Concatenated Serialization Format {#format-alternative}

Validating the Concatenated Serialization {#validate-alternative}

Implementation Considerations

Reuse of a Client Attestation JWT

Refresh token binding

Web Server Default Maximum HTTP Header Sizes

Rotation of Client Instance Key

Privacy Considerations

Client Instance Tracking Across Authorization Servers

Security Considerations

Replay Attack Detection

Appendix A IANA Considerations

Registration of attest_jwt_client_auth Token Endpoint Authentication Method

HTTP Field Name Registration

Document History

Acknowledgments