diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 0eb11e2780..1704a4f640 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 - **config** SHAPE scenarios start year of dietary shift changed to 2025
 - **core** number of age-classes doubled from 150 to 300 years for better match of growth curves with potential natural vegetation.
 - **35_natveg** revised age-class initialization of secondary forest
+- **modules** update of scaling factors in several modules
+
 
 ### added
 - **62_material** added switch to turn off future material demand for bioplastic
@@ -28,6 +30,9 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 - **29_cropland** treecover age-class growth was not working properly because ac_sub was erroneously not fixed 
 - **scripts** script/output/extra/resubmit.R 
 - **28_ageclass** bugfix input data unit and code clean-up. Renamed `feb21` realization to `oct24`
+- **70_livestock** bugfix scaling.gms file in wrong folder
+- **10_land** bugfix land transition matrix for improved feasibility (variables and parameters have different accuracy)
+- **44_biodiversity** avoid division by zero and improved consistency between realisations for fixing variables
 
 ## [4.8.2] - 2024-09-24
 
diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/declarations.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/declarations.gms
index 172ec3792d..2b7346ff73 100644
--- a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/declarations.gms
+++ b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/declarations.gms
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ positive variables
  vm_landreduction(j,land)                   Land reduction (mio. ha)
  vm_cost_land_transition(j)                  Costs for lu transitions (mio. USD17MER per yr)
  vm_lu_transitions(j,land_from,land_to) Land transitions between time steps (mio. ha)
- v10_balance_positive(j)          Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
- v10_balance_negative(j)          Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
+ v10_balance_positive(j,land_from)          Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
+ v10_balance_negative(j,land_from)          Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
 ;
 
 equations
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ parameters
  ov_landreduction(t,j,land,type)               Land reduction (mio. ha)
  ov_cost_land_transition(t,j,type)             Costs for lu transitions (mio. USD17MER per yr)
  ov_lu_transitions(t,j,land_from,land_to,type) Land transitions between time steps (mio. ha)
- ov10_balance_positive(t,j,type)               Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
- ov10_balance_negative(t,j,type)               Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
+ ov10_balance_positive(t,j,land_from,type)     Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
+ ov10_balance_negative(t,j,land_from,type)     Balance variable for land transitions (mio. ha)
  oq10_transition_matrix(t,j,type)              Land transition constraint cell area (mio. ha)
  oq10_transition_to(t,j,land_to,type)          Land transition constraint to (mio. ha)
  oq10_transition_from(t,j,land_from,type)      Land transition constraint from (mio. ha)
diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/equations.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/equations.gms
index e086f12cfa..55ee823251 100644
--- a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/equations.gms
+++ b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/equations.gms
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 *' `v10_balance_negative`should deviate from zero only in exceptional cases. 
 
  q10_transition_matrix(j2) ..
-  sum((land_from,land_to), vm_lu_transitions(j2,land_from,land_to))
-  + v10_balance_positive(j2) - v10_balance_negative(j2) =e=
-  sum(land, pcm_land(j2,land));
+  sum((land_from,land_to), vm_lu_transitions(j2,land_from,land_to)) =e=
+  sum(land, vm_land(j2,land));
 
  q10_transition_to(j2,land_to) ..
   sum(land_from, vm_lu_transitions(j2,land_from,land_to)) =e=
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@
 
  q10_transition_from(j2,land_from) ..
   sum(land_to, vm_lu_transitions(j2,land_from,land_to)) =e=
-  pcm_land(j2,land_from);
+  vm_land.l(j2,land_from) + v10_balance_positive(j2,land_from) - v10_balance_negative(j2,land_from);
 
 *' The following two equations calculate land expansion and land contraction based
 *' on the above land transition matrix.
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@
  q10_cost(j2) ..
         vm_cost_land_transition(j2) =e=
         sum(land, vm_landexpansion(j2,land) + vm_landreduction(j2,land)) * 1
-        + (v10_balance_positive(j2) + v10_balance_negative(j2)) * s10_cost_balance;
+        + sum(land_from, v10_balance_positive(j2,land_from) + v10_balance_negative(j2,land_from)) * s10_cost_balance;
 
 *' The gross changes in land are calculated based on land expansion, land
 *' contraction and land changes from within the modules [35_natveg]
diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/postsolve.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/postsolve.gms
index b7e9c5277e..75565d91fc 100644
--- a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/postsolve.gms
+++ b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/postsolve.gms
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ pcm_land(j,land) = vm_land.l(j,land);
  ov_landreduction(t,j,land,"marginal")               = vm_landreduction.m(j,land);
  ov_cost_land_transition(t,j,"marginal")             = vm_cost_land_transition.m(j);
  ov_lu_transitions(t,j,land_from,land_to,"marginal") = vm_lu_transitions.m(j,land_from,land_to);
- ov10_balance_positive(t,j,"marginal")               = v10_balance_positive.m(j);
- ov10_balance_negative(t,j,"marginal")               = v10_balance_negative.m(j);
+ ov10_balance_positive(t,j,land_from,"marginal")     = v10_balance_positive.m(j,land_from);
+ ov10_balance_negative(t,j,land_from,"marginal")     = v10_balance_negative.m(j,land_from);
  oq10_transition_matrix(t,j,"marginal")              = q10_transition_matrix.m(j);
  oq10_transition_to(t,j,land_to,"marginal")          = q10_transition_to.m(j,land_to);
  oq10_transition_from(t,j,land_from,"marginal")      = q10_transition_from.m(j,land_from);
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ pcm_land(j,land) = vm_land.l(j,land);
  ov_landreduction(t,j,land,"level")                  = vm_landreduction.l(j,land);
  ov_cost_land_transition(t,j,"level")                = vm_cost_land_transition.l(j);
  ov_lu_transitions(t,j,land_from,land_to,"level")    = vm_lu_transitions.l(j,land_from,land_to);
- ov10_balance_positive(t,j,"level")                  = v10_balance_positive.l(j);
- ov10_balance_negative(t,j,"level")                  = v10_balance_negative.l(j);
+ ov10_balance_positive(t,j,land_from,"level")        = v10_balance_positive.l(j,land_from);
+ ov10_balance_negative(t,j,land_from,"level")        = v10_balance_negative.l(j,land_from);
  oq10_transition_matrix(t,j,"level")                 = q10_transition_matrix.l(j);
  oq10_transition_to(t,j,land_to,"level")             = q10_transition_to.l(j,land_to);
  oq10_transition_from(t,j,land_from,"level")         = q10_transition_from.l(j,land_from);
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ pcm_land(j,land) = vm_land.l(j,land);
  ov_landreduction(t,j,land,"upper")                  = vm_landreduction.up(j,land);
  ov_cost_land_transition(t,j,"upper")                = vm_cost_land_transition.up(j);
  ov_lu_transitions(t,j,land_from,land_to,"upper")    = vm_lu_transitions.up(j,land_from,land_to);
- ov10_balance_positive(t,j,"upper")                  = v10_balance_positive.up(j);
- ov10_balance_negative(t,j,"upper")                  = v10_balance_negative.up(j);
+ ov10_balance_positive(t,j,land_from,"upper")        = v10_balance_positive.up(j,land_from);
+ ov10_balance_negative(t,j,land_from,"upper")        = v10_balance_negative.up(j,land_from);
  oq10_transition_matrix(t,j,"upper")                 = q10_transition_matrix.up(j);
  oq10_transition_to(t,j,land_to,"upper")             = q10_transition_to.up(j,land_to);
  oq10_transition_from(t,j,land_from,"upper")         = q10_transition_from.up(j,land_from);
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ pcm_land(j,land) = vm_land.l(j,land);
  ov_landreduction(t,j,land,"lower")                  = vm_landreduction.lo(j,land);
  ov_cost_land_transition(t,j,"lower")                = vm_cost_land_transition.lo(j);
  ov_lu_transitions(t,j,land_from,land_to,"lower")    = vm_lu_transitions.lo(j,land_from,land_to);
- ov10_balance_positive(t,j,"lower")                  = v10_balance_positive.lo(j);
- ov10_balance_negative(t,j,"lower")                  = v10_balance_negative.lo(j);
+ ov10_balance_positive(t,j,land_from,"lower")        = v10_balance_positive.lo(j,land_from);
+ ov10_balance_negative(t,j,land_from,"lower")        = v10_balance_negative.lo(j,land_from);
  oq10_transition_matrix(t,j,"lower")                 = q10_transition_matrix.lo(j);
  oq10_transition_to(t,j,land_to,"lower")             = q10_transition_to.lo(j,land_to);
  oq10_transition_from(t,j,land_from,"lower")         = q10_transition_from.lo(j,land_from);
diff --git a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/scaling.gms b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/scaling.gms
index 3db0837364..4bb36e606e 100644
--- a/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/scaling.gms
+++ b/modules/10_land/landmatrix_dec18/scaling.gms
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@
 *** |  Contact: magpie@pik-potsdam.de
 
 vm_landdiff.scale = 10e3;
-v10_balance_positive.scale(j) = 10e-10;
-v10_balance_negative.scale(j) = 10e-10;
+v10_balance_positive.scale(j,land_from) = 10e-7;
+v10_balance_negative.scale(j,land_from) = 10e-7;
diff --git a/modules/20_processing/substitution_may21/scaling.gms b/modules/20_processing/substitution_may21/scaling.gms
index db58c9ae6f..e6a6e99a3c 100644
--- a/modules/20_processing/substitution_may21/scaling.gms
+++ b/modules/20_processing/substitution_may21/scaling.gms
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@
 *** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
 *** |  Contact: magpie@pik-potsdam.de
 
-vm_secondary_overproduction.scale(i,kall,kpr) = 10e-3;
+vm_secondary_overproduction.scale(i,kall,kpr) = 10e-4;
 vm_cost_processing.scale(i) = 10e5;
 vm_processing_substitution_cost.scale(i) = 10e4;
diff --git a/modules/38_factor_costs/sticky_labor/scaling.gms b/modules/38_factor_costs/sticky_labor/scaling.gms
index d4602db9fe..27fd45cc58 100644
--- a/modules/38_factor_costs/sticky_labor/scaling.gms
+++ b/modules/38_factor_costs/sticky_labor/scaling.gms
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@
 *** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
 *** |  Contact: magpie@pik-potsdam.de
 
-vm_cost_prod_crop.scale(i,factors) = 10e4;
+vm_cost_prod_crop.scale(i,factors) = 10e5;
+v38_investment_immobile.scale(j,kcr) = 10e3;
+v38_capital_need.scale(j,kcr,mobil38) = 10e3;
diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/equations.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/equations.gms
index cc753571e8..eb730f0a96 100644
--- a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/equations.gms
+++ b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/equations.gms
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 *' The Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) is calculated at the level of 71 biomes.
 *' The regional layer is needed for compatibility with the high resolution parallel optimization output script (scripts/output/extra/highres.R)
 
- q44_bii(i2,biome44)$(sum(cell(i2,j2), f44_biome(j2,biome44)) > 1e-10) .. v44_bii(i2,biome44) * sum((cell(i2,j2),land), pcm_land(j2,land) * f44_biome(j2,biome44))
+ q44_bii(i2,biome44)$(sum(cell(i2,j2), f44_biome(j2,biome44)) > 1e-10) .. 
+          v44_bii(i2,biome44) * sum((cell(i2,j2),land), pcm_land(j2,land) * f44_biome(j2,biome44))
           =e=
           sum((cell(i2,j2),potnatveg,landcover44), vm_bv(j2,landcover44,potnatveg) * f44_biome(j2,biome44));
 
diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/presolve.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/presolve.gms
index de414061ef..88dc5aba91 100644
--- a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/presolve.gms
+++ b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target/presolve.gms
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ else
   );
   p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44) >= 1) = 1;
   p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(m_year(t2) < s44_start_year) = 0;
-  p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)) = 0) = 0;
+  p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)) <= 1e-10) = 0;
 * The lower bound of `v44_bii` is set to `p44_bii_lower_bound` to avoid a reduction of BII in combination with `v44_bii_missing`.
   v44_bii.lo(i,biome44) = p44_bii_lower_bound(t,i,biome44);
   display p44_bii_lower_bound;
diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/equations.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/equations.gms
index b7fdc1ea1d..e0584c0b98 100644
--- a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/equations.gms
+++ b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/equations.gms
@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@
 *' Biodiversity stock weighted by range-rarity restoration prioritization layer (`f44_rr_layer`)
 *' The regional layer is needed for compatibility with the high resolution parallel optimization output script (scripts/output/extra/highres.R)
 
- q44_bii(i2,biome44)$(sum(cell(i2,j2), f44_biome(j2,biome44)) > 0) .. v44_bii(i2,biome44)
+ q44_bii(i2,biome44)$(sum(cell(i2,j2), f44_biome(j2,biome44)*f44_rr_layer(j2)) > 1e-10) .. 
+         v44_bii(i2,biome44) * sum((cell(i2,j2),land), pcm_land(j2,land) * f44_rr_layer(j2) * f44_biome(j2,biome44))
           =e=
-          (sum((cell(i2,j2),potnatveg,landcover44), vm_bv(j2,landcover44,potnatveg) * f44_rr_layer(j2) * f44_biome(j2,biome44)) / sum((cell(i2,j2),land), pcm_land(j2,land) * f44_rr_layer(j2) * f44_biome(j2,biome44)));
+          sum((cell(i2,j2),potnatveg,landcover44), vm_bv(j2,landcover44,potnatveg) * f44_rr_layer(j2) * f44_biome(j2,biome44));
 
 *' For each of the 71 biomes, the BII has to meet a minium level based on `s44_bii_lower_bound`.
 *' `v44_bii_missing` is a technical variable to maintain feasibility in case `v44_bii` cannot be increased.
           
- q44_bii_target(i2,biome44)$(sum(cell(i2,j2), f44_biome(j2,biome44)) > 0) ..          
+ q44_bii_target(i2,biome44)$(sum(cell(i2,j2), f44_biome(j2,biome44)*f44_rr_layer(j2)) > 1e-10) ..          
           v44_bii(i2,biome44) + v44_bii_missing(i2,biome44) =g= sum(ct, p44_bii_lower_bound(ct,i2,biome44));
 
 *' Costs accrue only for `v44_bii_missing`. In the best case costs should be zero or close to zero.
diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/preloop.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/preloop.gms
index 2c6494fe74..717263d631 100644
--- a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/preloop.gms
+++ b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/preloop.gms
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 
 v44_bii.l(i,biome44) = 0.75;
 
-v44_bii.fx(i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)) = 0) = 0;
-v44_bii_missing.fx(i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)) = 0) = 0;
+v44_bii.fx(i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)*f44_rr_layer(j)) <= 1e-10) = 0;
+v44_bii_missing.fx(i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)*f44_rr_layer(j)) <= 1e-10) = 0;
 p44_bii_lower_bound(t,i,biome44) = 0;
 
 vm_bv.l(j,landcover44,potnatveg) = 0;
diff --git a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/presolve.gms b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/presolve.gms
index 0a45321b2a..5a3ee7f43f 100644
--- a/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/presolve.gms
+++ b/modules/44_biodiversity/bii_target_apr24/presolve.gms
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ else
   );
   p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44) >= 1) = 1;
   p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(m_year(t2) < s44_start_year) = 0;
-  p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)) = 0) = 0;
+  p44_bii_lower_bound(t2,i,biome44)$(sum(cell(i,j), f44_biome(j,biome44)*f44_rr_layer(j)) <= 1e-10) = 0;
 * The lower bound of `v44_bii` is set to `p44_bii_lower_bound` to avoid a reduction of BII in combination with `v44_bii_missing`.
   v44_bii.lo(i,biome44) = p44_bii_lower_bound(t,i,biome44);
   display p44_bii_lower_bound;
diff --git a/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/realization.gms b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/realization.gms
index 97f9aa4279..c3b44b9ebc 100644
--- a/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/realization.gms
+++ b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/realization.gms
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ $Ifi "%phase%" == "sets" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/sets.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "declarations" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/declarations.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "input" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/input.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "equations" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/equations.gms"
+$Ifi "%phase%" == "scaling" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/scaling.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "preloop" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/preloop.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "presolve" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/presolve.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "postsolve" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/postsolve.gms"
diff --git a/modules/70_livestock/scaling.gms b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/scaling.gms
similarity index 100%
rename from modules/70_livestock/scaling.gms
rename to modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16/scaling.gms
diff --git a/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/realization.gms b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/realization.gms
index 46ff7d5323..734972e767 100644
--- a/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/realization.gms
+++ b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/realization.gms
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ $Ifi "%phase%" == "sets" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/set
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "declarations" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/declarations.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "input" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/input.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "equations" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/equations.gms"
+$Ifi "%phase%" == "scaling" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/scaling.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "preloop" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/preloop.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "presolve" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/presolve.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "postsolve" $include "./modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/postsolve.gms"
diff --git a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/scaling.gms b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/scaling.gms
similarity index 65%
rename from modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/scaling.gms
rename to modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/scaling.gms
index c3e721d03f..120fe57164 100644
--- a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/scaling.gms
+++ b/modules/70_livestock/fbask_jan16_sticky/scaling.gms
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@
 *** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
 *** |  Contact: magpie@pik-potsdam.de
 
-vm_costs_additional_mon.scale(i) = 10e4;
-*Don't scale this variable. Model is very sensitive to scaling this variable and might become infeasible or very slow.
-*v71_feed_balanceflow.scale(j,kforage) = 10e3;
+
+vm_cost_prod_livst.scale(i,factors) = 10e5;
+vm_cost_prod_fish.scale(i) = 10e5;
diff --git a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/realization.gms b/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/realization.gms
index 00e90d4012..94a0fdc42f 100644
--- a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/realization.gms
+++ b/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/realization.gms
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "sets" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/sets.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "declarations" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/declarations.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "equations" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/equations.gms"
-$Ifi "%phase%" == "scaling" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/scaling.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "preloop" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/preloop.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "postsolve" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/postsolve.gms"
 *######################## R SECTION END (PHASES) ###############################
diff --git a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/scaling.gms b/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/scaling.gms
deleted file mode 100644
index a9ec69a79e..0000000000
--- a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_aug18/scaling.gms
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-*** |  (C) 2008-2024 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
-*** |  authors, and contributors see CITATION.cff file. This file is part
-*** |  of MAgPIE and licensed under AGPL-3.0-or-later. Under Section 7 of
-*** |  AGPL-3.0, you are granted additional permissions described in the
-*** |  MAgPIE License Exception, version 1.0 (see LICENSE file).
-*** |  Contact: magpie@pik-potsdam.de
-
-vm_costs_additional_mon.scale(i) = 10e4;
-*Don't scale this variable. Model is very sensitive to scaling this variable and might become infeasible or very slow.
-*v71_feed_balanceflow.scale(j,kli_rum,kforage) = 10e3;
diff --git a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/realization.gms b/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/realization.gms
index 638bb9c520..d1cb9f6507 100644
--- a/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/realization.gms
+++ b/modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/realization.gms
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "sets" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/sets.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "declarations" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/declarations.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "equations" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/equations.gms"
-$Ifi "%phase%" == "scaling" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/scaling.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "preloop" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/preloop.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "postsolve" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/postsolve.gms"
 $Ifi "%phase%" == "nl_fix" $include "./modules/71_disagg_lvst/foragebased_jul23/nl_fix.gms"
diff --git a/scripts/projects/fsec.R b/scripts/projects/fsec.R
index f7f3302baa..78dd0490e5 100644
--- a/scripts/projects/fsec.R
+++ b/scripts/projects/fsec.R
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ fsecScenario <- function(scenario) {
                        "rds_report")
   cfg$force_download  <- TRUE
   cfg$gms$s80_optfile <- 0
-  cfg$gms$s80_maxiter <- 100
+  cfg$gms$s80_maxiter <- 30
 
   return(cfg)
 }
diff --git a/scripts/start/projects/paper_peatlandTax.R b/scripts/start/projects/paper_peatlandTax.R
index 5b20f9e1b9..43dccf6672 100644
--- a/scripts/start/projects/paper_peatlandTax.R
+++ b/scripts/start/projects/paper_peatlandTax.R
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ source("scripts/start_functions.R")
 source("config/default.cfg")
 
 # create additional information to describe the runs
-cfg$info$flag <- "PTax35"
+cfg$info$flag <- "PTax36"
 
 cfg$results_folder <- "output/:title:"
 cfg$results_folder_highres <- "output"
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ calc_ghgprice <- function() {
   T200[, , "n2o_n_indirect"] <- T200[, , "co2_c"] * 265 * 44 / 28
   T200[, , "co2_c"] <- T200[, , "co2_c"] * 44 / 12
 
+  T25 <- T200 * 0.125
   T50 <- T200 * 0.25
   T100 <- T200 * 0.5
   T400 <- T200 * 2
@@ -76,6 +77,12 @@ calc_ghgprice <- function() {
 
   GHG <- mbind(
     add_dimension(T0, dim = 3.2, add = "scen", nm = "T0-GHG"),
+    add_dimension(
+      T25,
+      dim = 3.2,
+      add = "scen",
+      nm = "T25-GHG"
+    ),
     add_dimension(
       T50,
       dim = 3.2,
@@ -158,7 +165,8 @@ for (res in c("c400")) {
   start_run(cfg, codeCheck = FALSE)
 
   ## Policy scenarios
-  for (tax in c("T50-CO2",
+  for (tax in c("T25-CO2",
+                "T50-CO2",
                 "T100-CO2",
                 "T200-CO2",
                 "T400-CO2",
diff --git a/scripts/start/projects/project_ABCDR.R b/scripts/start/projects/project_ABCDR.R
index cf52c94a97..a36e9c200a 100644
--- a/scripts/start/projects/project_ABCDR.R
+++ b/scripts/start/projects/project_ABCDR.R
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ source("config/default.cfg")
 #download_and_update(cfg)
 
 # create additional information to describe the runs
-cfg$info$flag <- "ABCDR16"
+cfg$info$flag <- "ABCDR18"
 
 cfg$results_folder <- "output/:title:"
 cfg$force_replace <- TRUE