diff --git a/fs2-aws-s3/src/main/scala/fs2/aws/s3/S3.scala b/fs2-aws-s3/src/main/scala/fs2/aws/s3/S3.scala
index d54504e5..361185a4 100644
--- a/fs2-aws-s3/src/main/scala/fs2/aws/s3/S3.scala
+++ b/fs2-aws-s3/src/main/scala/fs2/aws/s3/S3.scala
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ object S3 {
       def uploadFile(bucket: BucketName, key: FileKey, modifier: AwsRequestModifier.Upload1): Pipe[F, Byte, ETag] =
         in =>
           fs2.Stream.eval {
-            in.compile.toVector.flatMap { vs =>
-              val bs = ByteBuffer.wrap(vs.toArray)
+            in.compile.to(Chunk).flatMap { chunks =>
+              val bs = chunks.toByteBuffer
               s3.putObject(
                 modifier.putObject(PutObjectRequest.builder().bucket(bucket.value).key(key.value)).build(),
                 AsyncRequestBody.fromByteBuffer(bs)