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caver-java: Caver Java kaia Dapp API

caver-java is a lightweight, high modular, convenient Java and Android library to interact with clients (nodes) on the kaia network: This library is an interface which allows Java applications to easily communicate with kaia network.

Features

  • Complete implementation of kaia’s JSON-RPC client API over HTTP and IPC
  • Support of kaia transaction, account, and account key types
  • Auto-generation of Java smart contract wrapper to deploy and execute a smart contract from native Java code
  • Creation of a new wallet and managing kaia wallets
  • Command line tools
  • Android compatible

Getting started

Installation

add a Repository

To install caver-java, you should add a jitpack repository for IPFS feature.

maven

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>jitpack.io</id>
        <url>https://jitpack.io</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>

gradle

allprojects {
    repositories {
        ...
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
    }
}

add a dependency

maven

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.klaytn.caver</groupId>
    <artifactId>core</artifactId>
    <version>X.X.X</version>
</dependency>

gradle

compile 'com.klaytn.caver:core:X.X.X'

If you want to use Android dependency, just append -android at the end of version. (e.g. 1.5.4-android)

You can find latest caver-java version at release page.

Start a Client

If you want to run your own EN (Endpoint Node), see EN Operation Guide to set up.

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);

Transactions

When you send transactions, caver-java provides easy-to-use wrapper classes.

Here's an example of transferring KLAY using keystore.json and ValueTransfer class:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);

//Read keystore json file.
File file = new File("./keystore.json");

//Decrypt keystore.
ObjectMapper objectMapper = ObjectMapperFactory.getObjectMapper();
KeyStore keyStore = objectMapper.readValue(file, KeyStore.class);
AbstractKeyring keyring = KeyringFactory.decrypt(keyStore, "password");

//Add to caver wallet.
caver.wallet.add(keyring);

BigInteger value = new BigInteger(Utils.convertToPeb(BigDecimal.ONE, "KLAY"));

//Create a value transfer transaction
ValueTransfer valueTransfer = new ValueTransfer.Builder()
        .setKlaytnCall(caver.rpc.getKlay())
        .setFrom(keyring.getAddress())
        .setTo("0x8084fed6b1847448c24692470fc3b2ed87f9eb47")
        .setValue(value)
        .setGas(BigInteger.valueOf(25000))
        .build();

//Sign to the transaction
valueTransfer.sign(keyring);

//Send a transaction to the kaia blockchain platform (kaia)
Bytes32 result = caver.rpc.klay.sendRawTransaction(valueTransfer.getRawTransaction()).send();
if(result.hasError()) {
    throw new RuntimeException(result.getError().getMessage());
}

//Check transaction receipt.
TransactionReceiptProcessor transactionReceiptProcessor = new PollingTransactionReceiptProcessor(caver, 1000, 15);
TransactionReceipt.TransactionReceiptData transactionReceipt = transactionReceiptProcessor.waitForTransactionReceipt(result.getResult());

If you have address and private key(s) of keyring, you can make keyring directly through KeyringFactory.create.

<valueUnit> means a unit of value that is used in kaia. It is defined as an enum type. Examples of possible values are as below.

PEB, KPEB, MPEB, GPEB, STON, UKLAY, MKLAY, KLAY, KKLAY, MKLAY, GKLAY

If <valueUnit> is not given as a parameter, default unit of <value> is PEB. You can use Utils.convertToPeb or Utils.convertFromPeb to easily convert a value to another unit like below.

Utils.convertToPeb("1", KLAY).toBigInteger();  // 1000000000000000000
Utils.convertFromPeb("1000000000000000000", KLAY).toBigInteger();  // 1

Fee Delegation

kaia provides Fee Delegation feature. Here's an example code. When you are a sender:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);
SingleKeyring senderKeyring = KeyringFactory.createFromPrivateKey("0x{privateKey}");
caver.wallet.add(senderKeyring);

FeeDelegatedValueTransfer feeDelegatedValueTransfer = new FeeDelegatedValueTransfer.Builder()
        .setKlaytnCall(caver.rpc.klay)
        .setFrom(senderKeyring.getAddress())
        .setTo("0x176ff0344de49c04be577a3512b6991507647f72")
        .setValue(BigInteger.valueOf(1))
        .setGas(BigInteger.valueOf(30000))
        .build();

caver.wallet.sign(senderKeyring.getAddress(), feeDelegatedValueTransfer);
String rlpEncoded = feeDelegatedValueTransfer.getRLPEncoding();
System.out.println(rlpEncoded);

After signing a transaction, the sender can get the RLP-encoded string through feeDelegatedValueTransfer.getRLPEncoding(). Then, the sender sends the transaction to the fee payer who will pay for the transaction fee instead.

When you are a fee payer:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);

SingleKeyring feePayerKeyring = KeyringFactory.createFromPrivateKey("0x{privateKey}");
caver.wallet.add(feePayerKeyring);

String rlpEncoded = "0x{RLP-encoded string}"; // The result of feeDelegatedValueTransfer.getRLPEncoding() in above example
FeeDelegatedValueTransfer feeDelegatedValueTransfer = FeeDelegatedValueTransfer.decode(rlpEncoded);
feeDelegatedValueTransfer.setFeePayer(feePayerKeyring.getAddress());

caver.wallet.signAsFeePayer(feePayerKeyring.getAddress(), feeDelegatedValueTransfer);

TransactionReceiptProcessor receiptProcessor = new PollingTransactionReceiptProcessor(caver, 1000, 15);

String rlpEncoded = feeDelegatedValueTransfer.getRLPEncoding();

try {
  // Send the transaction using `caver.rpc.klay.sendRawTransaction`.
  Bytes32 sendResult = caver.rpc.klay.sendRawTransaction(rlpEncoding).send();
  if(sendResult.hasError()) {
    //do something to handle error

  }

  String txHash = sendResult.getResult();
  TransactionReceipt.TransactionReceiptData receiptData = receiptProcessor.waitForTransactionReceipt(txHash);
} catch (IOException | TransactionException e) {
  // do something to handle exception.
}

After the fee payer gets the transaction from the sender, the fee payer can sign with signAsFeePayer. For more information about kaia transaction types, visit Transactions.

kaia Accounts

An account in kaia is a data structure containing information about a person's balance or a smart contract. If you require further information about kaia accounts, you can refer to the Accounts.

Account Key

An account key represents the key structure associated with an account. Each account key has its own unique role. To get more details about the kaia account key, please read Account Key. These are 6 types of Account Keys in kaia:

  • AccountKeyNil
  • AccountKeyLegacy
  • AccountKeyPublic
  • AccountKeyFail
  • AccountKeyWeightedMultiSig
  • AccountKeyRoleBased

If you want to update the key of the given account, follow below steps :

  1. Create new private key(s) to use
  2. Create a keyring instance using the new private key(s) and the account address to update. After the AccountKey has been successfully updated in kaia, you can use the Keyring instance created here.
  3. To update the AccountKey of kaia Account, create an Account instance using the toAccount function.
  4. Create an AccountUpdate transaction (AccountUpdate/FeeDelegatedAccountUpdate/FeeDelegatedAccountUpdateWithRatio).
  5. Sign the AccountUpdate transaction
  6. Send signed transaction through caver.rpc.klay.sendRawTransaction
Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.BAOBAB_URL);
SingleKeyring senderKeyring = KeyringFactory.createFromPrivateKey("0x{privateKey}");
caver.wallet.add(senderKeyring);

String newPrivateKey = KeyringFactory.generateSingleKey();
SingleKeyring newKeyring = KeyringFactory.createFromPrivateKey(newPrivateKey);

Account account = newKeyring.toAccount();

AccountUpdate accountUpdate = new AccountUpdate.Builder()
        .setKlaytnCall(caver.rpc.klay)
        .setFrom(senderKeyring.getAddress())
        .setAccount(account)
        .setGas(BigInteger.valueOf(50000))
        .build();

try {
    caver.wallet.sign(senderKeyring.getAddress(), accountUpdate);
    String rlpEncoded = accountUpdate.getRLPEncoding();

    Bytes32 sendResult = caver.rpc.klay.sendRawTransaction(rlpEncoded).send();
    if(sendResult.hasError()) {
        //do something to handle error
    }

    String txHash = sendResult.getResult();

    TransactionReceiptProcessor receiptProcessor = new PollingTransactionReceiptProcessor(caver, 1000, 15);
    TransactionReceipt.TransactionReceiptData receiptData = receiptProcessor.waitForTransactionReceipt(txHash);
} catch (IOException | TransactionException e) {
    // do something to handle exception.
}

senderKeyring = caver.wallet.updateKeyring(newKeyring);

Manage Contracts using Java Smart Contract Wrappers

Caver supports Contract class to make it easy to interact with smart contract in kaia. Before generating a wrapper code, you need to compile the smart contract first (Note: This will only work if solidity compiler is installed in your computer).

$ solc --abi --bin ./test.sol

You can create a contract instance as below using the result of compiling the smart contract:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);
try {
    Contract contract = new Contract(caver, ABI);
    contract.getMethods().forEach((methodName, contractMethod) -> {
        System.out.println("methodName : " + methodName + ", ContractMethod : " + contractMethod);
    });
    System.out.println("ContractAddress : " + contract.getContractAddress());
} catch (IOException e) {
    //handle exception..
}

If you want to deploy the smart contract at Baobab testnet, you could do like this:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);
SingleKeyring deployer = KeyringFactory.createFromPrivateKey("0x{private key}");
caver.wallet.add(deployer);
try {
    Contract contract = new Contract(caver, ABI);
    ContractDeployParams params = new ContractDeployParams(byteCode, null);
    SendOptions sendOptions = new SendOptions();
    sendOptions.setFrom(deployer.getAddress());
    sendOptions.setGas(BigInteger.valueOf(40000))
    
    Contract newContract = contract.deploy(params, sendOptions);
    System.out.println("Contract address : " + newContract.getContractAddress());
} catch (IOException | TransactionException | ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
    //handle exception..
}

After the smart contract has been deployed, you can load the smart contract as below:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);
String contractAddress = "0x3466D49256b0982E1f240b64e097FF04f99Ed4b9";
try {
    Contract contract = new Contract(caver, ABI, contractAddress);
    contract.getMethods().forEach((methodName, contractMethod) -> {
        System.out.println("methodName : " + methodName + ", ContractMethod : " + contractMethod);
    });
    System.out.println("ContractAddress : " + contract.getContractAddress());
} catch (IOException e) {
    //handle exception..
}

To transact with a smart contract:

Caver caver = new Caver(Caver.DEFAULT_URL);
SingleKeyring executor = KeyringFactory.createFromPrivateKey("0x{private key}");
caver.wallet.add(executor);
try {
    Contract contract = new Contract(caver, ABI, '0x{address in hex}');
    
    SendOptions sendOptions = new SendOptions();
    sendOptions.setFrom(executor.getAddress());
    sendOptions.setGas(BigInteger.valueOf(40000))
    TransactionReceipt.TransactionReceiptData receipt = contract.getMethod("set").send(Arrays.asList("testValue"), sendOptions);
    } catch (IOException | TransactionException | ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
    //handle exception..
}

Filters

TBD

Web3j Similarity

We made caver-java as similar as possible to web3j for easy usability.

/* start a client */
Web3j web3 = Web3j.build(new HttpService(<endpoint>)); // Web3j
Caver caver = Caver.build(new HttpService(<endpoint>)); // caver-java

/* get nonce */
BigInteger nonce = web3j.ethGetTransactionCount(<address>, <blockParam>).send().getTransactionCount(); // Web3j
Quantity nonce = caver.klay().getTransactionCount(<address>, <blockParam>).send().getValue(); // caver-java

/* convert unit */
Convert.toWei("1.0", Convert.Unit.ETHER).toBigInteger(); // Web3j
Convert.toPeb("1.0", Convert.Unit.KLAY).toBigInteger(); // caver-java
 
/* generate wallet file */
WalletUtils.generateNewWalletFile(<password>, <filepath>); // Web3j
KlayWalletUtils.generateNewWalletFile(<address>, <password>, <filepath>); // caver-java

/* load credentials */
Credentials credentials = WalletUtils.loadCrendetials(<password>, <filepath>"); // Web3j
KlayCredentials credentials = KlayWalletUtils.loadCredentials(<password>, <filepath>); // caver-java
                                                      
/* Value Transfer */
TransactionReceipt transactionReceipt = Transfer.sendFunds(...),send(); // Web3j
KlayTransactionReceipt.TransactionReceipt transactionReceipt = ValueTransfer.create(...).sendFunds(...).send(); // caver-java

Command-line Tool

A caver-java fat jar is distributed with open repository. The 'caver-java' allows you to generate Solidity smart contract function wrappers from the command line:

  • Generate Solidity smart contract function wrappers Installation
$ brew tap kaiachain/kaia
$ brew install caver-java

After installation you can run command 'caver-java'

$ caver-java solidity generate -b <smart-contract>.bin -a <smart-contract>.abi -o <outputPath> -p <packagePath>

Related projects

caver-js for a javascript

Build instructions

TBD

Snapshot dependencies

TBD

Thanks to

  • The web3j project for the inspiration. 🙂