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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>The Event Loop (or how Javascript works)</title>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Serif);
@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald);
body {
font-family: 'Droid Serif';
font-size: 20px;
}
h1, h2, h3 {
font-family: 'Oswald';
font-weight: 400;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
h1 { font-size: 4em; }
h2 { font-size: 2em; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6em; }
.footnote {
position: absolute;
bottom: 3em;
font-size: 12px;
}
li p {
line-height: 1.25em;
font-size: 1.25em;
}
.red { color: #fa0000; }
.large { font-size: 2em; }
a, a > code {
color: rgb(249, 38, 114);
text-decoration: none;
}
code {
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
-web-border-radius: 5px;
background: #e7e8e2;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 14px;
}
.pull-left {
float: left;
width: 47%;
}
.pull-right {
float: right;
width: 47%;
}
.pull-right ~ p {
clear: both;
}
#slideshow .slide .content code {
font-size: 0.7em;
}
#slideshow .slide .content pre code {
font-size: 0.8em;
padding: 15px;
}
.inverse {
background: #1A4162;
color: #777872;
text-shadow: 0 0 20px #333;
}
.inverse h1, .inverse h2 {
color: #f3f3f3;
line-height: 1.1em;
}
/* Slide-specific styling */
#slide-inverse .footnote {
bottom: 12px;
left: 20px;
}
/* Two-column layout */
.left-column {
color: #777;
width: 20%;
height: 92%;
float: left;
}
.left-column h2:last-of-type, .left-column h3:last-child {
color: #000;
}
.right-column {
width: 75%;
float: right;
padding-top: 2em;
}
.small ul {
font-size: 1.0em;
line-height: 1.3em;
}
ul {
font-size: 1.5em;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
ul ul {
font-size: .95em;
line-height: 1.2em;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js-runtime-overview.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="callstack.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js-runtime-viz.css" />
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
name: inverse
layout: true
class: center, middle, inverse
---
<!-- Title -->
#The Event Loop
##(or how Javascript works)
###Karl Kirch @joekarl
---
layout: false
class: center, middle
#Credit where credit is due
##Philip Roberts "Help, I'm stuck in an event-loop"
###http://vimeo.com/96425312
<!--
Inspiration
Why I wanted to give this talk
- async is hard, had a hard time with wrapping my head around it
- things are easier when you understand how they work
- Let's see how javascript actually works
-->
---
class: center, middle
##Overview
---
<!--
Picture of Javascript runtime
General overview
-->
<div id="js-runtime-overview">
<div class="js-runtime">
<div class="heap">
Heap
<div class="heap-obj heap-obj1"></div>
<div class="heap-obj heap-obj2"></div>
<div class="heap-obj heap-obj3"></div>
</div>
<div class="stack">
Stack
<div class="stack-obj-container">
<div class="stack-obj">baz()</div>
<div class="stack-obj">bar()</div>
<div class="stack-obj">foo()</div>
<div class="stack-obj">main()</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<img class="event-loop" src="event-loop.png" />
<div class="callback-queue">
<div class="callback">cb</div>
<div class="callback">cb</div>
<div class="callback">cb</div>
<div class="callback">cb</div>
<div class="callback">cb</div>
<div class="callback">cb</div>
</div>
<div class="external-apis">
<div class="api">setTimeout</div>
<div class="api">I/O</div>
<div class="api">Rendering</div>
</div>
<div class="event-loop-label">Event Loop</div>
<div class="callback-queue-label">Callback Queue</div>
<div class="js-runtime-label">JS Runtime</div>
<div class="external-apis-label">External APIs</div>
</div>
---
#Javascript Runtime
##(V8, SpiderMonkey, JavaScriptCore, etc...)
###2 main pieces
* Heap
* Call Stack
---
#Heap
* Memory management
* Garbage Collection
---
#Call Stack
* Currently executing code
* Javascript has exactly 1 callstack
* Hence why commonly explained as single threaded
---
class: middle, center
##Example
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack"></div>
<div class="codes">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">combineNames()</div>
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code on-stack">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">concat()</div>
<div class="call">combineNames()</div>
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code on-stack">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code on-stack">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">combineNames()</div>
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code on-stack">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">console.log()</div>
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">printUsername()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code on-stack">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack on-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Basic Call Stack Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes">
<pre class="code concat-code">
function concat(str1, str2) {
return str1 + "" + str2;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code combine-code">
function combineNames(user) {
return concat(user.first,
user.last);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code print-code">
function printUsername(user) {
var name = combineNames(user);
console.log(name);
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
printUsername({
first: "Karl",
last: "Kirch"
});
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
class: middle, center
##Stack Overflow
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes">
<pre class="code foo-code">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Stack Overflow Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">foo()</div>
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code on-stack">
function foo() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
foo();
</pre>
</div>
<img class="fail" src="explosion.png" />
<img class="error" src="stackoverflow.png" />
</div>
---
class: middle, center
#Question: So how does async work within a callstack?
---
<!-- Async Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes">
<pre class="code foo-code">
function foo() {
return;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code bar-code">
function bar() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
function doTimeout() {
console.log("TIMEOUT");
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
setTimeout(doTimeout, 5000);
</pre>
<pre class="code">
bar();
</pre>
</div>
</div>
---
<!-- Async Example -->
<div class="call-stack-viz">
<div class="call-stack-label">Call Stack</div>
<div class="call-stack">
<div class="call-stack-container">
<div class="call">(Anonymous Function)()</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="codes on-stack">
<pre class="code foo-code">
function foo() {
return;
}
</pre>
<pre class="code bar-code">
function bar() {
return foo();
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
function doTimeout() {
console.log("TIMEOUT");
}
</pre>
<pre class="code">
setTimeout(doTimeout, 5000);
</pre>
<pre class="code">