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ProxySQL

Introduction

ProxySQL is a high performance, high availability, protocol aware proxy for MySQL and forks (like Percona Server and MariaDB). All the while getting the unlimited freedom that comes with a GPL license.

Its development is driven by the lack of open source proxies that provide high performance.

Useful links

Getting started

Installation

Released packages can be found here: https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases

Just download a package and use your systems package manager to install it:

wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v2.0.1/proxysql_2.0.1-ubuntu16_amd64.deb
dpkg -i proxysql_2.0.1-ubuntu16_amd64.deb

Alternatively you can also use the available repositories:

Ubuntu / Debian:

Adding repository:

apt-get install -y lsb-release
wget -O - 'https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key' | apt-key add -
echo deb https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-2.0.x/$(lsb_release -sc)/ ./ \
| tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/proxysql.list

Note: For 1.4.x series releases use https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/$(lsb_release -sc)/ ./ instead.

Installing:

apt-get update
apt-get install proxysql OR apt-get install proxysql=version

Red Hat / CentOS:

Adding repository:

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo
[proxysql_repo]
name= ProxySQL YUM repository
baseurl=https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-2.0.x/centos/\$releasever
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key
EOF

Note: For 1.4.x series releases use https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/$releasever instead

Installing:

yum install proxysql OR yum install proxysql-version

Amazon Linux Servers (AMI):

Adding repository:

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo
[proxysql_repo]
name= ProxySQL YUM repository
baseurl=https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-2.0.x/centos/latest
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key

Note: For 1.4.x series releases use https://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/latest instead

Installing:

yum install proxysql OR yum install proxysql-version

Service management

Once the software is installed, you can use the service command to control the process:

Starting ProxySQL:

service proxysql start

Stopping ProxySQL:

service proxysql stop

Or alternatively via the Admin interface:

$ mysql -u admin -padmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P6032 --prompt='Admin> '
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

Admin> proxysql stop

Restarting ProxySQL:

service proxysql restart

Or alternatively via the Admin interface:

$ mysql -u admin -padmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P6032 --prompt='Admin> '
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

Admin> proxysql restart

Reinitializing ProxySQL from the config file (after first startup the DB file is used instead of the config file):

service proxysql initial

Upgrades

Just install the new package and restart ProxySQL:

wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v2.0.2/proxysql_2.0.2-ubuntu16_amd64.deb
dpkg -i proxysql_2.0.2-ubuntu16_amd64.deb
service proxysql restart

How to check the ProxySQL version

$ proxysql --version
ProxySQL version v1.4.9-1.1, codename Truls

A debug version has _DEBUG in its version string. It is slower than non-debug version, but easier to debug in case of failures.

$ proxysql --version
Main init phase0 completed in 0.000146 secs.
ProxySQL version v1.4.9-1.1_DEBUG, codename Truls

Configuring ProxySQL via the admin interface

First of all, bear in mind that the best way to configure ProxySQL is through its admin interface. This lends itself to online configuration (without having to restart the proxy) via SQL queries to its admin database. It's an effective way to configure it both manually and in an automated fashion.

As a secondary way to configure it, we have the configuration file.

Configuring ProxySQL through the admin interface

To log into the admin interface (with the default credentials) use a mysql client and connect using the following admin credentials locally on port (6032):

$ mysql -u admin -padmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P6032 --prompt='Admin> '
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

Admin>

note: If your MySQL client version is version 8.04 or higher add --default-auth=mysql_native_password to the above command to connect to the admin interface.

Once connected to the admin interface, you will have a list of databases and tables at your disposal that can be queried using the SQL language:

Admin> SHOW DATABASES;
+-----+---------+-------------------------------+
| seq | name    | file                          |
+-----+---------+-------------------------------+
| 0   | main    |                               |
| 2   | disk    | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3   | stats   |                               |
| 4   | monitor |                               |
+-----+---------+-------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

This will allow you to control the list of the backend servers, how traffic is routed to them, and other important settings (such as caching, access control, etc). Once you've made modifications to the in-memory data structure, you must load the new configuration to the runtime, or persist the new settings to disk (so that they are still there after a restart of the proxy). A detailed tutorial on how to configure ProxySQL through the Admin interface is available here.

Configuring ProxySQL through the config file

Even though the config file should only be regarded as a secondary way to configure the proxy, we must not discard its value as a valid way to bootstrap a fresh ProxySQL install.

Let's quickly go over the main sections of the configuration file (this overview serves as a very high level overview of ProxySQL configuration).

Top-level sections:

  • admin_variables: contains global variables that control the functionality of the admin interface.

  • mysql_variables: contains global variables that control the functionality for handling the incoming MySQL traffic.

  • mysql_servers: contains rows for the mysql_servers table from the admin interface. Basically, these define the backend servers towards which the incoming MySQL traffic is routed. Rows are encoded as per the .cfg file format, here is an example:

     mysql_servers =
 (
 	{
 		address="127.0.0.1"
 		port=3306
 		hostgroup=0
 		max_connections=200
 	}
 )

  • mysql_users: contains rows for the mysql_users table from the admin interface. Basically, these define the users which can connect to the proxy, and the users with which the proxy can connect to the backend servers. Rows are encoded as per the .cfg file format, here is an example:

     mysql_users:
 (
 	{
 		username = "root"
 		password = "root"
 		default_hostgroup = 0
 		max_connections=1000
 		default_schema="information_schema"
 		active = 1
 	}
 )

  • mysql_query_rules: contains rows for the mysql_query_rules table from the admin interface. Basically, these define the rules used to classify and route the incoming MySQL traffic, according to various criteria (patterns matched, user used to run the query, etc.). Rows are encoded as per the .cfg file format, here is an example (Note: the example is a very generic query routing rule and it is recommended to create specific rules for queries rather than using a generic rule such as this):

     mysql_query_rules:
 (
 	{
 		rule_id=1
 		active=1
 		match_pattern="^SELECT .* FOR UPDATE$"
 		destination_hostgroup=0
 		apply=1
 	},
 	{
 		rule_id=2
 		active=1
 		match_pattern="^SELECT"
 		destination_hostgroup=1
 		apply=1
 	}
 )

  • top-level configuration item: datadir, as a string, to point to the data dir.