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rpm-opensuse.md

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Curso       : EN CONSTRUCCION!!!
Area        : Sistemas operativos, programación, administración
Descripción : Creación de paquetes RPM
Requisitos  : SO OpenSUSE
Tiempo      :

1. Crear paquetes RPM

Enlaces de interés:

1.1 Introducción

En esta práctica vamos a construir un paquete RPM con la herramienta rpmbuild. Nos basaremos principalmente en el primer enlace de la lista de tutoriales.

Enlaces de interés:

1.2. Instalación del software

  • yast -i rpm-build, instalamos el paquete rpmbuild.

2. Preparativos

Preparar los ficheros para construir nuestro paquete:

  1. Código fuente
  2. Makefile
  3. SPECS

2.1 Código fuente del programa

Vamos a crear un programa en C de ejemplo (hello). Este programa sólo muestra un saludo por pantalla cuando se ejecuta.

  • Crear un fichero /root/helloXX/main.c.
mkdir /root/helloXX
cd /root/helloXX
cat > main.c << EOF
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  printf("nombre-alumnoXX: Hello World!\n");
}
EOF

2.2 Fichero Makefile

Tenemos que crear un fichero makefile que nos ayudará a construir el paquete RPM a partir del código fuente anterior.

  • Creamos el fichero /root/helloXX/Makefile correspondiente:
cat > Makefile << EOF
all:hello

hello: main.c
        gcc main.c -o hello

install: hello
        mkdir -p \${prefix}/usr/local/bin
        cp hello \${prefix}/usr/local/bin
EOF
sed -i "s/        /\t/g" Makefile

2.3 Fichero SPEC

En el fichero SPEC se incluye metadatos del paquete RPM.

  • Creamos el fichero SPEC en /root/helloXX/hello.spec.
cat >hello.spec<<EOF
Summary: Hello world from XX
Name: helloXX
Version: 1.0
Release: 1
License: GPL
Group: Applications/Tutorials
Source: helloXX.tar.gz
URL: http://www.iespuertodelacruz.es
Distribution: GNU/Linux
Vendor: -
Packager: NOMBRE-DEL-ALUMNO-XX

%description
Hello world from XX

%prep
%setup

%build
make

%install
make install prefix=\$RPM_BUILD_ROOT

%files
%defattr(-, root, root)
"/usr/local/bin/hello"
EOF

NOTA:

  • License is a free-text field. You can enter what you want.
  • Source is the file that will be stored in /usr/src/packages/SOURCES.

3. Construir el RPM

  • Almacenar el código fuente en el lugar apropiado:
cd /root
tar cvzf helloXX.tar.gz helloXX
cp helloXX.tar.gz /usr/src/packages/SOURCES
  • rpmbuild -ba helloXX/hello.spec
  • Encontraremos nuestro RPM en /usr/src/packages/RPMS.

4. Comprobamos

Por curiosidad:

  • zypper se hello,
  • zypper info helloXX

Instalamos el paquete:

  • rpm -ivh /usr/src/packages/RPMS/x86_64/helloXX-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm, instalar RPM.

Consultamos información del paquete ya instalado:

  • rpm -ql helloXX, listar los ficheros que contiene el paquete.
  • rpm -qi helloXX, consultar información del paquete.
  • ll /usr/local/bin/hello, el programa hello está en nuestro sistema.
  • hello, ejecutamos nuestro programa de HelloWorld.

Desinstalamos el paquete:

  • rpm -e helloXX,desinstalar el paquete.
  • ll /usr/local/bin/hello, el programa ya no existe.

Clean up: To clean up, run rm /usr/src/packages/SOURCES/helloXX.tar.gz rm -rf /usr/src/packages/BUILD/helloXX-1.0

ANEXO

OBS

Info

Rebuilding an existing src.rpm is probably the easiest. I would definitely not go the way of configure, make, make install because (a) that doesn't scale, (b) doesn't provide for easy removal / upgrading of the package and (c) is not atomic.

Building an RPM is not so hard. There used to be a pretty good beginners tutorial at Linux.com, before they destroyed the site. You can try this one, but it's a lot of text, not easy to digest. Still, it's better than nothing.

I'll give you a few pointers, out of the back of my head:

   setup an .rpmmacros file in ~
   create ~/rpmbuild/{RPMS,SRPMS,SPECS,BUILD,BUILDROOT,SOURCES}
   drop the source tarball in ~/rpmbuild/SOURCES
   drop the the spec file(s) in ~/rpmbuild/SPECS
   run rpmbuild -bp YOURSPEC in ~/rpmbuild/SPECS (runs prepare phase)
   run rpmbuild -bc YOURSPEC in ~/rpmbuild/SPECS (above and runs compile phase)
   run rpmbuild -bb YOURSPEC in ~/rpmbuild/SPECS (above and builds actual package)

If everything worked out, your RPM will have appeared in ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/${arch}.

I tend to use 5, 6 and 7 separately when creating new RPM's, because I like to inspect the ouput in detail. You might want to go for 7 immediately if you have a vendor provided specfile.

I usually have something like this in my .rpmmacros.

%_topdir /home/YOURNAME/rpmbuild %packager YOUR NAME [email protected] %_tmppath /tmp

As for the syntax of the specfile: it is not that hard. There exists a very detailed, be it very old, reference work called 'Maximum RPM'. Everything you want to know is in there.