diff --git a/build.sc b/build.sc
index 69cdafb..252abd5 100644
--- a/build.sc
+++ b/build.sc
@@ -425,13 +425,13 @@ object Deps {
     val jawn = ivy"io.circe::circe-jawn:0.14.6"
   }
   object everit {
-    val jsonSchema = ivy"com.github.erosb:everit-json-schema:1.14.2"
+    val jsonSchema = ivy"com.github.erosb:everit-json-schema:1.14.3"
   }
   val slf4j =
     ivy"org.slf4j:slf4j-nop:2.0.9" // needed since swagger-parser relies on slf4j-api
   object swagger {
     val parser = Agg(
-      ivy"io.swagger.parser.v3:swagger-parser:2.1.16",
+      ivy"io.swagger.parser.v3:swagger-parser:2.1.18",
       // included to override the version brought in by swagger-parser which has a vulnerability
       ivy"org.mozilla:rhino:1.7.14"
     )
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ object Deps {
     val services = ivy"io.grpc:grpc-services:$version"
   }
   object scalapb {
-    val version = "0.11.13"
+    val version = "0.11.14"
     val runtimeGrpc = ivy"com.thesamet.scalapb::scalapb-runtime-grpc:$version"
     val compilerPlugin =
       ivy"com.thesamet.scalapb::compilerplugin:$version"
diff --git a/modules/json-schema/src/internals/Extractors.scala b/modules/json-schema/src/internals/Extractors.scala
index 29cf2d9..44a3c06 100644
--- a/modules/json-schema/src/internals/Extractors.scala
+++ b/modules/json-schema/src/internals/Extractors.scala
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ object Extractors {
   /*
    * The most complicated thing
    */
-  abstract class JsonSchemaCaseRefBuilder(id: String, ns: Path)
+  abstract class JsonSchemaCaseRefBuilder(id: Option[String], ns: Path)
       extends smithytranslate.openapi.internals.CaseRefBuilder(ns) {
     def unapply(sch: Schema): Option[Either[ModelError, DefId]] = sch match {
       case ref: ReferenceSchema =>
@@ -260,11 +260,14 @@ object Extractors {
         // The number of `/` chars is not always consistent between the id and the refValue.
         val fileRegex = "^file:\\/*"
         val refValueNoPrefix = refValue.replaceFirst(fileRegex, "")
-        val idNoPrefix = id.replaceFirst(fileRegex, "")
         val sanitisedRefValue =
-          if (refValueNoPrefix.startsWith(idNoPrefix))
-            refValueNoPrefix.drop(idNoPrefix.length())
-          else refValue
+          id.map(_.replaceFirst(fileRegex, ""))
+            .collectFirst {
+              case idNoPrefix if (refValueNoPrefix.startsWith(idNoPrefix)) =>
+                refValueNoPrefix.drop(idNoPrefix.length())
+            }
+            .getOrElse(refValue)
+
         Option(sanitisedRefValue).map(this.apply)
       case _ => None
     }
diff --git a/modules/json-schema/src/internals/JsonSchemaToIModel.scala b/modules/json-schema/src/internals/JsonSchemaToIModel.scala
index 5cb0875..0bc3cf3 100644
--- a/modules/json-schema/src/internals/JsonSchemaToIModel.scala
+++ b/modules/json-schema/src/internals/JsonSchemaToIModel.scala
@@ -69,7 +69,10 @@ private class JsonSchemaToIModel[F[_]: Parallel: TellShape: TellError](
   implicit val F: Monad[F] = Parallel[F].monad
 
   private val CaseRef =
-    new Extractors.JsonSchemaCaseRefBuilder(jsonSchema.getId(), namespace) {}
+    new Extractors.JsonSchemaCaseRefBuilder(
+      Option(jsonSchema.getId()),
+      namespace
+    ) {}
 
   private val allSchemas: Vector[Local] = {
     val schemaNameSegment =
@@ -77,9 +80,9 @@ private class JsonSchemaToIModel[F[_]: Parallel: TellShape: TellError](
     val schemaName = Name(schemaNameSegment)
 
     // Computing schemas under the $defs field, if it exists.
-    def $defSchemas = {
+    def $defSchemas(name: String): Vector[Local] = {
       val defsObject = rawJson.asObject
-        .flatMap(_.apply("$defs"))
+        .flatMap(_.apply(name))
         .flatMap(_.asObject)
 
       val allDefs = defsObject.toVector
@@ -89,14 +92,14 @@ private class JsonSchemaToIModel[F[_]: Parallel: TellShape: TellError](
       allDefs
         .flatMap { case (key, value) =>
           val topLevelJson = Json.fromJsonObject {
-            value.add("$defs", Json.fromJsonObject(defsObject.get))
+            value.add(name, Json.fromJsonObject(defsObject.get))
           }
 
           val defSchema = LoadSchema(new JSONObject(topLevelJson.noSpaces))
 
           val defSchemaName =
             Name(
-              Segment.Arbitrary(CIString("$defs")),
+              Segment.Arbitrary(CIString(name)),
               Segment.Derived(CIString(key))
             )
           Vector(
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ private class JsonSchemaToIModel[F[_]: Parallel: TellShape: TellError](
     val topLevelLocal =
       Local(schemaName, jsonSchema, rawJson).addHints(List(Hint.TopLevel))
 
-    topLevelLocal +: $defSchemas
+    topLevelLocal +: ($defSchemas("$defs") ++ $defSchemas("definitions"))
   }
 
   /** Refolds the schema, aggregating found definitions in Tell.
diff --git a/modules/json-schema/tests/src/RefSpec.scala b/modules/json-schema/tests/src/RefSpec.scala
index 01ecd55..ddb3a8b 100644
--- a/modules/json-schema/tests/src/RefSpec.scala
+++ b/modules/json-schema/tests/src/RefSpec.scala
@@ -254,4 +254,72 @@ final class RefSpec extends munit.FunSuite {
 
     TestUtils.runConversionTest(jsonSchString, expectedString)
   }
+
+  test("schema with no id") {
+    val jsonSchString = """|{
+                           |  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+                           |  "title": "Person",
+                           |  "type": "object",
+                           |  "properties": {
+                           |    "firstName": {
+                           |      "$ref": "#/$defs/name"
+                           |    },
+                           |    "lastName": {
+                           |      "$ref": "#/$defs/name"
+                           |    }
+                           |  },
+                           |  "$defs":{
+                           |    "name": {
+                           |      "type": "string"
+                           |    }
+                           |  }
+                           |}
+                           |""".stripMargin
+
+    val expectedString = """|namespace foo
+                            |
+                            |structure Person {
+                            | firstName: Name,
+                            | lastName: Name
+                            |}
+                            |
+                            |string Name
+                            |""".stripMargin
+
+    TestUtils.runConversionTest(jsonSchString, expectedString)
+  }
+
+  test("schema with definitions rather than $defs") {
+    val jsonSchString = """|{
+                           |  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+                           |  "title": "Person",
+                           |  "type": "object",
+                           |  "properties": {
+                           |    "firstName": {
+                           |      "$ref": "#/definitions/name"
+                           |    },
+                           |    "lastName": {
+                           |      "$ref": "#/definitions/name"
+                           |    }
+                           |  },
+                           |  "definitions":{
+                           |    "name": {
+                           |      "type": "string"
+                           |    }
+                           |  }
+                           |}
+                           |""".stripMargin
+
+    val expectedString = """|namespace foo
+                            |
+                            |structure Person {
+                            | firstName: Name,
+                            | lastName: Name
+                            |}
+                            |
+                            |string Name
+                            |""".stripMargin
+
+    TestUtils.runConversionTest(jsonSchString, expectedString)
+  }
 }