connection_spec.rb

# encoding: utf-8
require 'spec_helper'
require 'ostruct'

describe Ably::Realtime::Connection, :event_machine do
  let(:connection) { client.connection }

  vary_by_protocol do
    let(:default_options) do
      { key: api_key, environment: environment, protocol: protocol }
    end

    let(:client_options) { default_options }
    let(:client)         { auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options) }

    before(:example) do
      EventMachine.add_shutdown_hook do
        connection.off # minimise side effects of callbacks from finished test calling stop_reactor
      end
    end

    context 'intialization' do
      it 'connects automatically' do
        connection.on(:connected) do
          expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      context 'current_host' do
        it 'is available immediately after the client is instanced' do
          expect(connection.current_host.to_s).to match(/\.ably\.io$/)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      context 'with :auto_connect option set to false' do
        let(:client) do
          auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(auto_connect: false))
        end

        it 'does not connect automatically' do
          EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
            expect(connection).to be_initialized
            stop_reactor
          end
          client
        end

        it 'connects when method #connect is called' do
          connection.connect do
            expect(connection).to be_connected
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with token auth' do
        before do
          # Reduce token expiry buffer to zero so that a token expired? predicate is exact
          # Normally there is a buffer so that a token expiring soon is considered expired
          @original_token_expiry_buffer = Ably::Models::TokenDetails::TOKEN_EXPIRY_BUFFER
          stub_const 'Ably::Models::TokenDetails::TOKEN_EXPIRY_BUFFER', 0
        end

        let(:original_token_expiry_buffer) { @original_token_expiry_buffer }

        context 'for renewable tokens' do
          context 'that are valid for the duration of the test' do
            context 'with valid pre authorized token expiring in the future' do
              let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(use_token_auth: true) }
              it 'uses the existing token created by Auth' do
                client.auth.authorize(ttl: 300)
                expect(client.auth).to_not receive(:request_token)
                connection.once(:connected) do
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end

            context 'with implicit authorisation' do
              let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(client_id: 'force_token_auth') }

              it 'uses the token created by the implicit authorisation' do
                expect(client.rest_client.auth).to receive(:request_token).once.and_call_original

                connection.once(:connected) do
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end
          end

          context 'that expire' do
            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :error) }

            before do
              expect(client.rest_client.time.to_f).to be_within(2).of(Time.now.to_i), "Local clock is out of sync with Ably"
            end

            before do
              # Ensure tokens issued expire immediately after issue
              @original_renew_token_buffer = Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS.fetch(:renew_token_buffer)
              stub_const 'Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS', Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS.merge(renew_token_buffer: 0)
            end

            let(:original_renew_token_buffer) { @original_renew_token_buffer }

            context 'opening a new connection' do
              context 'with almost expired tokens' do
                before do
                  # Authorize synchronously to ensure token has been issued
                  client.auth.authorize_sync(ttl: ttl)
                end

                let(:ttl) { 2 }

                it 'renews token every time after it expires' do
                  started_at = Time.now.to_f
                  connected_times = 0
                  disconnected_times = 0
                  connection.on(:connected) do
                    connected_times += 1
                  end
                  connection.on(:disconnected) do
                    disconnected_times += 1
                    if disconnected_times == 3
                      expect(connected_times).to eql(3)
                      expect(Time.now.to_f - started_at).to be > ttl * 3
                      expect(Time.now.to_f - started_at).to be < (ttl * 2) * 3
                      stop_reactor
                    end
                  end
                end
              end

              context 'with immediately expired token' do
                let(:ttl) { 0.001 }
                let(:auth_requests) { [] }
                let(:token_callback) do
                  lambda do |token_params|
                    auth_requests << Time.now
                    Ably::Rest::Client.new(default_options).auth.request_token(ttl: ttl).token
                  end
                end
                let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(auth_callback: token_callback) }

                it 'renews the token on connect, and makes one immediate subsequent attempt to obtain a new token (#RSA4b)' do
                  started_at = Time.now.to_f
                  connection.once(:disconnected) do
                    connection.once(:disconnected) do |connection_state_change|
                      expect(connection_state_change.reason.code).to eql(40142) # token expired
                      expect(Time.now.to_f - started_at).to be < 1000
                      expect(auth_requests.count).to eql(2)
                      stop_reactor
                    end
                  end
                end

                context 'when disconnected_retry_timeout is 0.5 seconds' do
                  let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(disconnected_retry_timeout: 0.5, auth_callback: token_callback) }

                  it 'renews the token on connect, and continues to attempt renew based on the retry schedule' do
                    disconnect_count = 0
                    first_disconnected_at = nil
                    connection.on(:disconnected) do |connection_state_change|
                      first_disconnected_at ||= begin
                        Time.now.to_f
                      end
                      expect(connection_state_change.reason.code).to eql(40142) # token expired
                      if disconnect_count == 4 # 3 attempts to reconnect after initial
                        # First disconnect reattempts immediately as part of connect sequence
                        # Second disconnect reattempt immediately as part of disconnected retry sequence
                        # Following two take 0.5 second each
                        # Not convinced two immediate retries is necessary, but not worth engineering effort to fix given
                        # it's only one extra retry
                        expect(Time.now.to_f - first_disconnected_at).to be > 2 * 0.5
                        expect(Time.now.to_f - first_disconnected_at).to be < 9 # allow 1.5 seconds for each authentication cycle
                        stop_reactor
                      end
                      disconnect_count += 1
                    end
                  end
                end

                context 'using implicit token auth' do
                  let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(use_token_auth: true, default_token_params: { ttl: ttl }) }

                  before do
                    stub_const 'Ably::Models::TokenDetails::TOKEN_EXPIRY_BUFFER', -10 # ensure client lib thinks token is still valid
                  end

                  it 'uses the primary host for subsequent connection and auth requests' do
                    connection.once(:disconnected) do
                      expect(client.rest_client.connection).to receive(:post).
                                                                 with(/requestToken$/, anything).
                                                                 exactly(:twice). # it retries an expired token request immediately
                                                                 and_call_original

                      expect(client.rest_client).to_not receive(:fallback_connection)
                      expect(client).to_not receive(:fallback_endpoint)

                      # Connection will go into :disconnected, then back to
                      # :connecting, then :disconnected again
                      connection.once(:disconnected) do
                        connection.once(:disconnected) do
                          stop_reactor
                        end
                      end
                    end
                  end
                end
              end
            end

            context 'when connected with a valid non-expired token' do
              context 'that then expires following the connection being opened' do
                let(:ttl)          { 5 }
                let(:channel_name) { random_str }
                let(:channel)      { client.channel(channel_name) }
                let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(use_token_auth: true, default_token_params: { ttl: ttl }) }

                context 'the server' do
                  it 'disconnects the client, and the client automatically renews the token and then reconnects', em_timeout: 15 do
                    connection.once(:connected) do
                      original_token = client.auth.current_token_details
                      expect(original_token).to_not be_expired
                      started_at = Time.now
                      connection.once(:disconnected) do |connection_state_change|
                        expect(connection_state_change.reason.code).to eq(40142) # Token expired

                        # Token has expired, so now ensure it is not used again
                        stub_const 'Ably::Models::TokenDetails::TOKEN_EXPIRY_BUFFER', original_token_expiry_buffer
                        stub_const 'Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS', Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS.merge(renew_token_buffer: original_renew_token_buffer)

                        connection.once(:connected) do
                          expect(client.auth.current_token_details).to_not be_expired
                          expect(Time.now - started_at >= ttl)
                          expect(original_token).to be_expired
                          stop_reactor
                        end
                      end
                    end

                    connection.unsafe_once(:failed) { |error| fail error.inspect }

                    channel.attach
                  end
                end

                context 'connection state' do
                  let(:publish_count) { 10 }
                  let(:ttl)           { 4 }
                  let(:auth_requests) { [] }
                  let(:token_callback) do
                    lambda do |token_params|
                      sleep 2
                      auth_requests << Time.now
                      Ably::Rest::Client.new(default_options).auth.request_token(ttl: ttl).token
                    end
                  end
                  let(:client_options)     { default_options.merge(auth_callback: token_callback) }
                  let(:publishing_client)  { auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options) }
                  let(:publishing_channel) { publishing_client.channels.get(channel_name) }
                  let(:messages_received)  { [] }

                  def publish_and_check_disconnect(options = {})
                    iteration = options.fetch(:iteration) { 1 }
                    total_expected = publish_count * iteration
                    publish_count.times.each { |index| publishing_channel.publish('event', (total_expected - publish_count + index).to_s) }
                    channel.subscribe('event') do |message|
                      messages_received << message.data.to_i
                      if messages_received.count == total_expected
                        expect(messages_received).to match(total_expected.times.to_a)
                        expect(auth_requests.count).to eql(iteration + 1)
                        EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                          channel.unsubscribe 'event'
                          yield
                        end
                      end
                    end
                  end

                  it 'retains messages published when disconnected three times during authentication', em_timeout: 30 do
                    publishing_channel.attach do
                      channel.attach do
                        connection.once(:disconnected) do
                          publish_and_check_disconnect(iteration: 1) do
                            connection.once(:disconnected) do
                              publish_and_check_disconnect(iteration: 2) do
                                connection.once(:disconnected) do
                                  publish_and_check_disconnect(iteration: 3) do
                                    stop_reactor
                                  end
                                end
                              end
                            end
                          end
                        end
                      end
                    end
                  end
                end

                context 'and subsequent token is invalid' do
                  let(:ttl) { 2 }
                  let(:token_callback) do
                    lambda do |token_params|
                      if @token_issued
                        "#{app_id}.invalid-token-invalid-token-invalid-token"
                      else
                        @token_issued = true
                        Ably::Rest::Client.new(default_options).auth.request_token(ttl: ttl).token
                      end
                    end
                  end
                  let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(auth_callback: token_callback, log_level: :none) }

                  it 'transitions the connection to the failed state' do
                    connection.once(:disconnected) do
                      connection.once(:failed) do
                        expect(connection.error_reason.code).to eql(40101)
                        stop_reactor
                      end
                    end
                  end
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'for non-renewable tokens' do
          context 'that are expired' do
            before do
              stub_const 'Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS', Ably::Auth::TOKEN_DEFAULTS.merge(renew_token_buffer: 0)
            end

            let!(:expired_token_details) do
              # Request a token synchronously
              token_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options)
              token_client.auth.request_token_sync(ttl: ttl)
            end

            context 'opening a new connection' do
              let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(key: nil, token: expired_token_details.token, log_level: :none) }
              let(:ttl) { 0.01 }

              it 'transitions state to failed (#RSA4a)', em_timeout: 10 do
                EventMachine.add_timer(1) do # wait for token to expire
                  expect(expired_token_details).to be_expired
                  connection.once(:connected) { raise 'Connection should never connect as token has expired' }
                  connection.once(:failed) do
                    expect(client.connection.error_reason.code).to eql(40142)
                    stop_reactor
                  end
                end
              end
            end

            context 'when connected' do
              let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(key: nil, token: expired_token_details.token, log_level: :none) }
              let(:ttl) { 4 }

              it 'transitions state to failed (#RSA4a)' do
                connection.once(:connected) do
                  connection.once(:failed) do
                    expect(client.connection.error_reason.code).to eql(40142)
                    stop_reactor
                  end
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'with opaque token string that contain an implicit client_id' do
          let(:client_options)   { default_options.merge(token: token_string, key: nil) }
          let(:rest_auth_client) { Ably::Rest::Client.new(default_options.merge(key: api_key)) }
          let(:token_string)     { rest_auth_client.auth.request_token(client_id: client_id).token }

          context 'string' do
            let(:client_id) { random_str }

            it 'sets the Client#client_id and Auth#client_id once CONNECTED' do
              expect(client.client_id).to be_nil
              client.connection.once(:connected) do
                expect(client.client_id).to eql(client_id)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end

            context 'that is incompatible with the current client client_id' do
              let(:client_id)      { random_str }
              let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(client_id: 'incompatible', token: token_string, key: nil, log_level: :none) }

              it 'fails the connection' do
                expect(client.client_id).to eql('incompatible')
                client.connection.once(:failed) do
                  expect(client.client_id).to eql('incompatible')
                  expect(client.connection.error_reason.code).to eql(40101) # Invalid clientId for credentials
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end
          end

          context 'wildcard' do
            let(:client_id) { '*' }

            it 'configures the Client#client_id and Auth#client_id with a wildcard once CONNECTED' do
              expect(client.client_id).to be_nil
              client.connection.once(:connected) do
                expect(client.client_id).to eql('*')
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'initialization state changes' do
      let(:phases) { [:connecting, :connected] }
      let(:events_emitted) { [] }
      let(:test_expectation) do
        lambda do
          expect(events_emitted).to eq(phases)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      def expect_ordered_phases
        phases.each do |phase|
          connection.on(phase) do
            events_emitted << phase
            test_expectation.call if events_emitted.length == phases.length
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with implicit #connect' do
        it 'are emitted in order' do
          expect_ordered_phases
        end
      end

      context 'with explicit #connect' do
        it 'are emitted in order' do
          expect_ordered_phases
          connection.connect
        end
      end
    end

    context '#connect' do
      it 'returns a SafeDeferrable that catches exceptions in callbacks and logs them' do
        expect(connection.connect).to be_a(Ably::Util::SafeDeferrable)
        stop_reactor
      end

      it 'calls the Deferrable callback on success' do
        connection.connect.callback do
          expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      it 'calls the provided block on success even if state changes to disconnected first' do
        been_disconnected = false

        connection.once(:disconnected) do
          been_disconnected = true
        end
        connection.once(:connecting) do
          close_if_transport_available = lambda do
            EventMachine.add_timer(0.001) do
              if connection.transport
                connection.transport.close_connection_after_writing
              else
                close_if_transport_available.call
              end
            end
          end
          close_if_transport_available.call
        end

        connection.connect do
          expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
          expect(been_disconnected).to be_truthy
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      context 'with invalid auth details' do
        let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(key: 'this.is:invalid', log_level: :none) }

        it 'calls the Deferrable errback only once on connection failure' do
          errback_called = false
          connection.connect.errback do
            expect(connection.state).to eq(:failed)

            raise 'Errback already called' if errback_called
            errback_called = true

            connection.connect.errback do
              EventMachine.add_timer(0.5) { stop_reactor }
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when already connected' do
        it 'does nothing and no further state changes are emitted' do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            connection.once_state_changed { raise 'State should not have changed' }
            3.times { connection.connect }
            EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
              expect(connection).to be_connected
              connection.off
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end

      describe 'connection#id' do
        it 'is null before connecting' do
          expect(connection.id).to be_nil
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      describe 'connection#key' do
        it 'is null before connecting' do
          expect(connection.key).to be_nil
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      describe 'once connected' do
        let(:client2)     { auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options) }
        let(:connection2) { client2.connection }

        describe 'connection#id' do
          it 'is a string' do
            connection.connect do
              expect(connection.id).to be_a(String)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'is unique from the connection#key' do
            connection.connect do
              expect(connection.id).to_not eql(connection.key)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'is unique for every connection' do
            when_all(connection.connect, connection2.connect) do
              expect(connection.id).to_not eql(connection2.id)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end

        describe 'connection#key' do
          it 'is a string' do
            connection.connect do
              expect(connection.key).to be_a(String)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'is unique from the connection#id' do
            connection.connect do
              expect(connection.key).to_not eql(connection.id)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'is unique for every connection' do
            when_all(connection.connect, connection2.connect) do
              expect(connection.key).to_not eql(connection2.key)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'following a previous connection being opened and closed' do
        it 'reconnects and is provided with a new connection ID and connection key from the server' do
          connection.connect do
            connection_id  = connection.id
            connection_key = connection.key

            connection.close do
              connection.connect do
                expect(connection.id).to_not eql(connection_id)
                expect(connection.key).to_not eql(connection_key)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when closing' do
        it 'fails the deferrable before the connection is closed' do
          connection.connect do
            connection.once(:closing) do
              connection.connect.errback do |error|
                expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::InvalidStateChange)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
            connection.close
          end
        end
      end
    end

    describe '#serial connection serial' do
      let(:channel) { client.channel(random_str) }

      it 'is set to -1 when a new connection is opened' do
        connection.connect do
          expect(connection.serial).to eql(-1)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      context 'when a message is sent but the ACK has not yet been received' do
        it 'the sent message msgSerial is 0 but the connection serial remains at -1' do
          channel.attach do
            connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
              if protocol_message.action == :message
                connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
                expect(protocol_message['msgSerial']).to eql(0)
                expect(connection.serial).to eql(-1)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
            channel.publish('event', 'data')
          end
        end
      end

      it 'is set to 0 when a message is received back' do
        channel.publish('event', 'data')
        channel.subscribe do
          expect(connection.serial).to eql(0)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      it 'is set to 1 when the second message is received' do
        channel.attach do
          messages = []
          channel.subscribe do |message|
            messages << message
            if messages.length == 2
              expect(connection.serial).to eql(1)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          channel.publish('event', 'data') do
            channel.publish('event', 'data')
          end
        end
      end
    end

    describe '#msgSerial' do
      context 'when messages are queued for publish before a connection is established' do
        let(:batches) { 6 }
        let(:messages_per_batch) { 10 }

        let(:publishing_client)  { auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options) }
        let(:channel_name)       { random_str }
        let(:publishing_channel) { publishing_client.channels.get(channel_name) }
        let(:receiving_channel)  { client.channels.get(channel_name) }

        it 'the msgSerial is always incrementing (and not reset when the new connection is established) ensuring messages are never de-duped by the realtime service' do
          messages = []

          receiving_channel.attach do
            receiving_channel.subscribe('event') do |message|
              messages << message
              stop_reactor if messages.count == batches * messages_per_batch
            end

            batches.times do |batch|
              EventMachine.add_timer(batch.to_f / batches.to_f) do
                messages_per_batch.times { |index| publishing_channel.publish('event') }
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context '#close' do
      it 'returns a SafeDeferrable that catches exceptions in callbacks and logs them' do
        connection.connect do
          expect(connection.close).to be_a(Ably::Util::SafeDeferrable)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      it 'calls the Deferrable callback on success' do
        connection.connect do
          connection.close.callback do
            expect(connection).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Connection)
            expect(connection.state).to eq(:closed)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when already closed' do
        it 'does nothing and no further state changes are emitted' do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            connection.close do
              connection.once_state_changed { raise 'State should not have changed' }
              3.times { connection.close }
              EventMachine.add_timer(1) do
                expect(connection).to be_closed
                connection.off
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when connection state is' do
        let(:events) { Hash.new }

        def log_connection_changes
          connection.on(:closing) { events[:closing_emitted] = true }

          connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
            events[:closed_message_from_server_received] = true if protocol_message.action == :closed
          end
        end

        context ':initialized' do
          it 'changes the connection state to :closing and then immediately :closed without sending a ProtocolMessage CLOSE' do
            connection.on(:closed) do
              expect(connection.state).to eq(:closed)

              EventMachine.add_timer(1) do # allow for all subscribers on incoming message bes
                expect(events[:closed_message_from_server_received]).to_not eql(true)
                expect(events[:closing_emitted]).to eql(true)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end

            log_connection_changes
            connection.close
          end
        end

        context ':connected' do
          it 'changes the connection state to :closing and waits for the server to confirm connection is :closed with a ProtocolMessage' do
            connection.on(:connected) do
              connection.on(:closed) do
                EventMachine.add_timer(1) do # allow for all subscribers on incoming message bus
                  expect(events[:closed_message_from_server_received]).to eql(true)
                  expect(events[:closing_emitted]).to eql(true)
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end

              log_connection_changes
              connection.close
            end
          end

          context 'with an unresponsive connection' do
            let(:custom_timeout) { 2 }
            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(realtime_request_timeout: custom_timeout) }

            before do
              connection.on(:connected) do
                # Prevent all incoming & outgoing ProtocolMessages from being processed by the client library
                connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
                connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.unsubscribe
              end
            end

            it 'force closes the connection when a :closed ProtocolMessage response is not received' do
              connection.on(:connected) do
                close_requested_at = Time.now

                connection.on(:closed) do
                  expect(Time.now - close_requested_at).to be >= custom_timeout
                  expect(connection.state).to eq(:closed)
                  expect(events[:closed_message_from_server_received]).to_not eql(true)
                  expect(events[:closing_emitted]).to eql(true)
                  stop_reactor
                end

                log_connection_changes
                EventMachine.next_tick { connection.close }
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context '#ping' do
      it 'echoes a heart beat (#RTN13a)' do
        connection.on(:connected) do
          connection.ping do |time_elapsed|
            expect(time_elapsed).to be > 0
            expect(time_elapsed).to be < 3
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end

      it 'sends a unique ID in each protocol message (#RTN13e)' do
        connection.on(:connected) do
          heartbeat_ids = []
          pings_complete = []
          connection.__outgoing_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
            if protocol_message.action == :heartbeat
              heartbeat_ids << protocol_message.id
            end
          end

          ping_block = lambda do |time|
            pings_complete << true
            if pings_complete.length == 3
              expect(heartbeat_ids.uniq.length).to eql(3)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          connection.ping(&ping_block)
          connection.ping(&ping_block)
          connection.ping(&ping_block)
        end
      end

      it 'waits until the connection becomes CONNECTED when in the CONNETING state' do
        connection.once(:connecting) do
          connection.ping do |time_elapsed|
            expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with incompatible states' do
        let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :none) }

        context 'when not connected' do
          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTN13b)' do
            connection.ping.errback do |error|
              expect(error.message).to match(/Cannot send a ping when.*initialized/i)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when suspended' do
          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTN13b)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.transition_state_machine! :suspended
              connection.ping.errback do |error|
                expect(error.message).to match(/Cannot send a ping when.*suspended/i)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when failed' do
          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTN13b)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.transition_state_machine! :failed
              connection.ping.errback do |error|
                expect(error.message).to match(/Cannot send a ping when.*failed/i)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when closed' do
          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTN13b)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.close
              connection.once(:closed) do
                connection.ping.errback do |error|
                  expect(error.message).to match(/Cannot send a ping when.*closed/i)
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when it becomes closed' do
          it 'fails the deferrable (#RTN13b)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.ping.errback do |error|
                expect(error.message).to match(/Ping failed as connection has changed state to.*closing/i)
                stop_reactor
              end
              connection.close
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with a success block that raises an exception' do
        it 'catches the exception and logs the error' do
          connection.on(:connected) do
            expect(connection.logger).to receive(:error) do |*args, &block|
              expect(args.concat([block ? block.call : nil]).join(',')).to match(/Forced exception/)
              stop_reactor
            end
            connection.ping { raise 'Forced exception' }
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when ping times out' do
        let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :error) }

        it 'fails the deferrable logs a warning (#RTN13a, #RTN13c)' do
          message_logged = false
          connection.once(:connected) do
            allow(connection).to receive(:defaults).and_return(connection.defaults.merge(realtime_request_timeout: 0.0001))
            expect(connection.logger).to receive(:warn) do |*args, &block|
              expect(block.call).to match(/Ping timed out/)
              message_logged = true
            end
            connection.ping.errback do |error|
              EventMachine.add_timer(0.1) do
                expect(error.message).to match(/Ping timed out/)
                expect(error.code).to eql(50003)
                expect(message_logged).to be_truthy
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end

        it 'yields to the block with a nil value' do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            allow(connection).to receive(:defaults).and_return(connection.defaults.merge(realtime_request_timeout: 0.0001))
            connection.ping do |time_elapsed|
              expect(time_elapsed).to be_nil
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'Heartbeats (#RTN23)' do
      context 'heartbeat interval' do
        context 'when reduced artificially' do
          let(:protocol_message_attributes) do
            {
              action: Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage::ACTION.Connected.to_i,
              connection_serial: 55,
              connection_details: {
                max_idle_interval: 2 * 1000
              }
            }
          end
          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(realtime_request_timeout: 3) }
          let(:expected_heartbeat_interval) { 5 }

          it 'is the sum of the max_idle_interval and realtime_request_timeout (#RTN23a)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(protocol_message_attributes)
              EventMachine.next_tick do
                expect(connection.heartbeat_interval).to eql(expected_heartbeat_interval)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end

          it 'disconnects the transport if no heartbeat received since connected (#RTN23a)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(protocol_message_attributes)
              last_received_at = Time.now
              connection.once(:disconnected) do
                expect(Time.now.to_i - last_received_at.to_i).to be_within(2).of(expected_heartbeat_interval)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end

          it 'disconnects the transport if no heartbeat received since last event received (#RTN23a)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(protocol_message_attributes)
              last_received_at = Time.now
              EventMachine.add_timer(3) { client.channels.get('foo').attach }
              connection.once(:disconnected) do
                expect(Time.now.to_i - last_received_at.to_i).to be_within(2).of(expected_heartbeat_interval + 3)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'transport-level heartbeats are supported in the websocket transport' do
        it 'provides the heartbeats argument in the websocket connection params (#RTN23b)' do
          expect(EventMachine).to receive(:connect) do |host, port, transport, object, url|
            uri = URI.parse(url)
            expect(CGI::parse(uri.query)['heartbeats'][0]).to eql('false')
            stop_reactor
          end
          client
        end

        it 'receives websocket heartbeat messages (#RTN23b) [slow test as need to wait for heartbeat]', em_timeout: 45 do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
              if protocol_message.action == :heartbeat
                expect(protocol_message.attributes[:source]).to eql(:websocket)
                expect(connection.time_since_connection_confirmed_alive?).to be_within(1).of(0)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with websocket heartbeats disabled (undocumented)' do
        let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(websocket_heartbeats_disabled: true) }

        it 'does not provide the heartbeats argument in the websocket connection params (#RTN23b)' do
          expect(EventMachine).to receive(:connect) do |host, port, transport, object, url|
            uri = URI.parse(url)
            expect(CGI::parse(uri.query)['heartbeats'][0]).to eql('true')
            stop_reactor
          end
          client
        end

        it 'receives websocket protocol messages (#RTN23b) [slow test as need to wait for heartbeat]', em_timeout: 45 do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.subscribe(:protocol_message) do |protocol_message|
              if protocol_message.action == :heartbeat
                next if protocol_message.attributes[:source] == :websocket # ignore the native heartbeats
                expect(protocol_message.attributes[:source]).to_not eql(:websocket)
                expect(connection.time_since_connection_confirmed_alive?).to be_within(1).of(0)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context '#details' do
      let(:connection) { client.connection }

      it 'is nil before connected' do
        connection.on(:connecting) do
          expect(connection.details).to eql(nil)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      it 'contains the ConnectionDetails object once connected (#RTN21)' do
        connection.on(:connected) do
          expect(connection.details).to be_a(Ably::Models::ConnectionDetails)
          expect(connection.details.connection_key).to_not be_nil
          expect(connection.details.server_id).to_not be_nil
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      it 'contains the new ConnectionDetails object once a subsequent connection is created (#RTN21)' do
        connection.once(:connected) do
          expect(connection.details.connection_key).to_not be_nil
          old_key = connection.details.connection_key
          connection.close do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              expect(connection.details.connection_key).to_not be_nil
              expect(connection.details.connection_key).to_not eql(old_key)
              stop_reactor
            end
            connection.connect
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with a different default connection_state_ttl' do
        before do
          old_defaults = Ably::Realtime::Connection::DEFAULTS
          stub_const 'Ably::Realtime::Connection::DEFAULTS', old_defaults.merge(connection_state_ttl: 15)
        end

        it 'updates the private Connection#connection_state_ttl when received from Ably in ConnectionDetails' do
          expect(connection.connection_state_ttl).to eql(15)

          connection.once(:connected) do
            expect(connection.connection_state_ttl).to be > 15
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'recovery' do
      let(:channel_name) { random_str }
      let(:channel) { client.channel(channel_name) }
      let(:publishing_client) do
        auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options)
      end
      let(:publishing_client_channel) { publishing_client.channel(channel_name) }

      let(:client_options) do
        default_options.merge(
          log_level:                  :none,
          disconnected_retry_timeout: 0.1,
          suspended_retry_timeout:    0.1,
          max_connection_state_ttl:   0.2,
          realtime_request_timeout:   5
        )
      end

      describe '#recovery_key' do
        def self.available_states
          [:connecting, :connected, :disconnected]
        end
        let(:available_states) { self.class.available_states }
        let(:states)           { Hash.new }
        let(:channel)          { client.channel(random_str) }

        it 'is composed of connection key and serial that is kept up to date with each message ACK received' do
          connection.on(:connected) do
            expected_serial = -1
            expect(connection.key).to_not be_nil
            expect(connection.serial).to eql(expected_serial)

            channel.attach do
              channel.publish('event', 'data')
              channel.subscribe do
                channel.unsubscribe

                expected_serial += 1 # attach message received
                expect(connection.serial).to eql(expected_serial)

                channel.publish('event', 'data')
                channel.subscribe do
                  channel.unsubscribe
                  expected_serial += 1 # attach message received
                  expect(connection.serial).to eql(expected_serial)

                  expect(connection.recovery_key).to eql("#{connection.key}:#{connection.serial}:#{connection.send(:client_msg_serial)}")
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        it "is available when connection is in one of the states: #{available_states.join(', ')}" do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            allow(client).to receive(:endpoint).and_return(
              URI::Generic.build(
                scheme: 'wss',
                host:   'this.host.does.not.exist.com'
              )
            )

            connection.transition_state_machine! :disconnected
          end

          available_states.each do |state|
            connection.on(state) do
              states[state.to_sym] = true if connection.recovery_key
            end
          end

          connection.once(:suspended) do
            error_message = Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(action: 9, error: { message: 'force failure' })
            connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, error_message
          end

          connection.once(:failed) do
            expect(states.keys).to match_array(available_states)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end

        it 'is nil when connection is explicitly CLOSED' do
          connection.once(:connected) do
            connection.close do
              expect(connection.recovery_key).to be_nil
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context "opening a new connection using a recently disconnected connection's #recovery_key" do
        context 'connection#id after recovery' do
          it 'remains the same' do
            previous_connection_id  = nil

            connection.once(:connected) do
              previous_connection_id  = connection.id
              connection.transition_state_machine! :failed
            end

            connection.once(:failed) do
              recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(recover: client.connection.recovery_key))
              recover_client.connection.on(:connected) do
                expect(recover_client.connection.id).to eql(previous_connection_id)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end
          end

          it 'does not call a resume callback', api_private: true do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.transition_state_machine! :failed
            end

            connection.once(:failed) do
              recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(recover: client.connection.recovery_key))
              recover_client.connection.on_resume do
                raise 'Should not call the resume callback'
              end
              recover_client.connection.on(:connected) do
                EventMachine.add_timer(0.5) { stop_reactor }
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when messages have been sent whilst the old connection is disconnected' do
          describe 'the new connection' do
            it 'recovers server-side queued messages' do
              connection_id, recovery_key = nil, nil

              channel.attach do
                connection_id = client.connection.id
                recovery_key = client.connection.recovery_key
                connection.transport.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__
                publishing_client_channel.publish('event', 'message') do
                  connection.transition_state_machine! :failed
                end
              end

              connection.on(:failed) do
                recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(recover: recovery_key))
                recover_client_channel = recover_client.channel(channel_name)
                recover_client_channel.attach do
                  expect(recover_client.connection.id).to eql(connection_id)
                  recover_client_channel.subscribe('event') do |message|
                    expect(message.data).to eql('message')
                    stop_reactor
                  end
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when messages have been published' do
          describe 'the new connection' do
            it 'uses the correct msgSerial from the old connection' do
              msg_serial, recovery_key, connection_id = nil, nil, nil

              channel.attach do
                expect(connection.send(:client_msg_serial)).to eql(-1) # no messages published yet
                connection_id = client.connection.id
                connection.transport.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__
                channel.publish('event', 'message') do
                  msg_serial = connection.send(:client_msg_serial)
                  expect(msg_serial).to eql(0)
                  recovery_key = client.connection.recovery_key
                  connection.transition_state_machine! :failed
                end
              end

              connection.on(:failed) do
                recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(recover: recovery_key))
                recover_client_channel = recover_client.channel(channel_name)
                recover_client_channel.attach do
                  expect(recover_client.connection.id).to eql(connection_id)
                  expect(recover_client.connection.send(:client_msg_serial)).to eql(msg_serial)
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when messages are published before the new connection is recovered' do
          describe 'the new connection' do
            it 'uses the correct msgSerial from the old connection for the queued messages' do
              msg_serial, recovery_key, connection_id = nil, nil, nil

              channel.attach do
                expect(connection.send(:client_msg_serial)).to eql(-1) # no messages published yet
                connection_id = client.connection.id
                connection.transport.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__
                channel.subscribe('event') do |message|
                  expect(message.data).to eql('message-1')
                  msg_serial = connection.send(:client_msg_serial)
                  expect(msg_serial).to eql(0)
                  recovery_key = client.connection.recovery_key
                  connection.transition_state_machine! :failed
                end
                channel.publish('event', 'message-1')
              end

              connection.on(:failed) do
                recover_client = auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(default_options.merge(recover: recovery_key))
                recover_client_channel = recover_client.channel(channel_name)
                expect(recover_client.connection.send(:client_msg_serial)).to eql(msg_serial)

                recover_client.connection.once(:connecting) do
                  recover_client_channel.publish('event', 'message-2')
                  expect(recover_client.connection.send(:client_msg_serial)).to eql(msg_serial + 1)
                end

                recover_client_channel.attach do
                  expect(recover_client.connection.id).to eql(connection_id)

                  recover_client_channel.subscribe do |message|
                    expect(message.data).to eql('message-2')
                    EventMachine.add_timer(2) do
                      stop_reactor
                    end
                  end
                end
              end
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'with :recover option' do
        context 'with invalid syntax' do
          let(:invaid_client_options) { default_options.merge(recover: 'invalid') }

          it 'raises an exception' do
            expect { Ably::Realtime::Client.new(invaid_client_options) }.to raise_error ArgumentError, /Recover/
            stop_reactor
          end
        end

        context 'with invalid formatted value sent to server' do
          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(recover: 'not-a-valid-connection-key:1:0', log_level: :none) }

          it 'sets the #error_reason and moves the connection to FAILED' do
            connection.once(:failed) do |state_change|
              expect(connection.state).to eq(:failed)
              expect(state_change.reason.message).to match(/Invalid connectionKey/i)
              expect(connection.error_reason.message).to match(/Invalid connectionKey/i)
              expect(connection.error_reason.code).to eql(80018)
              expect(connection.error_reason).to eql(state_change.reason)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end

        context 'with expired (missing) value sent to server' do
          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(recover: 'wVIsgTHAB1UvXh7z-1991d8586:0:0', log_level: :fatal) }

          it 'connects but sets the error reason and includes the reason in the state change' do
            connection.once(:connected) do |state_change|
              expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
              expect(state_change.reason.message).to match(/Unable to recover connection/i)
              expect(connection.error_reason.message).to match(/Unable to recover connection/i)
              expect(connection.error_reason.code).to eql(80008)
              expect(connection.error_reason).to eql(state_change.reason)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'with many connections simultaneously', em_timeout: 15 do
      let(:connection_count) { 40 }
      let(:connection_ids)   { [] }
      let(:connection_keys)  { [] }

      it 'opens each with a unique connection#id and connection#key' do
        connection_count.times.map do
          auto_close Ably::Realtime::Client.new(client_options)
        end.each do |client|
          client.connection.on(:connected) do
            connection_ids  << client.connection.id
            connection_keys << client.connection.key
            next unless connection_ids.count == connection_count

            expect(connection_ids.uniq.count).to eql(connection_count)
            expect(connection_keys.uniq.count).to eql(connection_count)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'when a state transition is unsupported' do
      let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :fatal) } # silence FATAL errors

      it 'logs the invalid state change as fatal' do
        connection.connect do
          connection.transition_state_machine :initialized
          EventMachine.add_timer(1) { stop_reactor }
        end

        expect(client.logger).to receive(:fatal).at_least(:once) do |*args, &block|
          expect(args.concat([block ? block.call : nil]).join(',')).to match(/Unable to transition/)
        end
      end
    end

    context 'protocol failure' do
      let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(protocol: :json, log_level: :none) }

      context 'receiving an invalid ProtocolMessage' do
        it 'emits an error on the connection and logs a fatal error message' do
          connection.connect do
            connection.transport.send(:driver).emit 'message', OpenStruct.new(data: { action: 500 }.to_json)
          end

          expect(client.logger).to receive(:fatal).at_least(:once) do |*args, &block|
            expect(args.concat([block ? block.call : nil]).join(',')).to match(/Invalid Protocol Message/)
          end
          connection.on(:failed) do |state_change|
            expect(state_change.reason.message).to match(/Invalid Protocol Message/)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'undocumented method' do
      context '#internet_up?' do
        it 'returns a Deferrable' do
          expect(connection.internet_up?).to be_a(EventMachine::Deferrable)
          stop_reactor
        end

        context 'internet up URL protocol' do
          let(:http_request) { double('EventMachine::HttpRequest', get: EventMachine::DefaultDeferrable.new) }

          context 'when using TLS for the connection' do
            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(tls: true) }

            it 'uses TLS for the Internet check to https://internet-up.ably-realtime.com/is-the-internet-up.txt' do
              expect(EventMachine::HttpRequest).to receive(:new).with('https://internet-up.ably-realtime.com/is-the-internet-up.txt').and_return(http_request)
              connection.internet_up?
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          context 'when using a non-secured connection' do
            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(tls: false, use_token_auth: true) }

            it 'uses TLS for the Internet check to http://internet-up.ably-realtime.com/is-the-internet-up.txt' do
              expect(EventMachine::HttpRequest).to receive(:new).with('http://internet-up.ably-realtime.com/is-the-internet-up.txt').and_return(http_request)
              connection.internet_up?
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when the Internet is up' do
          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(tls: false, use_token_auth: true) }

          context 'with a TLS connection' do
            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(tls: true) }

            it 'checks the Internet up URL over TLS' do
              expect(EventMachine::HttpRequest).to receive(:new).with("https:#{Ably::INTERNET_CHECK.fetch(:url)}").and_return(double('request', get: EventMachine::DefaultDeferrable.new))
              connection.internet_up?
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          context 'with a non-TLS connection' do
            let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(tls: false, use_token_auth: true) }

            it 'checks the Internet up URL over TLS' do
              expect(EventMachine::HttpRequest).to receive(:new).with("http:#{Ably::INTERNET_CHECK.fetch(:url)}").and_return(double('request', get: EventMachine::DefaultDeferrable.new))
              connection.internet_up?
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'calls the block with true' do
            connection.internet_up? do |result|
              expect(result).to be_truthy
              EventMachine.add_timer(0.2) { stop_reactor }
            end
          end

          it 'calls the success callback of the Deferrable' do
            connection.internet_up?.callback do
              EventMachine.add_timer(0.2) { stop_reactor }
            end
            connection.internet_up?.errback do |error|
              raise "Could not perform the Internet up check. Are you connected to the Internet? #{error}"
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when the Internet is down' do
          before do
            stub_const 'Ably::INTERNET_CHECK', { url: '//does.not.exist.com', ok_text: 'no.way.this.will.match' }
          end

          it 'calls the block with false' do
            connection.internet_up? do |result|
              expect(result).to be_falsey
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'calls the failure callback of the Deferrable' do
            connection.internet_up?.errback do
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    describe 'state change side effects' do
      let(:channel)        { client.channels.get(random_str) }
      let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(:log_level => :error) }

      context 'when connection enters the :disconnected state' do
        it 'queues messages to be sent and all channels remain attached' do
          channel.attach do
            connection.once(:disconnected) do
              expect(connection.__outgoing_message_queue__).to be_empty
              channel.publish 'test'

              EventMachine.next_tick do
                expect(connection.__outgoing_message_queue__).to_not be_empty
              end

              connection.once(:connected) do
                EventMachine.add_timer(0.1) do
                  expect(connection.__outgoing_message_queue__).to be_empty
                  stop_reactor
                end
              end
            end

            connection.transport.close_connection_after_writing
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when connection enters the :suspended state' do
        let(:client_options) do
          default_options.merge(
            log_level:                  :fatal,
            disconnected_retry_timeout: 0.02,
            suspended_retry_timeout:    60,
            max_connection_state_ttl:   0.05
          )
        end

        it 'moves the channels into the suspended state and prevents publishing of messages on those channels' do
          channel.attach do
            channel.once(:suspended) do
              channel.publish('test').errback do |error|
                expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::ChannelInactive)
                stop_reactor
              end
            end

            close_connection_proc = lambda do
              EventMachine.add_timer(0.001) do
                if connection.transport.nil?
                  close_connection_proc.call
                else
                  connection.transport.close_connection_after_writing
                end
              end
            end

            # Keep disconnecting the websocket transport after it attempts reconnection
            connection.on(:connecting) do
              close_connection_proc.call
            end
            close_connection_proc.call
          end
        end
      end

      context 'when connection enters the :failed state' do
        let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(:key => 'will.not:authenticate', log_level: :none) }

        it 'sets all channels to failed and prevents publishing of messages on those channels' do
          channel.attach
          channel.once(:failed) do
            channel.publish('test').errback do |error|
              expect(error).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::ChannelInactive)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'connection state change' do
      # See https://github.com/ably/ably-ruby/issues/103
      it 'emits event to all and single subscribers' do
        connected_emitted = []
        block = lambda do |state_change|
          if state_change.current == :connected
            connected_emitted << state_change
            EventMachine.add_timer(0.5) do
              expect(connected_emitted.length).to eql(2)
              stop_reactor
            end
          end
        end
        connection.on(&block)
        connection.on(:connected, &block)
      end

      it 'emits a ConnectionStateChange object' do
        connection.on(:connected) do |connection_state_change|
          expect(connection_state_change).to be_a(Ably::Models::ConnectionStateChange)
          stop_reactor
        end
      end

      context 'ConnectionStateChange object' do
        it 'has current state' do
          connection.on(:connected) do |connection_state_change|
            expect(connection_state_change.current).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Connection::STATE)
            expect(connection_state_change.current).to eq(:connected)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end

        it 'has a previous state' do
          connection.on(:connected) do |connection_state_change|
            expect(connection_state_change.previous).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Connection::STATE)
            expect(connection_state_change.previous).to eq(:connecting)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end

        it 'has the event that generated the state change (#TH5)' do
          connection.on(:connected) do |connection_state_change|
            expect(connection_state_change.event).to be_a(Ably::Realtime::Connection::EVENT)
            expect(connection_state_change.event).to eq(:connected)
            stop_reactor
          end
        end

        it 'contains a private API protocol_message attribute that is used for special state change events', :api_private do
          connection.on(:connected) do |connection_state_change|
            expect(connection_state_change.protocol_message).to be_a(Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage)
            expect(connection_state_change.reason).to be_nil
            stop_reactor
          end
        end

        it 'has an empty reason when there is no error' do
          connection.on(:closed) do |connection_state_change|
            expect(connection_state_change.reason).to be_nil
            stop_reactor
          end
          connection.connect do
            connection.close
          end
        end

        context 'on failure' do
          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :none) }

          it 'has a reason Error object when there is an error on the connection' do
            connection.on(:failed) do |connection_state_change|
              expect(connection_state_change.reason).to be_a(Ably::Exceptions::BaseAblyException)
              stop_reactor
            end
            connection.connect do
              error = Ably::Exceptions::ConnectionFailed.new('forced failure', 500, 50000)
              client.connection.manager.error_received_from_server error
            end
          end
        end

        context 'retry_in' do
          let(:client_options) { default_options.merge(log_level: :error) }

          it 'is nil when a retry is not required' do
            connection.on(:connected) do |connection_state_change|
              expect(connection_state_change.retry_in).to be_nil
              stop_reactor
            end
          end

          it 'is 0 when first attempt to connect fails' do
            connection.once(:connecting) do
              connection.once(:disconnected) do |connection_state_change|
                expect(connection_state_change.retry_in).to eql(0)
                stop_reactor
              end
              EventMachine.add_timer(0.005) { connection.transport.unbind }
            end
          end

          it 'is 0 when an immediate reconnect will occur' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.once(:disconnected) do |connection_state_change|
                expect(connection_state_change.retry_in).to eql(0)
                stop_reactor
              end
              connection.transport.unbind
            end
          end

          it 'contains the next retry period when an immediate reconnect will not occur' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.once(:connecting) do
                connection.once(:disconnected) do |connection_state_change|
                  expect(connection_state_change.retry_in).to be > 0
                  stop_reactor
                end
                EventMachine.add_timer(0.005) { connection.transport.unbind }
              end
              connection.transport.unbind
            end
          end
        end
      end

      context 'whilst CONNECTED' do
        context 'when a CONNECTED message is received (#RTN24)' do
          let(:connection_key) { random_str(32) }
          let(:protocol_message_attributes) do
            {
              action: Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage::ACTION.Connected.to_i,
              connection_serial: 55,
              connection_details: {
                client_id: 'bob',
                connection_key: connection_key,
                connection_state_ttl: 33 * 1000,
                max_frame_size: 555,
                max_inbound_rate: 999,
                max_message_size: 1310,
                server_id: 'us-east-1-a.foo.com',
                max_idle_interval: 4 * 1000
              }
            }
          end

          it 'emits an UPDATE event' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.once(:update) do |connection_state_change|
                expect(connection_state_change.current).to eq(:connected)
                expect(connection_state_change.previous).to eq(:connected)
                expect(connection_state_change.retry_in).to be_nil
                expect(connection_state_change.reason).to be_nil
                expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
                stop_reactor
              end

              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(protocol_message_attributes)
            end
          end

          it 'updates the ConnectionDetail and Connection attributes (#RTC8a1)' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              expect(client.auth.client_id).to eql('*')

              connection.once(:update) do |connection_state_change|
                expect(client.auth.client_id).to eql('bob')
                expect(connection.key).to eql(connection_key)
                expect(connection.serial).to eql(55)
                expect(connection.connection_state_ttl).to eql(33)

                expect(connection.details.client_id).to eql('bob')
                expect(connection.details.connection_key).to eql(connection_key)
                expect(connection.details.connection_state_ttl).to eql(33)
                expect(connection.details.max_frame_size).to eql(555)
                expect(connection.details.max_inbound_rate).to eql(999)
                expect(connection.details.max_message_size).to eql(1310)
                expect(connection.details.server_id).to eql('us-east-1-a.foo.com')
                expect(connection.details.max_idle_interval).to eql(4)
                stop_reactor
              end

              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(protocol_message_attributes)
            end
          end
        end

        context 'when a CONNECTED message with an error is received' do
          let(:protocol_message_attributes) do
            {
              action: Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage::ACTION.Connected.to_i,
              connection_serial: 22,
              error: { code: 50000, message: 'Internal failure' },
            }
          end

          it 'emits an UPDATE event' do
            connection.once(:connected) do
              connection.on(:update) do |connection_state_change|
                expect(connection_state_change.current).to eq(:connected)
                expect(connection_state_change.previous).to eq(:connected)
                expect(connection_state_change.retry_in).to be_nil
                expect(connection_state_change.reason).to be_a(Ably::Models::ErrorInfo)
                expect(connection_state_change.reason.code).to eql(50000)
                expect(connection_state_change.reason.message).to match(/Internal failure/)
                expect(connection.state).to eq(:connected)
                stop_reactor
              end

              connection.__incoming_protocol_msgbus__.publish :protocol_message, Ably::Models::ProtocolMessage.new(protocol_message_attributes)
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end

    context 'version params' do
      it 'sends the protocol version param v (#G4, #RTN2f)' do
        expect(EventMachine).to receive(:connect) do |host, port, transport, object, url|
          uri = URI.parse(url)
          expect(CGI::parse(uri.query)['v'][0]).to eql('1.1')
          stop_reactor
        end
        client
      end

      it 'sends the lib version param lib (#RTN2g)' do
        expect(EventMachine).to receive(:connect) do |host, port, transport, object, url|
          uri = URI.parse(url)
          expect(CGI::parse(uri.query)['lib'][0]).to match(/^ruby-1\.1\.\d+(-[\w\.]+)?+$/)
          stop_reactor
        end
        client
      end

      context 'with variant' do
        let(:variant) { 'foo' }

        before do
          Ably.lib_variant = variant
        end

        after do
          Ably.lib_variant = nil
        end

        it 'sends the lib version param lib with the variant (#RTN2g + #RSC7b)' do
          expect(EventMachine).to receive(:connect) do |host, port, transport, object, url|
            uri = URI.parse(url)
            expect(CGI::parse(uri.query)['lib'][0]).to match(/^ruby-#{variant}-1\.1\.\d+(-[\w\.]+)?$/)
            stop_reactor
          end
          client
        end
      end
    end
  end
end