diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/main/java/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SystemFunctionResolver.java b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/main/java/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SystemFunctionResolver.java
index c89eccc66..39376caf5 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/main/java/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SystemFunctionResolver.java
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/main/java/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SystemFunctionResolver.java
@@ -338,7 +338,8 @@ public Invocation resolveSystemFunction(FunctionRef fun) {
                 case "ToTime":
                 case "ToQuantity":
                 case "ToRatio":
-                case "ToConcept": {
+                case "ToConcept":
+                case "ToChars": {
                     return resolveUnary(fun);
                 }
 
diff --git a/Src/java/engine-fhir/src/test/resources/org/hl7/fhirpath/cql/CqlTypeOperatorsTest.xml b/Src/java/engine-fhir/src/test/resources/org/hl7/fhirpath/cql/CqlTypeOperatorsTest.xml
index a6c06ad98..9d18b5b3b 100644
--- a/Src/java/engine-fhir/src/test/resources/org/hl7/fhirpath/cql/CqlTypeOperatorsTest.xml
+++ b/Src/java/engine-fhir/src/test/resources/org/hl7/fhirpath/cql/CqlTypeOperatorsTest.xml
@@ -57,6 +57,23 @@
 			<output>false</output>
 		</test>
 	</group>
+	<group name="ToChars">
+		<test name="StringToChars">
+			<expression>ToChars('abc123')</expression>
+			<output>{ 'a', 'b', 'c', '1', '2', '3' }</output>
+		</test>
+		<test name="EmptyStringToChars">
+			<expression>ToChars('')</expression>
+			<output>{}</output>
+		</test>
+		<test name="NullToChars">
+			<expression>ToChars(null)</expression>
+			<output>null</output>
+		</test>
+		<test name="ToCharsMalformed">
+			<expression invalid="true">ToChars(123)</expression>
+		</test>
+	</group>
 	<group name="ToConcept">
 		<test name="CodeToConcept1">
 			<expression>ToConcept(Code { code: '8480-6' })</expression>
diff --git a/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/elm/executing/ToCharsEvaluator.java b/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/elm/executing/ToCharsEvaluator.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8627a938d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/elm/executing/ToCharsEvaluator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package org.opencds.cqf.cql.engine.elm.executing;
+
+import org.opencds.cqf.cql.engine.exception.InvalidOperatorArgument;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*
+ToChars(argument String) List<String>
+
+The ToChars operator takes a string and returns a list with one string for each character in the input, in the order in which they appear in the string.
+
+If the argument is null, the result is null.
+*/
+
+public class ToCharsEvaluator {
+
+    public static List<String> toChars(Object operand) {
+        if (operand == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (operand instanceof String) {
+            List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (char c : ((String) operand).toCharArray()) {
+                result.add(String.valueOf(c));
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        throw new InvalidOperatorArgument(
+                "ToChars(String)",
+                String.format("ToInteger(%s)", operand.getClass().getName()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/EvaluationVisitor.java b/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/EvaluationVisitor.java
index e6491ba84..acf25dc0d 100644
--- a/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/EvaluationVisitor.java
+++ b/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/EvaluationVisitor.java
@@ -420,6 +420,12 @@ public Object visitToConcept(ToConcept elm, State state) {
         return ToConceptEvaluator.toConcept(operand);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Object visitToChars(ToChars elm, State state) {
+        Object operand = visitExpression(elm.getOperand(), state);
+        return ToCharsEvaluator.toChars(operand);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Object visitToDate(ToDate elm, State state) {
         Object operand = visitExpression(elm.getOperand(), state);
diff --git a/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/Libraries.java b/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/Libraries.java
index 11d68f27b..130d63765 100644
--- a/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/Libraries.java
+++ b/Src/java/engine/src/main/java/org/opencds/cqf/cql/engine/execution/Libraries.java
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public static List<ExpressionDef> resolveAllExpressionRef(final String name, fin
         int index = Collections.binarySearch(
                 defs, name, (x, k) -> ((ExpressionDef) x).getName().compareTo((String) k));
 
-        if (index == -1) {
+        if (index < 0) {
             return Collections.emptyList();
         }