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Overview

Jamm provides MemoryMeter, a Java agent for all Java versions to measure actual object memory use including JVM overhead.

Use

To use MemoryMeter, start the JVM with -javaagent:<path to>/jamm.jar.

You can then use MemoryMeter in your code like this:

MemoryMeter meter = MemoryMeter.builder().build();
meter.measure(object);
meter.measureDeep(object);

See MemoryMeter.Builder for more options.

If you would like to use MemoryMeter in a web application, make sure that you do NOT put this jar in WEB-INF/lib, as that may cause problems since your code is accessing a MemoryMeter from a different class loader than the one loaded by the -javaagent and won't see it as initialized.

If you want MemoryMeter not to measure some specific classes, you can mark the classes (or interfaces) using the @Unmetered annotation.

It is good to reuse existing MemoryMeter instances. Creating new MemoryMeter instances can and will cause significant performance penalties and also unnecessary side effects, since all guess-modes rely on java.lang.ClassValue.

Dependency coordinates for the latest version of Jamm

Gradle:

dependencies {
    implementation("com.github.jbellis:jamm:0.4.0")
}

Maven:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.jbellis</groupId>
    <artifactId>jamm</artifactId>
    <version>0.4.0</version>
</dependency>

Building

Build + test:

./gradlew jar test

To run the microbenchmark:

./gradlew microbench
build/microbench <JMH options...>

Public to local Maven repo (in case you need that)

./gradlew publishToMavenLocal

IDEs

You can just open the project in IntelliJ. If you've opened the Maven-ish branch(es) in IntelliJ before, you'll have to remove the .idea folder.

Benchmarks

See Microbench.java

To run the microbenchmarks, execute ./gradlew microbench and run build/microbench from the command line.

Some microbenchmark results (JVM options: -Xms16g -Xmx16g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch):

Java 11.0.8

Benchmark                                 (guess)  (nested)  (refs)  Mode  Cnt   Score   Error  Units
Microbench.arrayByteArray             ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.012 ± 0.019  us/op
Microbench.arrayByteArray           ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.012 ± 0.019  us/op
Microbench.arrayByteArray  ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.012 ± 0.017  us/op
Microbench.cls1                       ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.026 ± 0.004  us/op
Microbench.cls1                     ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.026 ± 0.005  us/op
Microbench.cls1            ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.026 ± 0.004  us/op
Microbench.cls2                       ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.350 ± 0.155  us/op
Microbench.cls2                     ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.387 ± 0.030  us/op
Microbench.cls2            ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.355 ± 0.040  us/op
Microbench.cls3                       ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.761 ± 0.087  us/op
Microbench.cls3                     ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.733 ± 0.130  us/op
Microbench.cls3            ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.738 ± 0.099  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested               ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3  49.825 ± 1.482  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested             ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3  46.260 ± 4.466  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested    ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3  52.301 ± 8.285  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray              ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.014 ± 0.005  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray            ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.014 ± 0.004  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray   ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.014 ± 0.006  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer             ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.056 ± 0.011  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer           ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.058 ± 0.018  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer  ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.058 ± 0.029  us/op
Microbench.justString                 ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.059 ± 0.061  us/op
Microbench.justString               ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.057 ± 0.019  us/op
Microbench.justString      ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.056 ± 0.001  us/op

Java 8u265

Benchmark                                 (guess)  (nested)  (refs)  Mode  Cnt   Score    Error  Units
Microbench.arrayByteArray             ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.011 ±  0.007  us/op
Microbench.arrayByteArray           ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.011 ±  0.006  us/op
Microbench.arrayByteArray  ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.011 ±  0.007  us/op
Microbench.cls1                       ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.023 ±  0.009  us/op
Microbench.cls1                     ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.025 ±  0.039  us/op
Microbench.cls1            ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.024 ±  0.012  us/op
Microbench.cls2                       ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.357 ±  0.034  us/op
Microbench.cls2                     ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.365 ±  0.008  us/op
Microbench.cls2            ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.366 ±  0.100  us/op
Microbench.cls3                       ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.773 ±  0.178  us/op
Microbench.cls3                     ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.754 ±  0.328  us/op
Microbench.cls3            ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.755 ±  0.396  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested               ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3  46.889 ± 18.817  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested             ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3  45.166 ±  9.059  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested    ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3  48.041 ± 14.777  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray              ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.011 ±  0.008  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray            ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.011 ±  0.009  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray   ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.011 ±  0.007  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer             ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.053 ±  0.013  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer           ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.053 ±  0.011  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer  ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.053 ±  0.014  us/op
Microbench.justString                 ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3   0.055 ±  0.010  us/op
Microbench.justString               ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3   0.054 ±  0.007  us/op
Microbench.justString      ALWAYS_INSTRUMENTATION       100       4  avgt    3   0.054 ±  0.019  us/op

Previous (0.3.x) versions of jamm (w/ 8u265)

Mentioned for comparison reasons! Performance numbers for the recent version above.

Benchmark                        (guess)  (nested)  (refs)  Mode  Cnt    Score    Error  Units
Microbench.cls1              ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3    0.243 ±  0.170  us/op
Microbench.cls1            ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3    0.304 ±  0.078  us/op
Microbench.cls1                    NEVER       100       4  avgt    3    0.210 ±  0.126  us/op
Microbench.cls2              ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3    2.924 ±  0.272  us/op
Microbench.cls2            ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3    3.086 ±  0.419  us/op
Microbench.cls2                    NEVER       100       4  avgt    3    2.624 ±  0.131  us/op
Microbench.cls3              ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3    5.919 ±  1.433  us/op
Microbench.cls3            ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3    6.031 ±  1.632  us/op
Microbench.cls3                    NEVER       100       4  avgt    3    5.329 ±  0.513  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested      ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3  500.569 ± 27.362  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested    ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3  495.529 ± 66.984  us/op
Microbench.deeplyNested            NEVER       100       4  avgt    3  388.130 ± 83.949  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray     ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3    0.012 ±  0.011  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray   ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3    0.013 ±  0.004  us/op
Microbench.justByteArray           NEVER       100       4  avgt    3    0.055 ±  0.010  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer    ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3    0.942 ±  0.230  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer  ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3    0.935 ±  0.154  us/op
Microbench.justByteBuffer          NEVER       100       4  avgt    3    0.689 ±  0.247  us/op
Microbench.justString        ALWAYS_SPEC       100       4  avgt    3    0.616 ±  0.165  us/op
Microbench.justString      ALWAYS_UNSAFE       100       4  avgt    3    0.684 ±  0.636  us/op
Microbench.justString              NEVER       100       4  avgt    3    0.574 ±  0.098  us/op

The fine print

MemoryMeter can use java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation.getObjectSize(), which only claims to provide "approximate" results, but in practice seems to work as expected.

Two more implementations are available as well. One is using sun.misc.Unsafe w/ reflection and one just uses reflection. Both are inaccurate and rely on guesses. It is strongly recommended to not use "unsafe" or "specification" and jamm will emit a warning on stderr:

  • The "Unsafe" implementation performs arithmetics on the "cookies" returned by Unsafe.objectFieldOffset(), althought the Javadoc says: Do not expect to perform any sort of arithmetic on this offset; it is just a cookie which is passed to the unsafe heap memory accessors. The implementation does not always consider Java object layouts in under all circumstances for all JVMs.
  • The "specification" is just a best-effort guess-timate that can easily produce results that are wrong w/ newer JVMs and GCs and/or newer Java features.

0.4.0 notes

  • The method MemoryMeter.countChildren() has been removed, because there is a) no corresponding implementation from JDK-8249196 and b) there was no test coverage at all.
  • The construction of the MemoryMeter instance has been refactored to a proper builder pattern to allow distinct classes for each implementation: Instrumentation, Unsafe, Specification).
  • A bunch of internal optimizations went into the existing guess-modes and performance for these modes has also been significantly improved (about 10x, see microbenchmark results above).
  • Support for @Unmetered for fields has been removed for the future implementation of java.lang.Runtime.deepSizeOf() with Java 16.