diff --git a/numba/parfors/parfor_lowering.py b/numba/parfors/parfor_lowering.py
index 7a67311f4cb..bbca774cebe 100644
--- a/numba/parfors/parfor_lowering.py
+++ b/numba/parfors/parfor_lowering.py
@@ -930,15 +930,22 @@ def find_setitems_block(setitems, itemsset, block, typemap):
             # used in a call then consider it unanalyzable and so
             # unavailable for hoisting.
             rhs = inst.value
+            def add_to_itemset(item):
+                assert isinstance(item, ir.Var), rhs
+                if getattr(typemap[item.name], "mutable", False):
+                    itemsset.add(item.name)
+
             if isinstance(rhs, ir.Expr):
-                if rhs.op in ["build_tuple", "build_list", "build_set", "build_map"]:
+                if rhs.op in ["build_tuple", "build_list", "build_set"]:
                     for item in rhs.items:
-                        if getattr(typemap[item.name], "mutable", False):
-                            itemsset.add(item.name)
+                        add_to_itemset(item)
+                elif rhs.op == "build_map":
+                    for pair in rhs.items:
+                        for item in pair:
+                            add_to_itemset(item)
                 elif rhs.op == "call":
                     for item in list(rhs.args) + [x[1] for x in rhs.kws]:
-                        if getattr(typemap[item.name], "mutable", False):
-                            itemsset.add(item.name)
+                        add_to_itemset(item)
 
 def find_setitems_body(setitems, itemsset, loop_body, typemap):
     """
diff --git a/numba/tests/test_parfors.py b/numba/tests/test_parfors.py
index 556086438df..e333b05a587 100644
--- a/numba/tests/test_parfors.py
+++ b/numba/tests/test_parfors.py
@@ -3327,6 +3327,23 @@ def foo():
 
         self.assertEqual(foo(), foo.py_func())
 
+    def test_issue_9678_build_map(self):
+        def issue_9678(num_nodes):
+            out = 0
+            for inode_uint in numba.prange(num_nodes):
+                inode = numba.int64(inode_uint)
+                p = {inode: 0.0}   # mainly this build_map bytecode here
+                for _ in range(5):
+                    p[inode] += 1  # and here
+                out += p[inode]
+            return out
+
+        num_nodes = 12
+        issue_9678_serial = numba.jit(parallel=False)(issue_9678)
+        issue_9678_parallel = numba.jit(parallel=True)(issue_9678)
+        self.assertEqual(issue_9678_serial(num_nodes),
+                         issue_9678_parallel(num_nodes))
+
 
 @skip_parfors_unsupported
 class TestParforsDiagnostics(TestParforsBase):