diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b0453517e6c..bbeb4d1cbba 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ The JWT is expected to contain a claim, with a list of permissions in the same f
 }
 ```
 
-Clients are expected to pass the JWT in the Authorization header (in case of HLS and WebRTC) or in query parameters (in case of all other protocols), for instance:
+Clients are expected to pass the JWT in the Authorization header (in case of HLS, WebRTC and all web-based features) or in query parameters (in case of all other protocols), for instance:
 
 ```
 ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -i file.ts -c copy -f rtsp rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream?jwt=MY_JWT
diff --git a/internal/api/api.go b/internal/api/api.go
index b3c77d6ab8d..15045224238 100644
--- a/internal/api/api.go
+++ b/internal/api/api.go
@@ -284,17 +284,13 @@ func (a *API) middlewareOrigin(ctx *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func (a *API) middlewareAuth(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	user, pass, hasCredentials := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-
 	err := a.AuthManager.Authenticate(&auth.Request{
-		User:   user,
-		Pass:   pass,
-		Query:  ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery,
-		IP:     net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
-		Action: conf.AuthActionAPI,
+		IP:          net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
+		Action:      conf.AuthActionAPI,
+		HTTPRequest: ctx.Request,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		if !hasCredentials {
+		if err.(*auth.Error).AskCredentials { //nolint:errorlint
 			ctx.Header("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
 			ctx.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
diff --git a/internal/api/api_test.go b/internal/api/api_test.go
index d7d026e0bb5..85ec632c965 100644
--- a/internal/api/api_test.go
+++ b/internal/api/api_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/conf"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/test"
@@ -111,40 +110,6 @@ func TestPreflightRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, byts, []byte{})
 }
 
-func TestConfigAuth(t *testing.T) {
-	cnf := tempConf(t, "api: yes\n")
-
-	api := API{
-		Address:     "localhost:9997",
-		ReadTimeout: conf.StringDuration(10 * time.Second),
-		Conf:        cnf,
-		AuthManager: &test.AuthManager{
-			Func: func(req *auth.Request) error {
-				require.Equal(t, &auth.Request{
-					User:   "myuser",
-					Pass:   "mypass",
-					IP:     req.IP,
-					Action: "api",
-					Query:  "key=val",
-				}, req)
-				return nil
-			},
-		},
-		Parent: &testParent{},
-	}
-	err := api.Initialize()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer api.Close()
-
-	tr := &http.Transport{}
-	defer tr.CloseIdleConnections()
-	hc := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
-
-	var out map[string]interface{}
-	httpRequest(t, hc, http.MethodGet, "http://myuser:mypass@localhost:9997/v3/config/global/get?key=val", nil, &out)
-	require.Equal(t, true, out["api"])
-}
-
 func TestConfigGlobalGet(t *testing.T) {
 	cnf := tempConf(t, "api: yes\n")
 
diff --git a/internal/auth/manager.go b/internal/auth/manager.go
index a8da42a4ddf..c51541dc469 100644
--- a/internal/auth/manager.go
+++ b/internal/auth/manager.go
@@ -31,6 +31,17 @@ const (
 	jwtRefreshPeriod = 60 * 60 * time.Second
 )
 
+func addJWTFromAuthorization(rawQuery string, auth string) string {
+	jwt := strings.TrimPrefix(auth, "Bearer ")
+	if rawQuery != "" {
+		if v, err := url.ParseQuery(rawQuery); err == nil && v.Get("jwt") == "" {
+			v.Set("jwt", jwt)
+			return v.Encode()
+		}
+	}
+	return url.Values{"jwt": []string{jwt}}.Encode()
+}
+
 // Protocol is a protocol.
 type Protocol string
 
@@ -51,21 +62,27 @@ type Request struct {
 	Action conf.AuthAction
 
 	// only for ActionPublish, ActionRead, ActionPlayback
-	Path        string
-	Protocol    Protocol
-	ID          *uuid.UUID
-	Query       string
+	Path     string
+	Protocol Protocol
+	ID       *uuid.UUID
+	Query    string
+
+	// RTSP only
 	RTSPRequest *base.Request
 	RTSPNonce   string
+
+	// HTTP only
+	HTTPRequest *http.Request
 }
 
 // Error is a authentication error.
 type Error struct {
-	Message string
+	Message        string
+	AskCredentials bool
 }
 
 // Error implements the error interface.
-func (e Error) Error() string {
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
 	return "authentication failed: " + e.Message
 }
 
@@ -154,15 +171,6 @@ func (m *Manager) ReloadInternalUsers(u []conf.AuthInternalUser) {
 
 // Authenticate authenticates a request.
 func (m *Manager) Authenticate(req *Request) error {
-	err := m.authenticateInner(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Error{Message: err.Error()}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) authenticateInner(req *Request) error {
-	// if this is a RTSP request, fill username and password
 	var rtspAuthHeader headers.Authorization
 
 	if req.RTSPRequest != nil {
@@ -175,18 +183,42 @@ func (m *Manager) authenticateInner(req *Request) error {
 				req.User = rtspAuthHeader.Username
 			}
 		}
+	} else if req.HTTPRequest != nil {
+		req.User, req.Pass, _ = req.HTTPRequest.BasicAuth()
+		req.Query = req.HTTPRequest.URL.RawQuery
+
+		if h := req.HTTPRequest.Header.Get("Authorization"); strings.HasPrefix(h, "Bearer ") {
+			// support passing username and password through Authorization header
+			if parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(h, "Bearer "), ":"); len(parts) == 2 {
+				req.User = parts[0]
+				req.Pass = parts[1]
+			} else {
+				req.Query = addJWTFromAuthorization(req.Query, h)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
+	var err error
+
 	switch m.Method {
 	case conf.AuthMethodInternal:
-		return m.authenticateInternal(req, &rtspAuthHeader)
+		err = m.authenticateInternal(req, &rtspAuthHeader)
 
 	case conf.AuthMethodHTTP:
-		return m.authenticateHTTP(req)
+		err = m.authenticateHTTP(req)
 
 	default:
-		return m.authenticateJWT(req)
+		err = m.authenticateJWT(req)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return &Error{
+			Message:        err.Error(),
+			AskCredentials: (req.User == "" && req.Pass == ""),
+		}
 	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) authenticateInternal(req *Request, rtspAuthHeader *headers.Authorization) error {
diff --git a/internal/auth/manager_test.go b/internal/auth/manager_test.go
index abb604c7d38..cdc9b718cd5 100644
--- a/internal/auth/manager_test.go
+++ b/internal/auth/manager_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -186,6 +187,37 @@ func TestAuthInternalRTSPDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestAuthInternalCredentialsInBearer(t *testing.T) {
+	m := Manager{
+		Method: conf.AuthMethodInternal,
+		InternalUsers: []conf.AuthInternalUser{
+			{
+				User: "myuser",
+				Pass: "mypass",
+				IPs:  conf.IPNetworks{mustParseCIDR("127.1.1.1/32")},
+				Permissions: []conf.AuthInternalUserPermission{{
+					Action: conf.AuthActionPublish,
+					Path:   "mypath",
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+		HTTPAddress:     "",
+		RTSPAuthMethods: []auth.ValidateMethod{auth.ValidateMethodDigestMD5},
+	}
+
+	err := m.Authenticate(&Request{
+		IP:       net.ParseIP("127.1.1.1"),
+		Action:   conf.AuthActionPublish,
+		Path:     "mypath",
+		Protocol: ProtocolRTSP,
+		HTTPRequest: &http.Request{
+			Header: http.Header{"Authorization": []string{"Bearer myuser:mypass"}},
+			URL:    &url.URL{},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestAuthHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, outcome := range []string{"ok", "fail"} {
 		t.Run(outcome, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -292,78 +324,93 @@ func TestAuthJWT(t *testing.T) {
 	// taken from
 	// https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/blob/master/examples/http_server/main.go
 
-	key, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 1024)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, ca := range []string{"query", "auth header"} {
+		t.Run(ca, func(t *testing.T) {
+			key, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 1024)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	jwk, err := jwkset.NewJWKFromKey(key, jwkset.JWKOptions{
-		Metadata: jwkset.JWKMetadataOptions{
-			KID: "test-key-id",
-		},
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+			jwk, err := jwkset.NewJWKFromKey(key, jwkset.JWKOptions{
+				Metadata: jwkset.JWKMetadataOptions{
+					KID: "test-key-id",
+				},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	jwkSet := jwkset.NewMemoryStorage()
-	err = jwkSet.KeyWrite(context.Background(), jwk)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+			jwkSet := jwkset.NewMemoryStorage()
+			err = jwkSet.KeyWrite(context.Background(), jwk)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			httpServ := &http.Server{
+				Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+					response, err2 := jwkSet.JSONPublic(r.Context())
+					if err2 != nil {
+						w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+						return
+					}
 
-	httpServ := &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			response, err2 := jwkSet.JSONPublic(r.Context())
-			if err2 != nil {
-				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-				return
+					w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+					_, _ = w.Write(response)
+				}),
 			}
 
-			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-			_, _ = w.Write(response)
-		}),
-	}
+			ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:4567")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:4567")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+			go httpServ.Serve(ln)
+			defer httpServ.Shutdown(context.Background())
 
-	go httpServ.Serve(ln)
-	defer httpServ.Shutdown(context.Background())
+			type customClaims struct {
+				jwt.RegisteredClaims
+				MediaMTXPermissions []conf.AuthInternalUserPermission `json:"my_permission_key"`
+			}
 
-	type customClaims struct {
-		jwt.RegisteredClaims
-		MediaMTXPermissions []conf.AuthInternalUserPermission `json:"my_permission_key"`
-	}
+			claims := customClaims{
+				RegisteredClaims: jwt.RegisteredClaims{
+					ExpiresAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)),
+					IssuedAt:  jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
+					NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
+					Issuer:    "test",
+					Subject:   "somebody",
+					ID:        "1",
+				},
+				MediaMTXPermissions: []conf.AuthInternalUserPermission{{
+					Action: conf.AuthActionPublish,
+					Path:   "mypath",
+				}},
+			}
 
-	claims := customClaims{
-		RegisteredClaims: jwt.RegisteredClaims{
-			ExpiresAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)),
-			IssuedAt:  jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
-			NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(time.Now()),
-			Issuer:    "test",
-			Subject:   "somebody",
-			ID:        "1",
-		},
-		MediaMTXPermissions: []conf.AuthInternalUserPermission{{
-			Action: conf.AuthActionPublish,
-			Path:   "mypath",
-		}},
-	}
+			token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
+			token.Header[jwkset.HeaderKID] = "test-key-id"
+			ss, err := token.SignedString(key)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
-	token.Header[jwkset.HeaderKID] = "test-key-id"
-	ss, err := token.SignedString(key)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+			m := Manager{
+				Method:      conf.AuthMethodJWT,
+				JWTJWKS:     "http://localhost:4567/jwks",
+				JWTClaimKey: "my_permission_key",
+			}
 
-	m := Manager{
-		Method:      conf.AuthMethodJWT,
-		JWTJWKS:     "http://localhost:4567/jwks",
-		JWTClaimKey: "my_permission_key",
+			if ca == "query" {
+				err = m.Authenticate(&Request{
+					IP:       net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"),
+					Action:   conf.AuthActionPublish,
+					Path:     "mypath",
+					Protocol: ProtocolRTSP,
+					Query:    "param=value&jwt=" + ss,
+				})
+			} else {
+				err = m.Authenticate(&Request{
+					IP:       net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"),
+					Action:   conf.AuthActionPublish,
+					Path:     "mypath",
+					Protocol: ProtocolWebRTC,
+					HTTPRequest: &http.Request{
+						Header: http.Header{"Authorization": []string{"Bearer " + ss}},
+						URL:    &url.URL{},
+					},
+				})
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
 	}
-
-	err = m.Authenticate(&Request{
-		User:     "",
-		Pass:     "",
-		IP:       net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"),
-		Action:   conf.AuthActionPublish,
-		Path:     "mypath",
-		Protocol: ProtocolRTSP,
-		Query:    "param=value&jwt=" + ss,
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
diff --git a/internal/defs/path.go b/internal/defs/path.go
index fa56a791836..28568583015 100644
--- a/internal/defs/path.go
+++ b/internal/defs/path.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package defs
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/bluenviron/gortsplib/v4/pkg/base"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/gortsplib/v4/pkg/description"
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ type Path interface {
 	RemoveReader(req PathRemoveReaderReq)
 }
 
-// PathAccessRequest is an access request.
+// PathAccessRequest is a path access request.
 type PathAccessRequest struct {
 	Name     string
 	Query    string
@@ -43,13 +44,18 @@ type PathAccessRequest struct {
 	SkipAuth bool
 
 	// only if skipAuth = false
-	IP          net.IP
-	User        string
-	Pass        string
-	Proto       auth.Protocol
-	ID          *uuid.UUID
+	User  string
+	Pass  string
+	IP    net.IP
+	Proto auth.Protocol
+	ID    *uuid.UUID
+
+	// RTSP only
 	RTSPRequest *base.Request
 	RTSPNonce   string
+
+	// HTTP only
+	HTTPRequest *http.Request
 }
 
 // ToAuthRequest converts a path access request into an authentication request.
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ func (r *PathAccessRequest) ToAuthRequest() *auth.Request {
 		Query:       r.Query,
 		RTSPRequest: r.RTSPRequest,
 		RTSPNonce:   r.RTSPNonce,
+		HTTPRequest: r.HTTPRequest,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/metrics/metrics.go b/internal/metrics/metrics.go
index 11a5af72ec6..9332e956828 100644
--- a/internal/metrics/metrics.go
+++ b/internal/metrics/metrics.go
@@ -120,17 +120,13 @@ func (m *Metrics) onRequest(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	user, pass, hasCredentials := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-
 	err := m.AuthManager.Authenticate(&auth.Request{
-		User:   user,
-		Pass:   pass,
-		Query:  ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery,
-		IP:     net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
-		Action: conf.AuthActionMetrics,
+		IP:          net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
+		Action:      conf.AuthActionMetrics,
+		HTTPRequest: ctx.Request,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		if !hasCredentials {
+		if err.(*auth.Error).AskCredentials { //nolint:errorlint
 			ctx.Header("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
 			ctx.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
diff --git a/internal/playback/on_get_test.go b/internal/playback/on_get_test.go
index 528fc72440a..38a39797bdb 100644
--- a/internal/playback/on_get_test.go
+++ b/internal/playback/on_get_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediacommon/pkg/codecs/mpeg4audio"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediacommon/pkg/formats/fmp4"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediacommon/pkg/formats/fmp4/seekablebuffer"
-	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/conf"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -239,20 +238,8 @@ func TestOnGet(t *testing.T) {
 						RecordPath: filepath.Join(dir, "%path/%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S-%f"),
 					},
 				},
-				AuthManager: &test.AuthManager{
-					Func: func(req *auth.Request) error {
-						require.Equal(t, &auth.Request{
-							User:   "myuser",
-							Pass:   "mypass",
-							IP:     req.IP,
-							Action: "playback",
-							Path:   "mypath",
-							Query:  req.Query,
-						}, req)
-						return nil
-					},
-				},
-				Parent: test.NilLogger,
+				AuthManager: test.NilAuthManager,
+				Parent:      test.NilLogger,
 			}
 			err = s.Initialize()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/internal/playback/on_list_test.go b/internal/playback/on_list_test.go
index a05843c6e3b..8d230c5d6f1 100644
--- a/internal/playback/on_list_test.go
+++ b/internal/playback/on_list_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/conf"
 	"github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -36,20 +35,8 @@ func TestOnList(t *testing.T) {
 				RecordPath: filepath.Join(dir, "%path/%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S-%f"),
 			},
 		},
-		AuthManager: &test.AuthManager{
-			Func: func(req *auth.Request) error {
-				require.Equal(t, &auth.Request{
-					User:   "myuser",
-					Pass:   "mypass",
-					IP:     req.IP,
-					Action: "playback",
-					Query:  "path=mypath",
-					Path:   "mypath",
-				}, req)
-				return nil
-			},
-		},
-		Parent: test.NilLogger,
+		AuthManager: test.NilAuthManager,
+		Parent:      test.NilLogger,
 	}
 	err = s.Initialize()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/internal/playback/server.go b/internal/playback/server.go
index dca99feb41f..1550116eb97 100644
--- a/internal/playback/server.go
+++ b/internal/playback/server.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 package playback
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
@@ -119,27 +118,21 @@ func (s *Server) middlewareOrigin(ctx *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) doAuth(ctx *gin.Context, pathName string) bool {
-	user, pass, hasCredentials := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-
 	err := s.AuthManager.Authenticate(&auth.Request{
-		User:   user,
-		Pass:   pass,
-		Query:  ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery,
-		IP:     net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
-		Action: conf.AuthActionPlayback,
-		Path:   pathName,
+		IP:          net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
+		Action:      conf.AuthActionPlayback,
+		Path:        pathName,
+		HTTPRequest: ctx.Request,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		if !hasCredentials {
+		if err.(*auth.Error).AskCredentials { //nolint:errorlint
 			ctx.Header("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
 			ctx.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return false
 		}
 
-		var terr auth.Error
-		errors.As(err, &terr)
-
-		s.Log(logger.Info, "connection %v failed to authenticate: %v", httpp.RemoteAddr(ctx), terr.Message)
+		s.Log(logger.Info, "connection %v failed to authenticate: %v",
+			httpp.RemoteAddr(ctx), err.(*auth.Error).Message) //nolint:errorlint
 
 		// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
 		<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
diff --git a/internal/pprof/pprof.go b/internal/pprof/pprof.go
index 2cb0164f85e..a4ac5c821fc 100644
--- a/internal/pprof/pprof.go
+++ b/internal/pprof/pprof.go
@@ -92,17 +92,13 @@ func (pp *PPROF) onRequest(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	user, pass, hasCredentials := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-
 	err := pp.AuthManager.Authenticate(&auth.Request{
-		User:   user,
-		Pass:   pass,
-		Query:  ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery,
-		IP:     net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
-		Action: conf.AuthActionMetrics,
+		IP:          net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
+		Action:      conf.AuthActionMetrics,
+		HTTPRequest: ctx.Request,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		if !hasCredentials {
+		if err.(*auth.Error).AskCredentials { //nolint:errorlint
 			ctx.Writer.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
 			ctx.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 			return
diff --git a/internal/servers/hls/http_server.go b/internal/servers/hls/http_server.go
index 882e3443307..ed07eb822a3 100644
--- a/internal/servers/hls/http_server.go
+++ b/internal/servers/hls/http_server.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	gopath "path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -37,17 +36,6 @@ func mergePathAndQuery(path string, rawQuery string) string {
 	return res
 }
 
-func addJWTFromAuthorization(rawQuery string, auth string) string {
-	jwt := strings.TrimPrefix(auth, "Bearer ")
-	if rawQuery != "" {
-		if v, err := url.ParseQuery(rawQuery); err == nil && v.Get("jwt") == "" {
-			v.Set("jwt", jwt)
-			return v.Encode()
-		}
-	}
-	return url.Values{"jwt": []string{jwt}}.Encode()
-}
-
 type httpServer struct {
 	address        string
 	encryption     bool
@@ -157,28 +145,19 @@ func (s *httpServer) onRequest(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	user, pass, hasCredentials := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-
-	q := ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery
-	if h := ctx.Request.Header.Get("Authorization"); strings.HasPrefix(h, "Bearer ") {
-		q = addJWTFromAuthorization(q, h)
-	}
-
 	pathConf, err := s.pathManager.FindPathConf(defs.PathFindPathConfReq{
 		AccessRequest: defs.PathAccessRequest{
-			Name:    dir,
-			Query:   q,
-			Publish: false,
-			IP:      net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
-			User:    user,
-			Pass:    pass,
-			Proto:   auth.ProtocolHLS,
+			Name:        dir,
+			Publish:     false,
+			IP:          net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
+			Proto:       auth.ProtocolHLS,
+			HTTPRequest: ctx.Request,
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
-			if !hasCredentials {
+			if terr.AskCredentials {
 				ctx.Header("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
 				ctx.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 				return
diff --git a/internal/servers/hls/server_test.go b/internal/servers/hls/server_test.go
index ba8cca80a36..e00ce5b0d50 100644
--- a/internal/servers/hls/server_test.go
+++ b/internal/servers/hls/server_test.go
@@ -106,8 +106,6 @@ func TestServerNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 			pm := &dummyPathManager{
 				findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 					require.Equal(t, "nonexisting", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-					require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-					require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 					return &conf.Path{}, nil
 				},
 				addReader: func(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
@@ -181,8 +179,6 @@ func TestServerRead(t *testing.T) {
 		pm := &dummyPathManager{
 			findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 				require.Equal(t, "mystream", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-				require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-				require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 				return &conf.Path{}, nil
 			},
 			addReader: func(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
@@ -277,8 +273,6 @@ func TestServerRead(t *testing.T) {
 		pm := &dummyPathManager{
 			findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 				require.Equal(t, "mystream", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-				require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-				require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 				return &conf.Path{}, nil
 			},
 			addReader: func(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
@@ -372,8 +366,7 @@ func TestServerReadAuthorizationHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	pm := &dummyPathManager{
-		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "jwt=testing", req.AccessRequest.Query)
+		findPathConf: func(_ defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 			return &conf.Path{}, nil
 		},
 		addReader: func(_ defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
diff --git a/internal/servers/rtmp/conn.go b/internal/servers/rtmp/conn.go
index b9c9f0d3fc2..310bddcb0d9 100644
--- a/internal/servers/rtmp/conn.go
+++ b/internal/servers/rtmp/conn.go
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func (c *conn) runRead(conn *rtmp.Conn, u *url.URL) error {
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
 			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
 			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func (c *conn) runPublish(conn *rtmp.Conn, u *url.URL) error {
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
 			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
 			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
diff --git a/internal/servers/rtmp/server_test.go b/internal/servers/rtmp/server_test.go
index 78c0292e659..de7c7edcf72 100644
--- a/internal/servers/rtmp/server_test.go
+++ b/internal/servers/rtmp/server_test.go
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ type dummyPathManager struct {
 
 func (pm *dummyPathManager) AddPublisher(req defs.PathAddPublisherReq) (defs.Path, error) {
 	if req.AccessRequest.User != "myuser" || req.AccessRequest.Pass != "mypass" {
-		return nil, auth.Error{}
+		return nil, &auth.Error{}
 	}
 	return pm.path, nil
 }
 
 func (pm *dummyPathManager) AddReader(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
 	if req.AccessRequest.User != "myuser" || req.AccessRequest.Pass != "mypass" {
-		return nil, nil, auth.Error{}
+		return nil, nil, &auth.Error{}
 	}
 	return pm.path, pm.path.stream, nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/servers/rtsp/conn.go b/internal/servers/rtsp/conn.go
index 25843eabca4..4c65b4160be 100644
--- a/internal/servers/rtsp/conn.go
+++ b/internal/servers/rtsp/conn.go
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (c *conn) onDescribe(ctx *gortsplib.ServerHandlerOnDescribeCtx,
 	})
 
 	if res.Err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(res.Err, &terr) {
 			res, err := c.handleAuthError(terr)
 			return res, nil, err
diff --git a/internal/servers/rtsp/session.go b/internal/servers/rtsp/session.go
index a3e7a90238f..0a1b3d76a45 100644
--- a/internal/servers/rtsp/session.go
+++ b/internal/servers/rtsp/session.go
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (s *session) onAnnounce(c *conn, ctx *gortsplib.ServerHandlerOnAnnounceCtx)
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
 			return c.handleAuthError(terr)
 		}
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (s *session) onSetup(c *conn, ctx *gortsplib.ServerHandlerOnSetupCtx,
 			},
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			var terr auth.Error
+			var terr *auth.Error
 			if errors.As(err, &terr) {
 				res, err2 := c.handleAuthError(terr)
 				return res, nil, err2
diff --git a/internal/servers/srt/conn.go b/internal/servers/srt/conn.go
index 3c062975ee9..bc665e5b06a 100644
--- a/internal/servers/srt/conn.go
+++ b/internal/servers/srt/conn.go
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (c *conn) runPublish(streamID *streamID) error {
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
 			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
 			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func (c *conn) runRead(streamID *streamID) error {
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
 			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
 			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
diff --git a/internal/servers/srt/server_test.go b/internal/servers/srt/server_test.go
index 21bfea8291c..f6461375f7b 100644
--- a/internal/servers/srt/server_test.go
+++ b/internal/servers/srt/server_test.go
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ type dummyPathManager struct {
 
 func (pm *dummyPathManager) AddPublisher(req defs.PathAddPublisherReq) (defs.Path, error) {
 	if req.AccessRequest.User != "myuser" || req.AccessRequest.Pass != "mypass" {
-		return nil, auth.Error{}
+		return nil, &auth.Error{}
 	}
 	return pm.path, nil
 }
 
 func (pm *dummyPathManager) AddReader(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
 	if req.AccessRequest.User != "myuser" || req.AccessRequest.Pass != "mypass" {
-		return nil, nil, auth.Error{}
+		return nil, nil, &auth.Error{}
 	}
 	return pm.path, pm.path.stream, nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/servers/webrtc/http_server.go b/internal/servers/webrtc/http_server.go
index 7872de05f85..5ba0b698fbc 100644
--- a/internal/servers/webrtc/http_server.go
+++ b/internal/servers/webrtc/http_server.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -60,17 +59,6 @@ func sessionLocation(publish bool, path string, secret uuid.UUID) string {
 	return ret
 }
 
-func addJWTFromAuthorization(rawQuery string, auth string) string {
-	jwt := strings.TrimPrefix(auth, "Bearer ")
-	if rawQuery != "" {
-		if v, err := url.ParseQuery(rawQuery); err == nil && v.Get("jwt") == "" {
-			v.Set("jwt", jwt)
-			return v.Encode()
-		}
-	}
-	return url.Values{"jwt": []string{jwt}}.Encode()
-}
-
 type httpServer struct {
 	address        string
 	encryption     bool
@@ -120,35 +108,19 @@ func (s *httpServer) close() {
 }
 
 func (s *httpServer) checkAuthOutsideSession(ctx *gin.Context, pathName string, publish bool) bool {
-	user, pass, hasCredentials := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-	q := ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery
-
-	if h := ctx.Request.Header.Get("Authorization"); strings.HasPrefix(h, "Bearer ") {
-		// JWT in authorization bearer -> JWT in query parameters
-		q = addJWTFromAuthorization(q, h)
-
-		// credentials in authorization bearer -> credentials in authorization basic
-		if parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(h, "Bearer "), ":"); len(parts) == 2 {
-			user = parts[0]
-			pass = parts[1]
-		}
-	}
-
 	_, err := s.pathManager.FindPathConf(defs.PathFindPathConfReq{
 		AccessRequest: defs.PathAccessRequest{
-			Name:    pathName,
-			Query:   q,
-			Publish: publish,
-			IP:      net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
-			User:    user,
-			Pass:    pass,
-			Proto:   auth.ProtocolWebRTC,
+			Name:        pathName,
+			Publish:     publish,
+			IP:          net.ParseIP(ctx.ClientIP()),
+			Proto:       auth.ProtocolWebRTC,
+			HTTPRequest: ctx.Request,
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
+		var terr *auth.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
-			if !hasCredentials {
+			if terr.AskCredentials {
 				ctx.Header("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
 				ctx.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
 				return false
@@ -200,30 +172,31 @@ func (s *httpServer) onWHIPPost(ctx *gin.Context, pathName string, publish bool)
 		return
 	}
 
-	user, pass, _ := ctx.Request.BasicAuth()
-	q := ctx.Request.URL.RawQuery
+	res := s.parent.newSession(webRTCNewSessionReq{
+		pathName:    pathName,
+		remoteAddr:  httpp.RemoteAddr(ctx),
+		offer:       offer,
+		publish:     publish,
+		httpRequest: ctx.Request,
+	})
+	if res.err != nil {
+		var terr *auth.Error
+		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
+			if terr.AskCredentials {
+				ctx.Header("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="mediamtx"`)
+				ctx.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+				return
+			}
+
+			s.Log(logger.Info, "connection %v failed to authenticate: %v", httpp.RemoteAddr(ctx), terr.Message)
 
-	if h := ctx.Request.Header.Get("Authorization"); strings.HasPrefix(h, "Bearer ") {
-		// JWT in authorization bearer -> JWT in query parameters
-		q = addJWTFromAuthorization(q, h)
+			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
+			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
 
-		// credentials in authorization bearer -> credentials in authorization basic
-		if parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(h, "Bearer "), ":"); len(parts) == 2 {
-			user = parts[0]
-			pass = parts[1]
+			writeError(ctx, http.StatusUnauthorized, terr)
+			return
 		}
-	}
 
-	res := s.parent.newSession(webRTCNewSessionReq{
-		pathName:   pathName,
-		remoteAddr: httpp.RemoteAddr(ctx),
-		query:      q,
-		user:       user,
-		pass:       pass,
-		offer:      offer,
-		publish:    publish,
-	})
-	if res.err != nil {
 		writeError(ctx, res.errStatusCode, res.err)
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/internal/servers/webrtc/server.go b/internal/servers/webrtc/server.go
index a04fb3fdd62..64c1fc478f9 100644
--- a/internal/servers/webrtc/server.go
+++ b/internal/servers/webrtc/server.go
@@ -133,14 +133,12 @@ type webRTCNewSessionRes struct {
 }
 
 type webRTCNewSessionReq struct {
-	pathName   string
-	remoteAddr string
-	query      string
-	user       string
-	pass       string
-	offer      []byte
-	publish    bool
-	res        chan webRTCNewSessionRes
+	pathName    string
+	remoteAddr  string
+	offer       []byte
+	publish     bool
+	httpRequest *http.Request
+	res         chan webRTCNewSessionRes
 }
 
 type webRTCAddSessionCandidatesRes struct {
diff --git a/internal/servers/webrtc/server_test.go b/internal/servers/webrtc/server_test.go
index f421d0c947a..19f37648a34 100644
--- a/internal/servers/webrtc/server_test.go
+++ b/internal/servers/webrtc/server_test.go
@@ -96,9 +96,7 @@ func (pm *dummyPathManager) AddReader(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *st
 
 func initializeTestServer(t *testing.T) *Server {
 	pm := &dummyPathManager{
-		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
+		findPathConf: func(_ defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 			return &conf.Path{}, nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -182,9 +180,7 @@ func TestPreflightRequest(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestServerOptionsICEServer(t *testing.T) {
 	pathManager := &dummyPathManager{
-		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
+		findPathConf: func(_ defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 			return &conf.Path{}, nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -249,14 +245,10 @@ func TestServerPublish(t *testing.T) {
 	pathManager := &dummyPathManager{
 		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 			require.Equal(t, "teststream", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 			return &conf.Path{}, nil
 		},
 		addPublisher: func(req defs.PathAddPublisherReq) (defs.Path, error) {
 			require.Equal(t, "teststream", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 			return path, nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -534,14 +526,10 @@ func TestServerRead(t *testing.T) {
 			pathManager := &dummyPathManager{
 				findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 					require.Equal(t, "teststream", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-					require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-					require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 					return &conf.Path{}, nil
 				},
 				addReader: func(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
 					require.Equal(t, "teststream", req.AccessRequest.Name)
-					require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-					require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
 					return path, str, nil
 				},
 			}
@@ -632,167 +620,9 @@ func TestServerRead(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestServerReadAuthorizationBearerJWT(t *testing.T) {
-	desc := &description.Session{Medias: []*description.Media{test.MediaH264}}
-
-	str, err := stream.New(
-		512,
-		1460,
-		desc,
-		true,
-		test.NilLogger,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	path := &dummyPath{stream: str}
-
-	pm := &dummyPathManager{
-		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "jwt=testing", req.AccessRequest.Query)
-			return &conf.Path{}, nil
-		},
-		addReader: func(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "jwt=testing", req.AccessRequest.Query)
-			return path, str, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	s := &Server{
-		Address:               "127.0.0.1:8886",
-		Encryption:            false,
-		ServerKey:             "",
-		ServerCert:            "",
-		AllowOrigin:           "",
-		TrustedProxies:        conf.IPNetworks{},
-		ReadTimeout:           conf.StringDuration(10 * time.Second),
-		LocalUDPAddress:       "127.0.0.1:8887",
-		LocalTCPAddress:       "127.0.0.1:8887",
-		IPsFromInterfaces:     true,
-		IPsFromInterfacesList: []string{},
-		AdditionalHosts:       []string{},
-		ICEServers:            []conf.WebRTCICEServer{},
-		HandshakeTimeout:      conf.StringDuration(10 * time.Second),
-		TrackGatherTimeout:    conf.StringDuration(2 * time.Second),
-		ExternalCmdPool:       nil,
-		PathManager:           pm,
-		Parent:                test.NilLogger,
-	}
-	err = s.Initialize()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	tr := &http.Transport{}
-	defer tr.CloseIdleConnections()
-	hc := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
-
-	pc, err := pwebrtc.NewPeerConnection(pwebrtc.Configuration{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer pc.Close() //nolint:errcheck
-
-	_, err = pc.AddTransceiverFromKind(pwebrtc.RTPCodecTypeVideo)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	offer, err := pc.CreateOffer(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost,
-		"http://localhost:8886/teststream/whep", bytes.NewReader([]byte(offer.SDP)))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/sdp")
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer testing")
-
-	res, err := hc.Do(req)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer res.Body.Close()
-
-	require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, res.StatusCode)
-}
-
-func TestServerReadAuthorizationUserPass(t *testing.T) {
-	desc := &description.Session{Medias: []*description.Media{test.MediaH264}}
-
-	str, err := stream.New(
-		512,
-		1460,
-		desc,
-		true,
-		test.NilLogger,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	path := &dummyPath{stream: str}
-
-	pm := &dummyPathManager{
-		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
-			return &conf.Path{}, nil
-		},
-		addReader: func(req defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
-			return path, str, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	s := &Server{
-		Address:               "127.0.0.1:8886",
-		Encryption:            false,
-		ServerKey:             "",
-		ServerCert:            "",
-		AllowOrigin:           "",
-		TrustedProxies:        conf.IPNetworks{},
-		ReadTimeout:           conf.StringDuration(10 * time.Second),
-		LocalUDPAddress:       "127.0.0.1:8887",
-		LocalTCPAddress:       "127.0.0.1:8887",
-		IPsFromInterfaces:     true,
-		IPsFromInterfacesList: []string{},
-		AdditionalHosts:       []string{},
-		ICEServers:            []conf.WebRTCICEServer{},
-		HandshakeTimeout:      conf.StringDuration(10 * time.Second),
-		TrackGatherTimeout:    conf.StringDuration(2 * time.Second),
-		ExternalCmdPool:       nil,
-		PathManager:           pm,
-		Parent:                test.NilLogger,
-	}
-	err = s.Initialize()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	tr := &http.Transport{}
-	defer tr.CloseIdleConnections()
-	hc := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
-
-	pc, err := pwebrtc.NewPeerConnection(pwebrtc.Configuration{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer pc.Close() //nolint:errcheck
-
-	_, err = pc.AddTransceiverFromKind(pwebrtc.RTPCodecTypeVideo)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	offer, err := pc.CreateOffer(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost,
-		"http://localhost:8886/teststream/whep", bytes.NewReader([]byte(offer.SDP)))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/sdp")
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer myuser:mypass")
-
-	res, err := hc.Do(req)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer res.Body.Close()
-
-	require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, res.StatusCode)
-}
-
 func TestServerReadNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	pm := &dummyPathManager{
-		findPathConf: func(req defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
-			require.Equal(t, "myuser", req.AccessRequest.User)
-			require.Equal(t, "mypass", req.AccessRequest.Pass)
+		findPathConf: func(_ defs.PathFindPathConfReq) (*conf.Path, error) {
 			return &conf.Path{}, nil
 		},
 		addReader: func(_ defs.PathAddReaderReq) (defs.Path, *stream.Stream, error) {
diff --git a/internal/servers/webrtc/session.go b/internal/servers/webrtc/session.go
index 6bee1909407..9298282dae4 100644
--- a/internal/servers/webrtc/session.go
+++ b/internal/servers/webrtc/session.go
@@ -129,25 +129,15 @@ func (s *session) runPublish() (int, error) {
 	path, err := s.pathManager.AddPublisher(defs.PathAddPublisherReq{
 		Author: s,
 		AccessRequest: defs.PathAccessRequest{
-			Name:    s.req.pathName,
-			Query:   s.req.query,
-			Publish: true,
-			IP:      net.ParseIP(ip),
-			User:    s.req.user,
-			Pass:    s.req.pass,
-			Proto:   auth.ProtocolWebRTC,
-			ID:      &s.uuid,
+			Name:        s.req.pathName,
+			Publish:     true,
+			IP:          net.ParseIP(ip),
+			Proto:       auth.ProtocolWebRTC,
+			ID:          &s.uuid,
+			HTTPRequest: s.req.httpRequest,
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr auth.Error
-		if errors.As(err, &terr) {
-			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
-			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
-
-			return http.StatusUnauthorized, err
-		}
-
 		return http.StatusBadRequest, err
 	}
 
@@ -250,23 +240,14 @@ func (s *session) runRead() (int, error) {
 	path, stream, err := s.pathManager.AddReader(defs.PathAddReaderReq{
 		Author: s,
 		AccessRequest: defs.PathAccessRequest{
-			Name:  s.req.pathName,
-			Query: s.req.query,
-			IP:    net.ParseIP(ip),
-			User:  s.req.user,
-			Pass:  s.req.pass,
-			Proto: auth.ProtocolWebRTC,
-			ID:    &s.uuid,
+			Name:        s.req.pathName,
+			IP:          net.ParseIP(ip),
+			Proto:       auth.ProtocolWebRTC,
+			ID:          &s.uuid,
+			HTTPRequest: s.req.httpRequest,
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		var terr1 auth.Error
-		if errors.As(err, &terr1) {
-			// wait some seconds to mitigate brute force attacks
-			<-time.After(auth.PauseAfterError)
-			return http.StatusUnauthorized, err
-		}
-
 		var terr2 defs.PathNoOnePublishingError
 		if errors.As(err, &terr2) {
 			return http.StatusNotFound, err
@@ -338,7 +319,7 @@ func (s *session) runRead() (int, error) {
 		Conf:            path.SafeConf(),
 		ExternalCmdEnv:  path.ExternalCmdEnv(),
 		Reader:          s.APIReaderDescribe(),
-		Query:           s.req.query,
+		Query:           s.req.httpRequest.URL.RawQuery,
 	})
 	defer onUnreadHook()
 
@@ -451,7 +432,7 @@ func (s *session) apiItem() *defs.APIWebRTCSession {
 			return defs.APIWebRTCSessionStateRead
 		}(),
 		Path:          s.req.pathName,
-		Query:         s.req.query,
+		Query:         s.req.httpRequest.URL.RawQuery,
 		BytesReceived: bytesReceived,
 		BytesSent:     bytesSent,
 	}
diff --git a/internal/test/auth_manager.go b/internal/test/auth_manager.go
index be23ede8459..f59666b78a8 100644
--- a/internal/test/auth_manager.go
+++ b/internal/test/auth_manager.go
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ import "github.com/bluenviron/mediamtx/internal/auth"
 
 // AuthManager is a test auth manager.
 type AuthManager struct {
-	Func func(req *auth.Request) error
+	fnc func(req *auth.Request) error
 }
 
 // Authenticate replicates auth.Manager.Replicate
 func (m *AuthManager) Authenticate(req *auth.Request) error {
-	return m.Func(req)
+	return m.fnc(req)
 }
 
 // NilAuthManager is an auth manager that accepts everything.
 var NilAuthManager = &AuthManager{
-	Func: func(_ *auth.Request) error {
+	fnc: func(_ *auth.Request) error {
 		return nil
 	},
 }