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History of HTML:
Father of Internet: Tim Berners Lee: WWWஐக் கண்டுபிடித்தார்.
1991இல் டிம் பெர்னர்ஸ் லீ, HTMLஐக் கண்டுபிடித்தார்.
1995இல் HTML Working Group உருவாக்கப்பட்டது.
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
இப்படியே வளர்ந்து 2008இல் HTML 5 வந்தது. இப்போது 2017இல் 5.2 வந்திருக்கிறது.
HTML கற்றுக் கொள்ள என்ன கருவி(tool) வேண்டும்?
எந்தக் கருவியும் தேவையில்லை. சாதாரண text editor போதுமானது.
HTML Case Sensitive மொழியா?
இல்லை. ஆனால் W3C small letters(lower case)ஐப் பரிந்துரைக்கிறது.
அடிப்படையான HTMLஇல் என்ன புரிந்து கொள்ள வேண்டும்?
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> </head> <!-- இந்தப் பகுதி பொதுவாக meta தகவல்களுக்கான இடம் -->
<body>
<!-- உலாவி(browser)யில் என்ன தெரிய வேண்டும் எனச் சொல்ல வேண்டிய இடம் -->
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Validator:
https://validator.w3.org/
<p>I am a paragraph, oh yes I am.</p>
<h1>I am the title of the story.</h1>
<h2>I am the title of the story.</h2>
<h3>I am the title of the story.</h3>
<h4>I am the title of the story.</h4>
<h5>I am the title of the story.</h5>
<h6>I am the title of the story.</h6>
Unordered List:
ul - unordered list
li - list item
<ul>
<li>Gandhi</li>
<li>Periyar</li>
<li>Netaji</li>
<li>Ambedkar</li>
</ul>
Ordered List:
<ol>
<li>Have pen and paper</li>
<li>Note down everything</li>
<li>Go through them</li>
<li>Ask Questions</li>
<li>Clarify your doubts</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>Have pen and paper</li>
<li>Note down everything</li>
<li>Go through them</li>
<li>Ask Questions
<ul>
<li>Listen to the answers</li>
<li>Raise again your questions on the answers</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Clarify your doubts</li>
</ol>
Emphasis:
<p>It is good to <em>practise</em> regularly and <em>write </em>them.</p>
Underline:
<p>HTML is <U>easy</U> to learn.</p>
Combine strong, emphasis and underline:
<p>HTML is <U><strong><em>easy</strong></em></U> to learn.</p>
Changing closing tag order will also work: [Not advisable]
<p>HTML is <U><strong><em>easy</U></em></strong> to learn.</p>
Description List:
<dl>
<dt>ILUGC</dt> <!--Description Term -->
<dd>ILUGC was started on 1997 and it is an one of the oldest Linux Users Group in India. We are a heterogeneous group of computer users from the South Indian city of Chennai (aka Madras), united in our use of Free/Libre/Open Source Softwares and support of Software Freedom in general and the GNU/Linux in particular. Most of our monthly meetings see a technical talk, not necessarily on GNU/Linux but also on FSF/GNU/OSS/BSD related topics such as Perl, Python, PHP, FreeBSD, TCP, IP, etc,.</dd>
<dt>Kaniyam</dt>
<dd><i lang="ta">அறிவியல் மற்றும் சமூகப் பொருளாதார வளர்ச்சிக்கு ஒப்ப, தமிழ் மொழியின் பயன்பாடு வளர்வதை உறுதிப்படுத்துவதும், அனைத்து அறிவுத் தொகுதிகளும், வளங்களும் கட்டற்ற அணுக்கத்தில் அனைவருக்கும் கிடைக்கச்செய்தலும்.</i></dd>
<dt>FSFTN</dt>
<dd>IFree Software Foundation Tamil Nadu (FSFTN) is a not-for-profit organisation and a social
movement which aims at enlightening the masses in Free Software, Free Hardware, Openness, Free Culture
and Knowledge Freedom. We have Regional and College level GLUGs and
conduct Annual Camps, Workshops, etc on FOSS Technologies and Tools to empower people and contribute Knowledge back to the Commons</dd>
</dl>
Description List - Example 2:
<dl>
<dt><strong>ILUGC</strong></dt>
<dd>ILUGC was started on 1997 and it is an one of the oldest Linux Users Group in India. We are a heterogeneous group of computer users from the South Indian city of Chennai (aka Madras), united in our use of Free/Libre/Open Source Softwares and support of Software Freedom in general and the GNU/Linux in particular. Most of our monthly meetings see a technical talk, not necessarily on GNU/Linux but also on FSF/GNU/OSS/BSD related topics such as Perl, Python, PHP, FreeBSD, TCP, IP, etc,.</dd>
<dt><strong><em>Kaniyam</em></strong></dt>
<dd><i lang="ta">அறிவியல் மற்றும் சமூகப் பொருளாதார வளர்ச்சிக்கு ஒப்ப, தமிழ் மொழியின் பயன்பாடு வளர்வதை உறுதிப்படுத்துவதும், அனைத்து அறிவுத் தொகுதிகளும், வளங்களும் கட்டற்ற அணுக்கத்தில் அனைவருக்கும் கிடைக்கச்செய்தலும்.</i></dd>
<dt>FSFTN</dt>
<dd>IFree Software Foundation Tamil Nadu (FSFTN) is a not-for-profit organisation and a social
movement which aims at enlightening the masses in Free Software, Free Hardware, Openness, Free Culture
and Knowledge Freedom. We have Regional and College level GLUGs and
conduct Annual Camps, Workshops, etc on FOSS Technologies and Tools to empower people and contribute Knowledge back to the Commons</dd>
</dl>
Abbreviations:
<p>We use <abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr> to structure our web documents.</p>
<p>I think <abbr title="Doctor">Dr.</abbr> B.M.Hegde talks are eye opening one.</p>
Superscript and subscript:
<p>Periyar's birthday is on the 17<sup>th</sup> of September.</p>
<p>Water's formula is H<sub>2</sub>O</sub>.</p>
<p>If x<sup>2</sup> is 16, x must equal 4 or -4.</p>
Marking up times and dates:
<time datetime="2022-06-20">20 June 2022</time>
<time datetime="2022-06-20">20 June 2022</time>
<!-- Standard simple date -->
<time datetime="2022-08-24">20 June 2022</time>
<!-- Just year and month -->
<time datetime="2022-08">August 2022</time>
<!-- Just month and day -->
<time datetime="01-20">20 June</time>
<!-- Just time, hours and minutes -->
<time datetime="19:30">19:30</time>
<!-- You can do seconds and milliseconds too! -->
<time datetime="19:30:01.856">19:30:01.856</time>
<!-- Date and time -->
<time datetime="2022-01-20T19:30">7.30pm, 20 June 2022</time>
<!-- Date and time with timezone offset -->
<time datetime="2022-01-20T19:30+01:00">7.30pm, 20 June 2022 is 8.30pm in India</time>
<!-- Calling out a specific week number -->
<time datetime="2022-W04">The fourth week of 2022</time>
HyperLinks: summa
htoyjyjhjkhkh
<p>I'm creating a link to
<a href="http://www.payilagam.com/">Payilagam Home page</a>.
</p>
<p>I'm creating a link to
<a href="http://www.kaniyam.com/"
title="The best place to learn Open Source content in Tamil">Kaniyam</a>.
</p>
Block Level Links:
For Adding Links to Images
<a href="https://www.linux.org/">
<img src="linux.jpeg" alt="Linux logo that links to the Linux homepage">
</a>
Creating HyperLinks:
Moving down into subdirectories
Moving back up into parent directories
home.html:
----------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is Sample homepage</h1>
<p>Visit my <a href="templates/home.html">Home Page</a>.</p>
<p>Want to contact a specific staff member? Find details on our <a href="contacts.html">contacts page</a>.</p>
<p>Want to Reach Us? Use our <a href="contactus.html#Mailing_address">address</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>
contactus.html
-----------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>My contacts page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is my Contact Us page</h1>
<p>The <a href="#Mailing_address">company mailing address</a> Please find at the bottom of this page.</p>
<p>Address</p>
<h2 id="Mailing_address"></h2>
<address>7 Vijaya Nagar<br>
Velachery<br>
Chennai<br>
Tamil Nadu, 600042</address>
</body>
</html>
----------------------
Open Link in New Tab:
<a href="https://www.mozilla.org" target="_blank">
</a>
Download attribute when linking to a download:
<a href="https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-latest-ssl&os=linux64&lang=en-US" download="firefox-latest-64bit-installer">
Download Latest Firefox for Linux (64-bit) (English, US)
</a>
EMail Link:
mailto: link indicates the email address of the intended recipient
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send email to No One</a>
<a href="mailto:[email protected][email protected]&[email protected]&subject=The%20subject%20of%20the%20email&body=The%20body%20of%20the%20email">
Send mail with cc, bcc, subject and body
</a>